CN106340727B - A kind of phased array antenna based on connection cavity - Google Patents
A kind of phased array antenna based on connection cavity Download PDFInfo
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- CN106340727B CN106340727B CN201610945580.0A CN201610945580A CN106340727B CN 106340727 B CN106340727 B CN 106340727B CN 201610945580 A CN201610945580 A CN 201610945580A CN 106340727 B CN106340727 B CN 106340727B
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- medium substrate
- layer medium
- feed line
- elongated slot
- microstrip feed
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
- H01Q21/0075—Stripline fed arrays
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- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to Radar Technology, wireless communication technology fields, and in particular to a kind of phased array antenna based on connection cavity.It is arranged in matrix and is formed by basic antenna element, basic antenna element includes the metal floor equipped with elongated slot；Middle layer medium substrate is covered above floor, surface printing has microstrip feed line；Upper layer medium substrate is equipped with above the medium substrate of middle layer, surface printing has metal patch.The through-hole being adapted on the through-hole and middle layer medium substrate being disposed through on lower metal floor by coaxial fitting inner core, is connected with microstrip feed line and is fed.Metal patch constitutes wide angle impedance matching layer as irradiation structure together with upper layer medium substrate, effectively ensures that array has wide-angle scan capability simultaneously in bandwidth of operation.The present invention has feed system simple, and low section is easily conformal, processes feature easy to assembly, can be used for needing the radar and communication system in broadband and wide-angle scanning range.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Radar Technology, wireless communication technology fields, and in particular to a kind of phased array based on connection cavity
Antenna, in particular to broadband, large-angle scanning, suitable for the radars and communication system such as microwave, millimeter wave.
Background technique
In the past few decades, broadband, large-angle scanning phased array antenna are in widespread attention in military and commercial field, commonly use
In wideband radar, the systems such as satellite communication and radio astronomy.Military airborne platform is to multi-functional (monitoring, identification, tracking target)
The demand of system also promotes the development in broadband, wide angle phased array antenna.Under the application, small space and light weight are that antenna is set
The major limitation of meter, therefore realize that broadband, large-angle scanning are very useful under individual antenna array bore.In traditional width
Band, in large-angle scanning phased array antenna design method, first of all for avoiding occurring graing lobe when scanning to wide-angle, between antenna element
Away from must control within the half wavelength of front end；Secondly the size of bay also should be less than the half wavelength of front end,
The limitation of bay size also increases the difficulty of the Wide-Band Design.Finally, in small array element spacing (less than half of wave of front end
It is long) in the case where, the mutual coupling between array element becomes very strong, can seriously affect the impedance and radiation characteristic of unit itself.Therefore
Even if antenna array unit obtains good wideband impedance match under the firing angle degree of side, the active impedance of array antenna unit due to
With scanning angle acute variation can occur for mutual coupling, cause array element can severe mismatch in wide-angle scanning.Therefore how
Inhibiting mutual coupling existing between elements is always ultimate challenge in traditional phased array antenna design process.
Over the past decade, international field of antenna correlation scholar, which proposes using close coupling bay, realizes that broadband is phased
The new approaches of array antenna.The theoretical basis of the thinking can trace back to the continuous current foliation that Wheeler is proposed in nineteen sixty-five
By.In the United States Patent (USP) of patent No. US6512487, the radiation arm of adjacent dipole subelement is connected by interdigital capacitor structure,
The increased condensance of interdigital structure effectively counteracts the inductive reactance load on ground.Due to the compact and phase of bay arrangement
Mutually strong to couple, the current distribution on doublet unit is nearly constant constant, has effectively expanded bandwidth, has demonstrated continuous current
Foliation opinion.However in practical applications, the feeding network of close coupling antenna dipole array needs to carry out well-designed, to avoid feedback
Electric network bring cross polarization radiations.Further, it in order to avoid common mode resonance caused by the feeder line of connection dipole, usually needs
Want the external mix network of 180 degree or using other complicated braking measures.Therefore, the transmission network of close coupling dipole array
Network is complicated heavy, increases the size of entire antenna system, weight and cost.In addition, in order to avoid backward radiation, usually away from
From floor is placed at front quarter-wave (near high band), it is placed on front along with angular region is scanned for expansion
The wide angle impedance matching layer (usually by several layers thickness, the different medium substrate of dielectric constant is constituted) of side, considerably increases day
The section height of line is unfavorable for the integrated and conformal of antenna and platform.
