CN106369058B - 具有无线温度传感器的轴承传感器总成 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于滚动轴承的传感器总成,所述轴承包括至少一副轴承保持架(10),所述保持架(10)被设置为容纳所述轴承的至少一个滚动体,所述传感器总成包括:驱动振荡电路(12),包括接收器(12a)、函数信号发生器(12b)和初级线圈(12c);以及无源振荡电路(14),包括温变电容(14a)和电感线圈(14b),所述无源振荡电路(14)被配置为附着在所述轴承保持架(10)上,使得电感线圈(14b)与驱动振荡电路(12)的初级线圈(12c)相互作用。本发明提出在函数信号发生器(12b)与初级线圈(12c)之间的信号线中设置有定向耦合器(12e),该定向耦合器(12e)被设置为向调谐接收器(12a)输出从保持架中的无源谐振电路反射的信号,所述调谐接收器(12a)接收由函数信号发生器(12b)产生的信号的反馈。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种根据权利要求1前序部分所述的包括无线温度传感器的轴承。
背景技术
在诸如球轴承或滚子轴承的轴承上设置温度传感器已经是公知技术。为了监控轴承,产生于球/滚子与滚道的交界面上热量由尽可能接近该交界面的温度传感器来检测。这使得轴承保持架是进行温度测量的理想位置。然而,轴承保持架是旋转部件,无法轻易介入,可用空间也狭窄。尤其是对于较小的轴承而言,难以将电池或发生器集成在轴承保持架内。
文献EP 1 849 013 B1公开了一种具有配备了电力接收线圈(power receivingcoil)的保持架的轴承。发射器被集成在保持架中,用于将表示检测到的轴承状态的信号发送到设置在外滚道上的另一天线。然而,这种解决方案仅对于具有能够支撑发射器电子元件的保持架的大型轴承可行。
用于轴承保持架的无源无线温度传感器,例如,已经由Ya Wang、Yi Jia、QiushuiChen和Yanyun Wang在Sensors 2008第7982页至7995页的文章“A Passive WirelessTemperature Sensor for Harsh Environment Applications”中提出。包括温变电容(temperature dependent capacitance)和电感的无源振荡电路(passive oscillatorcircuit)被设置在保持架上,使得感应线圈与设置在轴承非转动圈上的驱动振荡电路的发射器线圈相互作用。电容的温度依赖性(温变特性)导致保持架中谐振电路的谐振频率的温度依赖性(温变特性),而所述谐振频率是可以被测量的。相似的系统已被普渡大学的S.Scott等人研究过(例如参见,http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/nanopub/1089)。
在保持架中的谐振电路从在非转动圈上设有线圈的主电路(primary circuit)中吸取能量,使得谐振频率可以通过频率扫描中的吸收峰值(absorption peak)推导得到。该方法测量在振荡频率下丢失的能量。
在典型情况下,函数信号发生器(function generator)将正弦波信号输入同轴电缆。在测量的位置处,T分离装置(T-splitter device)将信号分离为传输到初级线圈/收发器线圈(primary coil/transceiver coil)的部分和传输到进行频谱分析(spectralanalysis)的接收器(receiver)的部分。初级线圈与保持架中的测量线圈两者的组合在特定频率下吸收的一定量的能量,该被吸收能量的占比(比例)取决于温度。剩余的能量则被认为到达接收器。该方法利用线圈之间的磁通耦合(flux coupling),类似于变压器中的情形。然而,该方法具有低信噪比(low signal-to-noise ratio)以及由不正确的阻抗匹配引起的颤频效应(microphony)的缺点。
实际上,收发器线圈的返回信号中仅有部分信号到达接收器的分析电路,而另一部分信号则返回发生器,从而导致低信噪比。
传感器的初级线圈本质上是一个闭合回路(loop),因而是一个平衡型电气系统(balanced-type electrical system),而同轴标准电缆是不平衡的。固有问题在于系统阻抗的不匹配会引起颤频效应,也就是说,对诸如振动或公差之类的外部环境的依赖,使得输出值将发生较大变化。所述颤频效应主要是由电缆外皮中流动的反射电流(reflectivecurrent)所导致的,这种反射电流会受到触碰或移动的影响。这导致难以校准和再现。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种在具有更好信噪比的无源谐振电路(passiveresonant circuit)中具有集成温度感测(integrated temperature sensing)的轴承。本发明的另一目的是在轴承保持架上创建测量平台,该平台顾及可用空间和重量限制,同时能够可靠地传输能量和数据。
本发明涉及一种在滚动轴承中使用的传感器总成(sensor assembly)。所述滚动轴承具有至少一个轴承保持架和设置在所述保持架内的多个滚动体。所述保持架是本发明所述的传感器总成中的一部分。所述传感器总成包括驱动振荡电路(driven oscillatorcircuit),驱动振荡电路包括接收器、函数信号发生器和初级线圈。其中,所述传感器总成包括无源振荡电路,无源振荡电路包括温变电容和电感线圈,所述无源振荡电路附着在所述保持架上,使得电感线圈与驱动振荡电路的初级线圈相互作用。
