CN106538339A - A kind of method that grape interplants caraway - Google Patents
A kind of method that grape interplants caraway Download PDFInfo
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- CN106538339A CN106538339A CN201610924073.9A CN201610924073A CN106538339A CN 106538339 A CN106538339 A CN 106538339A CN 201610924073 A CN201610924073 A CN 201610924073A CN 106538339 A CN106538339 A CN 106538339A
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- caraway
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- chloride solution
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- 240000000467 Carum carvi Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 235000005747 Carum carvi Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- WHGYBXFWUBPSRW-FOUAGVGXSA-N beta-cyclodextrin Chemical compound OC[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]1O)O)O[C@H]2O[C@@H]([C@@H](O[C@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3O)O)O[C@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3O)O)O[C@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3O)O)O[C@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3O)O)O3)[C@H](O)[C@H]2O)CO)O[C@@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]3O[C@@H]1CO WHGYBXFWUBPSRW-FOUAGVGXSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 235000009754 Vitis X bourquina Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 235000012333 Vitis X labruscana Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 235000014787 Vitis vinifera Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 240000006365 Vitis vinifera Species 0.000 title 1
- 241000219095 Vitis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 60
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 210000000582 semen Anatomy 0.000 claims description 8
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 240000002234 Allium sativum Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000008331 Pinus X rigitaeda Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011613 Pinus brutia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000018646 Pinus brutia Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005352 clarification Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000004611 garlic Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000422 nocturnal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 abstract description 16
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 abstract description 16
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000003905 agrochemical Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000009605 growth rhythm Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 244000052769 pathogen Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000001717 pathogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002940 repellent Effects 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 244000299452 Gouania lupuloides Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000000292 Gouania lupuloides Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000132456 Haplocarpha Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000243785 Meloidogyne javanica Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001638069 Rigidoporus microporus Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000249 desinfective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036039 immunity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 210000001161 mammalian embryo Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000002503 metabolic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000008935 nutritious Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002420 orchard Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 sugar Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/02—Cultivation of hops or vines
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The method that a kind of grape of disclosure of the invention interplants caraway, including：Vineyard selection, site preparation, caraway nursery, sprigging, field management.A kind of method of grape interplanting caraway of the present invention has natural nuisance-free, low cost income is high, pest and disease damage incidence is low, it is economical and practical, meet growth rhythm, the advantages of, the method can prevent and treat grape root disease using the growth characteristics of caraway, the cost that a large amount of prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control are produced can be saved, and caraway and grape more preferably reasonably can be utilized to soil resource, increasing both production and income, improve grape quality, and the usage amount of agricultural chemicals can be greatly reduced, land resource is protected while being effectively utilized land resource also, the implantation methods of this grape caraway interplanting, substantially reduce the amount of application of agricultural chemicals, significantly decrease cost, increase farmers' income.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of planting, the method that more particularly to a kind of grape interplants caraway.
Background technology
Existing general only simple one fruit tree of plantation grape in vineyard, land utilization ratio are low, and weed growth is fast,
Pest and disease damage is more, and management cost is high, and only input does not have output, and orchard worker will undertake larger financial burden.Plantation grape, early stage need
Cool environment, middle and later periods growth are fast, and Land cover degree is big.Grape has extensive plantation in China, at present in country vineyard very
Rare other crops of interplanting, cause land utilization ratio low.Vineyard, is especially suitable for the plantation of caraway, can not only improve at present
The yield of caraway, and pest and disease damage can be mutually reduced, while improving per mu yield economic benefit.
