CN106434828A - 一种发酵型金雀花烟用香料的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种发酵型金雀花烟用香料的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种发酵型金雀花烟用香料的制备方法。所述金雀花烟用香料的制备步骤如下:取金雀花,加入水高温灭菌后冷却、调节pH值,加入纤维素酶和糖化酶,在温度40~60℃的恒温摇床中酶解反应,然后向酶解液中加入葡萄糖,硫酸铵,七水硫酸镁,氯化钠,七水硫酸亚铁,并高温灭菌后,加入活化后的植物乳酸菌、爪哇根霉、克鲁斯假丝酵母发酵反应后,取发酵物加水加热回流提取后过滤,收集滤液,减压浓缩至膏状得到金雀花烟用香料。本发明制备的烟用香料包括各种烟草用香味化合物,如醇类、醛类、酮类、酸类、酯类、酚类、呋喃类等;将其添加到卷烟中,降低了卷烟中的杂气和刺激性,醇和了烟气,增加了卷烟的香气和余味较舒适感。
Description
技术领域
本发明提供一种烟用香料的制备,具体是一种发酵型金雀花烟用香料的制备方法。
背景技术
金雀花(Parochetus communis),又名金孔雀、金鹊花、阳雀花、生血草(云南)、一颗血等,属豆科蝶形花亚科锦鸡儿属(Caragana chinensisi Turcz.ex Maxim)植物。主要分布在四川、云南、西藏,印度、尼泊尔、不丹、斯里兰卡、缅甸、泰国、马来西亚和非洲东部也有分布,生于海拔1500-2000m的山坡和灌丛中。它是一种药食同源植物,根皮和花可入药,在《全国中草药汇编》、《中药大辞典》、《滇南本草》和《云南天然药物图鉴》中均已收录。金雀花含有蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物、多种维生素、多种矿物质等成分金雀花。其性味微温甜,具有滋阴、和血、健脾的功效。治劳热咳嗽、头晕腰酸、妇女气喘白带、小儿疳积、乳痈、跌打损伤等。《植物各实图考》载“滋阴,补阳”。《上海常用中草药》载“活血祛风、止咳、强壮。治头晕头痛、耳鸣眼花、肺虚久咳、小儿疳积”。
生物法(或称生物转化法)包括微生物细胞法和生物酶法。近年来,随着生物技术日新月异的发展,采用生物法生产香料的工作也取得了很大进展。生物转化法生产烟用香料的特点是采用各种不同的酶或微生物,包括水合酶、异构酶、脱氨基酶、氧合酶、氧化酶、羟基化酶及脱羧酶等。但现有技术中,利用金雀花为原料采用生物酶和微生物复合发酵技术生产特色烟用香料的方法未见报道。
发明内容
本发明根据现有技术的不足提供一种发酵型金雀花烟用香料的制备方法,该方法以金雀花为原料,在酶的促进作用和微生物体内复杂代谢的协同作用下,形成复杂的低分子化合物,制备成烟用香料,该香烟中包括各种烟草中的香气组分,添加到烟草中,可以降低卷烟杂气,醇和烟气,增加卷烟的香气和余味舒适度。
本发明提供的技术方案:所述一种发酵型金雀花烟用香料的制备方法,其特征在于具体步骤如下:
(1)取金雀花,按照原料与水1:1~1:3的比例加入水,在121℃下灭菌5~10min,冷却至室温后,调节pH值至4.5~7.0,加入金雀花重量0.5~1.5%的纤维素酶和0.5~1.5%的糖化酶,在温度40~60℃的恒温摇床中反应2~5h,再调节pH值至3.0~6.0,在温度30~55℃的恒温摇床中反应1~3h;
(2)向步骤(1)中反应之后的金雀花酶解液中按照金雀花酶解液的质量百分比加入1~5%葡萄糖,0.1~1%硫酸铵,0.1~0.5%七水硫酸镁,0.1~1%氯化钠,0.05~0.12%七水硫酸亚铁,然后在115℃下灭菌5~15min得到预处理的金雀花酶解液;
(3)发酵菌种的活化:
