CN106331908B - Passive optical network system and device thereof - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a passive optical network system.A plurality of corresponding paths of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing data subframes are formed by carrying out inverse Fourier transform on data respectively sent to a plurality of optical network units in an OLT (optical line terminal), and then symbol interleaving processing is carried out on the paths of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing data subframes to form a new orthogonal frequency division multiplexing data frame; then, carrying out parallel serial data conversion and digital-to-analog conversion on the new orthogonal frequency division multiplexing data frame to form a passive optical network downlink analog electrical signal; and finally, performing optical modulation to generate a passive optical network downlink optical signal, performing symbol-removing interleaving processing on an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing data frame in the passive optical network downlink electrical signal by the ONU, selecting an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing data subframe for receiving the optical network unit, performing Fourier transform calculation, and recovering downlink data corresponding to the optical network unit in the downlink passive optical network data. Therefore, the calculation amount of the DSP at the ONU end and the requirements of hardware devices are reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of communications technologies, and in particular, to a passive optical network in an access network system and an apparatus thereof.
Background
At present, an access network mainly uses a Passive Optical Network (PON) technology with a tree structure, and with the increasing demands of users for high-bandwidth services such as high-definition IPTV and video monitoring, operators have made higher expectations for the PON system in terms of bandwidth demands, service support capability, access node equipment and supporting equipment performance, and the like. The TDM-PON (time division multiplexing-based passive optical network) is widely applied, and the evolution direction of the next-generation PON technology after 10G also becomes a discussion hotspot of international standard organizations such as ITU-T (international telecommunication union, telecommunication standardization sector) and FSAN (full service access network forum).
With the evolution of PON technology: from GPON/EPON to XGPON/10GEPON up to 40G-TWDM-PON, bandwidth is no longer the only technical bottleneck limiting the user experience. The interest of operators and equipment vendors is gradually being directed to OFDM-PON (passive optical network based on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing). OFDM-PON was still one of the alternatives of NG-PON2 in 2012, but due to the expected design time limit of NG-PON2 standard, the NG-PON2 standard was dropped as it was selected by the TWDM-PON (passive optical network based on time division and wavelength division multiplexing) with its most recent kindred relationship.
The OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) is a multi-carrier transmission technology, and high-speed serial bit information is dynamically allocated to subcarriers with mutually overlapped frequency spectrums, so that the frequency spectrum efficiency of a system is effectively improved. The sub-carrier can adopt high-order modulation such as PSK (phase shift keying modulation), QAM (quadrature amplitude modulation) and the like to improve the system capacity. Due to the increased length of the OFDM symbols, combined with the use of cyclic prefix techniques, intersymbol interference (ISI) due to multipath and dispersion in the transmission link is strongly overcome. Meanwhile, OFDM modulation integrates the idea of software radio, the main functions of the OFDM modulation are to realize digital signal processing such as IDFT (inverse discrete Fourier transform) and DFT (discrete Fourier transform) by means of a DSP (digital signal processing) chip, and then to realize conversion between a digital domain and an analog domain by means of digital/analog and analog/digital conversion, most functions of a communication system except for a radio frequency front end, an antenna and the like are realized by using software, and the advantages of the software of a flexible, simple, convenient, accurate, reconfigurable and efficient signal digital processing algorithm are greatly exerted. The DSP-enabled OFDM-PON keeps a high-speed development situation as a future optical access technology all the time, and is an effective scheme which has universal access capability, can be defined by software and has reconfigurability in a plurality of future optical access schemes. Meanwhile, "parallel application" in data centers and wireless front-end backhaul is also an important force for advancing the evolution and development of OFDM-PON technology.
Considering the advantages of the OFDM-PON, such as the dispersion resistance and the spectrum effectiveness, and the flexible scheduling of carrier resources in the optical access network, the OFDM-PON should have extremely high acceptance and development in the optical access. However, the disadvantages of OFDM-PON in terms of complexity and cost are the main reasons for its limitations, compared to the conventional low-cost optical access network.
Even though there are many technical advantages, one limitation of the OFDM-PON is that the overhead of the DSP is large and the computational complexity is high, resulting in high energy consumption. As illustrated in connection with fig. 1 and 2, a comparison of point-to-point and point-to-multipoint OFDM transmission is provided. As can be seen from fig. 1, the OFDM transmission has a symmetrical structure at the transmitting end Tx and the receiving end Rx. The transmission method is applied to the point-to-multipoint structure in fig. 2, each ONU needs to operate at the same clock frequency as the transmitting end OLT, and theoretically, it is desirable that the ONU can operate at the lowest possible power consumption and low computational complexity. Meanwhile, under the OFDM-PON architecture, because data and resources have very low scheduling fineness, each ONU (optical network unit) needs to operate in a full-rate state consistent with an OLT (optical line terminal) to capture all link information in a downlink PON signal, identify and extract a data block corresponding to the ONU after completing full-band FFT (fourier transform), and discard non-relevant data.
