CN106451383A - Blocking pilot protection method suitable for closed loop operation cable distribution loop network - Google Patents
Blocking pilot protection method suitable for closed loop operation cable distribution loop network Download PDFInfo
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- CN106451383A CN106451383A CN201610926247.5A CN201610926247A CN106451383A CN 106451383 A CN106451383 A CN 106451383A CN 201610926247 A CN201610926247 A CN 201610926247A CN 106451383 A CN106451383 A CN 106451383A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000035772 mutation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000011664 signaling Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/26—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured
- H02H7/28—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured for meshed systems
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Abstract
The invention discloses a blocking pilot protection method suitable for a closed loop operation cable distribution loop network. The positive sequence fault component power directional characteristics of two inlet wires of a loop network cabinet when different locations have faults are analyzed, the loop network cabinet is divided into three states, and the unified blocking signal transmitting rules are prescribed. After the faults occur, the sudden change of current exceeds the preset threshold of STU installed in the loop network cabinet, and protection is started and automatic time checking is performed. Then each STU judges the state of the loop network cabinet and receives and transmits the blocking signals according to the prescribed rules. If the STU does not receive the blocking signals within the prescribed time period, tripping signals are transmitted to isolate the faults; and if the STU receives the blocking signals within the prescribed time period, the corresponding circuit breakers are blocked and protection automatically returns. According to the method, the exchange rules of blocking information between the adjacent STU are established according to the state of the loop network cabinet so that rapid and accurate locating of the feed line fault sections can be realized and the fault processing speed can be enhanced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of distribution line relay protection in closed-loop operation, in particular to a distribution ring network fault characteristic and locking type pilot protection method based on a cable line.
Background
The traditional power distribution network generally adopts a mode of closed-loop design and open-loop operation, the protection control method is simple, the operation is convenient, but short-time power failure can be caused in the load transfer process, and the requirement of large-scale access of Distributed power Sources (DERs) can not be met. Developed countries and regions both at home and abroad begin to adopt power distribution networks in closed-loop operation modes to improve power supply reliability and DERs acceptance. Because the tide and the short-circuit current on the closed-loop operation line flow in two directions, the existing three-section type current protection cannot meet the requirement of closed-loop operation. At present, a current differential protection method based on a guide wire is mostly adopted in a closed-loop running power distribution ring network, the basic idea of the traditional power transmission network pilot protection is still used, and effective butt joint is not formed between the current power transmission network pilot protection method and the existing distribution network automation system based on the STU. The existing distribution network automation system is mostly directed at an open-loop operation distribution network structure of a hand-in-hand, an effective fault processing mechanism for a closed-loop operation distribution network is not formed, and a protection algorithm is lack of universality. At present, most urban power distribution networks adopt cable networks, an STU is installed in a ring main unit, fault data monitored on site are uploaded to a main station, and functions of fault location, isolation and power supply recovery are realized after centralized decision making.
The invention provides a locking type pilot protection method based on a positive sequence fault component power direction, aiming at a cable loop network structure in closed-loop operation. Using the current break variable as an STU starting criterion, and using the starting time as a time setting reference of all STUs; according to the characteristics of the positive sequence fault component power directions of two inlet wires of each ring main unit when faults occur at different positions, the interlocking information exchange between the STUs in the adjacent ring main units is realized, the fault section is accurately identified, and the fault is quickly isolated.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem solved by the invention is as follows: and constructing a locking type pilot protection method suitable for a closed-loop operation cable distribution ring network based on the current break variable and the positive sequence fault component power direction. Taking the current mutation quantity as an STU starting criterion and all STU time setting references; when short-circuit faults occur at different positions in a loop, the power directions of positive sequence fault components at two inlet wires of each ring main unit are taken as characteristics, locking signal exchange between STUs in adjacent ring main units is completed, quick and accurate positioning and isolation of faults are achieved, and power supply reliability is improved.