The content of the invention
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions：
A kind of method that grape interplants caraway, comprises the following steps：
（1）Vineyard selects：Select the age of tree vineyard of more than 2 years；
（2）Site preparation：35cm is ploughed deeply in plot in vineyard by lunar calendar September, using clarification limewash sprinkling soil surface, with soil table
All moistening is defined layer, then applications of farmyard manure, uniformly spreads fertilizer over the fields in soil surface, then ploughs deeply 20cm, Soil and Fertilizer is fully mixed
It is even, after then drying 1 month, then the 12cm that ploughs shallowly, mass concentration is adopted for 0.05% sodium chloride solution spray soil surface, with
All moistening is defined upper soll layer, leveling earth；By the process to soil, disinfecting soil can not only ploughed shallowly
Processed using finite concentration sodium chloride solution sprinkling soil surface afterwards, soil function can be improved to a certain extent, and do not broken
Bad soil itself function so that soil is more suitable for growing for caraway, and also will not suppress the growth of grape；
（3）Caraway nursery
A. seedling medium：From sandy loam, plant ash, fertile soil, corn stigma, corncob as seedling medium；The present invention is prepared
Seedling medium, without nutritious, by corn stigma and the synergy of corncob, can further strengthen caraway seedling
Physiological metabolism process, improves its resistance, so as to greatly improve the survival rate of seedling；
B. Seed Treatment：Mass concentration is adopted before sowing to soak seed 10 hours at 38 DEG C for 0.12% sodium chloride solution, Ran Hou
Vernalization under the conditions of 25 DEG C, is stirred 2 times daily, per 6 hours of minor tick, sprays mass concentration immediately for 0.01% after stirring every time
Sodium chloride solution, sodium chloride solution sprinkling quality and Semen Coriandri mass ratio are 1:10, more than 88% seed is sowed after showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally；
By Semen Coriandri being soaked using finite concentration sodium chloride solution, can not only carry out surface sterilization to seed, moreover it is possible to certain journey
The germination percentage of seed is improved on degree, the cell of seed by certain density sodium chloride solution is sprayed in vernalization, can be strengthened
Metabolic capability, promotes the development of seed embryo, and then improves the germination percentage of seed；
C. sow and manage
Sowing the previous day mass concentration is that seedling medium is fully irrigated by 0.02% sodium chloride solution, seed uniform broadcasting
On seedling medium surface, earthing 0.05cm, then the pine needle of lid thick layer 0.5cm；After broadcasting, day temperature control at 20 DEG C, air
Relative humidity is maintained at 50%, and nocturnal temperature is controlled at 10 DEG C, and relative air humidity is maintained at 40%, and rough leaf appears seedling
When, the sodium chloride solution that mass concentration is 0.03% is sprayed, is sprayed by the amount of every mu of 15kg, and give 260lux intensities of illumination photograph
Penetrate, continue 1h；By certain density sodium chloride solution is sprayed when seedling rough leaf appears, and with reference to some strength
The synergy of illumination, it is possible to increase the activity of various enzymes in cell, promotes the various histoorgan developments of caraway seedling；
（4）Seedling replanting
During the lunar calendar October, the caraway seedling for cultivating is transplanted to whole vineyard well, kept original grape
Garden plant, away from constant, caraway routinely strain, line-spacing interplanting, vine is 20cm with the line-spacing of garlic；
（5）Field management
Thin farm manure is applied during caraway height of seedling 4cm, is applied within 2 weeks 1 time, company applies 3 times；During seedling length up to 10cm, night is sprayed to caraway
Mass concentration is 0.06% sodium chloride solution, is sprayed by the amount of every mu of 15kg, while spraying a mass concentration to grape
For 0.08% sodium chloride solution, spray by the amount of every mu of 18kg, while the illumination of 480lux is given to caraway and grape；Pass through
To caraway, while spraying sodium chloride solution to grape, in conjunction with the synergy of the illumination of some strength, sugar etc. can be promoted to seek
The transport of foster material, promotes photosynthesis, promotes the small molecules such as sugar, amino acid to change into cellulose, lignin, protein etc. big
Molecule, have additional nutrients accumulation, accelerates the speed of growth of caraway and grape.
Further, the step（3）Middle sandy loam, plant ash, fertile soil, corn stigma, corncob press its mass ratio 10:
2:2:0.2:0.5 ratio is mixed and made into seedling medium, and corncob is milled into fines from corncob then.
The common root disease of grape has Root―rot disease, white root rot, root knot, grape root-knot nematode etc..These root diseases,
There are problems that cost accounting is high, do not allow.It is main using the anti-grape disease of chemical measure in production, but easily make
Pathogen develops immunity to drugs, pathogen Strain differentiation, residues of pesticides the problems such as；With the growth of caraway, volatile materials increases,
Grape pest and disease damage to be had significantly suppress or repellent action, interplants the implantation methods of caraway using grape, not only makes full use of soil
Earth resource, contains weed growth, reduces water soil nutrient loss；And caraway suppression, the effect of repellent pest and disease damage can be played, reduce disease pest
Harmful generation；Can also utilize grape with caraway to the significantly different of soil nutrient demand, realize that nutrient is mutual between grape and caraway
Mend, improve caraway seedling transplanting survival rate and promote grape growth.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows：A kind of method of grape interplanting caraway of the present invention has natural nuisance-free, low cost
Income is high, pest and disease damage incidence is low, it is economical and practical, meet growth rhythm, the advantages of, growth characteristics energy of the method using caraway
Grape root disease is enough prevented and treated, the cost that a large amount of prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control are produced can be saved, and caraway and grape can be more preferably reasonable
Soil resource is utilized, increasing both production and income improves grape quality, and the usage amount of agricultural chemicals can be greatly reduced, has
Effect also protects land resource, the implantation methods of this grape caraway interplanting to substantially reduce agriculture while make use of land resource
The amount of application of medicine, significantly decreases cost, increases farmers' income.
