CN1063987C - 涂覆刀刃的方法 - Google Patents
涂覆刀刃的方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1063987C CN1063987C CN94192269A CN94192269A CN1063987C CN 1063987 C CN1063987 C CN 1063987C CN 94192269 A CN94192269 A CN 94192269A CN 94192269 A CN94192269 A CN 94192269A CN 1063987 C CN1063987 C CN 1063987C
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- ptfe
- radiation
- blade
- coating
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- Expired - Fee Related
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- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 27
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 title abstract description 10
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009770 conventional sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010528 free radical solution polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D5/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures
- B05D5/08—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain an anti-friction or anti-adhesive surface
- B05D5/083—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain an anti-friction or anti-adhesive surface involving the use of fluoropolymers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
- B26B—HAND-HELD CUTTING TOOLS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B26B21/00—Razors of the open or knife type; Safety razors or other shaving implements of the planing type; Hair-trimming devices involving a razor-blade; Equipment therefor
- B26B21/54—Razor-blades
- B26B21/58—Razor-blades characterised by the material
- B26B21/60—Razor-blades characterised by the material by the coating material
Landscapes
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
- Processes Of Treating Macromolecular Substances (AREA)
- Mechanical Treatment Of Semiconductor (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
- Photoreceptors In Electrophotography (AREA)
- Nonmetal Cutting Devices (AREA)
- Details Of Cutting Devices (AREA)
- Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
- Coating Apparatus (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Outer Garments And Coats (AREA)
Abstract
用PTFE涂覆刀刃，特别是剃刀刃。方法是，在刀刃上喷涂最小分子量为500,000的PTFE的水分散体；在氧存在下对涂覆过的刀刃进行电离辐射处理，辐射剂量直至50兆拉德；其合烧结涂层。
Description
本发明涉及一种用聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)涂覆刀刃，特别是剃刀刃的方法。
多年来，剃刀刃一直用PTFE涂覆，例如，一项关于应用这类涂覆物质的早期公开见英国说明书906005。这些涂覆物减小了修剪毛发时所需的力量，因而减小对剃刀经过的剃须部位上的毛发的拉力，表明它们可改善刀片的剃须效果。
一段时间以来，人们已知，对绝大多数由PTFE涂覆的剃须刀片，使用新刀片所需力量(即第一次剃须力)用比其后几次(即第二到第五次用同一刀片)所需的力量要大得多，假定此现象是由于刀片第一次使用中要刮磨掉许多PTFE涂层。刀片首次使用与其后第二到第五次使用时所需力量的差别代表刮磨掉“多余”的聚合物所需的力。
已经描述在剃刀刃上形成PTFE涂层的许多工艺过程(例如，已提过的说明书906005)。已在商业上得到广泛应用的一种工艺过程包括，在氯氟碳中用1％(重量)的PTFE调聚物分散体(该调聚物分子量小于100，000，例如5000)喷涂刀刃，再对形成的PTFE涂层进行烧结。由于该过程可容易地形成连续操作的剃刀片生产线且产品质量均一，作为一种生产工艺它是非常令人满意的。但是工业生产中要求停止使用氯氟碳，可能的话，仅以水来作为分散体的载体。