本发明特别提出在上述系统的函数信号发生器与初级线圈之间设置定向耦合器,该定向耦合器被设置为向调谐接收器(tuned receiver)输出从保持架中的无源谐振电路反射的信号,所述调谐接收器接收函数信号发生器产生的信号的反馈。所述接收器用于检测反射信号的复振幅矢量(complex amplitude vector)。模数转换采样系统(an analog-to-digital converting sampling system)跟随此接收器,能够对信号进行分析。通常,但非必须,需要在足以使保持架完成至少一周旋转的时间段内取平均值,从而允许消除任何重复的距离分量(distance component),并且易于振幅分离(separation of amplitude)。
本发明可适用于具有能够容纳如上定义的无源电路的保持架的任何种类的轴承。可使用金属保持架本身作为电感线圈,或将电感线圈嵌入绝缘保持架中的凹槽或其它类型的凹陷中,或将线圈简单地附着到保持架外表面。
驱动振荡电路可附着在轴承的非转动圈、轴承座(bearing housing)或任何适合的附近位置。初级线圈最好附着在轴承的一个圈上,尤其是轴承外圈,例如,通过附着或者集成在轴承密封或轴承盖上,使得初级线圈与电感线圈之间的磁通耦合(magnetic fluxcoupling)足够强。
通过在小频率范围对函数信号发生器-接收器对(the transmitter-receiverpair)进行分步扫描,频率-振幅对(the frequency and amplitude pair)能够被记录下来。传感器电路的振荡频率可被确定,使得电容所在位置处的相应温度可被测量。
定向耦合器防止朝向函数信号发生器的信号能量的损耗,因此导致信噪比的提高。基本上,定向耦合器使测量信号反射成为可能,避免耗损,从而获得更好的信噪比。
在本发明的优选实施例中,初级电感线圈和无源谐振电路的电感线圈二者在轴承保持架的整个圆周上延伸。磁通量可因此被最大化,从而可获得收发器天线与保持架天线之间的强耦合。
根据本发明的另一方面,本发明提出在信号线中进一步设置变压器,优选电流模式换衡器(current mode balun)形式的变压器,所述信号线包括在定向耦合器与初级线圈之间的同轴电缆。由于设置了换衡器,同轴电缆可被平衡,系统的颤频效应得以减小,也就是说,系统对于环境变化、振动、公差或者类似因素的敏感度大为降低。
模数变压器能用于将信号数字化并能够使用增强的数字信号处理技术。
本发明的以上实施例以及所附权利要求和附图显示了本发明以特定组合方式的多个限定特征。本领域技术人员容易能够考虑到进一步组合或这些特征,以便根据他的特定需求来采用在权利要求中限定的本发明。
附图说明
图1是在轴承中使用的本发明的传感器总成的电路示意图;以及
图2是本发明的传感器总成的保持架的细节。
具体实施方式
图1示出了包括驱动振荡电路12的传感器总成,其中,驱动振荡电路包括接收器12a、函数信号发生器12b和初级线圈12c。进一步地,传感器总成包括无源振荡电路14,其中,无源振荡电路14包括温变电容14a和电感线圈14b。无源振荡电路14被配置为安装在轴承保持架10中,使得电感线圈14b与驱动振荡电路12的初级线圈12c相互作用。
驱动振荡电路12可以附着在轴承的非转动圈、轴承座或任何适宜的附近位置。初级线圈12c优选附着在轴承的一个圈上,最好是轴承外圈,比如,通过附着或者集成在轴承密封(bearing seal)或轴承盖(bearing cap)上得以实现(图中未显示)。
根据本发明,在系统的函数信号发生器12b与初级线圈12c之间的信号线中设置有定向耦合器(directional coupler)12e。该定向耦合器12e被设置为向调谐接收器12a输出从保持架10中的无源谐振电路反射的信号,其中,调谐接收器12a接收由函数信号发生器12b产生的信号的反馈。
信号线的末端设有作为电流模式换衡器(current mode balun)的变压器12d,该信号线包括在定向耦合器12e与初级线圈12c之间的同轴电缆12f。变压器12d平衡同轴电缆12f,使得包括同轴电缆12f和初级线圈12c在内的整个系统变得平衡。
信号处理单元16被配置为分析由接收器12a接收到的信号,包含模数转换器16a,用于接收接收器12a的输出。信号处理单元16被配置为能够计算出在足以使保持架10相对于非转动圈完成至少一周旋转的时间段内的信号平均值,从而允许消除任何重复的距离分量(distance component),并易于振幅分离(separation of amplitude)。信号处理单元16用于检测反射信号的复振幅矢量(complex amplitude vector),并对该信号进行分析。
通过在小频率范围内对函数信号发生器-接收器对(function generator-receiver pair)进行分步扫描,一组频率-振幅对(a set of frequency and amplitudepairs)能够被记录下来。传感器电路的振荡频谱中的峰值可被确定为谐振频率,使得保持架的相应温度被测量。
图2示出本发明的配备有无源谐振电路14的轴承保持架10的细节。初级线圈12c和无源谐振电路的电感线圈14b两者在轴承圈或轴承保持架10的整个圆周上延伸,并且被设置为彼此同轴邻近。电感线圈14b被安装在轴承保持架10轴向端面上的槽口(notch)10a中。同侧端面上包括容纳电容14a的稍微大些的凹陷(recess)10b。
