CN106361455A - 3D printing forming method for metal dental restoration - Google Patents
3D printing forming method for metal dental restoration Download PDFInfo
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- CN106361455A CN106361455A CN201610893498.8A CN201610893498A CN106361455A CN 106361455 A CN106361455 A CN 106361455A CN 201610893498 A CN201610893498 A CN 201610893498A CN 106361455 A CN106361455 A CN 106361455A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
- A61C13/00—Dental prostheses; Making same
- A61C13/08—Artificial teeth; Making same
- A61C13/083—Porcelain or ceramic teeth
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
- A61C13/00—Dental prostheses; Making same
- A61C13/0003—Making bridge-work, inlays, implants or the like
- A61C13/0004—Computer-assisted sizing or machining of dental prostheses
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
- A61C13/00—Dental prostheses; Making same
- A61C13/0003—Making bridge-work, inlays, implants or the like
- A61C13/0006—Production methods
- A61C13/0019—Production methods using three dimensional printing
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
- A61C13/00—Dental prostheses; Making same
- A61C13/08—Artificial teeth; Making same
- A61C13/083—Porcelain or ceramic teeth
- A61C13/0835—Ceramic coating on metallic body
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
- A61C2201/00—Material properties
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a 3D printing forming method for a metal dental restoration. The method includes the steps of three-dimensional scanning, wherein three-dimensional data of an oral cavity of a patient is obtained; three-dimensional designing, wherein the appearance of the restoration is designed and derived according to the three-dimensional data; data processing, wherein a derived restoration model is at least subjected to data checking and repairing, position arranging, support adding, slicing and scanning strategy planning to obtain data suitable for 3D printing; 3D printing forming, wherein through a metal 3D printing device for selective laser welding, with micron-scale spherical metal powder as the material, the metal powder of each layer of section region of a forming substrate is melted through the laser scanning of the 3D printing device, and then a metal part is obtained through layer-by-layer overlapping; part processing, wherein the metal restoration is obtained through later-period processing. Lots of labor is saved, personal errors are reduced, the restoration is high in forming precision and good in fitting degree, and the manufacturing cycle of the restoration is greatly shortened.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method that 3d prints, it is concretely the 3d printing shaping method of dental metal dummy.
Background technology
Dental defect and dentition defect are modal dentistry sufferers, are typically with artificial tooth and are repaired.Alloy material
Become the common used material of artificial tooth because of good mechanical performance such as intensity, hardness, wearability, durability and toughness, especially cobalt
The alloy material such as evanohm and titanium alloy is widely used in dentures repai field, be wherein preced with the Metal-porcelain of fixed denture,
Removable partial denture metal rack and metal pile nuclear etc. are modal metal denture prosthesis at present.
At present commonly use dental metal dummy processing mode be fusible pattern lost wax process, but its course of processing loaded down with trivial details, consumption
Duration, material quality coverage ratio are low, and dummy accuracy and quality can have larger error because of the difference of operator, casting
During making, chemical impurity easily embeds corona, forms a large amount of shrinkage cavities and trachoma, impact precision and golden porcelain adhesion.Therefore fusible pattern
The processing method of lost-wax casting can not meet current high performance, quickly dummy makes requirement automatically.
It is the another name of increasing material manufacturing that 3d prints, and the appearance that 3d prints changes conventionally manufactured pattern, is technology development process
In important products, its pass through Reconstruction Design three-dimensional digitalization model, using dispersed material successively accumulation principle manufacture entity zero
Part, allows whole manufacture process be truly realized intellectuality and digitized.Selective laser fusing is that most widely used metal 3d beats
Print technology, it is a kind of increases material manufacturing technology based on laser fusion metal dust, and collection laser technology, digital intellectualization control skill
Art, computer-aided design analysis, rapid shaping, in one, can directly manufacture metallurgical binding, dense structure, mechanical property good
The good, metallic element of high precision.
