CN106440876A - External flow guiding type baffle rod U-tube U-housing pure counter-flow heat exchanger - Google Patents
External flow guiding type baffle rod U-tube U-housing pure counter-flow heat exchanger Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN106440876A CN106440876A CN201611086885.7A CN201611086885A CN106440876A CN 106440876 A CN106440876 A CN 106440876A CN 201611086885 A CN201611086885 A CN 201611086885A CN 106440876 A CN106440876 A CN 106440876A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- housing
- tube
- heat exchanger
- shell
- flow
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
- F28D7/06—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits having a single U-bend
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
- F28F9/22—Arrangements for directing heat-exchange media into successive compartments, e.g. arrangements of guide plates
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
- F28F9/26—Arrangements for connecting different sections of heat-exchange elements, e.g. of radiators
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
- F28F9/22—Arrangements for directing heat-exchange media into successive compartments, e.g. arrangements of guide plates
- F28F2009/222—Particular guide plates, baffles or deflectors, e.g. having particular orientation relative to an elongated casing or conduit
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an external flow guiding type baffle rod U-tube U-housing pure counter-flow heat exchanger. The heat exchanger comprises a U-shaped housing in which a U-shaped tube bundle is arranged, wherein a baffle rod assembly for supporting the U-shaped tube bundle is arranged on the U-shaped tube bundle; the housing comprises a first housing, a second housing, and a housing pass U-shaped tube end sealing head for connecting the first housing and the second housing; a first tube plate is arranged at a suspension end of the first housing; a second tube plate is arranged at the suspension end of the second housing; one end of the U-shaped tube bundle is fixedly connected with the first tube plate while the other end of the U-shaped tube bundle is fixedly connected with the second tube plate; a first sealing head barrel body is arranged at the suspension side of the first tube plate; a second sealing head barrel body is arranged at the suspension side of the second tube plate. According to the heat exchanger, the single-flow-path and pure counter-flow design of single heat exchanger is realized; the heat exchanger has the characteristics of being free of differential temperature stress, good in heat transfer effect, small in running resistance, compact in structure, free of impact on the tube bundle, and high in economy.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of heat exchangers, specifically one kind are for High Temperature High Pressure big temperature rise shell-side big flow no
The pure adverse current shell-and-tube heat exchanger of heat exchange between phase change fluid.
Background technology
Between High Temperature High Pressure big temperature rise shell-side big flow no phase change fluid, heat exchange is mainly used in high-temperature fuel gas and air or water
Deng media for heat exchange, and the heat exchange between the high-temperature molten salt of solar-thermal generating system and high-temperature steam and water, heat transfer temperature difference is big, and medium is
Up to 800 degrees Celsius of high-temperature, pressure up to 20MPa is plate type heat exchanger and other conventional tube shell heat exchanger is relatively difficult to achieve
, and necessary pure countercurrent flow, the predominantly traditional U pipe heat exchanger multiple stage tandem junction of currently used heat transmission equipment form
Structure is realized meeting temperature difference requirement or separate unit under the low flow velocity of heat exchange extreme difference, and this is accomplished by sacrificing very big heat-transfer surface
Long-pending.
Because heat exchanger needs to be suitable for High Temperature High Pressure big temperature difference big flow, using traditional shell-and-tube heat exchanger structure very
Difficult realization.It is devoted to design one kind for this those skilled in the art all the time and can be suitable for High Temperature High Pressure big temperature difference big flow
The high-performance heat exchanger of good effect of heat exchange, but only, not yet have new breakthrough at present.
Content of the invention
For the problems referred to above, the invention provides a kind of pure contra-flow heat exchanger of outer guide baffle rod U pipe U shell, this heat exchanger
Not only achieve the pure counter-flow designs of monomer heat exchanger single process, and have that no thermal (temperature difference) stress, heat-transfer effect be good, running resistance
Little, compact conformation, to tube bank no impact, good economy performance the features such as, so that the problem that traditional shell-and-tube heat exchanger is difficult to is obtained
With effectively solving, it is a kind of efficient energy-saving heat-exchange equipment.
