CN106470675A - 严重高甘油三酯血症的治疗 - Google Patents
严重高甘油三酯血症的治疗 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
通过采用单独地或者与贝特、烟酸、和ω‑3脂肪酸的一种或多种联合地MBX‑8025或MBX‑8025盐的疗法,可选地伴随采集术,用于治疗严重高甘油三酯血症,如I型或V型高脂蛋白血症。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及严重高甘油三酯血症(severe hypertriglyceridemia)的治疗。
背景技术
严重高甘油三酯血症
异常脂肪血症(Dyslipidemia)是在血液中存在异常量的脂质(例如胆固醇和/或脂肪)。在发达国家中,大多数异常脂肪血症是高脂血症(hyperlipidemia),即,在血液中脂质/脂蛋白的上升--术语高脂血症经常用来包括高脂蛋白血症。高脂血症包括高胆固醇血症(hypercholesterolemia)(升高的胆固醇)和高甘油酯血症(hyperglyceridemia)(升高的甘油酯),其中高甘油三酯血症(HTG,升高的甘油三酯(TG))作为高甘油酯血症的子集。Berglund et al.,“Evaluation and Treatment of Hypertriglyceridemia:AnEndocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline”,J.Clin.Endocrinol.Metab.,97(9),2969-2989(2012)将严重高甘油三酯血症(SHTG)定义为指大于1000mg/dL的血清TG水平,以及将非常严重高甘油三酯血症定义为指>2000mg/dL的血清TG水平。然而,“ThirdReport of the National Cholesterol Education Program(NCEP)Expert Panel onDetection,Evaluation,and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults(AdultTreatment Panel III)Final Report”,Circulation,106,3143-3422(2002)(NCEP ATPIII)将>500mg/dL的血清TG水平定义为“非常高”,以及在处方ω-3脂肪酸的开发中此值已经被用来有效地定义SHTG;例如,EPANOVA、LOVAZA、和VASCEPA,作为饮食的辅助剂,均适用于在患有“严重(≥500mg/dL)高甘油三酯血症”的成年患者中降低TG水平。
高甘油三酯血症可以起因于以下一种或两种:基于遗传的疾病(原发性疾病)和由其它疾病引起的疾病(继发性疾病)。按照Ewald et al.,“Treatment options for severehypertriglyceridemia(SHTG):the role of apheresis”,Clin.Res.Cardiol.Suppl.,7,31-35(2012),遗传良好表征类型的SHTG是与家族性脂蛋白脂酶(LPL)缺乏和家族性载脂蛋白C-II缺乏关联那些,其通常在婴儿期存在为乳糜微粒血症综合征(chylomicronemiasyndrome),其在非常早期的童年引起SHTG。在成年中,SHTG通常与非常高的空腹水平的乳糜微粒(chylomicron)和非常低密度脂蛋白(VLDL)关联,其两者均作为大量TG的载体,以及可能是结合(compound)有环境和生活方式因素的多基因来源。Gotanda et al.,“Diagnosis and Management of Type I and Type V Hyperlipoproteinemia”,J.Atheroscler.Thromb.,19,1-12(2012)陈述了,按照高脂蛋白血症的WHO(Frederickson)分类,I型高脂蛋白血症的特征在于单独乳糜微粒的增加,表明最严重的HTG,并且分类地表示为家族性LPL缺乏和载脂蛋白C-II缺乏;而V型高脂蛋白血症的特征在于乳糜微粒和VLDL的增加。I型高脂蛋白血症,还被称为家族性乳糜微粒综合征(FCS),的特征在于在过夜禁食以后血浆TG的显著上升,并且来自未能从循环适当代谢和清除乳糜微粒。在FCS中的最常见的缺陷是LPL的缺乏,该缺乏来自基因突变,其产生在LPL基因中的功能丧失。在LPL缺乏中,HTG的严重性与摄入脂肪的量相关。在大多数患者中,在童年中按照与胰腺炎和出疹性黄瘤(eruptive xanthomas)的存在关联的腹痛的反复发作来诊断上述疾病。V型高脂蛋白血症的特征在于在LPL系统中的通常未定义缺陷,以及临床表现类似于I型的临床表现,不同之处在于,V型始终存在于成年期。V型还与许多异常关联,其已知使患者更易受心血管疾病的影响,而I型则不是。存在SHTG的许多次要原因,包括肥胖、未治疗的糖尿病、酒精过量消耗、妊娠,和一些药物的使用,而多个次要原因与胰岛素反应性异常关联。