Metal 3d printing shaping technology, as a kind of new precision manufactureing means, models in conjunction with Computerized three-dimensional and calculates
Machine Aided Design is so as to have the possibility substituting traditional artificial tooth casting technique.Particularly increases material manufacturing technology has personalized journey
The advantages of degree is high, operation is simple, fabrication cycle is short, stock utilization is high, can meet Oral Repair personalized, complicated just
Change, highly difficult technical requirements, make up the deficiencies in the prior art simultaneously, and therefore metal 3d prints and is more and more employed
To in the middle of the manufacture of mouth mending material, become the indispensable emerging technology of oral cavity Digital manufacturing.
Content of the invention
The invention provides a kind of 3d printing shaping method of dental metal dummy, to realize the quick of metal restoration
Molding, and improve precision and the quality of molding post-prosthesis.
The 3d printing shaping method of dental metal dummy of the present invention, comprising:
3-D scanning: technology can be scanned etc. by blue light, obtain the three-dimensional data in patient oral cavity.Skill is scanned using blue light
Art, is capable of the precision sweep of each tiny characteristics, and scanning accuracy can reach within 5 μm.
Three dimensional design: three dimensional design can be carried out in the dentistry design software such as 3shape or exocad, according to abutment shape
Shape, gingival contour and jaw portion situation carry out the design of metal restoration.Wherein metal restoration can include the gold of fixed denture
Belong to hat, removable partial denture metal rack and metal pile nuclear in porcelain.Outer to dummy according to described three-dimensional data during design
Shape is designed because metal 3d printing shaping high precision, can molding arbitrarily complicated shape, therefore three dimensional design when can
The shape more complicated to dummy design, the thickness of hat and support can be thinner, realizes light-weight design.In design process in order to
Increase final laminating degree, need to remove undercut, remove car pin and compensate setting.The reparation body Model of complete design is derived, excellent
Choosing exports as the file of stl tri patch form.
Data processing: the data processings such as magics or cambridge are imported to the reparation body Model of described derivation soft
In part, at least carry out data check and reparation, position are put, supported interpolation, section and scanning strategy planning, obtain suitable 3d and beat
The data of print.
Wherein said data check and reparation, be check derive the reparation body Model of stl form in have or not hole and
If checking, bad selvedge defect, finds that defect needs to be repaired it is ensured that the reparation body Model derived is a complete shell with closing
Body.
Wherein said position is put, and is to carry out typesetting to the multiple stl formatted files printing simultaneously and put, and needs really
Protect and occur without contact between part, during putting position will and vertical direction as far as possible few with supporting surface height as far as possible little as principle,
To improve the efficiency of molding.
Wherein said support is added, and supports and will be designed according to the size of part and type, is guaranteeing firmly
While support part, also molding to be made easily removes after terminating.
Wherein said section is that the stl formatted file repairing body Model is passed through section, obtains piece layer data, each layer
The difference according to material for the thickness and formed precision requirement, control at 20～70 μm.
Wherein said scanning strategy planning is the scan method planning each lamella, between scan line to be determined
Spacing distance and the offset distance of contour line.
3d printing shaping: by the metal 3d printing device of selective laser fusing (slm), with micron-sized spherical metal powder
End is material, is melted and molded the described metal dust in each layer cross section region of substrate by the laser scanning of 3d printing device,
Successively it is superposed to metal parts again.The species of baseplate material needs to be adapted with moulding material, will between moulding material and substrate
There is good wettability it is ensured that being firmly bonded between substrate and part, will not ftracture.In forming process will according to material and
The difference of thickness, the moulding process such as the laser power of adjustment metal 3d printing device, scanning speed is it is ensured that laser beam can be complete
Fusing metal powder, forms the molten road of a continuously smooth.
Part is processed: after eliminating the stress within described metal parts, metal parts is cut down from substrate, then
Remove and support, process through later stages such as surface sand-blasting and sanding and polishings and obtain metal restoration.
Further, during 3-D scanning, scanned by plaster model or oral cavity scanning obtains described three-dimensional data.Gypsum Fibrosum
Model scanning refers to produce out after die in patient's mouth using rapidly solidified materiales such as silicone rubber, is poured out stone by this die
Cream model, then the process of the three-dimensional profile of this plaster model is gone out using scanner scanning.Plaster model scanning is current dentistry number
Wordization processing method more typically.Oral cavity scanning is directly situation in patient's mouth to be scanned using scanner in oral cavity, saves
Go the step producing die and perfusion plaster model.After the completion of the scanning step of oral cavity, will be straight for the oral cavity scanned three-dimensional data
Connect and be sent to dentistry processing factory from clinic, such operating procedure can save the consultation time of patient, improve repair process
Concordance.