The present invention solves its technical problem and is adopted the technical scheme that:
The pure contra-flow heat exchanger of outer guide baffle rod U pipe U shell, including U-shaped housing, sets in described U-shaped housing
It is equipped with U-tube bundle, described U-tube bundle is provided with the baffling bar assembly for supporting described U-tube bundle;
Described housing includes the first housing, the second housing and the shell for connecting the first described housing and the second housing
Journey U-tube end seal head;
One end away from shell side U-tube end seal head of described first housing is provided with the first tube sheet, described second housing
One end away from shell side U-tube end seal head is provided with the second tube sheet;
One end that described U-tube bundle is located in first shell body is fixedly connected with the first described tube sheet, described U-tube bundle position
One end in second shell body is fixedly connected with the second described tube sheet;
First seal head cylinder body is provided with the first described tube sheet, the second described tube sheet is provided with the second end socket cylinder
Body;
Tube side import is provided with the first described seal head cylinder body, the second described seal head cylinder body is provided with tube side and goes out
Mouthful.
Further, it is provided with the first outer flow-guiding structure between the first described housing and the first tube sheet, described second
It is provided with the second outer flow-guiding structure, the first described outer flow-guiding structure includes the first outer casing between housing and the second tube sheet,
And the diameter with diameter greater than described first housing of the first described outer casing, the first described outer casing is provided with shell
Journey exports, and the second described outer flow-guiding structure includes the second outer casing, and the second described outer casing with diameter greater than institute
State the diameter of the second housing, the second described outer casing is provided with shell side import.
Further, the inside of described first outside housing and the second outer casing is respectively arranged with circular the
One inner draft tube and the second inner draft tube, wherein said one end of the first inner draft tube is fixing with the first described housing even
Connect, described one end of the second inner draft tube is fixedly connected with the second described housing.
Further, the equal diameters of the described diameter of the first inner draft tube and the first described housing, described the
The diameter of two inner draft tubes and the equal diameters of the second described housing.
Further, the junction of the first described outer casing and the first tube sheet and the first housing, and described
The junction of two outer casings and the second tube sheet and the second housing is all using seamlessly transitting.
Further, the first described housing and the second housing are all fixedly installed on connecting plate, and by connecting plate with
The flange of described shell side U-tube end seal head is fixedly connected.
Further, described shell side U-tube end seal head include one for accommodate restrain bending section the 3rd housing, and
One and only one opening on the 3rd described housing, the outward flange of described opening is provided with and is connected with described connecting plate
Flange.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1st, because the housing of this heat exchanger and tube bank are all U-shaped, therefore housing and tube bank all can not existed with free wxpansion
The impact of thermal (temperature difference) stress.
2nd, because the housing of this heat exchanger and tube bank are all U-shaped, and tube side and shell-side are single process, so that housing
Diameter reduce, not only reduce difficulty of processing, and cost be greatly reduced.
3rd, because the housing of this heat exchanger and tube bank are all U-shaped, and achieve pure countercurrent flow during heat exchange, greatly
Improve heat transfer effect greatly, and then reduce heat exchange area.
4th, traditional heat exchanger, in order to avoid stopping of being restrained when shell side medium enters in housing, generally restrains
All can there is certain gap and housing between, and in order to meet heat transfer requirements, the quantity of tube bank cannot reduce, and the length restrained
Also limited (if tube bank is long, larger amount of deflection can be produced) by the factor such as movement requirement and itself amount of deflection, be merely able to for this
Increase the diameter of housing, not only can increase difficulty of processing, and will also result in the increase of cost.This heat exchanger is outer by employing
Flow-guiding structure, even if the diameter with diameter greater than housing of the outside housing of outer flow-guiding structure, thus headspace shell side medium enters
That is restrained when entering in housing stops, such tube sheet just can be abound with pipe, not only reduces tube sheet and diameter of the housing, and
Increase the shell-side circulation area at outer flow-guiding structure, reduce the impact to tube bank for the fluid media (medium).
5th, pass through to arrange inner draft tube in the inside of the outer casing of outer flow-guiding structure, on the one hand, avoid fluid media (medium)
Directly impact tube bank, reduces the impact to tube bank for the fluid media (medium);On the other hand, fluid media (medium) is forced first to flow at tube sheet,
Then in reverse flow, it is to avoid heat exchange blind area (slough) occurs.
6th, the junction of the outer casing of outer flow-guiding structure and tube sheet and housing is all using seamlessly transitting, thus avoiding
Vortex in junction.
7th, the shell fluid of this heat exchanger is longitudinal stream (being entirely along tube bank flowing), therefore, not only reduces
The resistance of shell-side circulation, and will not produce vibration.
Brief description
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the tube side media flow structural representation at the first seal head cylinder body;
Fig. 3 is the shell side media flow structural representation at the second outer flow-guiding structure.