众所周知的是,SHTG与心血管疾病和急性胰腺炎关联。超过65年前首先假设TG在促进心血管疾病中的作用,以及,按照Ewald et al.,关于SHTG的最近的数据已在TG水平和心血管风险之间建立起一致性地强有力的关系。按照Ewald et al.and Pejic et al,“Hypertriglyceridemia”,J.Am.Bd.Fam.Med.,19,310-316(2006),很好地建立了SHTG在急性胰腺炎中的作用,以及文献将SHTG描述为在胆石和酒之后的第三最常见的急性胰腺炎的原因。已报告SHTG占急性胰腺炎所有发作的最多达10%,以及关于妊娠胰腺炎的一些研究甚至将SHTG报告为在超过一半的所有病例中的潜在病因;同时甚至有一些证据表明,高甘油三酯血症胰腺炎与较高严重性和较高并发症发生率关联。一般认为,高于10mM(886mg/dL)或1000mg/dL的TG水平(基于他们常规用来测量TG水平的单位,不同国家的医生引用略有不同的值)可能触发急性胰腺炎和它的并发症,以及高于20mM(1772mg/dL)或2000mg/dL的TG水平与最大的风险关联,但阈值是有点任意的并且高于其可能发生急性胰腺炎的水平是未知的,因此,在防止对SHTG患者的严重伤害中,将非常高的血清TG水平快速降低至少至小于1000mg/dL,以及优选低于10mM,是首要医疗目标。
用于严重高甘油三酯血症的治疗
在SHTG的管理中,生活方式的改变和饮食调整是基本特征:适当的营养(降低膳食脂肪和简单糖)、避免饮酒、减体重、运动、潜在的伴随内分泌病(例如糖尿病)的控制、以及避免具有高甘油三酯血症副作用的药物,是至关重要的。其它治疗,如药物治疗和采集术(apheresis),通常是这些生活方式的改变和饮食调整的辅助方法;因此在本申请中披露和要求保护的类型的一般治疗中将适用于已经采用这些生活方式的改变和饮食调整的人,并且将不会进一步明确提及这样的改变/调整。
用于高甘油三酯血症和SHTG的三种常见药物治疗是贝特(fibrate)、烟酸、和ω-3脂肪酸。
贝特是纤维酸(fibric acid)(2-甲基-2-苯氧基丙酸)的衍生物并且是高甘油三酯血症治疗的支柱。它们是过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体-α(peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor-α)(PPARα)的激动剂,会增加LPL的活性,其引起TG水平的降低。按照Berglund et al.and Yuan et al.,“Hypertriglyceridemia:its etiology,effects andtreatment”,Can.Med.Assoc.J.,176(8),1113-1120(2007),贝特会提高高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C),并且它们可能增加低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C),尤其是如果TG水平超过400mg/dL,从而增加LDL-C颗粒的尺寸和降低其密度。临床上使用5种贝特:三种在美国可获得:吉非贝齐(gemfibrozil)、非诺贝特(fenofibrate)、和胆碱非诺贝特(cholinefenofibrate)(非诺贝酸(fenofibric acid)的胆碱盐);其它两种试剂,苯扎贝特(bezafibrate)和环丙贝特(ciprofibrate),在欧洲和其他地方可获得,但目前在US不可获得。以前使用氯贝特(clofibrate),但数年前考虑到副作用而被撤消。贝特可以降低血清TG水平最高达50%,虽然存在TG降低的缓慢开始。贝特在降低心血管疾病结果方面的有效性值得关注:虽然早期研究表明,贝特降低心血管事件发生率(例如,在具有高TG和低HDL-C读数的男人中,吉非贝齐导致统计学上显著的益处),但在2007年的FIELD研究报告,在糖尿病患者中的血浆TG、LDL-C、和HDL-C水平有利地响应非诺贝特治疗,但心血管疾病的主要终点(primary endpoint)的减小(16%)不是统计上显著的,虽然二级和三级结果(secondaryand tertiary outcome)均有显著改善。贝特疗法通常是良好耐受的,并具有肝炎或肌炎的罕见报告。