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problem is as follows: according to the power direction of the positive sequence fault component flowing through the two incoming line switches of the ring main unit when faults occur at different positions on the loop, the ring main unit is divided into three states of X1, X2 and X3, and a locking signal sending rule between STUs in adjacent ring main units in each state is set. When a fault occurs, all the STUs monitor that the current mutation quantity is out of limit, protection is started, the moment is used as the starting point of all the STU time pairs, and the action signal keeps T1Time. Then, each STU extracts the positive sequence fault component and calculates two entries in the corresponding ring main unitPositive sequence fault component power direction at line; judging the state of the ring main unit according to the specified protection positive direction and the actual positive sequence fault component power direction; according to a set locking signal sending rule, information exchange of the STUs in the adjacent ring main units is completed; if the ring main unit is at T2If the locking signal is not received within the time, a tripping signal is sent to control the corresponding breaker to act, and the fault is isolated; if a locking signal is received within a certain time, the corresponding circuit breaker is locked for a delay time T1Protection returns after arrival. The method realizes the rapid and accurate positioning and automatic isolation of the looped network fault section by utilizing the exchange of the locking information between the STUs in the adjacent looped network cabinets, eliminates the communication link between the terminal and the master station and the time delay caused by the processing of a large amount of information by the master station system, and improves the fault processing speed. The specific process is as follows:
1. for a cable distribution ring network running in a closed loop, defining the positive direction of the loop from a bus on the M side of a transformer substation to a bus on the N side of the transformer substation (M and N are only used for marking the direction of a main loop, and the M and N can be the same bus); and the M side is defined as the upstream and the N side is defined as the downstream. Defining an upstream circuit breaker inside a certain ring main unit i (close to the M side bus) in the loop as QFiMThe downstream (i.e., adjacent to the N-side bus) breaker is QFiN. Defining a line outlet breaker at the M side of the transformer substation as QF0NThe circuit breaker at the N side of the transformer substation is QF0M(ii) a And the outlet circuit breakers are all provided with an STU (standard test unit), and can exchange locking signals with the STUs in the adjacent ring main units to control the action of the outlet circuit breakers.
2. When short-circuit faults occur at different positions on a loop, all the ring main units can be divided into three states by using the directions of positive sequence fault component active power (hereinafter referred to as positive sequence fault component power) on two inlet wires of each ring main unit as characteristics. When short-circuit fault occurs on the upstream line of the ring main unit i, the short-circuit fault flows through the internal breaker QFiMIs negative and flows through QFiNThe positive sequence fault component power direction is positive, and the ring main unit is defined to be in a state X1 at the moment; when a fault occurs in the i downstream line of the ring main unit, the current flows through the QF breaker inside the ring main unitiMPositive sequence fault division ofThe power direction is positive and QF flows throughiNThe positive sequence fault component power direction of the ring main unit is negative, and the ring main unit is defined to be in a state X2 at the moment; when a fault occurs on a bus inside the ring main unit i, the fault flows through the circuit breaker QFiMAnd QFiNThe power directions of the positive sequence fault components are positive, and the ring main unit is defined to be in a state X3 at the moment.
3. Setting the starting fixed value of the STU as I by taking the current variation flowing through the inlet wire of the ring main unit in the process of starting and stopping the maximum load in the loop as the referencesetWhen the actual current mutation quantity monitored by the STU meets the condition that delta I is larger than IsetIf the short circuit fault occurs in the loop, the protection is started and kept T1Time; the guard start time is automatically used as a time synchronization reference for all STUs.
4. The started STU extracts the positive sequence current and the positive sequence voltage fault components at the inlet wire of the ring main unit, calculates the power direction of the respective positive sequence fault components, and judges the state of the ring main unit according to the power direction. If the ring main unit i is in the X1 state, the ring main unit i is locked with the breaker QFiNAnd simultaneously transmits a lock QF to STU of the downstream ring main unit i +1(i+1)M(ii) a If the ring main unit i is in the X2 state, the self circuit breaker QF is lockediMSTU locking QF for transmitting upstream looped network cabinet i-1 simultaneously(i-1)N(ii) a If the ring main unit i is in the X3 state, the signal is sent to the STU locking QF of the upstream ring main unit i-1(i-1)NAnd simultaneously sends out STU locking QF (quad Flat No-lead) for downstream ring main unit i +1(i+1)M。
5. When i is equal to 0, the ring main unit is the STU corresponding to the M-side outlet circuit breaker, and the other functions are the same as those of STUs in other ring main units except that the blocking information cannot be sent upstream; when i is k +1, the ring main unit is an STU corresponding to the N-side outlet circuit breaker, and the remaining functions are the same as those of STUs in other ring main units except that the blocking information cannot be sent downstream. And the process of transmitting and receiving the locking information of the two is the same as that described above.