根据本发明的优选实施例的设计方案将单独的主振荡器(primary oscillator)用作函数信号发生器12b,并将它的能量通过以上描述的具有如图1中所示的定位耦合器12e和变压器12d(电流模式换衡器)的特定系统输入初级线圈12c(或天线)的单绕组中。
当采用主电路(primary circuit)时,输入初级线圈12c的能量或者进入空中,或者通过变压器12d反射到定向耦合器12e。定向耦合器12e的功能之一是尽可能防止反射能量中的一部分返回到函数信号发生器电路,并增加提供所述反射能量的额外输出。该能量随后可被引入调谐接收器12a。
相较于现有技术,本发明的优点包括更好的信噪比和降低的环境变化敏感度(即,颤频效应)。
Claims (9)
1.一种用于滚动轴承的传感器总成,所述轴承包括至少一副轴承保持架(10),所述保持架(10)被设置为容纳所述轴承的至少一个滚动体,所述传感器总成包括:
a.驱动振荡电路(12),包括调谐接收器(12a)、函数信号发生器(12b)和初级线圈(12c);以及
b.无源振荡电路(14),包括温变电容(14a)和电感线圈(14b),所述无源振荡电路(14)的温变电容(14a)被配置为附着在所述轴承保持架(10)上并且电连接至所述电感线圈(14b),使得电感线圈(14b)与驱动振荡电路(12)的初级线圈(12c)相互作用;
其特征在于,在函数信号发生器(12b)与初级线圈(12c)之间的信号线中设置有定向耦合器(12e),该定向耦合器(12e)被设置为向所述调谐接收器(12a)输出从保持架中的无源振荡电路反射的信号,所述调谐接收器(12a)接收由函数信号发生器(12b)产生的信号的反馈。
2.根据权利要求1所述的传感器总成,其特征在于,所述传感器总成还包括在信号线中的变压器(12d),所述信号线包括在定向耦合器(12e )与初级线圈(12c)之间的同轴电缆(12f)。
3.根据权利要求2所述的传感器总成,其特征在于,所述变压器(12d)被配置为电流模式换衡器。
4.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的传感器总成,其特征在于,所述传感器总成还包括信号处理单元(16),被配置为分析由调谐接收器(12a)接收到的信号。
5.根据权利要求4所述的传感器总成,其特征在于,所述信号处理单元(16)被配置为能够计算在足以使保持架相对于轴承的非转动圈完成至少一周旋转的时间段内的信号平均值。
6.根据权利要求1~3中的任一项所述的传感器总成,其特征在于,所述传感器总成还包括模数转换器(16a),用于接收所述调谐接收器(12a)的输出。
7.根据权利要求1~3中的任一项所述的传感器总成,其特征在于,所述初级线圈(12c)和无源振荡电路的电感线圈(14b)两者在轴承保持架(10)的整个圆周上延伸。
8.一种包括前述权利要求中的任一项所述的传感器总成的轴承。
9.一种包括轴承的机器,其中,所述轴承配备有根据权利要求1至7中的任一项所述的传感器总成。
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GB2532762A (en) | 2014-11-27 | 2016-06-01 | Skf Ab | Load measurement device and method for determining load |
GB2532927A (en) * | 2014-11-27 | 2016-06-08 | Skf Ab | Sealing assembly and method for monitoring dynamic properties of a sealing assembly |
EP3150875A1 (en) * | 2015-09-30 | 2017-04-05 | Aktiebolaget SKF | Bearing cage with antenna and method for detecting failure of a bearing cage |
CN107917765A (zh) * | 2017-11-07 | 2018-04-17 | 中国电建集团贵阳勘测设计研究院有限公司 | 一种监测风电机组轴系温度装置及方法 |
DE102018217239B4 (de) * | 2018-10-09 | 2020-06-18 | E.G.O. Elektro-Gerätebau GmbH | Heizvorrichtung und Verfahren zur Temperaturerfassung an einer Heizvorrichtung |
WO2021097751A1 (zh) * | 2019-11-21 | 2021-05-27 | 舍弗勒技术股份两合公司 | 温度传感器轴承组件 |
CN112525061B (zh) * | 2020-11-09 | 2022-09-13 | 西南科技大学 | 一种采用纳米复合材料的无线应变测试装置及方法 |
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GB2540565B (en) | 2019-04-24 |
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