在1955年,烟酸(niacin)(烟酸(nicotinic acid),吡啶-3-羧酸,维生素B3)首先被描述为具有降脂特性。按照Berglund et al.和Yuan et al.,高剂量烟酸(至少1500mg/天)会降低TG水平至少40%,虽然,如同贝特一样,存在TG降低的缓慢开始;以及烟酸还可能提高HDL-C水平40%或更大。烟酸还可靠地和显著地降低LDL-C水平,而其它主要降TG药物则不会。在冠状动脉药物项目(Coronary Drug Project)中,与安慰剂相比,烟酸减少冠状动脉事件。烟酸具有多重不利影响,最糟糕的是肝炎。然而,在1.5-2g/d的剂量下,并发症是不寻常的。持续释放烟酸比立即释放烟酸更具肝毒性,但是耐受性更好。潮红、瘙痒、和疹(rash)是预期的不良反应,对于长效制剂(long-acting formulation)来说,其是较少常见的。这些症状是烦恼,并且负面地影响依从性,但不是危及生命的并且可以通过开始低剂量并慢慢增加来最小化。已报告,从立即释放烟酸切换到等剂量的定时释放制剂会引起严重肝毒性。如果将烟酸开处方给2型糖尿病患者,则应仔细监测葡萄糖控制,因为可能发生抗胰岛素性的适度增加。此外,通过阻断其排泄,烟酸可以增加尿酸的血液水平,并且可能诱发(precipitate)或加重痛风。
ω-3脂肪酸(O3FA,还被称为ω-3脂肪酸或n-3脂肪酸)是多不饱和脂肪酸,其在从碳链(在羧基对面)的末端在第三碳原子处具有双键。参与人体生理学的三种类型的O3FA是α-亚麻酸(ALA,发现于植物油中)、二十碳五烯酸(eicosapentaenoic acid)(EPA)、和二十二碳六烯酸(docosahexaenoic acid)(DHA),后两者均通常在海洋油中发现。动物ω-3EPA和DHA脂肪酸的常见来源包括鱼油(通常来自多脂鱼如凤尾鱼(anchovy)、马鲛鱼(mackerel)、和沙丁鱼(sardine))、卵油、鱿鱼油(squid oil)和磷虾油(krill oil)。按照美国国家卫生研究院的在线信息“Omega-3Fatty acids and Health:Fact Sheet forHealth Professionals”(http://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Omega3FattyAcidsandHealth-HealthProfessio nal/),O3FA是必需脂肪酸,即,不可由人体合成的,虽然人类具有有限的将ALA转换成EPA的能力以及甚至更加有限的将EPA转换成DHA的能力。此外,按照情况说明书(Fact Sheet),其来自在2004年和2005年的123篇文章的综述,强有力的证据表明,鱼油补充剂对甘油三酯具有实质性和有益的效果,在鱼油的更大的摄入量的情况下,其是更大的;大多数研究报告了约10-33%的净减少。增加O3FA的消费被认为是治疗高甘油三酯血症的标准部分。除含有O3FA的非处方补充剂(over-the-counter supplement)之外,在US,有三种处方产品:EPANOVA(浓缩O3FA的混合物,其纯化自粗鱼油,其含有以它们的游离脂肪酸形式的EPA和DHA,在旨在在回肠中释放它们的凝胶胶囊中50-60%EPA和15-25%DHA的总浓度)、LOVAZA(凝胶胶囊,其含有来自鱼油的O3FA的乙酯,大约52%EPA乙酯和42%DHA乙酯)、以及VASCEPA(凝胶胶囊,其含有源自鱼油的EPA乙酯)。术语“ω-3脂肪酸”或“O3FA”在这里用来包括两种游离酸,尤其是EPA或DHA,或ω-3脂肪酸的组合,如源自鱼油(如在EPANOVA和非处方补充剂中)、以及还有它们的酯(例如乙酯,如在LOVAZA和VASCEPA中)。
没有药物已被证明可有效治疗I型高脂蛋白血症(LPL缺乏);以及,尽管上文描述了可用的治疗,包括适当的(低脂)饮食,但一些SHTG患者,尤其包括那些I型或V型高脂蛋白血症患者,仍然是难治的(refractory)(即,他们无法达到小于1000mg/dL的TG水平,如小于10mM,尽管饮食变化以及上文提及的一种或多种疗法)。
已开发了用于LPL缺乏的基因替代疗法,脂肪芽孢杆菌(alipogene tiparvovec)(GLYBERA),并且于2012年在欧洲得到批准(作为罕用药(orphan drug)),但在US尚未获得批准。给予它,作为单一治疗,其包括将在病毒蛋白壳中的基因的1012个基因组拷贝多次注入腿肌肉–对于70Kg患者,47次注射:脊髓或区域麻醉(或深度镇静)推荐用于上述程序,以及需要甲泼尼龙(methylprednisolone)预治疗,并且在治疗以前3天和在治疗以后12周需要免疫抑制方案。Pradigastat,一种口服二酰基甘醇酰基转移酶-1抑制剂,目前处于用于FCS的3期临床试验。CAT-2003,烟酸和EPA的一种结合物,已在患有HTG(包括I型高脂蛋白血症)的患者中完成三个试点2期临床试验(pilot Phase 2trial)。