6. Starting STU at each position and automatically delaying T after solving the power direction of the positive sequence fault component2Time to wait for receipt of a blocking signal. Within a specified time, do notThe ring main unit receiving the locking signal sends a tripping signal to trip off the circuit breaker at the fault side. The looped network cabinet STU receiving the locking signal locks corresponding protection and keeps time T in delay1After this is reached, the protection automatically returns.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
compared with the traditional cable distribution ring network protection method in closed-loop operation, the method disclosed by the invention has obvious difference; the invention provides a general short-circuit fault interval positioning and fault isolating method aiming at a cable network running in a closed loop based on a distribution network automation system; when a fault occurs in the loop, the ring main unit is divided into three states of X1, X2 and X3, and each state corresponds to a specific locking signal sending rule. When different positions have faults, the STU in the ring main unit receives and transmits the locking signal according to the set rule according to the state of the STU. In a certain time, the looped network cabinet STU which does not receive the locking signal sends a tripping signal to control a corresponding breaker to trip and isolate faults; the STU receiving the blocking signal will block the corresponding protection and hold time T in delay1And automatically returning after reaching the target value. According to the method, the STUs installed in each ring main unit are connected through the optical fiber Ethernet, so that the state information exchange between the STUs of the adjacent ring main units is realized, and the rapid and accurate positioning and isolation of faults are completed. The whole protection process does not need the participation of the master station, eliminates the communication link with the master station and the time delay caused by the processing of a large amount of information by the master station, and improves the power supply reliability.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a closed-loop operation cable distribution ring network structure diagram containing 4 ring network cabinets.
FIG. 2 is f1And (4) generating a fault corresponding to the positive sequence fault component characteristic diagram.
FIG. 3 is f2And (4) generating a fault corresponding to the positive sequence fault component characteristic diagram.
FIG. 4 is f3And (4) generating a fault corresponding to the positive sequence fault component characteristic diagram.
FIG. 5 is f4And (4) generating a fault corresponding to the positive sequence fault component characteristic diagram.
FIG. 6 is f1And (4) locking a transmission rule graph of the signals when the fault occurs.
FIG. 7 is f2And (4) locking a transmission rule graph of the signals when the fault occurs.
FIG. 8 is f3And (4) locking a transmission rule graph of the signals when the fault occurs.
FIG. 9 is f4And (4) locking a transmission rule graph of the signals when the fault occurs.
FIG. 10 is a diagram of a locked pilot protection logic.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a cable distribution ring network locking type pilot protection method suitable for closed-loop operation, and the invention is described in detail below by combining an example and an attached drawing.
1. Protective action process analysis
The cable distribution ring network with 4 ring network cabinets is taken as an example to perform fault characteristic analysis, and the simplified structure is shown in the attached drawing 1. Wherein,for the equivalent electromotive force of the buses on both sides, if two cables come from the same bus, thenIf different buses from the same transformer substation even come from different transformer substations, the buses and the transformer substations are not equal, but the analysis in the position is premised on that overlarge circulating power does not exist in a loop and normal and stable operation of a system is not influenced. QF in ring main unitiMAnd QFiNAnd (i ═ 1,2,3 and 4) are all circuit breakers, and all the circuit breakers are in a closed state in normal operation, namely the system is in a closed-loop operation state. The circuit breakers at the outlet of the transformer substation are QF respectively0NAnd QF5MAnd intelligent power distribution terminals (STUs) are installed at the outlet circuit breaker and in each ring main unit and are connected through an optical fiber ethernet to realize communication between the STUs in adjacent ring main units. The STU0 and STU5 corresponding to the outlet breaker can exchange locking information with the STUs of other ring main units to control the breaker to trip.
When short-circuit fault occurs in the loop, all STUs monitor that the current mutation quantity is out of limit, the protection is started and T is kept1Time; the protection starting time is automatically used as a reference for time synchronization of each STU.