Specific embodiment
A kind of method that grape interplants caraway, comprises the following steps：
（1）Vineyard selects：Select the age of tree vineyard of more than 2 years；
（2）Site preparation：35cm is ploughed deeply in plot in vineyard by lunar calendar September, using clarification limewash sprinkling soil surface, with soil table
All moistening is defined layer, then applications of farmyard manure, uniformly spreads fertilizer over the fields in soil surface, then ploughs deeply 20cm, Soil and Fertilizer is fully mixed
It is even, after then drying 1 month, then the 12cm that ploughs shallowly, mass concentration is adopted for 0.05% sodium chloride solution spray soil surface, with
All moistening is defined upper soll layer, leveling earth；
（3）Caraway nursery
A. seedling medium：From sandy loam, plant ash, fertile soil, corn stigma, corncob as seedling medium；
B. Seed Treatment：Mass concentration is adopted before sowing to soak seed 10 hours at 38 DEG C for 0.12% sodium chloride solution, Ran Hou
Vernalization under the conditions of 25 DEG C, is stirred 2 times daily, per 6 hours of minor tick, sprays mass concentration immediately for 0.01% after stirring every time
Sodium chloride solution, sodium chloride solution sprinkling quality and Semen Coriandri mass ratio are 1:10, more than 88% seed is sowed after showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally；
C. sow and manage
Sowing the previous day mass concentration is that seedling medium is fully irrigated by 0.02% sodium chloride solution, seed uniform broadcasting
On seedling medium surface, earthing 0.05cm, then the pine needle of lid thick layer 0.5cm；After broadcasting, day temperature control at 20 DEG C, air
Relative humidity is maintained at 50%, and nocturnal temperature is controlled at 10 DEG C, and relative air humidity is maintained at 40%, and rough leaf appears seedling
When, the sodium chloride solution that mass concentration is 0.03% is sprayed, is sprayed by the amount of every mu of 15kg, and give 260lux intensities of illumination photograph
Penetrate, continue 1h；
（4）Seedling replanting
During the lunar calendar October, the caraway seedling for cultivating is transplanted to whole vineyard well, kept original grape
Garden plant, away from constant, caraway routinely strain, line-spacing interplanting, vine is 20cm with the line-spacing of garlic；
（5）Field management
Thin farm manure is applied during caraway height of seedling 4cm, is applied within 2 weeks 1 time, company applies 3 times；During seedling length up to 10cm, night is sprayed to caraway
Mass concentration is 0.06% sodium chloride solution, is sprayed by the amount of every mu of 15kg, while spraying a mass concentration to grape
For 0.08% sodium chloride solution, spray by the amount of every mu of 18kg, while the illumination of 480lux is given to caraway and grape.
Step（3）Middle sandy loam, plant ash, fertile soil, corn stigma, corncob press its mass ratio 10:2:2:0.2:0.5
Ratio is mixed and made into seedling medium, and corncob is milled into fines from corncob then.
The caraway with grape of the present invention interplanting is individually planted in contrast using common caraway, counts caraway planting survival rates：
Table 1：
| Planting survival rates % | |
| The present invention | 99 |
| Common caraway is individually planted | 90 |
It can be seen from Table 1 that, the caraway germination percentage and planting survival rates interplanted using grape of the present invention is substantially increased.
The Semen Coriandri germination percentage that contrast Semen Coriandri of the present invention is cultivated with commonsense method：
Table 2：
| Germination percentage % | |
| The present invention | 98.4 |
| Common Semen Coriandri germination percentage | 88.9 |
| Comparative example 1 | 95.2 |
| Comparative example 2 | 95.0 |
Wherein, comparative example 1 is：By the seedling medium in caraway nursery of the present invention only with sandy loam, plant ash, fertile soil, matter
Amount is than constant；
Comparative example 2 is：By during Seed Treatment vernalization in caraway nursery of the present invention, will sprinkling sodium chloride solution to replace with sprinkling clear
Water, fountain height are constant；
It can be seen from Table 2 that, the Semen Coriandri germination percentage that the present invention is cultivated is higher.