In view of this, in the network structure of the PON, the complexity and the effectiveness of the ONU need to be re-optimized, and it is necessary to solve the problems of high computational complexity and low effectiveness in the OFDM-PON that the ONU must operate at a clock frequency consistent with the OLT and must perform data acquisition and fourier transform calculation in a full frequency band. At present, a scheme of OFDM-FDMA-PON is adopted in a plurality of schemes. In these schemes, data of each user is carried on one intermediate frequency carrier in an OFDM format, and a plurality of OFDM intermediate frequency multiplexing forms in parallel in a frequency domain are formed at the OLT end. According to the scheme, the problems can be well solved, each user can obtain the target intermediate frequency only in a demultiplexing mode, and then OFDM data is obtained by using smaller bandwidth and lower data, so that unnecessary expenses caused by the waste of calculation complexity can be avoided.
However, an implicit problem with the OFDM-FDMA-PON based scheme is a too high signal peak-to-average ratio (PAPR). Because multiplexing in the frequency domain corresponds to signal superposition in the time domain, the PAPR increases with the increase of the number of users to be multiplexed in at the OLT, resulting in loss of linearity of the transmission system. With the introduction of the nonlinear effect, the quality of the OFDM signal is severely intermodulation and transmission errors occur, so that the scheme can only be well adapted to the scene of light users (for example, less than 16 users).
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the validity defect of the ONU in the OFDM-PON, the invention aims to provide a technical solution for reducing the sampling quantization rate of the ADC of the ONU at the user side, reducing the size of Fourier transform calculation and the DSP calculation amount so as to reduce power consumption and finally improve the practicability of the OFDM-PON technology.
According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided an optical fiber line terminal in a passive optical network system, including: the plurality of inverse Fourier transform devices are used for performing inverse Fourier transform on the data respectively sent to the plurality of optical network units to form a plurality of corresponding paths of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing data subframes; the processing device carries out symbol interleaving processing on the plurality of paths of OFDM data subframes to form a new OFDM data frame; the first conversion device is used for carrying out parallel serial data conversion and digital-to-analog conversion on the new orthogonal frequency division multiplexing data frame to form a passive optical network downlink analog electric signal; and the electro-optical conversion device is used for carrying out optical modulation on the downlink analog electrical signal of the passive optical network to generate a downlink optical signal of the passive optical network and sending the downlink optical signal of the passive optical network to the optical network unit through the optical distribution network.
Preferably, the inverse fourier transform size of each ofdm data subframe in the aforementioned inverse fourier transform device may be defined by software.
Preferably, the symbol interleaving apparatus buffers the ofdm data sub-frame first, and then performs symbol interleaving according to a certain ratio.
Preferably, the first converting means performs digital-to-analog conversion on the new ofdm data frame at a rate corresponding to N times a reference sampling rate.
Preferably, the inverse fourier transform device includes synchronization and control signaling of sub-frame data of ofdm data, and further includes control signaling of the passive optical network, where the control signaling of the passive optical network includes dynamic bandwidth allocation and common operation and maintenance management signaling
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided an optical network unit in a passive optical network system, including: the photoelectric conversion device receives a passive optical network downlink optical signal from the optical distribution network and converts the passive optical network downlink optical signal into a passive optical network downlink electric signal; the second conversion device is used for carrying out symbol removal interleaving processing on the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing data frame in the passive optical network downlink electric signal and selecting and receiving the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing data subframe of the optical network unit; and the Fourier transform device is used for performing Fourier transform calculation on the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing data subframe sent to the optical network unit and recovering the downlink data corresponding to the optical network unit in the downlink passive optical network data.
Preferably, the second conversion device performs digital-to-analog conversion on the passive optical network downstream electrical signal at a reference sampling rate.
Preferably, the second converting means performs de-symbol interleaving processing on the ofdm data frame in the downlink electrical signal according to the control signaling in the recovered downlink data.
