CN106397475B - 一种植物油基多元醇及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种植物油基多元醇及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN106397475B CN106397475B CN201610689334.3A CN201610689334A CN106397475B CN 106397475 B CN106397475 B CN 106397475B CN 201610689334 A CN201610689334 A CN 201610689334A CN 106397475 B CN106397475 B CN 106397475B
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Abstract
一种植物油基多元醇及其制备方法和应用,植物油基多元醇由桐油甲酯先经过双氧水和甲酸环氧化制备环氧化桐油甲酯,然后与含有活泼氢的甲基磷酸二乙酯反应制得本质阻燃型植物油基多元醇,结构式为利用环氧开环反应把阻燃元素磷引入到桐油甲酯的结构中,生成了多羟基的本质阻燃型植物油基多元醇,降低了阻燃的成本,合成的本质阻燃型植物油基多元醇含有活性羟基以及阻燃磷元素,反应活性较高。用于阻燃型聚氨酯泡沫,氧指数(LOI)可以达到23~26%。在建筑保温、管道运输等一些特殊的场合具有广泛的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于本质阻燃型植物油基多元醇技术领域,主要涉及一种植物油基多元醇及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
随着石油化石原料的大量消耗,伴随着环境的日益恶化,生物质资源的开发利用越来越受到研究人员的关注。
我国是油桐种植资源最丰富的国家,目前油桐种植面积约90万亩。利用油桐种子榨取的油脂称为桐油,我国桐油使用历史达千年,一直是世界上最大的桐油生产国,目前年产桐油10万吨左右,占世界桐油产量的80%左右和桐油国际贸易量的60%。
研究开发油桐的深加工利用,增加桐油及其衍生物的附加值,是桐油产业发展的主要方向。利用桐油特殊的化学结构和活泼的化学性质,通过分子设计对其进行结构,开发具有环境友好功能的生物基高分子材料以替代石化原料。随着合成技术和制造业的快速发展,国外桐油产品及应用领域已突破作为涂料,清漆等传统家具制造领域,开始在电子行业、高级印刷油墨、合成树脂、塑料行业、橡胶行业等应用。但是桐油基高分子材料仍存在阻燃性差、易燃烧等缺点,限制了合成产品的应用范围,故扩大桐油的应用领域,研制阻燃型桐油基高分子材料已迫在眉睫。
聚氨酯泡沫保温材料是目前国际上性能最好的保温材料。硬质聚氨酯泡沫具有质量轻、导热系数低、耐热性好、容易与其它基材粘结、燃烧不产生熔滴等优异性能。未经阻燃处理的聚氨酯泡沫材料是可燃物,燃烧时产生大量有毒烟雾,不仅给灭火带来困难,还会影响到人们的身体健康和生命安全。因此对于硬质聚氨酯泡沫的耐热性、阻燃型、无毒性的要求越来越高。各国家和地区出台了大量的法规,特别是欧洲国家,规定聚氨酯泡沫材料的阻燃性能必须达到一定的标准才能生产,各种法规的出现大大推进了聚氨酯阻燃技术的发展。