a.植物乳酸菌(来源于武汉大学中国典型培养物保藏中心,资源编号为BNCC185429)的活化:取植物乳酸菌,接种于准备好的MRS斜面培养基上,放置于30~35℃的恒温培养箱中培养24~48h使菌种活化,再将活化的菌种接种于MRS液体培养基中,于30~35℃恒温培养24~48h,得到活化的植物乳酸菌种子液;
b.爪哇根霉(来源于武汉大学中国典型培养物保藏中心,资源编号为BNCC183863)的活化:取爪哇根霉,接种于准备好的察氏酵母膏琼脂培养基上,放置于28~30℃的恒温培养箱中培养至长出孢子,用接种铲刮取长有孢子的菌丝至装有无菌水的三角瓶中,加入无菌玻璃珠振荡,用塞棉花的无菌漏斗过滤,收集滤液,调整孢子液浓度至106个/ml,得到爪哇根霉种子液;
c.克鲁斯假丝酵母(来源于武汉大学中国典型培养物保藏中心,资源编号为BNCC185429)的活化:取克鲁斯假丝酵母,接种于准备好的YPD斜面培养基上,放置于30℃的恒温培养箱中培养24~48h使菌种活化,再将活化的菌种接种于YPD液体培养基中,于25~30℃恒温培养24~48h,得到活化的克鲁斯假丝酵母种子液;
(4).将步骤(3)中活化好的菌种按照一定量接种至步骤(2)中预处理好的金雀花酶解液中,在温度25~35℃,转速100~200r/min的恒温摇床中培养24~72h进行发酵反应;所述均种的接种量按照金雀花酶解液的质量百分比为:植物乳酸菌种子液1~5%,爪哇根霉种子液0.5~2%,克鲁斯假丝酵母种子液1~3%;
(5).取步骤(4)中发酵后的全部发酵物,然后按照发酵物与水的重量比1:0.5-1:2的比例加入水,加热至85℃~95℃回流提取1~2h,采用0.8μm的滤膜过滤,收集滤液,减压浓缩至膏状得到金雀花烟用香料,减压浓缩的压力为0.08MPa。
本发明较优的技术方案:所述步骤(1)中两次酶解反应的恒温摇床转速为100~200r/min。
本发明较优的技术方案:所述步骤(3)中活化植物乳酸菌的MRS液体培养基的配方如下:10g酪蛋白胨,10g牛肉膏,5g酵母粉,5g葡萄糖,5g乙酸钠,2g柠檬酸二铵,1g的Tween80,2g的K2HPO4,0.2g的MgSO4.7H2O,0.05g的MnSO4.H2O,20g的CaCO3,1L蒸馏水,pH6.8;所述MRS斜面培养基是在MRS液体培养基的配方中加入15g琼脂;所述MRS液体培养基和MRS斜面培养基在配制好之后均在115℃下灭菌20min。
本发明较优的技术方案:所述步骤(3)中活化爪哇根霉的察氏酵母膏琼脂培养基的配方如下:30g蔗糖,3g的NaNO3,0.5g的MgSO4·7H2O,0.5g的KCl,0.01g的FeSO4·4H2O,1g的K2HPO4,15g琼脂,1L蒸馏水,pH6.0~6.5,所述培养基在配制好之后以115℃灭菌20min。
本发明较优的技术方案:所述步骤(3)中克鲁斯假丝酵母的YPD培养基的配方如下:葡萄糖20g,酵母膏10g,蛋白胨20g,蒸馏水100mL;所述YPD斜面培养基是在YPD培养基配方中添加15g琼脂;所述YPD培养基和YPD斜面培养基在配制好之后均以115℃灭菌20min。
本发明在酶促作用和微生物体内复杂代谢的协同作用下,以金雀花为原料发生分解、降解、氧化、还原、聚合、偶联、转化等作用,形成含有复杂的低分子化合物的烟用香料,该烟用香料包括各种香味化合物,如醇类、醛类、酮类、酸类、酯类、酚类、呋喃类、吡嗪类、吡啶类和萜烯类等,这些香气物质无疑也是烟草的香气组分;将其添加到卷烟中,降低了卷烟中的杂气和刺激性,醇和了烟气,增加了卷烟的香气和余味较舒适感,口腔较干净,无残留。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步说明。本发明中的发酵菌种活化过程如下:
植物乳酸菌(来源于武汉大学中国典型培养物保藏中心,资源编号为BNCC185429)的活化:取植物乳酸菌,接种于准备好的MRS斜面培养基上,放置于30~35℃的恒温培养箱中培养24~48h使菌种活化,再将活化的菌种接种于MRS液体培养基中,于30~35℃恒温培养24~48h,得到活化的种子液。MRS培养基:酪蛋白胨10g,牛肉膏10g,酵母粉5g,葡萄糖5g,乙酸钠5g,柠檬酸二铵2g,Tween 80 1g,K2HPO4 2g,MgSO4.7H2O 0.2g,MnSO4.H2O 0.05g,CaCO3 20g,蒸馏水1L,pH6.8。(斜面培养基需加琼脂15g),以115℃灭菌20min。
爪哇根霉(来源于武汉大学中国典型培养物保藏中心,资源编号为BNCC183863)的活化:取爪哇根霉,接种于准备好的察氏酵母膏琼脂培养基上,放置于28~30℃的恒温培养箱中培养至长出孢子,用接种铲刮取长有孢子的菌丝至装有无菌水的三角瓶中,加入无菌玻璃珠振荡,用塞棉花的无菌漏斗过滤,收集滤液,调整孢子液浓度至106个/ml,得到种子液。察氏酵母膏琼脂培养基:蔗糖30g,NaNO3 3g,MgSO4·7H2O 0.5g,KCl 0.5g,FeSO4·4H2O0.01g,K2HPO4 1g,琼脂15g,蒸馏水1L,pH6.0~6.5,以115℃灭菌20min。
克鲁斯假丝酵母(来源于武汉大学中国典型培养物保藏中心,资源编号为BNCC185429)的活化:取克鲁斯假丝酵母,接种于准备好的YPD斜面培养基上,放置于30℃的恒温培养箱中培养24~48h使菌种活化,再将活化的菌种接种于YPD液体培养基中,于25~30℃恒温培养24~48h,得到活化的种子液。YPD培养基:葡萄糖20g,酵母膏10g,蛋白胨20g,蒸馏水100mL(斜面培养基需加琼脂15g),以115℃灭菌20min。
实施例1:所述一种发酵型金雀花烟用香料的制备方法,其特征在于具体步骤如下:
(1)称取100g金雀花,至500ml三角瓶中,按照原料与水1:2的比例加入水,在121℃下灭菌5~10min,冷却至室温后,调节pH值至4.5~7.0,加入金雀花重量的1%的纤维素酶和1%的糖化酶,在温度50℃,转速100~200r/min的恒温摇床中反应4h,再调节pH值至3.0~6.0,在温度40℃,转速100~200r/min的恒温摇床中反应2h;
(2)向上述金雀花酶解液中加入金雀花酶解液重量的3%葡萄糖,0.5%硫酸铵,0.3%七水硫酸镁,0.5%氯化钠,0.1%七水硫酸亚铁,在115℃下灭菌5~15min;
(3)将活化好的菌种按照一定量接种至预处理好的酶解液中,在温度温度25~35℃,转速100~200r/min的恒温摇床中培养24~72h;接种量为:植物乳酸菌3%,爪哇根霉1%,克鲁斯假丝酵母2%;
(4)将发酵物全部加入至1000ml圆底烧瓶中,加入200ml水,加热至90℃回流,提取1.5h,采用0.8μm的滤膜过滤,收集滤液,减压浓缩至膏状,减压浓缩的压力为0.08MPa。
实施例2:所述一种发酵型金雀花烟用香料的制备方法,其特征在于具体步骤如下:
(1)称取100g金雀花,至500ml三角瓶中,按照原料与水1:1的比例加入水,在121℃下灭菌8min,冷却至室温后,调节pH值至4.5~7.0,加入金雀花重量的1.5%的纤维素酶和0.5%的糖化酶,在温度60℃,转速100~200r/min的恒温摇床中反应2h,再调节pH值至3.0~6.0,在温度30℃,转速100~200r/min的恒温摇床中反应3h;
(2)向步骤(1)中的金雀花酶解液中加入5%葡萄糖,0.8%硫酸铵,0.5%七水硫酸镁,0.3%氯化钠,0.12%七水硫酸亚铁,在115℃下灭菌10min;
(3)将活化好的菌种按照一定量接种至预处理好的酶解液中,在温度温度25~35℃,转速100~200r/min的恒温摇床中培养24~72h;接种量为:植物乳酸菌5%,爪哇根霉1%,克鲁斯假丝酵母3%;