Preferably, the aforementioned second conversion means includes: a local clock device for generating a clock signal of a specific clock frequency; the analog-to-digital conversion device is used for carrying out analog-to-digital conversion on the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing data subframe corresponding to the optical network unit in the passive optical network downlink electric signal by using the clock signal; the de-interleaving processing device is used for performing de-interleaving processing on the data output by the analog-to-digital conversion device to obtain orthogonal frequency division multiplexing data subcarriers corresponding to the local network unit and outputting the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing data subcarriers to the Fourier transform device; the operation and maintenance management control device controls the synchronous control device and the de-interlacing processing device according to the control signaling in the recovered downlink data; a synchronous control device for controlling and calibrating the clock frequency and trigger delay of the local clock signal
According to the method and the device provided by the embodiment of the invention, the DSP calculation amount of the ONU end and the requirements of hardware devices are reduced to a great extent, and compared with the traditional OFDM-PON technology, the ONU can recover data by using lower ADC sampling rate and FFT calculation amount. By the technology, the construction and operation and maintenance cost of the OFDM-PON can be reduced to a great extent, and the method is a powerful technology for a future full-access PON network.
Drawings
The features, nature, and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the detailed description set forth below when taken in conjunction with the drawings in which like elements have like numerals wherein:
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a point-to-point OFDM transmission architecture;
fig. 2 is a schematic illustration of a point-to-multipoint OFDM transmission structure;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an OFDM transmission structure in a PON network system according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of symbol interleaving processing in the OLT provided by the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a structure of de-symbol interleaving processing in an ONU provided in the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of an OFDM data frame before and after symbol interleaving processing according to the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of an OFDM transmission structure in another PON network system provided in the present invention.
Detailed Description
In the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments, reference is made to the accompanying drawings which form a part hereof. The accompanying drawings illustrate, by way of example, specific embodiments in which the invention may be practiced. The illustrated embodiments are not intended to be exhaustive of all embodiments according to the invention. It should be noted that although the steps of the methods of the present invention are described herein in a particular order, this does not require or imply that these operations must be performed in this particular order, or that all of the illustrated operations must be performed, to achieve desirable results, but rather that the steps described herein can be performed in an order that varies. Additionally or alternatively, certain steps may be omitted, multiple steps combined into one step execution, and/or one step broken down into multiple step executions.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an OFDM transmission structure in a PON network system according to the present invention, which includes an OLT at a central office and an ONU at a subscriber side, and is designed to reduce the system complexity of the OFDM-PON mainly in terms of both the OLT and the ONU.
The OLT at the central office side in the illustrated example provides four ways of processing of ONU data, which includes: 4 iFFT (inverse fourier transform) devices, processing means, first conversion means, electro-optical conversion means, wherein:
the 4 iFFT devices perform inverse fourier transform on Data-1...... Data-4 respectively sent to the optical network unit ONU1..... ONU4, where the inverse fourier transform can cut a series of Data signals into n parts, which respectively correspond to n orthogonal different channels, and finally form corresponding multiple paths of OFDM Data subframes; here, the iFFT size of each OFDM subframe is software defined, e.g., 64 points or others.
According to the preferred embodiment of the invention, each Data-1. Therefore, each ONU can still correctly interpret the global control signaling and be controlled when independently interpreting the local data.
The processing device performs symbol interleaving processing on the 4 paths of OFDM data subframes to form a new OFDM data frame, and can buffer a plurality of OFDM subframes first and then perform symbol interleaving according to a certain proportion, wherein in the figure, the description and verification are performed by taking 1: 4 as an example. Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of symbol interleaving processing in the OLT, which is illustrated by taking three-way signal interleaving processing as an example, and 3 data streams after an iFFT (inverse fourier transform) device completes inverse fourier transform calculation are shown, where the 1 st to 3 rd symbols of the 1 st data stream are sequentially represented as 1-1, 1-2, 1-3 as shown in the figure; the 1 st to 3 rd symbols of the 2 nd data stream are sequentially represented as 2-1, 2-2, 2-3 as shown in the figure; the 1 st to 3 rd symbols of the 3 rd data stream are sequentially represented as 3-1, 3-2, 3-3 as shown in the figure, and the data output after symbol interleaving is 1-1, 2-1, 3-1, 1-2, 2-2, 3-2, 1-3, 2-3, 3-3.
A first conversion device for performing P/S (parallel/serial) data conversion and D/a (digital-to-analog) conversion on the new OFDM data frame to form a PON downstream analog electrical signal;
and the electro-optical conversion device is used for carrying out optical modulation on the PON downlink analog electric signal to generate a PON downlink optical signal and sending the PON downlink optical signal to the optical network unit through an optical distribution network.
In the example of the ONU at the user side, we take one path of ONU data processing as an example for explanation, where the ONU includes: a photoelectric conversion device, a second conversion device, an FFT (fourier transform) device, wherein:
and the photoelectric conversion device receives the PON downstream optical signal from the optical distribution network, converts the PON downstream optical signal into a PON downstream electric signal and restores the PON downstream electric signal into an electric domain analog signal.
