CN106501144B - A kind of tight sand calculation of permeability based on the double cutoff values of nuclear magnetic resonance - Google Patents
A kind of tight sand calculation of permeability based on the double cutoff values of nuclear magnetic resonance Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 84
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 88
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000010606 normalization Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000005311 nuclear magnetism Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008398 formation water Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000205 computational method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000280 densification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011545 laboratory measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000002569 neuron Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009774 resonance method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009738 saturating Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N24/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of nuclear magnetic resonance, electron paramagnetic resonance or other spin effects
- G01N24/08—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of nuclear magnetic resonance, electron paramagnetic resonance or other spin effects by using nuclear magnetic resonance
- G01N24/081—Making measurements of geologic samples, e.g. measurements of moisture, pH, porosity, permeability, tortuosity or viscosity
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
- Y02A90/30—Assessment of water resources
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of tight sand calculation of permeabilities based on the double cutoff values of nuclear magnetic resonance, by measuring nuclear magnetic resonance attenuation curve of the tight sand under completely aqueous and constraint water state, by their invertings at T2Spectrum compares the nuclear magnetic resonance T under two states2Spectrum, determines the nuclear magnetic resonance cutoff value of absolute moveable water and absolute immobile water.On this basis, the absolutely movable water content of analysis, absolute immobile water content and permeability relationship, establish the penetration rate model based on the double cutoff values of nuclear magnetic resonance.The present invention has fully considered contribution of the different aperture component to seepage flow, improves the Permeability Prediction precision of tight sand.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to geophysical log fields, and in particular, to a kind of densification based on the double cutoff values of nuclear magnetic resonance
Permeability of Sandstone computational methods.
Background technology
Nuclear magnetic resonance technique has been widely used to geophysics and the every field of geological research, has become since development
Reservoir micropore structure, the important method of fluid properties transitivity parameter are characterized, is obtained in conventional reservoir evaluation preferable
Application effect.
Key parameter of the permeability as evaluating reservoir plays very important effect in exploration of oil and gas field with exploitation.
It is based primarily upon Timur-Coates formula and SDR models with the method that nuclear magnetic resonance logging data calculates permeability at present, passes through selection
Nuclear magnetic resonance T2Cutoff value separates movable fluid and constraint fluid, and then seeks permeability.However, these methods are in fine and close sand
Calculating effect is poor in rock stratum, and computing permeability precision is low.Domestic and foreign scholars establish comprehensive on the basis of many experiments are analyzed
The penetration rate model of the data such as synkaryon magnetic resonance, capillary pressure improves the computing permeability of tight sand to a certain extent
Precision.However, these methods excessively depend on rock physics data, institute's established model has apparent regionality, it is difficult to extend to
Other blocks.Further, since the distribution of pores that is obtained with nuclear magnetic resonance of the obtained throat distribution of capillary pressure is there are essential distinction,
There is also larger theoretical defects for existing improved model.
To overcome existing magnetic nuclear resonance method in the defects of tight sand computing permeability, it is highly desirable to be directed to nuclear-magnetism
Resonance data is analysed in depth, and new calculation model of permeability is released, and meets what tight sandstone reservoir permeability finely characterized
It needs.
Invention content
Based on above-mentioned technical problem, the present invention provides a kind of tight sand permeameter based on the double cutoff values of nuclear magnetic resonance
Calculation method.