在此，我们开发了一种用PTFE涂覆刀刃的方法，它不需使用氯氟碳或其它挥发性有机溶剂。
根据本发明，提出了一种在剃刀刃上形成PTFE涂层的方法，它包括，在刀刃上喷涂分子量至少为500，000的PTFE的水分散体以在刀刃上形成PTFE涂层；在含氧气体存在下对所得的PTFE涂层进行电离辐射，辐射剂量直至约60兆拉德；然后烧结PTFE涂层。
可能通过本发明的方法制得PTFE涂层，该涂层不会发生上述的首次剃须所需力比第二到第五次剃须所需力要大得多的现象。
PTFE原料的分子量优选为从1，000，000到2，000，000。PTFE原料通常由水溶液聚合作用而制得，常用于在器具如烹壬器皿上形成不粘涂层。值得一提的是，在生产本发明PTFE涂覆刀片的任何步骤，即无论是在PTFE聚合物的制造阶段还是在形成PTFE涂层阶段，都不必使用氯氟碳或其它挥发性有机溶剂。本工艺过程力图在完全不用上述物料的情况下进行，因而它在环境上是完全可以接受的。然而，本发明并不排除上述物料的应用。
在进行实际的涂覆过程以前，既无必要也不希望制得PTFE调聚物(分子量低于约100，000的聚合物)。
优选用来形成初始涂层的水分散体含有0．15％至0．5％(重量)，更优选约0．25％(重量)的PTFE。分散体可以含有一种或多种表面活性剂以助于PTFE颗粒的分散。
另外，PTFE涂层喷涂的操作可用与使用PTFE调聚物的氯氟碳分散体的常规方法相同的喷涂步骤进行。
给刀片涂层以后，对其进行辐射处理之前，我们优选将刀片置于含氧气氛中。因此，在涂覆操作与辐射处理的间隙里，将刀片贮存(或暴露)于空气或其它含氧气体中是有利的。
用于本发明方法的优选电离辐射方式为电子束辐射和γ射线辐射，更优选前者。也可以应用紫外线辐射。
本方法达到的有利效果(首次剃须力的减小)取决于辐射剂量而非其它辐射参数(例如辐射通量)。应用高于60兆拉德的辐射剂量来处理并没有获得更好的效果。实际上，优选使用比此值低得多的辐射剂量，例如辐射剂量在3至30兆拉德范围内，最优选约18至22兆拉德。通常，剂量低于1兆拉德对实际应用来说太低了。
辐射会使PTFE降解为较低分子量的物质。要达到观察到的改进，一个重要因素似乎在于，只应使相当少部分的PTFE降解至分子量低于，如100，000。因此，辐射剂量最好使刀刃涂层中大约10％(重量)PTFE的分子量减小到低于100，000。
辐射应在含氧气体中进行。含氧气体可以是氧气或富氧的空气，但优选空气。
刀片经过辐射后，在对它烧结以前，优选再将其贮存或暴露于空气(或另一种含氧气体)中，氧浸之后，将PTFE涂层烧结，此步骤可采用常规的烧结条件。优选在从约305℃至约470℃的烧结温度下，烧结约5至3000秒。辐射处理后应尽快进行烧结。若拖延超过24小时，就可能得不到本发明的某些有益效果。用本发明的方法可能制得涂覆刀片，其使用时，首次剃须力并不明显高于第二第五次剃须所需力。而且用本发明的方法涂覆的刀片与上述传统涂覆方法(用PTFE调聚物的CFC分散体喷涂；同样的烧结条件)制成的刀片所进行的剃刀试板对比实验进一步表明，在许多情形下，不仅本发明的刀片所测得的首次剃须力比普通刀片低，而且第二至第五次的剃须力也比普通刀片的低。也就是说，与传统的涂覆刀片相比，本发明的涂覆刀片在剃须性能上有显著的总体改进。
为更充分地理解本发明，仅用详述给出下述实施例。
实施例1
将锋利的不锈钢刀片在炉中加热至100℃，然后用分子量大于1MM(一百万)的TE 3170 PTFE(由du Pont提供)的0．25％(重量)悬浮水溶液喷涂。在2毫升／秒／1000毫米2的速率下喷涂刀片。喷涂后的刀片再经电子束辐射(4．5兆电子伏，20毫安)，辐射总剂量为3兆拉德。在空气中辐射后，于340℃下烧结刀片25秒。所得的涂覆刀片具有低的首次剃须力和良好的聚合物粘着力。
实施例2
用γ射线代替实施例1中的电子束。例如，可用钴60辐射，剂量为50兆拉德，其后在400℃下于裂化氨中烧结20分钟。优选高分量(例如大于1MM)的PTFE。例如可用TE 3170。
实施例3
重复实施例1，但在喷涂和辐射之间以及辐射和烧结之间均间隔数小时。为了比较的目的，在这些间隔中，一些刀片在真空下贮存，而其它刀片则放置于空气中。每种样品均经过从3至30兆拉德不同剂量的辐射处理。从最终刀片的剃须效果来看，在一段或两段间隙里放置于空气中的那些刀片效果最佳。优选辐射剂量为18至22兆拉德。
Claims (10)
1．在剃刀刃上形成聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)涂层的方法，包括用分子量至少为500，000的PTFE的水分散体喷涂刀刃以在刀刃上形成PTFE涂层；在氧存在下对PTFE涂层进行电离辐射，辐射剂量直至50兆拉德；然后烧结PTFE涂层。
2．根据权利要求1的方法，其中，PTFE原料的分子量从1，000，000至2，000，000。
3．根据权利要求1或2的方法，其中，PTFE的水分散体含有0．15至0．5％(重量)的PTFE。
4．根据权利要求1、2或3的方法，其中，在刀刃上形成PTFE涂层后，在对涂过的刀刃进行电离辐射前，将刀刃暴露于含氧气氛中。
5．根据权利要求1至4任何权项的方法，其中，电离辐射为电子束或γ辐射。
6．根据权利要求1至5任何权项的方法，其中，辐射剂量为从3至30兆拉德。
7．根据权利要求6的方法，其中，辐射剂量为从18至22兆拉德。
8．根据权利要求1至6任何权项的方法，其中，辐射剂量为使约10％(重量)的PTFE的分子量降低至低于100，000。
9．根据权利要求1至8任何权项的方法，其中，对PTFE的辐射在空气中进行。
10．根据权利要求1至9任何权项的方法，其中，对涂覆过的刀刃进行辐射后，在烧结涂层前，将刀片暴露于含氧气氛中。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9311034.4 | 1993-05-28 | ||
| GB939311034A GB9311034D0 (en) | 1993-05-28 | 1993-05-28 | Method of coating cutting edges |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1124469A CN1124469A (zh) | 1996-06-12 |
| CN1063987C true CN1063987C (zh) | 2001-04-04 |
Family
ID=10736274
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN94192269A Expired - Fee Related CN1063987C (zh) | 1993-05-28 | 1994-05-26 | 涂覆刀刃的方法 |