When the support of data processing is added, can be for example right according to different dummy structures using the support being suitable for
In leaf-comb or stake core, using thin-walled cross hang；For crossover or support, supported or tree-like support using solid cone shape.
Likewise, when the scanning strategy of data processing is planned, continuously can be swept using orthogonal for leaf-comb or stake core
Retouch strategy；For crossover or support, using checkerboard type subarea-scanning strategy.
In order to meet the strict demand to precision and mechanical property for the dental prosthesis, using selective laser molten metal
On the basis of 3d printing device, during 3d printing shaping, the diameter of laser focusing light beam is preferably 40～100 μm, and laser power is preferred
For 200～1000w, preferably≤1 μm of the control accuracy of lead screw motor.On this basis, described globular metallic powder is optional
Particle size range be 15～63 μm, more optimizedly 15～45 μm or 20～63 μm, powder Hall flow preferably≤40s/50g,
Oxygen content in power preferably≤1300ppm (volumetric concentration).
In order to prevent aoxidizing in powder fusion process, can be by noble gases to described spherical in forming process
Metal dust carries out protection against oxidation, if such as moulding material is pure titanium or titanium alloy, using argon protection, if other
Alloy material, then protected using nitrogen.
Further, the stress eliminating within described metal parts described in when part is processed, can be by metal parts
It is placed in the firing equipments such as Muffle furnace together with shaping substrate one, eliminate the stress of inside parts by annealing.
Flue dust in order to prevent from producing in forming process pollutes to powder, is additionally provided with cigarette on metal 3d printing device
Dirt defecator.
The 3d printing shaping method of dental metal dummy of the present invention fills out wax process it is not necessary to tradition makes the craft casting,
Save a large amount of manpowers, and reduce personal error.Targetedly dental metal can also be carried out according to the individual demand of patient
Dummy Design of digital, and the high precision of repair shaping, laminating degree good moreover it is possible to often avoid in fusible pattern wax-loss casting process
Trachoma and the shrinkage cavity defect seen are so that final dental metal dummy can conform better to the need of patient in detail section
Ask.In combination with laser 3d printing technique, dummy is processed, eliminates molding during conventional cast, multiple mould, bag
Bury with processes such as centrifugal castings so that the fabrication cycle of dummy has obtained great shortening.Work in-process is lazy due to employing
Property gas shield, also can process to the material being difficult to conventional cast, for example titanium, titanium alloy etc..
Specific embodiment with reference to embodiments, is described in further detail to the above of the present invention again.
But this scope being interpreted as the above-mentioned theme of the present invention should not be only limitted to Examples below.Thinking without departing from the above-mentioned technology of the present invention
In the case of thinking, the various replacements made according to ordinary skill knowledge and customary means or change, all should include at this
In bright scope.
Brief description
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the 3d printing shaping method of dental metal dummy of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the metallograph of the cochrome dummy after the processing of Fig. 1 method.
Fig. 3 processes the metallograph of cochrome dummy for fusible pattern lost-wax casting.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1:
Taking prepare hat in cochrome as a example.The 3d printing shaping method of dental metal dummy of the present invention as shown in Figure 1,
Its feature includes:
3-D scanning: by blue light scan mode, be obtained in that high-precision scan data, realize in oral cavity each tiny
The precision sweep of feature, scanning accuracy can reach within 5 μm.By situation in acquisition patient's mouth is directly scanned to oral cavity, will
In the mouth having scanned, three-dimensional data is sent directly to dentistry processing factory, improves the concordance of repair process.
Three dimensional design: the three-dimensional data having obtained patient's cavity interior is imported in 3shape dentistry design software, root
According to abutment shape and gingival contour, the feature according to 3d printing shaping carries out the three dimensional design of metal restoration.In design process
In order to increase final laminating degree, need to remove undercut, remove car pin and compensate setting.After dummy completes three dimensional design, will
Repair body Model and export as stl tri patch form, print for follow-up 3d and use.