In figure:11- first seal head cylinder body, 111- tube side import, 12- first tube sheet, the outer flow-guiding structure of 13- first, 133-
Shell-side outlet, 14- first housing, 21- second seal head cylinder body, 211- tube side exports, 22- second tube sheet, and the outer water conservancy diversion of 23- second is tied
Structure, 231- second outer casing, 232- second inner draft tube, 233- shell side import, 3- baffling bar assembly, 4-U type is restrained, 5- shell
Journey U-tube end seal head, 6- connecting plate.
Specific embodiment
As shown in figure 1, the pure contra-flow heat exchanger of outer guide baffle rod U pipe U shell includes U-shaped housing, described is U-shaped
It is provided with U-tube bundle 4 in housing, described U-tube bundle 4 is provided with the baffling bar assembly for supporting described U-tube bundle 4
3, described baffling bar assembly 3 adopts baffling bar assembly 3 of the prior art, will not be described here.
Described housing includes the first housing 14, the second housing and is used for connecting the first described housing 14 and the second housing
Shell side U-tube end seal 5, described the first housing 14, the second housing and shell side U-tube end seal 5 together form U-shaped knot
Structure.One end away from shell side U-tube end seal 5 of described first housing 14 is provided with the first tube sheet 12, described the second housing
The one end away from shell side U-tube end seal 5 be provided with the second tube sheet 22.Described U-tube bundle 4 be located at the first housing 14 in one
End is fixedly connected with the first described tube sheet 12, and described herein is fixedly connected mode using conventional welding.Described U
One end that type tube bank 4 is located in second shell body is fixedly connected with the second described tube sheet 22.It is provided with described first tube sheet 12
First seal head cylinder body 11, and together form the first bobbin carriage with the first described tube sheet 12.It is provided with described second tube sheet 22
Second seal head cylinder body 21, and together form the second bobbin carriage with the second described tube sheet 22.In the first described seal head cylinder body 11
Be provided with the tube side import 111 being connected with the first described bobbin carriage, the second described seal head cylinder body 21 is provided with described
The second bobbin carriage be connected tube side outlet 211.
Further, in order to avoid stopping of being restrained when shell side medium enters in housing, as shown in figure 1, described
The first housing 14 and the first tube sheet 12 between be provided with the first outer flow-guiding structure 13, the second described housing and the second tube sheet 22
Between be provided with the second outer flow-guiding structure 23.The first described outer flow-guiding structure 13 includes the first outer casing, and described
The diameter with diameter greater than described first housing 14 of one outer casing, the first described outer casing is provided with shell-side outlet
133.The second described outer flow-guiding structure 23 includes the second outer casing 231, and the diameter of the second described outer casing 231 is big
It is provided with shell side import 233 on the diameter of described second housing, the second described outer casing 231.Due to described first
The diameter with diameter greater than the first described housing 14 of outer casing, described the second outer casing 231 with diameter greater than described
The second housing diameter, therefore when carrying out tube bank arrangement, described U-tube bundle 4 and the first housing 14 and the second housing
Between the very little that just can stay of gap, make to be covered with tube bank on tube sheet, thus reducing the first tube sheet 12, the second tube sheet 22, first
Housing 14 and the diameter of the second housing.
Further, in order to avoid shell side medium directly impacts tube bank and heat exchange blind area, as shown in figure 3, described
The inside of the first outside housing and the second outer casing 231 is respectively arranged with circular the first inner draft tube and second leads
Flow cartridge 232, wherein said one end of the first inner draft tube is fixedly connected with the first described housing 14, can adopt here
The mode of conventional welding, the other end of described first inner draft tube is hanging, and the described diameter of the first inner draft tube and institute
The equal diameters of the first housing 14 stated.Described one end of the second inner draft tube 232 is fixedly connected with the second described housing,
The other end of described second inner draft tube 232 is hanging, and the described diameter of the second inner draft tube 232 and the second described housing
Equal diameters.When so working, enter into the shell side medium in housing and will not directly impact U-tube bundle 4, by inner draft tube
Stop, can circulation is initially formed between inner draft tube and outer casing, then along inner draft tube free end enter in
On the one hand portion, so avoid and forming heat exchange blind area at tube sheet, internal in entrance after on the other hand forming circulation,
Avoid the direct impact to U-tube bundle 4.
Further, in order to avoid vortex in the junction between outer casing and housing, as shown in figure 3, institute
The first outer casing stated and the junction of the first tube sheet 12 and the first housing 14, and described second outer casing 231 with
The junction of the second tube sheet 22 and the second housing is all using seamlessly transitting.