Country Status (26)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6110532A (zh) |
| EP (1) | EP0706424B1 (zh) |
| JP (1) | JP3313369B2 (zh) |
| KR (1) | KR100324081B1 (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN1063987C (zh) |
| AT (1) | ATE178227T1 (zh) |
| AU (1) | AU684519B2 (zh) |
| BR (1) | BR9406659A (zh) |
| CA (1) | CA2163880C (zh) |
| CZ (1) | CZ282664B6 (zh) |
| DE (1) | DE69417558T2 (zh) |
| ES (1) | ES2129644T3 (zh) |
| FI (1) | FI955671A (zh) |
| GB (1) | GB9311034D0 (zh) |
| HU (1) | HUT72725A (zh) |
| IN (1) | IN189379B (zh) |
| MA (1) | MA23203A1 (zh) |
| NO (1) | NO954725D0 (zh) |
| NZ (1) | NZ267550A (zh) |
| PL (1) | PL174313B1 (zh) |
| RU (1) | RU2146565C1 (zh) |
| TR (1) | TR28761A (zh) |
| TW (1) | TW296993B (zh) |
| UA (1) | UA27982C2 (zh) |
| WO (1) | WO1994027744A1 (zh) |
| ZA (1) | ZA943749B (zh) |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1499664B1 (en) * | 2002-04-23 | 2012-03-28 | Laurel Products, LLC | Method of treating fluoropolymer particles and the products thereof |
| US20040172832A1 (en) * | 2003-03-04 | 2004-09-09 | Colin Clipstone | Razor blade |
| US8814861B2 (en) | 2005-05-12 | 2014-08-26 | Innovatech, Llc | Electrosurgical electrode and method of manufacturing same |
| US7147634B2 (en) | 2005-05-12 | 2006-12-12 | Orion Industries, Ltd. | Electrosurgical electrode and method of manufacturing same |
| US8053081B2 (en) | 2007-04-04 | 2011-11-08 | Aculon, Inc. | Cutting tool |
| US8628821B2 (en) * | 2009-01-12 | 2014-01-14 | The Gillette Company | Formation of thin uniform coatings on blade edges using isostatic press |
| MX2012004641A (es) | 2009-10-22 | 2012-09-07 | Bic Violex Sa | Metodo para formar un recubrimiento lubricante en una navaja de afeitar, la navaja de afeitar y sistema para recubrir la navaja de afeitar. |
| US10118304B2 (en) * | 2014-07-01 | 2018-11-06 | The Gillette Company Llc | Method of treating razor blade cutting edges |
| EP3616800B1 (en) * | 2018-08-31 | 2022-11-09 | BIC Violex Single Member S.A. | Thinning of razor blade coatings |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3071856A (en) * | 1959-12-31 | 1963-01-08 | Irwin W Fischbein | Razor blade and method of making same |
| US3203829A (en) * | 1962-09-25 | 1965-08-31 | Eversharp Inc | Razor blades |
| US3518110A (en) * | 1964-07-23 | 1970-06-30 | Gillette Co | Razor blade and method of making same |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3658742A (en) * | 1968-10-07 | 1972-04-25 | Gillette Co | Aqueous tetrafluoroethylene telomer dispersions |
| US4029870A (en) * | 1970-02-03 | 1977-06-14 | Imperial Chemical Industries Limited | Tetrafluoroethylene polymers |
| GB1352241A (en) * | 1971-04-13 | 1974-05-08 | Wilkinson Sword Ltd | Razor blades |