(4)将发酵物全部加入至1000ml圆底烧瓶中,加入300ml水,加热至95℃回流,提取2h,采用0.8μm的滤膜过滤,收集滤液,减压浓缩至膏状,减压浓缩的压力为0.08MPa。
试验1,金雀花烟用香料挥发性成分分析:
(1)色谱条件:采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(Gas chromatography -massspectrometry,GC/MS)对提取物进行分析;色谱柱为HP-5MS,规格为50cm×0.25mm×0.25μm;载气为氮气,进气量1.0mL/min;进样口温度260℃;升温速度50℃/min,5min升到250℃;进样量1μL,不分流;IE离子源,70eV,扫描范围50~650amu,传输线温度250℃;使用WILEY和MAINLIB谱库检索。
(2)金雀花烟用香料前处理:取0.1g实施1中制备的金雀花烟用香料提取物,加入10ml无水乙醇,使其充分溶解,静置2h,取上清液,利用0.4um的微孔过滤器过滤,滤液放置于GC/MS自动进样器中进行分析,具体成分分析结果如表1:
表1实施1中制备的金雀花烟用香料的成分分析结果
通过上述成分分析表可以看出,本发明制备的金雀花烟用香料包括各种烟草中的香气组分如醇类、醛类、酮类、酸类、酯类、酚类、呋喃类、吡嗪类、吡啶类和萜烯类等。
试验2,金雀花烟用香料应用效果评价:
取在温度22℃±1℃和相对湿度(RH)60%±2%下平衡好的单料烟丝10g若干份,按其质量的0.1%、0.2%、0.5%分别称取实施例1中制备的金雀花烟用香料,用适量的蒸馏水稀释后,用喉头喷管均匀的喷在烟丝上,加香的烟丝样品放入温度22℃±1℃和相对湿度(RH)60%±2%的恒温恒湿箱中平衡48h,用填烟器分别将加香的烟丝制成烟支,再在温度22℃±1℃和相对湿度(RH)60%±2%的恒温恒湿箱中平衡48h,请专业的卷烟感官评吸小组进行评吸,卷烟评价效果如表2:
表2为实施例1中金雀花烟用香料按照不同比列添加到卷烟中的评吸结果
通过上述评价结果可以看出,本发明中制备的金雀花烟用香料添加到卷烟烟丝中,可以降低卷烟杂气,增加卷烟香气,添加金雀花烟用香料后卷烟在吸食过程中烟气更加柔和、平滑,刺激性减小,余味较舒适,口腔较干净,无残留。
Claims (5)
1.一种发酵型金雀花烟用香料的制备方法,其特征在于具体步骤如下:
(1)取金雀花,按照原料与水1:1~1:3的比例加入水,在121℃下灭菌5~10min,冷却至室温后,调节pH值至4.5~7.0,加入金雀花重量0.5~1.5%的纤维素酶和0.5~1.5%的糖化酶,在温度40~60℃的恒温摇床中反应2~5h,再调节pH值至3.0~6.0,在温度30~55℃的恒温摇床中反应1~3h;
(2)向步骤(1)中反应之后的金雀花酶解液中按照金雀花酶解液的质量百分比加入1~5%葡萄糖,0.1~1%硫酸铵,0.1~0.5%七水硫酸镁,0.1~1%氯化钠,0.05~0.12%七水硫酸亚铁,然后在115℃下灭菌5~15min得到预处理的金雀花酶解液;
(3)发酵菌种的活化:
a.植物乳酸菌(来源于武汉大学中国典型培养物保藏中心,资源编号为BNCC185429)的活化:取植物乳酸菌,接种于准备好的MRS斜面培养基上,放置于30~35℃的恒温培养箱中培养24~48h使菌种活化,再将活化的菌种接种于MRS液体培养基中,于30~35℃恒温培养24~48h,得到活化的植物乳酸菌种子液;
b.爪哇根霉(来源于武汉大学中国典型培养物保藏中心,资源编号为BNCC183863)的活化:取爪哇根霉,接种于准备好的察氏酵母膏琼脂培养基上,放置于28~30℃的恒温培养箱中培养至长出孢子,用接种铲刮取长有孢子的菌丝至装有无菌水的三角瓶中,加入无菌玻璃珠振荡,用塞棉花的无菌漏斗过滤,收集滤液,调整孢子液浓度至106个/ml,得到爪哇根霉种子液;