根据阻燃剂在聚氨酯中的化学反应性,按阻燃元素的引入方式将阻燃剂分为:添加型阻燃剂和反应型阻燃剂传统的阻燃剂分为直线型的阻燃剂和杂环类的阻燃剂。将直线型的阻燃剂应用到高分子材料中不仅可以提高高分子材料的阻燃性能,还可以增强高分子材料的热稳定性。磷酸酯类阻燃剂是聚氨酯泡沫塑料的常用阻燃剂。多磷酸酯类阻燃剂常温下是液态,流动性好,利用方便,与多元醇相容性较好,如磷酸二乙酯具有较高的热稳定性,作为反应型和添加型阻燃剂,合成的阻燃剂无卤、无烟、无毒,不迁移,阻燃性能持久,使的体系更加稳定,被应用广泛,效果显著。不仅可以应用在聚氨酯泡沫保温材料中,还可用于线性聚酯、聚酰胺、环氧树脂、聚氨酯等多种高分子材料阻燃处理。国外已广泛用于电子设备用塑料、铜衬里压层、电路板等材料的阻燃。
发明内容
解决的技术问题:为了提高聚氨酯泡沫的阻燃性和阻燃持久性,本发明提供了一种用于硬质聚氨酯泡沫的植物油基多元醇及其制备方法和应用,利用环氧开环反应将磷酸二乙酯的阻燃基团引入到桐油甲酯的结构当中,减少了添加阻燃剂的成本,并将合成的本质阻燃型植物油基多元醇应用到硬质聚氨酯阻燃泡沫中,而且制备工艺简单、操作方便。
技术方案:一种植物油基多元醇,由桐油甲酯经环氧化反应之后再与磷酸二乙酯反应制得本质阻燃型植物油基多元醇,结构式如下:
制备所述的用于阻燃型聚氨酯泡沫的本质阻燃型植物油基多元醇的方法,利用环氧开环反应将磷酸二乙酯的阻燃结构引入到桐油甲酯的结构当中所得到,反应方程式为:
具体步骤为:将桐油甲酯、双氧水和甲酸,按桐油甲酯中的双键与双氧水和甲酸的摩尔比为1:2:0.5混合,以与桐油甲酯质量相同的甲苯作溶剂,通过环氧化反应得到环氧化桐油甲酯,所述环氧化反应的反应温度为40-80℃,反应时间为3-6h;反应结束之后分离出体系中的双氧水、水和酸;环氧化桐油甲酯再与磷酸二乙酯在等于环氧桐油甲酯质量的0.1%的三苯基磷的催化条件下,用与环氧化桐油甲酯质量相等的甲苯做溶剂,反应温度为60-100℃,反应时间为4-6h即可得到,所述环氧化桐油甲酯中的环氧键和磷酸二乙酯的摩尔比为1:1.2。
上述植物油基多元醇在阻燃型硬质聚氨酯泡沫中的应用,先将组合多元醇和助剂搅拌使其混合均匀,然后再与异氰酸酯搅拌10~20s,发泡时,按NCO/OH的摩尔比为1.05~1.3的比例配制,转速2000~3000r/min,倒入模具中,熟化48h;各原料以质量份计为:组合多元醇100份;异氰酸酯130份;助剂为:聚氨酯泡沫稳定剂1~2份,胺类催化剂1~2份,水1~2份,发泡剂10~30份;所述组合多元醇的有效成分为本质阻燃型植物油基多元醇。
上述胺类催化剂为:N,N-二甲基环己胺。
上述组合多元醇还包括聚醚4110,本质阻燃型植物油基多元醇与聚醚4110的质量比为2:3。
上述聚氨酯泡沫稳定剂为硅型泡沫稳定剂。
上述异氰酸酯为甲苯二异氰酸酯、二甲苯二异氰酸酯或多次甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯。
上述发泡剂为HCFC-141b、环戊烷、异戊烷、HFC-245fa或HFC-365mfc中的任选一种或多种以任意比例的混合物。
有益效果:本质阻燃型植物油基多元醇利用环氧开环反应将磷酸二乙酯的阻燃基团引入到桐油甲酯的结构当中,合成的结构阻燃型植物油基多元醇含有多个活性羟基和组合多元醇具有较好的相容性,提高了组合料的储存稳定性。合成的本质阻燃型植物油基多元醇应用到阻燃型硬质聚氨酯泡沫中,由于分子结构中含有磷元素,提高了泡沫的热稳定性和阻燃性能。把磷元素通过环氧开环反应引入到桐油基多元醇的分子结构当中,降低了添加阻燃剂的成本,本发明的本质阻燃型植物油基多元醇,因阻燃元素磷存在于多元醇的分子结构当中,具有抗迁移性能,制备的阻燃型聚氨酯泡沫具有较高的阻燃性和阻燃的持久性;氧指数可以达到23~26%。在工程建筑、管道运输以及一些特殊的场合具有广泛的应用前景。