| US4220511A (en) * | 1979-03-12 | 1980-09-02 | Radiation Dynamics, Inc. | Treatment of sintered poly-tetrafluoroethylene with irradiation and heat to produce a grindable material |
| GB9122800D0 (en) * | 1991-10-28 | 1991-12-11 | Gillette Co | Coating cutting edges with fluorocarbon polymers |
| US5263256A (en) * | 1992-04-17 | 1993-11-23 | The Gillette Company | Method of treating razor blade cutting edges |
| US9308926B2 (en) * | 2008-12-29 | 2016-04-12 | Universal City Studios Llc | Position control system |
-
1993
- 1993-05-28 GB GB939311034A patent/GB9311034D0/en active Pending
-
1994
- 1994-05-25 MA MA23513A patent/MA23203A1/fr unknown
- 1994-05-26 DE DE69417558T patent/DE69417558T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-05-26 HU HU9503365A patent/HUT72725A/hu unknown
- 1994-05-26 US US08/926,467 patent/US6110532A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-05-26 KR KR1019950705311A patent/KR100324081B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-05-26 AT AT94918666T patent/ATE178227T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-05-26 RU RU95122384A patent/RU2146565C1/ru active
- 1994-05-26 ES ES94918666T patent/ES2129644T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-05-26 NZ NZ267550A patent/NZ267550A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-05-26 PL PL94311758A patent/PL174313B1/pl unknown
- 1994-05-26 UA UA95115004A patent/UA27982C2/uk unknown
- 1994-05-26 AU AU69889/94A patent/AU684519B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1994-05-26 CA CA002163880A patent/CA2163880C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-05-26 CN CN94192269A patent/CN1063987C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-05-26 WO PCT/US1994/005925 patent/WO1994027744A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1994-05-26 JP JP50095695A patent/JP3313369B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-05-26 IN IN666DE1994 patent/IN189379B/en unknown
- 1994-05-26 BR BR9406659A patent/BR9406659A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1994-05-26 CZ CZ953094A patent/CZ282664B6/cs unknown
- 1994-05-26 EP EP94918666A patent/EP0706424B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-05-27 ZA ZA943749A patent/ZA943749B/xx unknown
- 1994-05-27 TR TR00513/94A patent/TR28761A/xx unknown
- 1994-06-16 TW TW083105433A patent/TW296993B/zh active
-
1995
- 1995-11-22 NO NO954725A patent/NO954725D0/no unknown
- 1995-11-24 FI FI955671A patent/FI955671A/fi unknown
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3071856A (en) * | 1959-12-31 | 1963-01-08 | Irwin W Fischbein | Razor blade and method of making same |
| US3203829A (en) * | 1962-09-25 | 1965-08-31 | Eversharp Inc | Razor blades |
| US3518110A (en) * | 1964-07-23 | 1970-06-30 | Gillette Co | Razor blade and method of making same |
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