Data processing: the dummy obtaining stl formatted file is imported in magics data processing software, carries out data
Check and repair, position is put, support the steps such as interpolation, section and scanning strategy planning, obtain connecing for metal 3d printing device
The data being subject to.In data check and reparation, need to check that three-dimensional stl file has or not hole and bad selvedge defect it is ensured that stl form is civilian
The data representation of part is a housing that is complete and closing.When position is put, the multiple stl formatted files simultaneously printing are carried out
Typesetting and put therefore, to assure that occurring without contact between part, the height of and vertical direction as far as possible few with supporting surface during putting position
Degree as far as possible little for principle, to improve the efficiency of molding.Support when adding it is ensured that also will make while can firmly supporting part
Molding easily removes after terminating.In this embodiment, thin-walled cross hang is adopted to leaf-comb.Section to stl formatted file obtains
Piece layer data, thickness is 30 μm.Scanning strategy planning adopts orthogonal continuous scanning strategy.
3d printing shaping: the data after above-mentioned process is imported in metal 3d printing device, printing shaping.In order to meet
The strict demand to precision and mechanical property for the dental prosthesis, by the metal 3d printing device of selective laser fusing (slm), adopts
With micron-size spherical cobalt-chromium alloy powder as material.Laser passes through the powder that scanning is melted and molded each layer cross section region of substrate
End, more successively it is superposed to a metal parts.The diameter control of the laser focusing light beam of metal 3d printing device in print procedure
At 80 μm, laser power is set between 400w system, and the control accuracy of lead screw motor is below 1 μm.From cochrome powder
The material sphericity of last material is more than 90%, and powder diameter scope is 15～45 μm, and powder Hall flow data is less than 40s/
50g, oxygen content in power is less than 1300ppm.From rustless steel as baseplate material, make will to have between moulding material and substrate good
Wettability it is ensured that being firmly bonded between substrate and part, will not ftracture.In forming process, according to material and thickness
Difference, the moulding process such as the laser power of adjustment metal 3d printing device, scanning speed is it is ensured that laser beam can be completely melt gold
Belong to powder, form the molten road of a continuously smooth.For preventing cobalt-chromium alloy powder from aoxidizing in fusion process, forming process
Middle using nitrogen, it is protected.Flue dust in order to prevent from producing in forming process pollutes to cobalt-chromium alloy powder,
It is provided with smoke dust filter in metal 3d printing device.
Part is processed: after 3d printing shaping terminates, needs to carry out post processing, realizes the lifting of part combination property.Due to
It is the forming process of a hot rapid cooling soon that laser 3d prints, and therefore can there is residual stress inside forming part.In order to prevent zero
Part deforms, and needs before cutting to be placed with the Muffle furnace of nitrogen protection the part of molding together with substrate, is annealed
Heat treatment, removes the residual stress of inside parts.Annealing complete after it is possible to dentistry part is cut from substrate under
Come, then remove and support, then surface is carried out with sandblasting and sanding and polishing etc. to process, obtain hat in final cochrome.
It is preced with the cochrome prepared using the present embodiment, all-round property testing data as shown in table 1, is compared traditional
Fusible pattern lost-wax casting mode, each parameter has and is significantly improved.Metallographic structure to cochrome dental prosthesis is carried out
Analysis, its metallographic structure is as shown in Figure 2 it can be seen that assume even compact by the metallographic structure of part manufactured in the present embodiment
Imperforate state；The metallographic structure of cobalt chromium dummy is processed in traditional fusible pattern lost-wax casting shown in Fig. 3, and this metallographic structure is dredged
Pine, and there is substantial amounts of pore.