附图说明
图1为桐油甲酯的红外光谱图;
图2为本质阻燃型植物油基多元醇的红外光谱图;
从图1中可知:3014.59cm-1处是C=C的红外特征吸收峰;2927.11cm-1、2855.41cm-1处分别是甲基、亚甲基的伸缩振动吸收峰;1741.04cm-1是植物油基长链结构中的酯羰基。图2中3420.63cm-1处为-OH的振动吸收峰;2929.29cm-1、2856.49cm-1处为甲基、亚甲基的伸缩振动吸收峰;1739.04cm-1是植物油基长链结构中的酯羰基;1173.5cm-1,1246.08cm-1处为P=O的吸收峰;1045.42cm-1,1077.81cm-1处为中P-O-C的特征吸收峰说明经过环氧化和开环反应,成功的将磷酸酯阻燃基团引入桐油甲酯的长链结构上。
具体实施方式
下面以具体实施例作进一步说明:本发明中所有原料皆为市售,以下实施例中若无特别指明,皆为质量份。
本发明对桐油进行一系列的改性得到本质阻燃型植物油基多元醇。所制得本质阻燃型植物油基多元醇与市售多元醇、异氰酸酯以及其它助剂,通过一步发泡法制得阻燃型硬质聚氨酯泡沫;主要方案包括以下两方面的内容:
一、制备上述的本质阻燃型植物油基多元醇的方法
通过分子设计,制备上述的本质阻燃型植物油基多元醇的方法,利用环氧开环反应将磷酸二乙酯的阻燃基团引入到桐油甲酯的结构当中,合成的本质阻燃型植物油基多元醇含有多个活性羟基,反应方程式为:
更具体的制法为,以质量份计:取60质量份环氧化桐油甲酯和0.06质量份的三苯基膦于250mL四口烧瓶中,加入60质量份的甲苯作溶剂,然后用恒压滴液漏斗在30min之内滴加25质量份的磷酸二乙酯,升温到60~100℃,反应3~6h即可得到。
二、桐植物油基阻燃型硬质聚氨酯泡沫的组成与制备:
1、组合多元醇的组成,按质量份计:
(1)40份的本质阻燃型植物油基多元醇,60份的聚醚4110。
(2)胺类催化剂1份,如N,N-二甲基环己胺及类似的催化剂。
(3)水1~2份。
(4)泡沫稳定剂1~2份,主要是硅型泡沫稳定剂,德美世创公司生产的泡沫稳定剂AK8805、AK8815、AK8812、AK8809等;德国萨公司:B8464、B8481、B8474、B8471、B8481等。泡沫稳定剂可以是上述之一,也可以是两种或两种以上的任意复配。
(5)发泡剂10~30份:HCFC-141b、环戊烷、异戊烷、HFC-245fa、HFC-365mfc等任选一种或多种以任意比例的混合物。
2、植物油基阻燃型硬质聚氨酯泡沫的配方与制备:
植物油基阻燃型硬质聚氨酯泡沫的制备配方、性能测试结果见附表1,附表2。以组合多元醇和异氰酸酯为主要原料,发泡时,按NCO/OH的摩尔比为1.5~2.5的比例配制得到。具体操作如下:把组合多元醇和助剂在快速搅拌的条件下使其混合均匀,然后再与异氰酸酯在快速搅拌的条件下搅拌10~20s,转速2000~3000r/min,倒入模具中,熟化48h。
异氰酸酯的选择:甲苯二异氰酸酯、二甲苯二异氰酸酯、多次甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯(PAPI),优选PAPI,商品牌号为烟台万华聚氨酯股份有限公司的PM-200。
实施例1
