CN106392367A - Solder for brazing red copper and graphite and brazing method - Google Patents
Solder for brazing red copper and graphite and brazing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106392367A CN106392367A CN201611026620.8A CN201611026620A CN106392367A CN 106392367 A CN106392367 A CN 106392367A CN 201611026620 A CN201611026620 A CN 201611026620A CN 106392367 A CN106392367 A CN 106392367A
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- Prior art keywords
- solder
- graphite
- brazing
- red copper
- balance
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/28—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 950 degrees C
- B23K35/286—Al as the principal constituent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/008—Soldering within a furnace
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/20—Preliminary treatment of work or areas to be soldered, e.g. in respect of a galvanic coating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/20—Preliminary treatment of work or areas to be soldered, e.g. in respect of a galvanic coating
- B23K1/206—Cleaning
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Ceramic Products (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses solder for brazing red copper and graphite and a brazing method. The solder comprises the following elemental compositions in percent by weight: 20-25 percent of Ag, 10-15 percent of Cu, 10-15 percent of Ti and the balance of Al. The brazing temperature of the Al-based Ag-Cu-Ti lead-free solder is 950-1,030 DEG C, and the melting temperature of the solder is moderate; through addition of related beneficial elements, graphite is wetted and spread well by the solder; an obtained brazed joint is high in strength and high in corrosion resistance, can be completely applied in a complex environment, and is economic solder with high comprehensive performance; the brazing process is simple and reasonable; by adoption of a vacuum furnace brazing method, brazing flux is not required and other protection measures are not taken during the brazing process; and a high vacuum environment cooperates with setting of reasonable technological parameters, so that the whole component is free from deformation, micro cracks, air holes and impurities, and the brazed joint with high mechanical property is beneficial for being obtained.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the brazing solder of red copper and graphite and method for welding, belong to soldering field.
Background technology
Graphite has high-melting-point, low-density, low thermal coefficient of expansion and higher thermal shock resistance.Graphite also has good
Good electric conductivity and excellent corrosion resistance, graphite is the higher exotic material of specific strength.But graphite itself is relatively low
Mechanical strength then limit it application it is often necessary to metallic matrix composition composite, realize the mutual of aspect of performance
Mend.Red copper has excellent electric conductivity, plasticity, ductility and corrosion resistance.Red copper and being reliably connected of graphite can expand two kinds of materials
The application of material, in such applications, soldering serves highly important effect.
Graphite mainly has following difficult point with the soldering of metal：(1) graphite is poor or complete to the wetability of most of solders
Entirely nonwetting；(2) linear expansion coefficient of graphite is lower than most metals, and postwelding easily produces stress concentration and ftractures；(3) graphite
Itself there is certain porosity, after brazing filler metal melts, easily flow into graphite hole gap, make top layer solder be difficult to sprawl.
Graphite can be divided into two classes with the method for welding of copper, and a class is to carry out soldering after graphite or Treatment of Metal Surface, main
If in graphite or copper plated surface layer of Ni, Cu or with plasma spray coating one layer of Ti, Zr etc., then soldering is carried out using solder.
But such a process increases a procedure, complex process, practical application is not wide.Second is using the direct pricker of active solder
Weldering, this is the more method of current application.Reacted with graphite at high temperature using the active element containing in solder, on boundary
Generate carbide at face and improve wetability, Ti, Nb, Zr isoreactivity element is big to the affinity of carbon, easily forms active pricker with Cu, Ag
Material.Mainly there is the Ag-Cu solder of Ti base using the active solder of common soldering graphite and red copper, wherein, the Ag-Cu pricker of Ti base
Material brazing temperature has large variation with composition transfer.
Content of the invention
Goal of the invention：In order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides the soldering of a kind of red copper and graphite
Solder and method for welding, the solder providing is a kind of good economical solder of combination property, and the soldering processes of design simply close
Reason, both use cooperatively the soldered fitting that finally can obtain excellent in mechanical performance.
Technical scheme：For achieving the above object, the brazing solder of the red copper of the present invention and graphite, described solder by weight hundred
Divide and include than the elemental composition of meter：Ag20%～25%, Cu10%～15%, Ti10%～15%, balance of Al.