The adopted technical solution is that：
A kind of tight sand calculation of permeability based on the double cutoff values of nuclear magnetic resonance, includes the following steps：
A rock cores are drilled through, are cut, polishing, washing oil, the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, drying pretreatment；
B rock core basic parameters measure
Rock core after drying is obtained the length of rock core, diameter and dry by b1 with vernier caliper and electronic balance measurement respectively
Weight；
Rock core after having measured length, diameter and dry weight is put into hole and oozes combined measuring instrument by b2, and rock core is obtained with helium method measurement
Porosity and permeability；
C rock cores saturation, centrifugation and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Measurement
C1 will survey the rock core that hole is oozed and be put into high pressure saturation instrument, and prepared formation water is injected under confining pressure, until
The hole of rock core is saturated by water flooding completely；
C2 takes out the rock core of fully saturated water flooding from saturation instrument, is put into measurement nuclear magnetic resonance in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and declines
Subtract curve and inverting obtains the nuclear magnetic resonance T under complete saturation state2Spectrum, and by T2Spectrum is normalized；
Rock core is put into high speed freezing centrifuge by c3, and setting centrifuge speed, centrifugation time will be movable in rock core hole
Fluid is discharged；It obtains fettering with nuclear magnetic resonance attenuation curve inverting of the Nuclear Magnetic Resonance measurement rock core in the case where fettering water state watery
Nuclear magnetic resonance T under state2Spectrum, and by T2Spectrum is normalized；
Nuclear magnetic resonance Ts of the d by rock core under complete saturation state and constraint water state after normalization2Spectrum is plotted to a figure
On, abscissa is logarithmic coordinates, and ordinate is linear coordinate；
E from left to right, finds the nuclear magnetic resonance T after rock core normalizes under complete saturation state and constraint water state2Spectrum
The point being initially separated, corresponding abscissa are the first nuclear magnetic resonance cutoff value T2Cutoff1, by the complete water-bearing rock after normalization
The nuclear magnetic resonance T of the heart2It is less than T in spectrum2Cutoff1Part be known as absolute immobile water, occupied area is known as absolute immobile water and contains
Measure Swir；
F from right to left, finds the nuclear magnetic resonance T after rock core is normalized in the case where fettering water state2Ordinate is not zero in spectrum
First point, corresponding abscissa be the second nuclear magnetic resonance cutoff value T2Cutoff2, by the complete aqueous rock core after normalization
Nuclear magnetic resonance T2It is more than T in spectrum2Cutoff2Part be known as absolute moveable water, occupied area is known as absolutely movable water content Swm；
G calculates complete water-bearing rock in the heart in the core between the first nuclear magnetic resonance cutoff value and the second nuclear magnetic resonance cutoff value
Magnetic resonance T2The geometrical mean of spectrum, such as following formula：
In formula (1)：T2gFor geometrical mean；M is nuclear magnetic resonance T corresponding to the first cutoff value2The subscript of abscissa in spectrum；
N is nuclear magnetic resonance T corresponding to the second cutoff value2The subscript of abscissa in spectrum；T2iTo be in the first cutoff value and the second cutoff value
Between lateral relaxation time, pi be lateral relaxation time T2iCorresponding ordinate；
H establishes the computing permeability formula of tight sand, such as following formula：
In formula (2)：K is permeability；φ is porosity；Swir is absolute immobile water content；Swm is that absolute moveable water contains
Amount；T2gFor geometrical mean；A, b, c, d and e are model parameter, are adjusted according to different survey regions.
Preferably, the step a specifically presses following operation and carries out：
A1 takes out rock core from drill, selected depth, and rock core is drilled through using deep hole drilling machine, is cut to a diameter of
2.54cm, length are the plunger sample of 3-5cm, are polished core intersection with Plane surface grinding machine；
The plunger rock core that cutting has been polished is put into high temperature and pressure oil cleaning apparatus by a2, will be residual in rock core using organic solvent
Excess oil and mud wash away；
Rock core after washing oil is put into crucible by a3, and distilled water is added repeatedly and boils, the residual salt in rock core is washed away；
Rock core after the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching is put into constant temperature constant humidity baking oven by a4, and temperature is risen to 95 DEG C, by rock core hollow billet irreducible water,
Movable water evaporation.
Preferably, in step c1, the confining pressure is 30MPa.
The method have the benefit that：
The present invention has abandoned calculates the limitation of permeability by single cutoff value in the past, passes through first cutoff value and the
Two cutoff values to the content of absolute immobile water and absolute moveable water accurately define, and pass through T2Geometrical mean is to being in
Nuclear magnetic resonance information in first cutoff value and the second cutoff value section is concluded, using the method for Multiple non-linear
Penetration rate model is established, has fully considered contribution of the different aperture component to fluid neuron network, to realize tight sand infiltration
Rate accurately calculates.