1) When f is1When a short-circuit fault occurs, the characteristics of the positive sequence fault component of the ring network are shown in the attached figure 2. Wherein,for a positive sequence voltage fault component at an assumed fault point,andrespectively is a positive sequence voltage fault component at each ring main unit bus,andis the positive sequence current fault component flowing through each circuit breaker. The positive direction of protection in the ring main unit is specified to be the direction of a line pointed by an internal bus; the positive line protection direction of the substation outlet is the direction in which a substation bus points to a line; all reference currents for protecting the positive direction are respectivelyAnd
from FIG. 2, one can see: at fault point f1Upstream of (2), flow-through QF1MAnd QF2MThe positive sequence fault component of the power is positive and flows through QF1NAnd QF2NThe positive sequence fault component power direction of (1) is negative; that is, the ring main unit 1 and the ring main unit 2 are both in the X2 state, and the ring main unit 1 will close the internal breaker QF1MSimultaneously signalling to STU0 a blocking line outlet circuit breaker QF0N. The ring main unit 2 locks the self internal QF2MAnd simultaneously transmitting and locking QF of upstream ring main unit 11N. At the fault point f1Downstream of (2), flowing through QF3MAnd QF4MThe positive sequence fault component of the power is positive and flows through QF3NAnd QF4NThe positive sequence fault component power direction of the ring main unit 3 is negative, namely, the ring main unit 4 and the ring main unit 3 are both in an X1 state; the ring main unit 3 locks the self internal QF3NAnd simultaneously transmits the locking QF to the downstream ring main unit 44MThe ring main unit 4 locks the internal QF of the ring main unit4NSimultaneously signalling to STU5 a latched outlet breaker QF5M. All directions of transmission of the blocking signal are shown in fig. 6. All protection against blocking being performed at a delay time T1And when the return reaches the preset value, the return is automatically carried out.
In the whole loop, only the ring main unit 2 and the ring main unit 3 do not receive the locking signal within the specified time, the circuit breakers QF are respectively tripped2NAnd QF3MAnd completing fault isolation.
2) When f is2When a short-circuit fault occurs, the corresponding positive sequence fault component is characterized as shown in fig. 3. Visible flow through QF2MAnd QF2NThe positive sequence fault component power direction of (1) is positive, that is, the ring main unit 2 is in the X3 state, and the lock QF is transmitted to the upstream ring main unit 11NAnd simultaneously transmits a lock QF to the downstream ring main unit 33M(ii) a The ring main unit 1 at the upstream of the fault point is in an X2 state, and the internal QF of the ring main unit is locked1MSimultaneously signalling to STU0 a latched outlet breaker QF0N(ii) a Downstream of the fault pointThe ring main unit 3 and the ring main unit 4 are both in an X1 state, and the ring main unit 3 locks the self internal QF3NAnd simultaneously sends a signal to the 4-locking QF of the ring main unit4M. The ring main unit 4 locks the self internal QF4NSimultaneously signalling to STU5 a latched outlet breaker QF5M. All protection against blocking being performed at a delay time T1And when the return reaches the preset value, the return is automatically carried out.
In the whole loop, only the ring main unit 2 does not receive the locking signal within the specified time, and the circuit breakers QF are respectively tripped2MAnd QF2NAnd completing fault isolation.
3) When f is3When a short-circuit fault occurs, the corresponding positive sequence fault component is characterized as shown in fig. 4. From the figure, it can be seen that all ring main units are in the X1 state, and the ring main unit 1 will lock the internal QF of itself1NAnd simultaneously transmits a lock QF to the downstream ring main unit 21M(ii) a The downstream ring main unit 2, the ring main unit 3 and the ring main unit 4 all send corresponding locking signals according to the rule. STU5 at the outlet of N side only receives the locking signal to lock the breaker QF5MAnd no longer sends blocking information downstream. All protection against blocking being performed at a delay time T1And when the return reaches the preset value, the return is automatically carried out.
In the whole loop, only the STU0 and the ring main unit 1 do not receive the locking signal within the specified time, and the STU0 trips to the QF0N1-trip QF of ring main unit1MThereby completing fault isolation.
4) When f is4When a short-circuit fault occurs, the corresponding positive sequence fault component characteristics are as shown in fig. 5, and it can be obtained from the figure that all ring main units are in an X2 state. The ring main unit 4 locks the self internal QF4MAnd simultaneously transmit a lock QF to the upstream ring main unit 33N(ii) a The ring main unit 1, the ring main unit 2 and the ring main unit 3 at the upstream of the fault point all send corresponding locking signals according to the rule. The STU0 at the outlet of the M side only receives the locking signal to complete the locking of the breaker QF0NThe blocking information is no longer sent upstream. All protection against blocking being performed at a delay time T1And when the return reaches the preset value, the return is automatically carried out.
In the whole loop, the ring main unit 4 and the STU5 do not receive the locking signal within the specified time, and the ring main unit 4 trips to the QF4NSTU5 skip QF5MAnd completing fault isolation.