Also, inventor is verified by lot of experiments, after grape interplanting caraway of the present invention, compared to individually plantation grape,
Grape improves 13.6% per per mu yield, and pest and disease damage incidence reduces 60%, compared to individually plantation caraway, caraway output increased
10.8%, pest and disease damage incidence reduces 10%；Thus, it can be seen that, after grape interplanting caraway of the present invention, both can all mutually promote
Volume increase.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of method that grape interplants caraway, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
（1）Vineyard selects：Select the age of tree vineyard of more than 2 years；
（2）Site preparation：35cm is ploughed deeply in plot in vineyard by lunar calendar September, using clarification limewash sprinkling soil surface, with soil table
All moistening is defined layer, then applications of farmyard manure, uniformly spreads fertilizer over the fields in soil surface, then ploughs deeply 20cm, Soil and Fertilizer is fully mixed
It is even, after then drying 1 month, then the 12cm that ploughs shallowly, mass concentration is adopted for 0.05% sodium chloride solution spray soil surface, with
All moistening is defined upper soll layer, leveling earth；
（3）Caraway nursery：
A. seedling medium：From sandy loam, plant ash, fertile soil, corn stigma, corncob as seedling medium；
B. Seed Treatment：Mass concentration is adopted before sowing to soak seed 10 hours at 38 DEG C for 0.12% sodium chloride solution, Ran Hou
Vernalization under the conditions of 25 DEG C, is stirred 2 times daily, per 6 hours of minor tick, sprays mass concentration immediately for 0.01% after stirring every time
Sodium chloride solution, sodium chloride solution sprinkling quality and Semen Coriandri mass ratio are 1:10, more than 88% seed is sowed after showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally；
C. sow and manage：
Sowing the previous day mass concentration is that seedling medium is fully irrigated by 0.02% sodium chloride solution, seed uniform broadcasting
On seedling medium surface, earthing 0.05cm, then the pine needle of lid thick layer 0.5cm；After broadcasting, day temperature control at 20 DEG C, air
Relative humidity is maintained at 50%, and nocturnal temperature is controlled at 10 DEG C, and relative air humidity is maintained at 40%, and rough leaf appears seedling
When, the sodium chloride solution that mass concentration is 0.03% is sprayed, is sprayed by the amount of every mu of 15kg, and give 260lux intensities of illumination photograph
Penetrate, continue 1h；
（4）Seedling replanting：
During the lunar calendar October, the caraway seedling for cultivating is transplanted to whole vineyard well, kept original grape
Garden plant, away from constant, caraway routinely strain, line-spacing interplanting, vine is 20cm with the line-spacing of garlic；
（5）Field management：
Thin farm manure is applied during caraway height of seedling 4cm, is applied within 2 weeks 1 time, company applies 3 times；During seedling length up to 10cm, night is sprayed to caraway
Mass concentration is 0.06% sodium chloride solution, is sprayed by the amount of every mu of 15kg, while spraying a mass concentration to grape
For 0.08% sodium chloride solution, spray by the amount of every mu of 18kg, while the illumination of 480lux is given to caraway and grape.
2. the method that a kind of grape according to claim 1 interplants caraway, it is characterised in that the step（3）Middle sandy loam
Soil, plant ash, fertile soil, corn stigma, corncob press its mass ratio 10:2:2:0.2:0.5 ratio is mixed and made into seedling medium,
Corncob is milled into fines from corncob then.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107494121A (en) * | 2017-08-28 | 2017-12-22 | 贵州福生源生态农业开发有限公司 | A kind of gleditsia sinensis seed artificial raise seedling method |
| CN107980471A (en) * | 2017-12-11 | 2018-05-04 | 湖北科技学院 | A kind of interplanting method of Patrinia villosa Juss and grape |
| CN108040795A (en) * | 2017-12-14 | 2018-05-18 | 万颖 | A kind of implantation methods of grape intercrop soybean |
| CN109006262A (en) * | 2018-10-08 | 2018-12-18 | 中国农业大学 | A kind of novel Orchard mulch plant and its application |
| CN110463566A (en) * | 2019-09-05 | 2019-11-19 | 莘县益农育苗基质有限公司 | A kind of organic substrate and preparation method thereof for vegetables nursery |
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