Description of the drawings
The invention will be further described with specific implementation mode below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings：
Fig. 1 is a kind of stream of tight sand calculation of permeability based on the double cutoff values of nuclear magnetic resonance provided by the invention
Cheng Tu；
Fig. 2 is the rock sample nuclear magnetic resonance T under saturation state and apocarpy respectively2Spectral structure figure；Is shown in figure
One cutoff value and the second cutoff value；
Fig. 3 is the Comparative result schematic diagram for carrying out computing permeability to certain block rock sample using method provided by the invention.
Specific implementation mode
The present invention establishes a kind of tight sand calculation of permeability based on the double cutoff values of nuclear magnetic resonance, is caused by measuring
Nuclear magnetic resonance attenuation curve of the close sandstone under completely aqueous and constraint water state, by their invertings at T2Spectrum.Compare two kinds of shapes
Nuclear magnetic resonance T under state2Form is composed, determines the nuclear magnetic resonance cutoff value of absolute moveable water and absolute immobile water.It is basic herein
On, analyze absolutely movable water content, absolute immobile water content and permeability relationship, and then establish and cut based on nuclear magnetic resonance is double
The penetration rate model being only worth improves tight sand Permeability Prediction precision.
A kind of tight sand calculation of permeability based on the double cutoff values of nuclear magnetic resonance, specifically includes following steps：
The pretreatments such as 1.1 rock cores drill through, cut, polishing, washing oil, the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, drying
1.1.1 rock core is taken out, selected depth from drill, rock core is drilled through using deep hole drilling machine, be cut to straight
Diameter is 2.54cm, and the plunger sample that length is about 3-5cm is polished core intersection with Plane surface grinding machine；
1.1.2 the plunger rock core that cutting has been polished is put into high temperature and pressure oil cleaning apparatus, it will be in rock core using organic solvent
Residual oil and mud wash away；
1.1.3 the rock core after washing oil is put into crucible, distilled water is added repeatedly and boils, the residual salt in rock core is washed
It goes；
1.1.4 the sample after the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching is put into constant temperature constant humidity baking oven, temperature is risen to 95 DEG C, the hollow billet in rock core is fettered
Water, movable water evaporation.
1.2 rock core basic parameters measure
1.2.1 by the rock core after drying respectively with vernier caliper and electronic balance measurement obtain the length of rock core, diameter and
Dry weight；
1.2.2 it the rock core after rock core length, diameter and dry weight will have been measured is put into hole and oozed combined measuring instrument, measured with helium method
To the porosity and permeability of rock core.
1.3 rock cores saturation, centrifugation and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Measurement
1.3.1 the rock core that hole is oozed will have been surveyed and be put into high pressure saturation instrument, prepared water flooding is injected under the confining pressure of 30MPa
Solution, until the hole of rock core is saturated by water flooding completely；
1.3.2 the rock of fully saturated water flooding is taken out from saturation instrument, it is total is put into measurement nuclear-magnetism in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
Shake attenuation curve and nuclear magnetic resonance T when inverting obtains completely aqueous2Spectrum, and by T2Spectrum is normalized；
1.3.3 rock core is taken out from Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, is put into high speed freezing centrifuge, setting centrifuge speed, centrifugation
Movable fluid in blowhole is discharged the parameters such as time；Core of the rock in the case where fettering water state is measured with Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
Nuclear magnetic resonance T when magnetic resonance attenuation curve and inverting are obtained containing irreducible water2Spectrum, and by T2Spectrum is normalized.
The 1.4 nuclear magnetic resonance T by rock under complete saturation state and constraint water state after normalization2Spectrum is plotted to one
On figure, abscissa is logarithmic coordinates, and ordinate is linear coordinate.