2. Protection fixed value setting principle
Setting according to the starting current which avoids the maximum load on the line by using the current break variable as a starting element, namely:
wherein: krelIs a reliability factor; kSSA starting current multiple of a maximum load; i isLoad.maxFor the maximum electrical machine power, K, connected to the networkreIs the return coefficient.
3. Protection action logic
And constructing the closed type pilot protection of the cable distribution looped network according to a set locking signal sending rule by taking the current break variable as a starting element and utilizing the positive sequence fault component power direction characteristics of two inlet wires of each looped network cabinet as the basis. The action logic is shown in figure 10, wherein SiIndicating ring main unit i, T1For starting the component hold time, T2Delay time, T, for ring main unit waiting to receive blocking signal3Time is maintained for the trip signal.
Claims (3)
1. A locking type pilot protection method suitable for a closed-loop operation cable distribution ring network is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) the method comprises the steps that a bus on the M side of a transformer substation to a bus on the N side of the transformer substation is defined to be the positive direction of a ring network, the M side is an upstream, and the N side is a downstream; assuming that the whole loop comprises k ring main units, the incoming line breaker at the upstream side (i.e. near the M-side bus) in the ring main unit i is defined as QFiMThe incoming breaker on the downstream side (i.e. near the N-side busbar) is QFiN. Defining the M-side line outlet breaker of the transformer substation as QF0NThe N-side line outlet breaker is QF0MAnd QF0NAnd QF0MThe STUs are arranged at the positions and participate in locking and action tripping between the STUs and other ring main units.
(2) When the upstream line of the ring main unit i has a fault, the current flows through the internal breaker QFiMThe positive sequence fault component of the power flow is negative and flows through QFiNThe positive sequence fault component power direction of (1) is positive; defining the ring main unit to be in an X1 state.
(3) When a fault occurs in the i downstream line of the ring main unit, the current flows through the QF breaker inside the ring main unitiMThe positive sequence fault component of the power is positive and flows through QFiNThe power direction of the positive sequence fault component is negative, and the ring main unit is defined to be in an X2 state.
(4) When the internal bus of the ring main unit i goes wrong, the fault current flows through the internal breaker QFiMAnd QFiNThe power directions of the positive sequence fault components are positive, and the ring main unit is defined to be in an X3 state.
(5) The STU corresponding to the M-side line outlet circuit breaker has the same functions as the STU in the ring main unit except that the STU does not have the function of sending a locking signal to the upstream of the STU; the STU corresponding to the N-side line outlet circuit breaker has the same function as the STU in the ring main unit except that the STU does not have a function of sending a blocking signal to the downstream. The STU at the outlets on both sides can be regarded as a special ring main unit.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: the ring main unit i in the X1 state locks the internal breaker QFiNAnd actively sends a signal to an STU (standard terminal Unit) locking circuit breaker QF (quad Flat No-lead) in a downstream ring main unit(i+1)M(ii) a The ring main unit i in the X2 state locks the breaker QF in the ring main unitiMAnd actively sends a signal to an upstream looped network cabinet STU locking circuit breaker QF(i-1)N(ii) a All the ring main units i in the X3 state actively send a signal to the upstream ring main unit STU locking QF(i-1)NAnd simultaneously sends the signal to the STU locking QF of the downstream ring main unit(i+1)M。
3. The method of claim 2, wherein: when different positions in the distribution ring network have faults, current mutation with different degrees can occur, the current mutation can be used as a protection starting criterion, and the protection starting time is used as a time setting reference of all STUs; and determining a fault interval according to the state of each ring main unit after the fault, and completing the receiving and sending of locking signals between adjacent ring main units within a certain time, thereby completing protection tripping and realizing the automatic isolation of the fault interval, thereby forming the locking type pilot protection suitable for the closed-loop operation cable distribution ring network.
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| CN201610926247.5A CN106451383B (en) | 2016-10-24 | 2016-10-24 | A kind of blocking mode pilot protection method suitable for operation with closed ring cable distribution looped network |
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| CN106997020A (en) * | 2017-03-20 | 2017-08-01 | 中国石油大学(华东) | A kind of cable distributor track network fault positioning method based on forward-order current fault component phase bit comparison |
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| CN112290518A (en) * | 2020-10-23 | 2021-01-29 | 珠海许继电气有限公司 | Intelligent distributed feeder protection method and system based on 5G communication |
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