In conclusion traditional phased array antenna is difficult the ability simultaneously with broadband, large-angle scanning, and utilize the strong of coupling
Coupling dipole antenna array, there is also feeding network design complexity, section height conformal defects not easy of integration.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to: in view of the above-mentioned problems, providing a kind of phased array antenna based on connection cavity, avoid
Complicated feed network design, while section is low, easily conformal, processing is easy to assembly, has broadband, large-angle scanning ability.
To achieve the goals above, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: a kind of phased array antenna based on connection cavity,
Be arranged in matrix and formed by basic antenna element, basic antenna element from bottom to up successively include lower metal floor, in
Layer medium substrate, microstrip feed line, upper layer medium substrate and metal patch.
It is 0.04~0.15 λ that its depth of elongated slot 106 is provided on the lower metal floorlow(λlowFor low frequency end wavelength),
Width is 0.05~0.2 λlow.The medium of elongated slot filling relative dielectric constant >=1.Elongated slot both ends are open or closed shape
Formula.
The middle layer medium substrate 102 is covered on lower metal floor 101, and is fitted with it, and size is adapted.Its
Upper surface is printed with microstrip feed line, and the through-hole and middle layer that coaxial fitting inner core 107 is disposed through on lower metal floor 101 are situated between
The through-hole being adapted on matter substrate 102, is connected with microstrip feed line 105 and is fed, through-hole is without elongated slot.Lower metal floor
101 through hole center and 106 width direction center of elongated slot are at a distance of 0.05~0.2 λlow.Microstrip feed line length is 0.1~0.4 λlow。
The width of the dielectric constant of middle layer medium substrate 102, thickness and the microstrip feed line is designed according to microstrip transmission line theory
And adjustment.
The relative dielectric constant of the upper layer medium substrate 103 is between 1~3, and thickness is less than 0.1 λlow, upper surface is equipped with
Metal patch 104.Upper layer medium substrate directly overlays on the medium substrate of middle layer or is placed on the table on the medium substrate of middle layer
Face is lower than 0.1 λlowHeight and position.Metal patch 104 with its physical centre be correspondingly arranged at 106 width direction of elongated slot just on
Side, length are 0.1~0.4 λlow, width is 0.01~0.04 λlow, after the long side of metal patch intersects with the translation of the broadside of elongated slot
It will form vertical relationship.The basic antenna element of aerial array is formed as shown in Fig. 2, including lower metal floor 101, middle layer
Medium substrate 102, upper layer medium substrate 103, microstrip feed line 105, metal patch 104.Have on each basic antenna element 1 it is micro-
105,2~8 metal patches 104 of ribbon feeder.
When aerial array work, the opening of elongated slot 106 forms continuous equivalent magnetic current, according to the continuous of Wheeler
Electric current foliation opinion, effectively increases the bandwidth of operation of aerial array.The both incentive structure as elongated slot 106 of microstrip feed line 105, from
Body is also used as irradiation structure.Metal patch 104 is also used as irradiation structure, and constitutes wide angle resistance together with upper layer medium substrate 103
Anti- matching layer effectively ensures that array has wide-angle scan capability simultaneously in bandwidth of operation.
Further, the phased array antenna based on connection cavity, front are plane or curved surface.Fig. 3 gives day
Linear array face is the schematic diagram of curved surface, including having the medium substrate 203 on the floor 201 of connection metal cavity, printed microstrip feeder line
Medium substrate 203 with type metal with line 204, with easy to be conformal with cylinder platform.
Further, the phased array antenna based on connection cavity, section (face E) where the broadside of elongated slot are square
It is shape, circle, U-shaped or trapezoidal.