1.5 from left to right, finds the nuclear magnetic resonance T after rock normalizes under complete saturation state and constraint water state2
The point being initially separated is composed, corresponding abscissa is the first nuclear magnetic resonance cutoff value T2Cutoff1, complete waterstone nuclear-magnetism is total to
Shake T2It is less than T in spectrum2Cutoff1Part be known as absolute immobile water, occupied area is known as absolute immobile water content Swir.
1.6 from right to left, finds the nuclear magnetic resonance T after rock is normalized in the case where fettering water state2Ordinate is not in spectrum
Zero first point, corresponding abscissa are known as the second nuclear magnetic resonance cutoff value T2Cutoff2, will be complete aqueous after normalization
The nuclear magnetic resonance T of rock2It is more than T in spectrum2Cutoff2Part be known as absolute moveable water, occupied area is known as absolutely movable water content
Swm。
1.7 calculate in complete waterstone in the first cutoff value (T2Cutoff1) and the second cutoff value (T2Cutoff2) between
Nuclear magnetic resonance T2The geometrical mean of spectrum, such as following formula：
In formula (1)：T2gFor geometrical mean；M is nuclear magnetic resonance T corresponding to the first cutoff value2The subscript of abscissa in spectrum；
N is nuclear magnetic resonance T corresponding to the second cutoff value2The subscript of abscissa in spectrum；T2iTo be in the first cutoff value and the second cutoff value
Between lateral relaxation time, pi be lateral relaxation time T2iCorresponding ordinate.
1.8 establish the computing permeability formula of tight sand, such as following formula：
In formula (2)：K is permeability；φ is porosity；Swir is absolute immobile water content；Swm is that absolute moveable water contains
Amount；T2gFor geometrical mean；A, b, c, d and e are model parameter, can be adjusted according to different survey regions.
Fig. 1 is a kind of techniqueflow chart of the tight sand calculation of permeability based on the double cutoff values of nuclear magnetic resonance, main
To be drilled through including rock core, cut, polish, washing oil, the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, the pretreatments such as drying；Rock core length, dry weight, porosity, is oozed diameter
The basic parameters such as saturating rate measure；Rock core saturation, centrifugation and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Measurement and data preparation；Based on the double cutoff values of nuclear magnetic resonance
Four parts such as tight sand permeability are calculated, this four parts are indispensable, and sequence can not overturn.
Fig. 2 is the rock sample nuclear magnetic resonance T under saturation state and apocarpy respectively2Spectral structure figure and the first cutoff value
With the second cutoff value schematic diagram.First cutoff value T2Cutoff1For the nuclear-magnetism after normalization under complete saturation state and constraint water state
Resonate T2Compose the point being initially separated, T2Cutoff2For the nuclear magnetic resonance T after normalization under constraint water state2Ordinate is not zero in spectrum
First point.
Fig. 3 is the Comparative result schematic diagram for carrying out computing permeability to certain block rock sample using method provided by the invention.
The air permeability mean absolute error that the permeability and laboratory measurement being calculated using method provided by the invention obtain
It is 5.09%, average relative error 26.44%, related coefficient 91.34% achieves preferable effect.
It takes or uses for reference prior art and can be realized in the part that do not addressed in aforesaid way.