Further, in order to avoid weak shell side U-tube end seal 5 is stressed directly, as shown in figure 1, described first
Housing 14 and the second housing are all fixedly installed on connecting plate 6, and the method by connecting plate 6 and described shell side U-tube end seal 5
Orchid is fixedly connected.So, the bending force between the first housing 14 and the second housing is just applied on thicker connecting plate 6, it is to avoid
Weak shell side U-tube end seal 5 is stressed directly.
Further, in order to easy for installation, as shown in figure 1, described shell side U-tube end seal 5 includes one and is used for holding
Receive tube bank bending section curved face the 3rd housing, and one and only one opening, described opening on the 3rd described housing
Outward flange be provided with the flange being connected with described connecting plate.
Workflow is, as shown in Fig. 2 the configured tube side import 111 in the first seal head cylinder body 11 of tube side medium is entered
Enter the first bobbin carriage, then U-tube bundle 4 is entered by the first tube sheet 12, complete heat transfer process and enter the second bobbin carriage, and through the second envelope
Tube side outlet 211 outflow on head cylinder 21.The configured shell side import 233 on the second outer casing 231 of shell side medium is entered
Enter the second housing, carry out heat exchange through baffling bar assembly 3 flow-disturbing and U-tube bundle 4, then pass through shell side U-tube end seal head and enter
Second housing, and carry out heat exchange through baffling bar assembly 3 flow-disturbing and U-tube bundle 4, finally configured in the first described outer shell
Shell-side outlet 133 on body, completes shell journey heat exchanging process.This heat transfer process no thermal (temperature difference) stress, heat-transfer effect is good, run resistance
Power is little, tube bank is no impacted and heat exchange efficiency is high.
Claims (7)
1. the pure contra-flow heat exchanger of outer guide baffle rod U pipe U shell it is characterised in that:Including U-shaped housing, described is U-shaped
It is provided with U-tube bundle in housing, described U-tube bundle is provided with the baffling bar assembly for supporting described U-tube bundle;
Described housing includes the first housing, the second housing and the shell side U for connecting the first described housing and the second housing
Type pipe end end socket;
One end away from shell side U-tube end seal head of described first housing is provided with the first tube sheet, described second housing away from
One end of shell side U-tube end seal head is provided with the second tube sheet;
One end that described U-tube bundle is located in first shell body is fixedly connected with the first described tube sheet, and described U-tube bundle is positioned at the
One end in two housings is fixedly connected with the second described tube sheet;
First seal head cylinder body is provided with the first described tube sheet, the second described tube sheet is provided with the second seal head cylinder body;
Tube side import is provided with the first described seal head cylinder body, the second described seal head cylinder body is provided with tube side outlet.
2. the pure contra-flow heat exchanger of outer guide baffle rod U pipe U shell according to claim 1 it is characterised in that:Described first
It is provided with the first outer flow-guiding structure between housing and the first tube sheet, between the second described housing and the second tube sheet, be provided with second
Outer flow-guiding structure, the first described outer flow-guiding structure includes the first outer casing, and the diameter of the first described outer casing is big
Shell-side outlet is provided with the diameter of described first housing, the first described outer casing, described the second outer flow-guiding structure
Including the second outer casing, and the diameter with diameter greater than described second housing of the second described outer casing, described second
Shell side import is provided with outer casing.
3. the pure contra-flow heat exchanger of outer guide baffle rod U pipe U shell according to claim 2 it is characterised in that:Described first
The inside of outside housing and the second outer casing is respectively arranged with the first circular inner draft tube and the second inner draft tube, its
Described in one end of the first inner draft tube be fixedly connected with the first described housing, described one end of the second inner draft tube with
The second described housing is fixedly connected.
4. the pure contra-flow heat exchanger of outer guide baffle rod U pipe U shell according to claim 3 it is characterised in that:Described first
The equal diameters of the diameter of inner draft tube and the first described housing, the described diameter of the second inner draft tube and described second
The equal diameters of housing.
5. the pure contra-flow heat exchanger of outer guide baffle rod U pipe U shell according to claim 2 it is characterised in that:Described first
Outer casing and the junction of the first tube sheet and the first housing, and the second described outer casing and the second tube sheet and second shell
The junction of body is all using seamlessly transitting.
6. the pure contra-flow heat exchanger of outer guide baffle rod U pipe U shell according to claim 1 it is characterised in that:Described first
Housing and the second housing are all fixedly installed on connecting plate, and solid with the flange of described shell side U-tube end seal head by connecting plate
Fixed connection.