采集术是通过治疗性血浆置换(therapeutic plasma exchange)(TPE)或过滤从血液除去TG和富含TG的脂蛋白。在TPE中,从患者除去血液并分离血浆,其中连同用于丢弃血浆的替换液(盐水或新鲜冷冻血浆,可选地具有添加的人白蛋白)一起将细胞组分返回到患者。按照Ewald et al.,它的应用于1978年被首次报道,以及从那以后它已被确认为用于迅速降低过高的血浆TG水平的安全可靠的方法,其中单次(single session)能够降低TG水平最高达70%。还报告了血浆的过滤可有效地降低TG水平。
希望开发用于严重高甘油三酯血症,如I型或V型高脂蛋白血症,的改善的治疗,尤其用于难治的病症。
MBX-8025
MBX-8025是以下化学式的化合物
MBX-8025具有化学名称(R)-2-(4-((2-乙氧基-3-(4-(三氟甲基)苯氧基)丙基)-硫基)-2-甲基苯氧基)乙酸[IUPAC名称,如通过CHEMDRAW ULTRA 12.0所产生的]。MBX-8025以及其合成、配制、和用途披露于,例如,美国专利号7301050(表1中的化合物15,实施例M,权利要求49)、美国专利号7635718(表1中的化合物15,实施例M)、以及美国专利号8106095(表1中的化合物15,实施例M,权利要求14)。MBX-8025和相关化合物的赖氨酸(L-赖氨酸)盐披露于美国专利号7709682(MBX-8025L-赖氨酸盐,在整个实施例中,晶体形式被要求保护)。
MBX-8025是过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体-δ(PPARδ)的口服活性的、有效的(2nM)激动剂。它是特异性的(和PPARα和过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体-γ受体相比,>600倍和>2500倍)。PPARδ激活可以刺激脂肪酸氧化和利用,改善血浆脂质和脂蛋白代谢、葡萄糖利用、和线粒体呼吸,以及保存干细胞稳态。按照美国专利号7301050,PPARδ激动剂,如MBX-8025,被建议用来治疗PPARδ介导的病症,包括“糖尿病、心血管疾病、代谢性X综合征、高胆固醇血症、低HDL-胆固醇血症、高LDL-胆固醇血症、异常脂肪血症、动脉粥样硬化、和肥胖”,其中异常脂肪血症据说包括高甘油三酯血症和混合性高脂血症。
Bays et al.,“MBX-8025,A Novel Peroxisome Proliferator Receptor-δAgonist:Lipid and Other Metabolic Effects in Dyslipidemic Overweight PatientsTreated with and without Atorvastatin”,J.Clin.Endocrin.Metab.,96(9),2889-2897(2011)和Choi et al.,“Effects of the PPAR-δagonist MBX-8025on atherogenicdyslipidemia”,Atherosclerosis,220,470-476(2012)已报告了在混合性异常脂肪血症中MBX-8025L-赖氨酸二水合物盐的2期研究(6组,30位受试者/组:每日一次安慰剂、阿托伐他汀(ATV)20mg、或50或100mg的MBX-8025L-赖氨酸二水合物盐(计算为游离酸)胶囊剂,单独地或与ATV 20mg组合,持续8周)。与安慰剂相比,MBX-8025单独地和连同ATV一起显著地(P<0.05)降低载脂蛋白B-100达20-38%,LDL达18-43%,TG达26-30%,非HDL-C达18-41%,游离脂肪酸达16-28%,以及高灵敏度C反应蛋白达43-72%;它提高HDL-C达1-12%以及还减少具有代谢综合征和小LDL颗粒的优势的患者的数目。在治疗的总群体中,虽然50mg/天和100mg/天的MBX-8025降低TG达32%,但TG的百分比减少从在具有最低起始TG水平(125-155mg/dL)的三分之一(tertile)受试者中的接近零增加至在具有最高起始TG水平(279-324mg/dL)的三分之一受试者中的超过40%。MBX-8025纠正在混合性异常脂肪血症中的所有三种脂质异常:降低TG和LDL和提高HDL,选择性地耗尽小密度LDL颗粒,降低心血管炎症,以及改善其它代谢参数,包括降低血清转氨酶,增加胰岛素敏感度(降低稳态模型评估-抗胰岛素性、空腹血浆葡萄糖、和胰岛素),降低GGT和ALP,显著地(>2倍)降低符合代谢综合征的标准的受试者的百分比,以及趋向腰围的减小和瘦体重的增加。MBX-8025是安全的并且一般良好耐受的,以及还降低肝酶水平。
发明内容