Further, the elongated slot 106 of the basic antenna element based on connection cavity has two altogether, and perpendicular relationship is set
It is placed on lower metal floor, and has metal patch, microstrip feed line, coaxial fitting inner core and the through-hole of corresponding mating setting；
It at this time further include the second upper layer medium substrate being set on upper layer medium substrate, metal patch and one of direction thereon
Elongated slot match, realize the corresponding mating of two elongated slots and metal patch, microstrip feed line, coaxial fitting inner core and through-hole, most
Eventually to realize dual polarised radiation.Fig. 7 gives the schematic diagram of the basic antenna element of dual polarization, including the lower floor with elongated slot
701, it is printed with the middle layer medium substrate 702 of microstrip feed line 707 and 708, is printed with the upper layer medium substrate of metal patch 706
703 and it is printed with the second upper layer medium substrate 704 of metal patch 705.Microwave coaxial joint inner core 709,710 passes through lower layer's gold
Aperture on possession plate 701 is connect with orthogonally located microstrip feed line 707 and 708 respectively, is carried out feed and is formed dual polarization.Metal
The mutually orthogonal placement of patch 705 and 706.Between 1~3, thickness is less than the relative dielectric constant of second upper layer medium substrate 704
0.05λlow.The design of remaining structure size is similar with above-mentioned single polarization radiation phased array design.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: avoiding complicated feeding network design, structure is simple, processes easy to assembly, day
Linear array face can be plane or curved surface, easily conformal with platform intergration.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the STRUCTURE DECOMPOSITION signal of 20 × 2 Planar Phased Array Antenna based on connection cavity described in embodiment 1
Figure；
Fig. 2 is the basic antenna element schematic diagram based on connection cavity Planar Phased Array Antenna described in embodiment 1；
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the cylinder phased array antenna based on connection cavity；
Fig. 4 is the simulation result of the active voltage standing-wave ratio of basic antenna element described in embodiment 1；
The Planar Phased Array Antenna schematic diagram based on connection cavity that Fig. 5 is described in embodiment 29 × 9；
Fig. 6 is that elongated slot cross section is trapezoidal and U-shaped schematic diagram on floor；
Fig. 7 is the basic antenna element knot of the dual polarization plane phased array antenna based on connection cavity described in embodiment 3
Structure decomposition diagram；
Fig. 8 is the floor schematic diagram of the 9 dual polarization plane phased array antenna of 9x based on connection cavity described in embodiment 3.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the purpose of the present invention, the technical scheme and advantages are more clear, below with reference to implementing embodiment and attached drawing,
Present invention is further described in detail.
Embodiment 1
The Scanning Phased Array Antenna with Broadband based on connection cavity of the present embodiment uses 20 × 2 planar array shape
Formula is divided into three layers as shown in Figure 1, including having the lower floor 101 of connection metal cavity, being printed in microstrip feed line 105
Layer medium substrate 101 and the upper layer medium substrate 103 for being printed with metal patch 104.Lower metal floor 101 is 3.5mm thick
Aluminium sheet, is machined with depth 3mm on aluminium sheet, the rectangular section cavity 106 of width 4mm, is not filled with medium in cavity.Middle layer medium base
The relative dielectric constant 2.2 of plate 102, thickness 0.5mm, printed thereon have microstrip feed line 105.Upper layer medium substrate 103 it is opposite
Dielectric constant 2.2, thickness 3mm, printed thereon have rectangular patch 104.Microwave coaxial joint inner core 107 passes through lower metal floor
Aperture on 101 is connected with microstrip feed line 105 to be fed.It is 10mm along the face H arrangement units spacing, between the arrangement units of the face E
Away from for 14mm.This example design working frequency range is 7-12GHz, and array heights are 0.28 times of high frequency 12GHz wavelength, has low cut open
The characteristic in face.
Fig. 2 show a basic antenna element schematic diagram in Fig. 1.Type metal in the upper layer medium substrate 103
Patch 104 is located at the surface of connection cavity 106.The quantity of type metal patch 104 on each basic antenna element is 4
It is a, having a size of 6mm × 0.7mm, spacing 2.5mm.
It is varying with frequency imitative that Fig. 4 gives the present embodiment neutron array element active voltage standing-wave ratio under different scanning angle
True result.It can be in ± 65 ° of scanning ranges, impedance bandwidth of the active voltage standing-wave ratio less than 2 is real up to 53% from Fig. 4
The broadband of existing phased array antenna, large-angle scanning.