It should be noted that under the introduction of this specification, any equivalent substitute side that those skilled in the art are made
Formula or obvious variant, should all be within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of tight sand calculation of permeability based on the double cutoff values of nuclear magnetic resonance, it is characterised in that including following step
Suddenly：
(a) rock core is drilled through, is cut, polishing, washing oil, the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, drying pretreatment；
(b) rock core basic parameter measures
Rock core after drying is obtained the length and diameter of rock core by b1 with vernier caliper measurement, and rock core is obtained with electronics balance measurement
Dry weight；
Rock core after having measured length, diameter and dry weight is put into hole and oozes combined measuring instrument by b2, and the hole of rock core is obtained with helium method measurement
Porosity and permeability；
(c) rock core saturation, centrifugation and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Measurement
C1 will survey the rock core that hole is oozed and be put into high pressure saturation instrument, prepared formation water be injected under confining pressure, until rock core
Hole be saturated completely by water flooding；
C2 takes out the rock core of fully saturated water flooding from saturation instrument, is put into Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and measures nuclear magnetic resonance decaying song
Simultaneously inverting obtains the nuclear magnetic resonance T under complete saturation state to line2Spectrum, and by T2Spectrum is normalized；
Rock core is put into high speed freezing centrifuge, setting centrifuge speed, centrifugation time, by the movable fluid in rock core hole by c3
Discharge；Rock core is measured with Nuclear Magnetic Resonance to obtain under constraint water state in the nuclear magnetic resonance attenuation curve inverting under fettering water state
Nuclear magnetic resonance T2Spectrum, and by T2Spectrum is normalized；
(d) the nuclear magnetic resonance T after normalizing rock core under complete saturation state and constraint water state2Spectrum is plotted on a figure,
Abscissa is logarithmic coordinates, and ordinate is linear coordinate；
(e) from left to right, the nuclear magnetic resonance T after rock core normalizes under complete saturation state and constraint water state is found2Spectrum starts
The point of separation, corresponding abscissa are the first nuclear magnetic resonance cutoff value T2Cutoff1, by the complete aqueous rock core after normalization
Nuclear magnetic resonance T2It is less than T in spectrum2Cutoff1Part be known as absolute immobile water, occupied area is known as absolute immobile water content
Swir；
(f) from right to left, the nuclear magnetic resonance T after rock core is normalized in the case where fettering water state is found2Ordinate is not zero in spectrum
One point, corresponding abscissa are the second nuclear magnetic resonance cutoff value T2Cutoff2, by the core of the complete aqueous rock core after normalization
Magnetic resonance T2It is more than T in spectrum2Cutoff2Part be known as absolute moveable water, occupied area is known as absolutely movable water content Swm；
(g) complete water-bearing rock is calculated in the heart in the nuclear-magnetism between the first nuclear magnetic resonance cutoff value and the second nuclear magnetic resonance cutoff value
Resonate T2The geometrical mean of spectrum, such as following formula：
In formula (1)：T2gFor geometrical mean；M is nuclear magnetic resonance T corresponding to the first nuclear magnetic resonance cutoff value2Abscissa in spectrum
Subscript；N is nuclear magnetic resonance T corresponding to the second nuclear magnetic resonance cutoff value2The subscript of abscissa in spectrum；T2iIt is total to be in the first nuclear-magnetism
The lateral relaxation time to shake between cutoff value and the second nuclear magnetic resonance cutoff value, pi are lateral relaxation time T2iCorresponding vertical seat
Mark；
(h) the computing permeability formula of tight sand, such as following formula are established：
In formula (2)：K is permeability；φ is porosity；SwirFor absolute immobile water content；SwmFor absolute movable water content；T2g
For geometrical mean；A, b, c, d and e are model parameter, are adjusted according to different survey regions.
2. a kind of tight sand calculation of permeability based on the double cutoff values of nuclear magnetic resonance according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that, the step a specifically presses following operation and carries out：
A1 takes out rock core from drill, selected depth, and rock core is drilled through using deep hole drilling machine, is cut to a diameter of
2.54cm, length are the plunger sample of 3-5cm, are polished core intersection with Plane surface grinding machine；
The plunger rock core polished of cutting is put into high temperature and pressure oil cleaning apparatus by a2, using organic solvent by the residual oil in rock core
It is washed away with mud；
Rock core after washing oil is put into crucible by a3, and distilled water is added repeatedly and boils, the residual salt in rock core is washed away；
Rock core after the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching is put into constant temperature constant humidity baking oven by a4, and temperature is risen to 95 DEG C, by the hollow billet irreducible water, movable in rock core
Water evaporation.
3. a kind of tight sand calculation of permeability based on the double cutoff values of nuclear magnetic resonance according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that, in step c1, the confining pressure is 30MPa.
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