c.克鲁斯假丝酵母(来源于武汉大学中国典型培养物保藏中心,资源编号为BNCC185429)的活化:取克鲁斯假丝酵母,接种于准备好的YPD斜面培养基上,放置于30℃的恒温培养箱中培养24~48h使菌种活化,再将活化的菌种接种于YPD液体培养基中,于25~30℃恒温培养24~48h,得到活化的克鲁斯假丝酵母种子液;
(4).将步骤(3)中活化好的菌种按照一定量接种至步骤(2)中预处理好的金雀花酶解液中,在温度25~35℃,转速100~200r/min的恒温摇床中培养24~72h进行发酵反应;所述均种的接种量按照金雀花酶解液的质量百分比为:植物乳酸菌种子液1~5%,爪哇根霉种子液0.5~2%,克鲁斯假丝酵母种子液1~3%;
(5).取步骤(4)中发酵后的全部发酵物,然后按照发酵物与水的重量比1:0.5-1:2的比例加入水,加热至85℃~95℃回流提取1~2h,采用0.8μm的滤膜过滤,收集滤液,减压浓缩至膏状的金雀花烟用香料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种发酵型金雀花烟用香料的制备方法,其特征在于所述步骤(1)中两次酶解反应的恒温摇床转速为100~200r/min。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种发酵型金雀花烟用香料的制备方法,其特征在于所述步骤(3)中活化植物乳酸菌的MRS液体培养基的配方如下:10g酪蛋白胨,10g牛肉膏,5g酵母粉,5g葡萄糖,5g乙酸钠,2g柠檬酸二铵,1g的Tween 80,2g的K2HPO4,0.2g的MgSO4.7H2O,0.05g的MnSO4.H2O,20g的CaCO3,1L蒸馏水,pH6.8;所述MRS斜面培养基是在MRS液体培养基的配方中加入15g琼脂;所述MRS液体培养基和MRS斜面培养基在配制好之后均在115℃下灭菌20min。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种发酵型金雀花烟用香料的制备方法,其特征在于所述步骤(3)中活化爪哇根霉的察氏酵母膏琼脂培养基的配方如下:30g蔗糖,3g的NaNO3,0.5g的MgSO4·7H2O,0.5g的KCl,0.01g的FeSO4·4H2O,1g的K2HPO4,15g琼脂,1L蒸馏水,pH6.0~6.5,所述培养基在配制好之后以115℃灭菌20min。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种发酵型金雀花烟用香料的制备方法,其特征在于所述步骤(3)中克鲁斯假丝酵母的YPD培养基的配方如下:葡萄糖20g,酵母膏10g,蛋白胨20g,蒸馏水100mL;所述YPD斜面培养基是在YPD培养基配方中添加15g琼脂;所述YPD培养基和YPD斜面培养基在配制好之后均以115℃灭菌20min。
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CN107354174A (zh) * | 2017-05-10 | 2017-11-17 | 云南中烟工业有限责任公司 | 一种利用微生物发酵核桃隔制备的烟用香料及其应用 |
CN117281751A (zh) * | 2023-03-17 | 2023-12-26 | 广州宾缇生物科技有限公司 | 一种发酵金雀花提取物的制备方法及其应用 |
CN117281751B (zh) * | 2023-03-17 | 2024-04-05 | 广州宾缇生物科技有限公司 | 一种发酵金雀花提取物的制备方法及其应用 |
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