7. the pure contra-flow heat exchanger of outer guide baffle rod U pipe U shell according to claim 1 it is characterised in that:Described shell side
U-tube end seal head include one for accommodate restrain the 3rd housing of bending section, and have on the 3rd described housing and only one
Individual opening, the outward flange of described opening is provided with the flange being connected with described connecting plate.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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CN201611086885.7A CN106440876A (en) | 2016-11-30 | 2016-11-30 | External flow guiding type baffle rod U-tube U-housing pure counter-flow heat exchanger |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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CN201611086885.7A CN106440876A (en) | 2016-11-30 | 2016-11-30 | External flow guiding type baffle rod U-tube U-housing pure counter-flow heat exchanger |
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Publication Number | Publication Date |
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CN106440876A true CN106440876A (en) | 2017-02-22 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
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CN201611086885.7A Pending CN106440876A (en) | 2016-11-30 | 2016-11-30 | External flow guiding type baffle rod U-tube U-housing pure counter-flow heat exchanger |
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN106802098A (en) * | 2017-03-10 | 2017-06-06 | 东方电气集团东方锅炉股份有限公司 | Hairpin-type heat exchanger and its assembly method |
CN108377634A (en) * | 2018-04-25 | 2018-08-07 | 四川大学 | Cooling system and method based on phase-change thermal energy conversion |
CN110145947A (en) * | 2019-06-19 | 2019-08-20 | 哈尔滨汽轮机厂辅机工程有限公司 | A kind of high temperature and pressure compressed air heat exchanger structure |
CN115031554A (en) * | 2022-08-10 | 2022-09-09 | 山西阳煤化工机械(集团)有限公司 | U-shaped tube heat exchanger |
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CN2529185Y (en) * | 2002-02-27 | 2003-01-01 | 傅光胜 | Heat exchanger having glass-lined U-bend tube |
CN2819155Y (en) * | 2005-06-18 | 2006-09-20 | 湖南金信化工有限责任公司 | Cased heat exchanger |
CN201772780U (en) * | 2010-08-23 | 2011-03-23 | 中广核工程有限公司 | Hair clip type rod-baffle heat exchanger |
CN202485495U (en) * | 2012-02-28 | 2012-10-10 | 华北电力大学 | Shell-and-tube type heat exchanger of baffle of ADS (accelerator driven system) reactor |
CN204495127U (en) * | 2015-02-11 | 2015-07-22 | 张诗山 | New U-Shaped Heat Exchanger |
CN206235200U (en) * | 2016-11-30 | 2017-06-09 | 山东北辰机电设备股份有限公司 | The outer guide baffle rod U pipes pure contra-flow heat exchanger of U shells |
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2016
- 2016-11-30 CN CN201611086885.7A patent/CN106440876A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN2529185Y (en) * | 2002-02-27 | 2003-01-01 | 傅光胜 | Heat exchanger having glass-lined U-bend tube |
CN2819155Y (en) * | 2005-06-18 | 2006-09-20 | 湖南金信化工有限责任公司 | Cased heat exchanger |
CN201772780U (en) * | 2010-08-23 | 2011-03-23 | 中广核工程有限公司 | Hair clip type rod-baffle heat exchanger |
CN202485495U (en) * | 2012-02-28 | 2012-10-10 | 华北电力大学 | Shell-and-tube type heat exchanger of baffle of ADS (accelerator driven system) reactor |
CN204495127U (en) * | 2015-02-11 | 2015-07-22 | 张诗山 | New U-Shaped Heat Exchanger |
CN206235200U (en) * | 2016-11-30 | 2017-06-09 | 山东北辰机电设备股份有限公司 | The outer guide baffle rod U pipes pure contra-flow heat exchanger of U shells |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN106802098A (en) * | 2017-03-10 | 2017-06-06 | 东方电气集团东方锅炉股份有限公司 | Hairpin-type heat exchanger and its assembly method |
CN106802098B (en) * | 2017-03-10 | 2024-01-12 | 东方电气集团东方锅炉股份有限公司 | Hairpin heat exchanger and method of assembling the same |
CN108377634A (en) * | 2018-04-25 | 2018-08-07 | 四川大学 | Cooling system and method based on phase-change thermal energy conversion |
CN110145947A (en) * | 2019-06-19 | 2019-08-20 | 哈尔滨汽轮机厂辅机工程有限公司 | A kind of high temperature and pressure compressed air heat exchanger structure |
CN115031554A (en) * | 2022-08-10 | 2022-09-09 | 山西阳煤化工机械(集团)有限公司 | U-shaped tube heat exchanger |
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Application publication date: 20170222 |