Preferably, described solder is foil-like, thickness is 0.1～0.5mm.
The composition of described solder and mass percent proportioning are：Ag20%, Cu10%, Ti10%, balance of Al；Solder is thick
Spend for 0.1mm.Or the composition of described solder and mass percent proportioning are：Ag22%, Cu12%, Ti12%, balance of Al；
Solder thickness is 0.3mm.Or the composition of described solder and mass percent proportioning are：Ag25%, Cu15%, Ti15%, remaining
Measure as Al；Solder thickness is 0.5mm.
A kind of method for welding using a kind of above-mentioned red copper and the brazing solder of graphite, comprises the following steps：
(1) preparatory stage：Red copper to be welded and graphite sample end face are cleared up, remove the impurity on surface, greasy dirt with
And oxide-film, it is ground using W40～W7 abrasive paper for metallograph smooth, carried out two-sided for solder paillon foil using W7 abrasive paper for metallograph
Grind smooth, after grinding, sample to be welded and solder paillon foil are placed in acetone together, 15～20min is cleaned using ultrasonic wave, and
Carry out drying and processing；
(2) assembling stage：Solder after cleaning is placed between red copper and graphite welding surface, by red copper, graphite and pricker
Material with red copper upper, graphite under, the middle order for solder, put into vacuum drying oven in the way of docking.
(3) the soldering connection stage：The sample assembling is placed in vacuum and is not less than 1 × 10-3In the brazing equipment of Pa, first
First with the ramp of 8～12 DEG C/min to 800～850 DEG C, it is incubated 15～20min, then the ramp with 8～12 DEG C/min
To 1000～1030 DEG C, temperature retention time 15～20min, then it is cooled to 400～450 DEG C with the speed of 10～15 DEG C/min, insulation
Time 5～10min, finally cools to room temperature with the furnace, completes to weld.
The brazing material that the present invention provides, the Ag-Cu solder changed over based on Ti base, by using Al base
Ag-Cu-Ti solder, on the one hand improves the wetting and spreading to graphite for the solder, makes solder have good soldering processes performance,
Heat-and corrosion-resistant performance and processing characteristics, meet the copper and graphite soldered fitting performance requirement in complex environment.On the other hand
Because Al instead of Ti so that the cost of solder substantially reduces.
It is in particular in：Appropriate Al combines, with Ti's, the TiAl3 intermetallic compound that can form densification at high temperature,
There is preferable high-temperature oxidation resistant and croop property.Although the plasticity of TiAl3 is poor, in binder course, TiAl3 accounting is few,
Main component is intensity, hardness is higher TiC and plasticity and toughness preferable Ag-Cu solid solution, tiny TiC and TiAl3 particle is more
Dissipate be distributed in around Ag-Cu solid solution, softer Ag-Cu solid solution matrix can play alleviate stress effect, TiC and
TiAl3 particle can improve the intensity of joint, and the suitable distribution of three makes soldered fitting have excellent high temperature oxidation resistance
Energy, higher intensity and good plasticity and toughness.
The soldering processes that the present invention provides are adopt elder generation just red copper, graphite and solder with red copper upper, graphite under, in
Between for solder order, put into vacuum drying oven and complete soldering in the way of docking.High vacuum environment coordinates rational technological parameter to set
Fixed so that whole component no deforms, no microfissure, pore and the defect such as be mingled with, contribute to obtaining the pricker of good mechanical properties
Plumb joint.