本发明是治疗严重高甘油三酯血症,如I型或V型高脂蛋白血症,例如难治的病症,包括用MBX-8025或MBX-8025盐,单独地或与贝特、烟酸、和ω-3脂肪酸的一种或多种联合,可选地伴随有采集术,来进行治疗。
由于在具有较高起始TG水平的异常脂肪血症患者中已看到会增加MBX-8025对TG减少的影响,所以用MBX-8025或MBX-8025盐,单独地或与贝特、烟酸、和ω-3脂肪酸的一种或多种联合,进行的治疗预计将特别有效,其中起始TG水平可以是极高的,如在严重高甘油三酯血症中。
在各个方面,本发明是:
MBX-8025或MBX-8025盐,单独地或与贝特、烟酸、和ω-3脂肪酸的一种或多种联合,用于治疗/用于在治疗严重高甘油三酯血症中的用途;
MBX-8025或MBX-8025盐,单独地或与贝特、烟酸、和ω-3脂肪酸的一种或多种联合,用于治疗严重高甘油三酯血症,或用于制造用来治疗严重高甘油三酯血症的药物中的用途;
用于治疗严重高甘油三酯血症的药物组合物,包含MBX-8025或MBX-8025盐,单独地或与贝特、烟酸、和ω-3脂肪酸的一种或多种联合;
用于治疗严重高甘油三酯血症的试剂盒,该试剂盒包含组合物,该组合物包含MBX-8025或MBX-8025盐,单独地或与贝特、烟酸、和ω-3脂肪酸的一种或多种联合;以及
用于治疗严重高甘油三酯血症的方法,其中通过给予MBX-8025或MBX-8025盐,单独地或与贝特、烟酸、和ω-3脂肪酸的一种或多种联合。还包括可选的采集术。
通过提交的说明书和本申请的权利要求1至xx的特点来表征本发明的优选实施方式。
具体实施方式
定义
在段落[0002]至[0014]中描述了“严重高甘油三酯血症”和它的治疗。“严重高甘油三酯血症”是指≥500mg/dL的血清TG水平,如≥750mg/dL,例如≥1000mg/dL。
尤其在段落[0004]中描述了“I型高脂蛋白血症”和“V型高脂蛋白血症”。
在段落[0012]中描述了“难治的”。
在段落[0009]中描述了“贝特”。
在段落[0010]中描述了“烟酸”。
在段落[0011]中描述了“ω-3脂肪酸”。
在段落[0014]中描述了“采集术”。
在段落[0016]至[0019]中描述了“MBX-8025”。
MBX-8025的盐(例如,药用盐)包括在本发明中并且可用于在本申请中描述的组合物、方法、和用途。这些盐优选形成自药用酸。关于药用盐、它们的选择、制备、和用途的广泛讨论,见,例如,“Handbook of Pharmaceutically Acceptable Salts”,Stahl andWermuth,eds.,Verlag Helvetica Chimica Acta,Zürich,瑞士。除非上下文另有要求,提及MBX-8025是指化合物以及其盐。
因为MBX-8025含有羧基,所以当存在的酸性质子与无机或有机碱反应时,它可以形成盐。通常,用过量的碱性试剂,如含有适当的阳离子的氢氧化物、碳酸盐或醇盐(alkoxide),来处理MBX-8025。阳离子如Na+、K+、Ca2+、Mg2+、和NH4 +是在药用盐中存在的阳离子的实例。因此,适宜的无机碱包括氢氧化钙、氢氧化钾、碳酸钠和氢氧化钠。盐还可以利用有机碱加以制备,如以下各项的盐:伯胺、仲胺和叔胺、取代的胺,包括天然存在的取代的胺、和环胺,包括异丙胺、三甲胺、二乙胺、三乙胺、三丙胺、乙醇胺、2-二甲基氨基乙醇、氨丁三醇(tromethamine)、赖氨酸、精氨酸、组氨酸、咖啡碱、普鲁卡因、海巴明、胆碱、甜菜碱、乙二胺、葡糖胺、N-烷基葡糖胺、可可碱(theobromine)、嘌呤、哌嗪、哌啶、N-乙基哌啶等。如在段落[0019]中所述,目前将MBX-8025配制为它的L-赖氨酸二水合物盐,以及在临床试验中还已经研究了MBX-8025作为其钙盐。
用MBX-8025以及贝特、烟酸、和ω-3脂肪酸的一种或多种进行的“联合治疗”是指在SHTG的治疗过程中给予MBX-8025以及贝特、烟酸、和ω-3脂肪酸,或这些附加试剂的两种或三种。这样的联合治疗可以涉及在给予贝特、烟酸、和ω-3脂肪酸以前、期间、和/或以后,给予MBX-8025,以致保持每种化合物的治疗有效水平。因为一次/天口服给予MBX-8025,可以方便的是,在和给予贝特、烟酸、和ω-3脂肪酸的同时(如果它或它们也可以一次/天给予),或在和一次给予贝特、烟酸、和ω-3脂肪酸的同时(如果它或它们一次以上/天给予),给予MBX-8025。“联合治疗”还包括给予单剂量形式(例如胶囊剂或片剂),其含有MBX-8025以及贝特和/或烟酸:因为ω-3脂肪酸是液体,所以将分开给予它们,但它们可以提供在治疗试剂盒中。
MBX-8025或MBX-8025盐的“治疗有效量”是指这样的量,当给予人来治疗SHTG时,其足以对SHTG进行治疗。在人中SHTG的“治疗(treating)”或“处理(treatment)”包括以下一种或多种:
(1)预防或降低发展SHTG的风险,即,在可能倾向于SHTG但还没有经历或显示SHTG的症状的受试者中,引起SHTG的临床症状,如急性胰腺炎,不发展(即,预防);
(2)抑制SHTG,即,阻止或减轻SHTG或它的临床症状的发展;以及
(3)缓解SHTG,即,引起SHTG的消退、逆转、或改善,或降低其临床症状的数目、频率、持续时间或严重性。
用于特定受试者的治疗有效量会变化,其取决于待治疗受试者的年龄、健康和身体状况、SHTG的程度、医疗情况的评估、以及其它相关因素。预计,治疗有效量将在可以通过常规试验加以确定的相对较宽的范围内。
(MBX-8025或MBX-8025盐)以及贝特、烟酸、和ω-3脂肪酸的一种或多种的各自的“治疗有效量”是指每种化合物的量,当在联合治疗中给予人来治疗SHTG时,其足以进行SHTG的治疗(如上文在段落[0036]中所定义的)。
“包含”或“含有”以及它们的语法变体是包括而不是限制性的措辞,并且用来说明存在所陈述的组分、组、步骤等但不排除其它组分、组、步骤等的存在或添加。因此,“包含”并不意味着“由…组成”、“基本上由…组成”、或“仅由…组成”,以及,例如,“包含”一种化合物的配方必定含有上述化合物但还可以含有其它活性组分和/或赋形剂。
制剂和给予
可以通过适合于待治疗的受试者和受试者的病症的特性的任何途径来给予MBX-8025。给予途径包括通过注射,包括静脉注射、腹腔内注射、肌内注射、和皮下注射,通过经粘膜或经皮递送,通过局部应用,鼻腔喷雾剂,栓剂等来给予,或可以口服给予。制剂可以可选地是脂质体制剂、乳剂、设计成穿过粘膜给予药物的制剂或透皮制剂。用于每种上述给予方法的适宜的制剂可以参见,例如,“Remington:The Science and Practice ofPharmacy”,20th ed.,Gennaro,ed.,Lippincott Williams&Wilkins,Philadelphia,Pa.,U.S.A。因为MBX-8025是可口服的,所以典型的制剂将是口服制剂,以及典型剂型将是用于口服的片剂或胶囊剂。如在段落[0019]中所述,已在胶囊剂中配制MBX-8025,用于临床试验。
取决于预期的给予方式,药物组合物可以具有固体、半固体或液体剂型的形式,优选适用于单次给予精确剂量的单位剂型。除有效量的MBX-8025(以及可选的贝特和/或烟酸)之外,组合物还可以含有适宜的药用赋形剂,包括佐剂,其促进将活性化合物加工成可以药用的制剂。“药用赋形剂”是指赋形剂或赋形剂的混合物,其并不干扰活性化合物的生物活性的有效性以及其对于待给予的受试者不是有毒的或以其它方式不可取的。
对于固体组合物,常规赋形剂包括,例如,药品级的甘露醇、乳糖、淀粉、硬脂酸镁、糖精钠、滑石、纤维素、葡萄糖、蔗糖、碳酸镁等。可以,例如,通过将如本文所述的活性化合物和可选的药物佐剂溶解、分散等在水或水性赋形剂中,如,例如,水、盐水、水性右旋糖(dextrose)等,来形成溶液或悬浮液,以制备液体药理学上可给予的组合物。如果需要,待给予的药物组合物还可以含有少量的无毒辅助赋形剂如润湿或乳化剂、pH缓冲剂等,例如,乙酸钠、山梨聚糖单月桂酸酯、三乙醇胺乙酸钠、三乙醇胺油酸酯等。
用于口服给予,组合物一般将采取片剂或胶囊剂的形式,尤其是对于儿科用途,它可以是水溶液或非水溶液、悬浮液或糖浆。片剂和胶囊剂是优选的口服给予形式。用于口服使用的片剂和胶囊剂将通常包括一种或多种常用的赋形剂如乳糖和玉米淀粉。还通常添加润滑剂,如硬脂酸镁。当使用液体悬浮液时,活性剂可以与乳化和悬浮赋形剂结合。如果需要,也可以添加风味剂(flavoring)、着色剂和/或甜味剂。用于加入口服制剂的其它可选的赋形剂包括防腐剂、悬浮剂、增稠剂等。
通常,将MBX-8025的药物组合物、或包含MBX-8025的组合物的试剂盒包装在容器中,上述容器具有标签或说明或两者,其说明药物组合物或试剂盒在治疗SHTG中的使用。
通常,将MBX-8025和贝特和/或烟酸的组合的药物组合物,或包含MBX-8025和贝特、烟酸、和ω-3脂肪酸的一种或多种的单独的组合物的试剂盒包装在容器中,上述容器具有标签或说明或两者,其说明药物组合物或试剂盒在治疗SHTG中的使用。
对于患有SHTG的成年受试者,用于口服给予的MBX-8025(计算为游离酸)的适宜量将是20-200mg/天,优选50-200mg/天,其取决于SHTG的阶段以及多种因素如肝和肾功能。即,对于患有SHTG的成体,如患有I型或V型高脂蛋白血症的成体,尤其当病症是难治的时,用于口服给予的MBX-8025的适宜量将类似于在临床试验中采用的量。对于儿童受试者,将针对上述外部范围的下端的剂量适当减小,其取决于这样的附加因素如年龄和体重。