将桐油甲酯、双氧水和甲酸(摩尔比n双键:nH2O2:nHCOOH=1:2:0.5),用与桐油甲酯质量相等的甲苯作溶剂,通过环氧化反应得到环氧化桐油甲酯,所述环氧化反应的反应温度为50℃,反应时间为3.5h;然后反应结束之后分离出体系中的双氧水、水和酸即可得到。取60质量份环氧化桐油甲酯和0.06质量份的三苯基膦于四口烧瓶中,加入60质量份甲苯作溶剂,然后用恒压滴液漏斗于50℃,在30min之内滴加18质量份的磷酸二乙酯,升温到60℃,反应6h即可得到植物油基多元醇。根据表1所示的配方,先把含本质阻燃型植物油基多元醇的组合多元醇与助剂混合均匀,再与105质量份的异氰酸酯搅拌10~20s,转速2000~3000r/min,倒入模具中,熟化48h。
实施例2
将桐油甲酯、双氧水和甲酸(摩尔比n双键:nH2O2:nHCOOH=1:2:0.5),用与桐油甲酯质量相等的甲苯作溶剂,通过环氧化反应得到环氧化桐油甲酯,所述环氧化反应的反应温度为55℃,反应时间为4h;然后反应结束之后分离出体系中的双氧水、水和酸即可得到。取60质量份环氧化桐油甲酯和0.06质量份的三苯基膦于四口烧瓶中,加入60质量份甲苯作溶剂,然后用恒压滴液漏斗于50℃,在30min之内滴加20质量份的磷酸二乙酯,升温到70℃,反应6h即可得到植物油基多元醇。根据表1所示的配方,先把含本质阻燃型植物油基多元醇的组合多元醇与助剂混合均匀,再与110质量份的异氰酸酯搅拌10~20s,转速2000~3000r/min,倒入模具中,熟化48h。
实施例3
将桐油甲酯、双氧水和甲酸(摩尔比n双键:nH2O2:nHCOOH=1:2:0.5),用与桐油甲酯质量相等的甲苯作溶剂,通过环氧化反应得到环氧化桐油甲酯,所述环氧化反应的反应温度为55℃,反应时间为3.5h;然后反应结束之后分离出体系中的双氧水、水和酸即可得到。取60质量份环氧化桐油甲酯和0.06质量份的三苯基膦于四口烧瓶中,加入60质量份甲苯作溶剂,然后用恒压滴液漏斗于50℃,在30min之内滴加25质量份的磷酸二乙酯,升温到75℃,反应4h即可得到植物油基多元醇。根据表1所示的配方,先把含本质阻燃型植物油基多元醇的组合多元醇与助剂混合均匀,再与110质量份的异氰酸酯搅拌10~20s,转速2000~3000r/min,倒入模具中,熟化48h。
实施例4
将桐油甲酯、双氧水和甲酸(摩尔比n双键:nH2O2:nHCOOH=1:2:0.5),用与桐油甲酯质量相等的甲苯作溶剂,通过环氧化反应得到环氧化桐油甲酯,所述环氧化反应的反应温度为65℃,反应时间为5h;然后反应结束之后分离出体系中的双氧水、水和酸即可得到。取60质量份环氧化桐油甲酯和0.06质量份的三苯基膦于四口烧瓶中,加入60质量份甲苯作溶剂,然后用恒压滴液漏斗于50℃,在30min之内滴加28质量份的磷酸二乙酯,升温到75℃,反应6h即可得到植物油基多元醇。根据表1所示的配方,先把含本质阻燃型植物油基多元醇的组合多元醇与助剂混合均匀,再与115质量份的异氰酸酯搅拌10~20s,转速2000~3000r/min,倒入模具中,熟化48h。
实施例5
将桐油甲酯、双氧水和甲酸(摩尔比n双键:nH2O2:nHCOOH=1:2:0.5),用与桐油甲酯质量相等的甲苯作溶剂,通过环氧化反应得到环氧化桐油甲酯,所述环氧化反应的反应温度为60℃,反应时间为4h;然后反应结束之后分离出体系中的双氧水、水和酸即可得到。取60质量份环氧化桐油甲酯和0.06质量份的三苯基膦于四口烧瓶中,加入60质量份甲苯作溶剂,然后用恒压滴液漏斗于50℃,在30min之内滴加30质量份的磷酸二乙酯,升温到80℃,反应5h即可得到植物油基多元醇。根据表1所示的配方,先把含本质阻燃型植物油基多元醇的组合多元醇与助剂混合均匀,再与120质量份的异氰酸酯搅拌10~20s,转速2000~3000r/min,倒入模具中,熟化48h。
实施例6