Table 1:
| Parameter | Metal 3d prints | Fusible pattern lost-wax casting |
| Material | Cochrome spherical powder | Cochrome cast block |
| Precision | Error is below 20 μm | Typically at 50～120 μm |
| Tensile strength | 1200mpa | 780mpa |
| Yield strength | 1000mpa | 580mpa |
| Elastic modelling quantity | 210gpa | 200gpa |
| Metallographic structure | Uniformly pore-free | There is pore |
| Metal ion release in mouthful | Less than 1 μ g./cm3 | 10μg./cm3 |
| Golden porcelain adhesion | 35mpa | 25mpa |
Embodiment 2:
To prepare tc4 titanium alloy support as example, on the basis of embodiment 1,3-D scanning adopts plaster model to scan
Obtain cavity interior data.After producing out die in the rapidly solidified materiales such as silicone rubber are from patient's mouth, filled by this die
Outpour plaster model, then oral cavity three-dimensional data is obtained using the three-dimensional profile that blue light scanner scanning goes out this plaster model.
Using exocad dentistry design software during three dimensional design, carried out according to abutment shape, gingival contour and jaw portion situation
The design of metal restoration.
During data processing, the dummy obtaining stl formatted file is imported in cambridge data processing software, enters
Row data check and reparation, position are put, are supported the steps such as interpolation, section and scanning strategy planning, obtain printing for metal 3d
The data that equipment accepts.And supported or tree-like support using solid cone shape in supporting interpolation.The thickness of data slicer is 35 μ
M, and use checkerboard type subarea-scanning strategy.
During 3d printing shaping, a diameter of 100 μm of the laser focusing light beam of metal 3d printing device, laser power is set to
Between 1000w, the control accuracy of lead screw motor is below 1 μm.From tc4 alloy as baseplate material, use sphericity
Titanium Powder powder material more than 90%, powder diameter scope is 15～45 μm, and powder Hall flow data is less than 40s/
50g, oxygen content in power is less than 1300ppm.
During part is processed, after the part annealing of molding, sandblasting, polishing etc. are processed, obtain tc4 titanium alloy support.
Claims (10)
1. the 3d printing shaping method of dental metal dummy, its feature includes:
3-D scanning: obtain the three-dimensional data in patient oral cavity；
Three dimensional design: according to described three-dimensional data, the profile of dummy is designed, and the reparation body Model by complete design
Derive；
Data processing: the reparation body Model of described derivation is at least carried out with data check and reparation, position put, support interpolation,
Section and scanning strategy planning, obtain being suitable for the data that 3d prints；
3d printing shaping: by selective laser molten metal 3d printing device, with micron-sized globular metallic powder as material,
It is melted and molded the described metal dust in each layer cross section region of substrate by the laser scanning of 3d printing device, be more successively superimposed
For metal parts；
Part is processed: after eliminating the stress within described metal parts, postmenstruation process obtains metal restoration.
2. the 3d printing shaping method of dental metal dummy as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized by: during 3-D scanning, lead to
Cross plaster model scanning or oral cavity scanning obtains described three-dimensional data.
3. the 3d printing shaping method of dental metal dummy as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized by: propping up in data processing
When support is added, for leaf-comb or stake core, using thin-walled cross hang；For crossover or support, supported using solid cone shape or set
Shape supports.
4. the 3d printing shaping method of dental metal dummy as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized by: sweeping in data processing
When retouching strategic planning, for leaf-comb or stake core, using orthogonal continuous scanning strategy；For crossover or support, using checkerboard type
Subarea-scanning strategy.
5. the 3d printing shaping method of dental metal dummy as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized by: swash during 3d printing shaping
A diameter of 40～100 μm of light focus on light beam, laser power is 200～1000w, control accuracy≤1 μm of lead screw motor.
6. the 3d printing shaping method of dental metal dummy as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized by: described spherical metal
The particle diameter of powder is 15～63 μm, powder Hall flow≤40s/50g, oxygen content in power≤1300ppm.
7. the 3d printing shaping method of dental metal dummy as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized by: described spherical metal
The particle diameter of powder is 15～45 μm or 20～63 μm.
8. the 3d printing shaping method of dental metal dummy as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized by: logical in forming process
Cross noble gases and protection against oxidation is carried out to described globular metallic powder.
9. the 3d printing shaping method of dental metal dummy as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized by: when part is processed, will
Metal parts is placed in firing equipment together with shaping substrate one, eliminates the stress of inside parts by annealing.
10. the 3d printing shaping method of the dental metal dummy as described in one of claim 1 to 9, it is characterized by: in metal
3d printing device is provided with smoke dust filter.
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