贝特的适宜量随特定药物而变化:对于吉非贝齐,推荐剂量(LOPID US包装插页(package insert))是1200mg/天,作为两个600mg剂量给予,各自在早餐和晚餐之前30分钟;对于非诺贝特,推荐剂量(TRICOR US包装插页)是48-145mg/天,作为单日剂量来给予而不考虑膳食(meal);对于胆碱非诺贝特,推荐剂量(TRILIPIX US包装插页)是45-135mg/天(当计算为非诺贝酸时),作为单日剂量来给予而不考虑膳食;对于苯扎贝特,推荐剂量(BEZALIP Medsafe数据表)是600mg/天,作为三个200mg剂量来给予,连同饭一起或饭后,或对于控释(BEZALIP延迟)制剂,400mg/天,作为单剂量,在早晨或晚上,连同饭一起或饭后;以及对于环丙贝特,推荐剂量(环丙贝特X-PIL患者信息活页(information leaflet))是100mg/天,作为单剂量。立即释放烟酸(NIACOR US包装插页)的适宜量是1-6g/天,通常作为1-2g,两次或三次/天;而延长释放烟酸(NIASPAN US包装插页)的适宜量是0.5-2g/天,尤其是1-2g/天,在睡前连同低脂零食一起作为单剂量来给予。ω-3脂肪酸(尤其是EPA和/或DHA)的适宜量是2g/天或4g/天(EPANOVA US包装插页),或4g/天(LOVAZA和VASCEPA US包装插页)。
对于特定疾病、疾病阶段、和为实现治疗有效量而没有不适当的实验的患者,以及依赖个人知识和本申请的公开内容,SHTG治疗领域的普通技术人员将能够确定MBX-8025或MBX-8025盐以及,如果需要,贝特、烟酸、和ω-3脂肪酸的一种或多种,的治疗有效量。类似地,这样的人将能够确定采集术的治疗适当性。
实施例
本研究是12周介入(interventional)、开放标签(单盲)、剂量递增(dose-escalation)研究,其中使用成年受试者(例如30位,优选至少四分之一患有I型高脂蛋白血症以及至少四分之一患有V型高脂蛋白血症),其患有严重高甘油三酯血症(空腹TG水平为至少1000mg/dL)、处于稳定治疗(贝特、烟酸、O3FA)或对于这种疗法难治的。排除标准包括阶段(stage)3或4心力衰竭、在筛选前的一个月中未受控制的糖尿病、在筛选前的一个月中使用皮质类固醇、雌激素治疗(避孕或激素替代)(除非在筛选前的两个月中处于稳定剂量)、在筛选前的6个月期间的胰腺病史、以及目前的采集术治疗。在基线处评估受试者的空腹TG和其它脂质。受试者最初口服接收50mg/天(当作为游离酸计算时)的MBX-8025或MBX-8025盐,作为每天单剂量,持续四周,然后再次评估空腹TG和其它脂质。然后受试者口服接收100mg/天(当作为游离酸计算时)的MBX-8025或MBX-8025盐,作为每天单剂量,持续四周,然后再次评估空腹TG和其它脂质。最后,受试者口服接收200mg/天(当作为游离酸计算时)的MBX-8025或MBX-8025盐,作为每天单剂量,持续四周,然后再次评估空腹TG和其它脂质。本研究的终点是空腹TG的平均绝对和百分比减少;达到空腹TG水平低于800、500、和300mg/dL的受试者的百分比;以及达到,自基线,空腹TG减小至少30%、40%、50%、60%、和70%的受试者的百分比。在每个测量点,受试者将显示自基线的空腹TG的减小,其中上述减小随剂量而增加;以及通过给予MBX-8025或MBX-8025盐对患有SHTG的受试者的治疗将显著降低有急性胰腺炎和相关的不良事件的风险的受试者的百分比。
第二项研究,其中使用相同剂量的MBX-8025或MBX-8025盐,但伴随有适当临床剂量(如在段落[0050]中)的贝特、烟酸、和ω-3脂肪酸的一处或多种(当以前未使用一种或多种这样的另外的试剂时),将显示空腹TG水平的类似的但增加的降低以及急性胰腺炎的降低的风险。
第三项研究,其中使用和第一或第二项研究相同的剂量,将包括在治疗开始时的采集术。
Claims (25)
1.一种通过单独地或者与贝特、烟酸、和ω-3脂肪酸的一种或多种联合地给予MBX-8025或MBX-8025盐来治疗严重高甘油三酯血症的方法。
2.MBX-8025或MBX-8025盐,单独地或者与贝特、烟酸、和ω-3脂肪酸的一种或多种联合地,用于治疗严重高甘油三酯血症。
3.MBX-8025或MBX-8025盐单独地或者与贝特、烟酸、和ω-3脂肪酸的一种或多种联合地用于治疗严重高甘油三酯血症的用途。
4.MBX-8025或MBX-8025盐单独地或者与贝特、烟酸、和ω-3脂肪酸的一种或多种联合地用于制造用于治疗严重高甘油三酯血症的药物的用途。
5.一种用于治疗严重高甘油三酯血症的药物组合物,包含单独地或者与贝特、烟酸、和ω-3脂肪酸的一种或多种联合地MBX-8025或MBX-8025盐。