Embodiment 2
Specifically, each basic antenna element is each extended over to two-dimensional directional, that is, it may make up 9 × 9 planar array in Fig. 5
Column.Other structures are the same as the detailed description in embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3
Fig. 7 is the basic antenna unit structure that dual polarised radiation is realized in the present embodiment.It is divided into four layers as shown in the figure, including
With connecting the lower floor 701 of metal cavity, being printed with the middle layer medium substrate 702 of microstrip feed line 707 and 708, it is printed with
The upper layer medium substrate 703 of metal patch 706 and the second upper layer medium substrate 704 for being printed with metal patch 705.Microwave coaxial
Joint inner core 709,710 passes through the aperture on lower metal floor 701 and connects respectively with orthogonally located microstrip feed line 707 and 708
It connects, carries out feed and form dual polarization.The mutually orthogonal placement of metal patch 705 and 706.Fig. 8 is to utilize the basic antenna element group
At 9 planar array of 9x lower floor structural schematic diagram.As shown in figure 8, being machined with laterally and longitudinally staggered length on floor
Slot.It is open structure that Fig. 8 a, which show elongated slot both ends, and it is enclosed structure that Fig. 8 b, which show elongated slot both ends,.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of phased array antenna based on connection cavity, is arranged in matrix, feature exists by basic antenna element
In:
The basic antenna element successively includes lower metal floor, middle layer medium substrate, microstrip feed line, upper layer from bottom to up
Medium substrate and metal patch；There are 1 microstrip feed line, 2~8 metal patches on each basic antenna element；
It is 0.04~0.15 λ that its depth of elongated slot is provided on the lower metal floorlow, λlowFor low frequency end wavelength, width is
0.05~0.2 λlow, the medium of elongated slot filling relative dielectric constant >=1, elongated slot both ends are open or closed form；
The middle layer medium substrate is covered on lower metal floor, and is fitted with it, and size is adapted, thereon surface printing
There is microstrip feed line；Coaxial fitting inner core be disposed through on the through-hole on lower metal floor and middle layer medium substrate be adapted
Through-hole is connected with microstrip feed line and is fed, and through-hole is without elongated slot；The through hole center on lower metal floor and long groove width side
To center at a distance of 0.05~0.2 λlow, microstrip feed line length is 0.1~0.4 λlow, dielectric constant, the thickness of middle layer medium substrate
And the width of microstrip feed line is designed and adjusts according to microstrip transmission line theory；
The relative dielectric constant of the upper layer medium substrate is 1~3, and thickness is less than 0.1 λlow, upper surface is equipped with metal patch；On
Layer medium substrate is directly overlayed on the medium substrate of middle layer or is placed on apart from middle layer medium substrate upper surface lower than 0.1 λlow's
Height and position；Metal patch is correspondingly arranged at the surface of elongated slot (106) width direction with its physical centre, and length is 0.1~0.4
λlow, width is 0.01~0.04 λlow, the long side of metal patch will form vertical relationship after intersecting with the translation of the broadside of elongated slot.
2. as described in claim 1 based on the phased array antenna of connection cavity, it is characterised in that: the front of phased array antenna is flat
Face or curved surface, with easy to be conformal with target platform.
3. as described in claim 1 based on the phased array antenna of connection cavity, it is characterised in that: cut where the broadside of the elongated slot
Face, that is, face E is rectangle, circle, U-shaped or trapezoidal.
4. as described in claim 1 based on the phased array antenna of connection cavity, it is characterised in that: the elongated slot has two altogether, is in
Vertical relation is set on lower metal floor, and is had in the metal patch, microstrip feed line, coaxial fitting of corresponding mating setting
Core and through-hole；At this time further include the second upper layer medium substrate being set on upper layer medium substrate, thereon metal patch and its
In the elongated slot in a direction match, realize pair of two elongated slots and metal patch, microstrip feed line, coaxial fitting inner core and through-hole
It answers mating, finally realizes dual polarised radiation.
5. as described in claim 1 based on the phased array antenna of connection cavity, it is characterised in that: the metal patch is distributed as
Period profile or random distribution.
6. as described in claim 1 based on the phased array antenna of connection cavity, it is characterised in that: while it is working, by described
Middle layer medium substrate microstrip feed line is fed；The middle layer medium substrate is bonded the connecting cavity to be formed with lower metal floor
Body, opening form continuous equivalent magnetic current, are discussed according to the continuous current foliation of Wheeler, effectively increase aerial array
Bandwidth of operation；The upper layer medium substrate for being printed with metal patch constitutes wide angle impedance matching layer, effectively ensures aerial array
There is wide-angle scan capability simultaneously in bandwidth of operation.
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| CN109037895B (en) * | 2018-07-24 | 2023-09-29 | 复旦大学 | Wide bandwidth angular low profile tightly coupled antenna array |
| CN109103575B (en) * | 2018-08-01 | 2020-09-11 | 中国航空工业集团公司雷华电子技术研究所 | Microstrip antenna unit and microstrip antenna |
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| CN109818159B (en) * | 2019-04-01 | 2023-12-19 | 西南交通大学 | Ku wave band 80 unit long linear array spiral array antenna |
| CN112259959B (en) * | 2020-10-19 | 2022-11-22 | 西安电子工程研究所 | Low profile wide bandwidth swept phased array antenna unit |
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