Beneficial effect：Compared to existing technology, the present invention has advantages below：
(1) present invention provide Al base Ag-Cu-Ti- lead-free brazing brazing temperature at 950 DEG C～1030 DEG C, brazing filler metal melts
Moderate temperature, brazing filler metal melts are uniform, by adding associated beneficial element so that solder has good wetability and paving to graphite
Malleability, the soldering joint strength of acquisition is high, and corrosion resistance is good, can apply to completely in complex environment, is that a kind of combination property is good
Economical solder；
(2) the soldering processes advantages of simple of present invention design, using method for welding in vacuum drying oven, brazing process need not add
Brazing flux and other safeguard measures, high vacuum environment coordinates rational processing parameter setting so that whole component no deforms, no microcosmic
Crackle, pore and the defect such as be mingled with, contribute to obtaining the soldered fitting of good mechanical properties；
(3) the Al base Ag-Cu-Ti- lead-free brazing that the present invention provides has excellent high-temperature behavior, fully can send out with mother metal
Raw solid solution metallurgical reaction, finally can obtain the good connection of combination property with the use of the simple and practical soldering processes of the present invention and connect
Head.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
Red copper and graphite is selected to carry out banjo fixing butt jointing vacuum brazing.Wherein red copper and graphite sample size be 20mm ×
20mm × 5mm, face to be brazed is 20mm × 5mm section.
The composition of solder and mass percent proportioning are：Ag20%, Cu10%, Ti10%, balance of Al.Solder thickness is
0.1mm.
Soldering process step is：
(1) preparatory stage：Red copper to be welded and graphite sample end face are cleared up, remove the impurity on surface, greasy dirt with
And oxide-film, it is ground using W40～W7 abrasive paper for metallograph smooth, carried out two-sided for solder paillon foil using W7 abrasive paper for metallograph
Grind smooth, after grinding, sample to be welded and solder paillon foil are placed in acetone together, 15min is cleaned using ultrasonic wave, and carries out
Drying and processing；
(2) assembling stage：Solder paillon foil after cleaning is placed between red copper and graphite welding surface, by red copper, graphite
With solder with red copper upper, graphite under, the middle order for solder, put into vacuum drying oven in the way of docking.
(3) the soldering connection stage：The sample assembling is placed in vacuum and is not less than 1 × 10-3In the brazing equipment of Pa, first
First with the ramp of 8min to 800 DEG C, it is incubated 15min, then with the ramp of 8 DEG C/min to 1000 DEG C, temperature retention time
15min, then it is cooled to 400 DEG C with the speed of 10 DEG C/min, temperature retention time 5min, finally cool to room temperature with the furnace, complete to weld.
Result：The red copper that soldering obtains and Graphite nipple shaping are good, and the Elements Diffusion in mother metal and solder fully, is reacted
Thickness degree is moderate.Metallographic observation finds that brazing area forms the interface cohesion of densification, and alloying component is evenly distributed, normal temperature average shear
Intensity is 8.1MPa.
Embodiment 2
Red copper and graphite is selected to carry out banjo fixing butt jointing vacuum brazing.Wherein red copper and graphite sample size be 20mm ×
20mm × 5mm, face to be brazed is 20mm × 5mm section.
The composition of solder and mass percent proportioning are：Ag22%, Cu12%, Ti12%, balance of Al.Solder thickness is
0.3mm.
Soldering process step is：
(1) preparatory stage：Red copper to be welded and graphite sample end face are cleared up, remove the impurity on surface, greasy dirt with
And oxide-film, it is ground using W40～W7 abrasive paper for metallograph smooth, carried out two-sided for solder paillon foil using W7 abrasive paper for metallograph
Grind smooth, after grinding, sample to be welded and solder paillon foil are placed in acetone together, 15min is cleaned using ultrasonic wave, and carries out
Drying and processing；
(2) assembling stage：Solder paillon foil after cleaning is placed between red copper and graphite welding surface, by red copper, graphite
With solder with red copper upper, graphite under, the middle order for solder, put into vacuum drying oven in the way of docking.
(3) the soldering connection stage：The sample assembling is placed in vacuum and is not less than 1 × 10-3In the brazing equipment of Pa, first
First with the ramp of 10min to 830 DEG C, it is incubated 18min, then with the ramp of 10 DEG C/min to 1010 DEG C, temperature retention time
18min, then it is cooled to 430 DEG C with the speed of 12 DEG C/min, temperature retention time 8min, finally cool to room temperature with the furnace, complete to weld.
Result：The red copper that soldering obtains and Graphite nipple shaping are good, and the Elements Diffusion in mother metal and solder fully, is reacted
Thickness degree is moderate.Metallographic observation finds that brazing area forms the interface cohesion of densification, and alloying component is evenly distributed, normal temperature average shear
Intensity is 8.8MPa.