6.一种用于治疗严重高甘油三酯血症的试剂盒,包含组合物,所述组合物包含单独地或者与贝特、烟酸、和ω-3脂肪酸的一种或多种联合地MBX-8025或MBX-8025盐。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法、化合物、用途、组合物、或试剂盒,其中,所述MBX-8025或MBX-8025盐是MBX-8025L-赖氨酸二水合物盐。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法、化合物、用途、组合物、或试剂盒,其中,MBX-8025或MBX-8025盐(当作为游离酸计算时)的剂量是20-200mg/天,优选50-200mg/天。
9.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法、化合物、用途、组合物、或试剂盒,其中,一次/天给予所述MBX-8025或MBX-8025盐。
10.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法、化合物、用途、组合物、或试剂盒,其中,单独地给予所述MBX-8025或MBX-8025盐。
11.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法、化合物、用途、组合物、或试剂盒,其中,与贝特联合地给予所述MBX-8025或MBX-8025盐。
12.根据权利要求11所述的方法、化合物、用途、组合物、或试剂盒,其中,所述贝特是吉非贝齐、非诺贝特、胆碱非诺贝特、苯扎贝特、或环丙贝特。
13.根据权利要求12所述的方法、化合物、用途、组合物、或试剂盒,其中,所述贝特的剂量是:对于吉非贝齐为1200mg/天;对于非诺贝特为48-145mg/天;对于胆碱非诺贝特为45-135mg/天(计算为非诺贝酸);对于苯扎贝特,对于立即释放为600mg/天或对于控释为400mg/天;以及对于环丙贝特为100mg/天。
14.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法、化合物、用途、组合物、或试剂盒,其中,与烟酸联合地给予所述MBX-8025或MBX-8025盐。
15.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法、化合物、用途、组合物、或试剂盒,其中,烟酸的剂量,对于立即释放为1-6g/天,优选1-2g,每天三次;或对于控释为0.5-2g/天,优选1-2g/天。
16.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法、化合物、用途、组合物、或试剂盒,其中,与ω-3脂肪酸联合地给予所述MBX-8025或MBX-8025盐。
17.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法、化合物、用途、组合物、或试剂盒,其中,所述ω-3脂肪酸的剂量是2-4g/天。
18.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法、化合物、用途、组合物、或试剂盒,其中,与贝特、烟酸、和ω-3脂肪酸的两种或更多种联合地给予所述MBX-8025或MBX-8025盐。
19.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法、化合物、用途、组合物、或试剂盒,其中,与贝特、烟酸、和ω-3脂肪酸的三种联合地给予所述MBX-8025或MBX-8025盐。
20.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法、化合物、用途、组合物、或试剂盒,包括通过采集术的治疗。
21.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法、化合物、用途、组合物、或试剂盒,其中,严重高甘油三酯血症是指至少500mg/dL的血清甘油三酯水平,如至少750mg/dL,例如至少1000mg/dL。
22.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法、化合物、用途、组合物、或试剂盒,其中,所述严重高甘油三酯血症是I型或V型高脂蛋白血症。
23.根据权利要求22所述的方法、化合物、用途、组合物、或试剂盒,其中,所述严重高甘油三酯血症是I型高脂蛋白血症。
24.根据权利要求22所述的方法、化合物、用途、组合物、或试剂盒,其中,所述严重高甘油三酯血症是V型高脂蛋白血症。
25.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法、化合物、用途、组合物、或试剂盒,其中,所述严重高甘油三酯血症是难治的。
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