将桐油甲酯、双氧水和甲酸(摩尔比n双键:nH2O2:nHCOOH=1:2:0.5),用与桐油甲酯质量相等的甲苯作溶剂,通过环氧化反应得到环氧化桐油甲酯,所述环氧化反应的反应温度为70℃,反应时间为4h;然后反应结束之后分离出体系中的双氧水、水和酸即可得到。取60质量份环氧化桐油甲酯和0.06质量份的三苯基膦于四口烧瓶中,加入60质量份甲苯作溶剂,然后用恒压滴液漏斗于50℃,在30min之内滴加32质量份的磷酸二乙酯,升温到85℃,反应4h即可得到植物油基多元醇。根据表1所示的配方,先把含本质阻燃型植物油基多元醇的组合多元醇与助剂混合均匀,再与130质量份的异氰酸酯搅拌10~20s,转速2000~3000r/min,倒入模具中,熟化48h。
表1本质阻燃型植物油基硬质聚氨酯泡沫的配方(质量份)
表2本质阻燃型植物油基硬质聚氨酯泡沫的产品性能(测试方法参照国家标准)
各项分析测试结果表明:用本发明制备得到的本质阻燃型植物油基多元醇制备的阻燃型硬质聚氨酯泡沫,具有良好的力学性能、热稳定性和阻燃性,合成的本质阻燃型植物油基多元醇用于阻燃型硬质聚氨酯泡沫,具有较高、可持久的阻燃性能,氧指数可以达到23~27%。起始分解温度高,保温效果得到了提高,节约了能源。
Claims (8)
1.一种植物油基多元醇,其特征在于由桐油甲酯经环氧化反应之后再与磷酸二乙酯反应制得本质阻燃型植物油基多元醇,结构式如下:
2.权利要求1所述植物油基多元醇的制备方法,其特征在于步骤为:将桐油甲酯、双氧水和甲酸,按桐油甲酯中的双键与双氧水和甲酸的摩尔比为1:2:0.5混合,以与桐油甲酯质量相同的甲苯作溶剂,通过环氧化反应得到环氧化桐油甲酯,所述环氧化反应的反应温度为40-80℃,反应时间为3-6h;反应结束之后分离出体系中的双氧水、水和酸;环氧化桐油甲酯再与磷酸二乙酯在等于环氧桐油甲酯质量的0.1%的三苯基磷的催化条件下,用与环氧化桐油甲酯质量相等的甲苯做溶剂,反应温度为60-100℃,反应时间为4-6h即可得到,所述环氧化桐油甲酯中的环氧键和磷酸二乙酯的摩尔比为1:1.2。
3.权利要求1所述植物油基多元醇在阻燃型硬质聚氨酯泡沫中的应用,其特征在于:先将组合多元醇和助剂搅拌使其混合均匀,然后再与异氰酸酯搅拌10~20s,发泡时,按NCO/OH的摩尔比为1.05~1.3的比例配制,转速2000~3000r/min,倒入模具中,熟化48h;各原料以质量份计为:组合多元醇100份;异氰酸酯130份;助剂为:聚氨酯泡沫稳定剂1~2份,胺类催化剂1~2份,水1~2份,发泡剂10~30份;所述组合多元醇的有效成分为本质阻燃型植物油基多元醇。
4.根据权利要求3所述植物油基多元醇在阻燃型硬质聚氨酯泡沫中的应用,其特征在于所述胺类催化剂为:N,N-二甲基环己胺。
5.根据权利要求3所述植物油基多元醇在阻燃型硬质聚氨酯泡沫中的应用,其特征在于所述组合多元醇还包括聚醚4110,本质阻燃型植物油基多元醇与聚醚4110的质量比为2:3。
6.根据权利要求3所述植物油基多元醇在阻燃型硬质聚氨酯泡沫中的应用,其特征在于所述聚氨酯泡沫稳定剂为硅型泡沫稳定剂。
7.根据权利要求3所述植物油基多元醇在阻燃型硬质聚氨酯泡沫中的应用,其特征在于所述异氰酸酯为甲苯二异氰酸酯、二甲苯二异氰酸酯或多次甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯。
8.根据权利要求3所述植物油基多元醇在阻燃型硬质聚氨酯泡沫中的应用,其特征在于所述发泡剂为一氟二氯乙烷、环戊烷、异戊烷、五氟丙烷或五氟丁烷中的任选一种或多种以任意比例的混合物。
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