Embodiment 3
Red copper and graphite is selected to carry out banjo fixing butt jointing vacuum brazing.Wherein red copper and graphite sample size be 20mm ×
20mm × 5mm, face to be brazed is 20mm × 5mm section.
The composition of solder and mass percent proportioning are：Ag25%, Cu15%, Ti15%, balance of Al.Solder thickness is
0.5mm.
Soldering process step is：
(1) preparatory stage：Red copper to be welded and graphite sample end face are cleared up, remove the impurity on surface, greasy dirt with
And oxide-film, it is ground using W40～W7 abrasive paper for metallograph smooth, carried out two-sided for solder paillon foil using W7 abrasive paper for metallograph
Grind smooth, after grinding, sample to be welded and solder paillon foil are placed in acetone together, 15min is cleaned using ultrasonic wave, and carries out
Drying and processing；
(2) assembling stage：Solder paillon foil after cleaning is placed between red copper and graphite welding surface, by red copper, graphite
With solder with red copper upper, graphite under, the middle order for solder, put into vacuum drying oven in the way of docking.
(3) the soldering connection stage：The sample assembling is placed in vacuum and is not less than 1 × 10-3In the brazing equipment of Pa, first
First with the ramp of 15min to 850 DEG C, it is incubated 20min, then with the ramp of 15 DEG C/min to 1030 DEG C, temperature retention time
20min, then it is cooled to 450 DEG C with the speed of 15 DEG C/min, temperature retention time 10min, finally cool to room temperature with the furnace, complete to weld
Connect.
Result：The red copper that soldering obtains and Graphite nipple shaping are good, and the Elements Diffusion in mother metal and solder fully, is reacted
Thickness degree is moderate.Metallographic observation finds that brazing area forms the interface cohesion of densification, and alloying component is evenly distributed, normal temperature average shear
Intensity is 9.1MPa.
The above be only the preferred embodiment of the present invention it should be pointed out that：Ordinary skill people for the art
For member, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made, these improvements and modifications also should
It is considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of red copper and graphite brazing solder it is characterised in that：Described solder elemental composition bag by weight percentage
Include：Ag20%～25%, Cu10%～15%, Ti10%～15%, balance of Al.
2. a kind of red copper according to claim 1 and graphite brazing solder it is characterised in that：Described solder is paillon foil
Shape, thickness is 0.1～0.5mm.
3. a kind of red copper according to claim 2 and graphite brazing solder it is characterised in that：The composition of described solder and
Mass percent proportioning is：Ag20%, Cu10%, Ti10%, balance of Al；Solder thickness is 0.1mm.
4. a kind of red copper according to claim 2 and graphite brazing solder it is characterised in that：The composition of described solder and
Mass percent proportioning is：Ag22%, Cu12%, Ti12%, balance of Al；Solder thickness is 0.3mm.
5. a kind of red copper according to claim 2 and graphite brazing solder it is characterised in that：The composition of described solder and
Mass percent proportioning is：Ag25%, Cu15%, Ti15%, balance of Al；Solder thickness is 0.5mm.
6. a kind of usage right requires the method for welding of a kind of red copper described in 1 or 2 and the brazing solder of graphite, and its feature exists
In comprising the following steps：
(1) preparatory stage：Red copper to be welded and graphite sample end face are cleared up, removes impurity, greasy dirt and the oxygen on surface
Change film, be ground using W40～W7 abrasive paper for metallograph smooth, be ground two-sided for solder paillon foil using W7 abrasive paper for metallograph
Smooth, after grinding, sample to be welded and solder paillon foil are placed in acetone together, 15～20min are cleaned using ultrasonic wave, and carries out
Drying and processing；
(2) assembling stage：By cleaning after solder be placed between red copper and graphite welding surface, by red copper, graphite and solder with
Red copper upper, graphite under, the middle order for solder, put into vacuum drying oven in the way of docking.
(3) the soldering connection stage：The sample assembling is placed in vacuum and is not less than 1 × 10-3In the brazing equipment of Pa, first with
The ramp of 8～12 DEG C/min, to 800～850 DEG C, is incubated 15～20min, then with the ramp of 8～12 DEG C/min extremely
1000～1030 DEG C, temperature retention time 15～20min, then it is cooled to 400～450 DEG C, during insulation with the speed of 10～15 DEG C/min
Between 5～10min, finally cool to room temperature with the furnace, complete weld.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201611026620.8A CN106392367A (en) | 2016-11-22 | 2016-11-22 | Solder for brazing red copper and graphite and brazing method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201611026620.8A CN106392367A (en) | 2016-11-22 | 2016-11-22 | Solder for brazing red copper and graphite and brazing method |
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| CN106392367A true CN106392367A (en) | 2017-02-15 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201611026620.8A Pending CN106392367A (en) | 2016-11-22 | 2016-11-22 | Solder for brazing red copper and graphite and brazing method |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109640586A (en) * | 2018-12-20 | 2019-04-16 | 有研工程技术研究院有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of light flexible graphite heat conducting rope |
| CN112296472A (en) * | 2020-11-02 | 2021-02-02 | 湘潭大学 | Brazing method of graphite material |
| CN113478040A (en) * | 2021-09-08 | 2021-10-08 | 北京机电研究所有限公司 | Active brazing method for improving performance of graphite/copper dissimilar material joint |
| CN113909608A (en) * | 2021-11-08 | 2022-01-11 | 浙江亚通焊材有限公司 | Method for connecting AlN ceramic and Cu by brazing |
| CN114178640A (en) * | 2021-09-24 | 2022-03-15 | 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 | Thermal shock-resistant graphite and metal brazing method |
| CN114425647A (en) * | 2020-10-29 | 2022-05-03 | 哈尔滨工业大学（威海） | Method for connecting graphite film and copper |
| CN115043662A (en) * | 2022-05-16 | 2022-09-13 | 河北工业大学 | Preparation method of high-thermal-conductivity graphite thick plate based on welding process |
| CN115255606A (en) * | 2022-06-21 | 2022-11-01 | 北京科技大学 | Copper and graphite diffusion bonding method containing aluminum interlayer |
| WO2023227461A1 (en) * | 2022-05-24 | 2023-11-30 | Siemens Energy Global GmbH & Co. KG | Method for connecting by means of a solder |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109640586A (en) * | 2018-12-20 | 2019-04-16 | 有研工程技术研究院有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of light flexible graphite heat conducting rope |
| CN109640586B (en) * | 2018-12-20 | 2020-05-26 | 有研工程技术研究院有限公司 | Preparation method of light flexible graphite heat conducting cable |
| CN114425647A (en) * | 2020-10-29 | 2022-05-03 | 哈尔滨工业大学（威海） | Method for connecting graphite film and copper |
| CN114425647B (en) * | 2020-10-29 | 2023-08-18 | 哈尔滨工业大学（威海） | Method for connecting graphite film and copper |
| CN112296472A (en) * | 2020-11-02 | 2021-02-02 | 湘潭大学 | Brazing method of graphite material |
| CN113478040A (en) * | 2021-09-08 | 2021-10-08 | 北京机电研究所有限公司 | Active brazing method for improving performance of graphite/copper dissimilar material joint |
| CN114178640A (en) * | 2021-09-24 | 2022-03-15 | 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 | Thermal shock-resistant graphite and metal brazing method |
| CN113909608A (en) * | 2021-11-08 | 2022-01-11 | 浙江亚通焊材有限公司 | Method for connecting AlN ceramic and Cu by brazing |
| CN115043662A (en) * | 2022-05-16 | 2022-09-13 | 河北工业大学 | Preparation method of high-thermal-conductivity graphite thick plate based on welding process |
| WO2023227461A1 (en) * | 2022-05-24 | 2023-11-30 | Siemens Energy Global GmbH & Co. KG | Method for connecting by means of a solder |
| CN115255606A (en) * | 2022-06-21 | 2022-11-01 | 北京科技大学 | Copper and graphite diffusion bonding method containing aluminum interlayer |
| CN115255606B (en) * | 2022-06-21 | 2023-07-25 | 北京科技大学 | Diffusion connection method for copper and graphite of aluminum-containing intermediate layer |
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Application publication date: 20170215 |