A second conversion device, which performs symbol-removal interleaving processing on the OFDM data frame in the PON downlink electrical signal and selects to receive the OFDM data subframe of the local optical network unit;
and the FFT device is used for performing Fourier transform calculation on the OFDM data sub-frame sent to the optical network unit and recovering the downlink data corresponding to the ONU in the downlink PON data. It should be noted that the size of iFFT here is the same as the size of FFT generated by the OLT end for the OFDM channel.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the second conversion device performs digital-to-analog conversion on the passive optical network downstream electrical signal at a reference sampling rate.
Furthermore, the data stream sent to each ONU by the OLT side includes not only the clock synchronization and control signaling of the data of the current frame, but also the control signaling of the whole data, where the control signaling of the whole data includes DBA dynamic bandwidth allocation and common operation and maintenance management signaling, and the second conversion device may perform de-symbol interleaving processing on the ofdm data frame in the downlink electrical signal according to the control signaling in the downlink data recovered by the FFT device.
Fig. 5 further provides a schematic diagram of a de-symbol interleaving processing structure of a second conversion device in an ONU, which includes: analog-to-digital conversion means, deinterleave processing means, OAM means, synchronization control means, and a local clock, wherein:
the local clock means generates a clock signal of a specific clock frequency, e.g. it corresponds to 1/4 of the clock frequency in the OLT.
The analog-to-digital conversion device, controlled by the local clock, samples and quantizes the PON downstream electrical analog signal from the ONU optical-to-electrical conversion device, and obviously, since the clock frequency of the ONU is only 1/4 of the OLT, such sparse sampling means: if the link baud rate is 2.5G, the link bit rate is 15Gb/s under the 64QAM modulation format, and the sampling rate of the ONU can be set to 625 MSa/s.
In the initialization phase, since the global control signaling is distributed on a specific (for example, the first) subcarrier, the deinterleaving processing device introduces the subcarrier data output by the a/D conversion device into the FFT device to perform default FFT calculation, recovers the global control signaling contained therein, and returns the recovered global control signaling to the OAM device. After the initialization is completed, the deinterleaving processing device configures deinterleaving parameters according to the control signaling returned by the OAM so as to perform the subsequent FFT calculation.
And the OAM device and the operation and maintenance management control device analyze the global control signaling according to the result returned after calculation by the FFT device, and control parameters such as FFT subcarrier allocation, time slot and the like in the synchronous control device and the de-interleaving processing device by the clock synchronization and the control signaling of the frame data.
And the synchronous control device is used for adjusting the clock frequency and the trigger delay of the local clock by the global control signaling output by the OAM device and the clock synchronization and control signaling of the frame data so as to correctly align the time sequence of the sub-frame. Thereby enabling the A/D conversion device to select and receive the OFDM data sub-frame of the optical network unit.
And leading the data after the analog-to-digital conversion device into an FFT device to perform the subsequent data calculation of the Fourier transform processing, and recovering the downlink data corresponding to the ONU in the downlink PON data, which is the same as the traditional OFDM-PON demodulation.
It can be seen from the above 1: 4 point-to-multipoint structure that the ADC module in the ONU only needs to work at 1/4 of the line rate to recover the data of the local path, and the FFT computation amount is only 1/4 of the total number of FFT points, which theoretically results in 75% energy saving. Therefore, compared with the traditional OFDM-PON technology, the ONU can recover data with lower ADC sampling rate and FFT calculated amount, can reduce the construction and operation and maintenance cost of the OFDM-PON to a great extent, and is a powerful technology of a future full-access PON network.
It is worth noting that the system contains 4 OFDM sub-frame interleaving, which can make a single ONU demodulate the local data and information with the sampling rate and FFT size of 1: 4. In fact, the time-frequency two-dimensional resource-fast scheduling and multiplexing can be continuously carried out in each OFDM subframe. That is, multiple ONUs may all decode the same OFDM subframe, and scheduling and multiplexing of time-frequency resource blocks among the ONUs is realized at a further granularity.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of OFDM data frames before and after symbol interleaving processing provided by the present invention, and a 1: 4 undersampling experimental verification is also partially demonstrated in the present application, and in a 20km transmission experiment, data can be satisfactorily recovered at a far end. The experimental parameters set were: OLT DAC sampling rate 1G Sa/s, ONU ADC sampling rate 250M Sa/s, transmission link 20km optical fiber, 64QAM, receiving end data satisfying < 8% EVM
It provides 6 data waveforms, denoted in sequence as:
a, 4 paths of data are respectively shown, the front 6 symbols of each path of data are consistent, and the data following the front symbols represent payload;
b represents the waveform after 4-path data interleaving processing;
c, the waveform of 4 paths of data after being transmitted by the optical distribution network fiber is shown;
the D-diagram represents data obtained by sampling and quantizing the ONU1 at a given timing by a delay;
e, the diagram shows data waveforms recovered by respectively sampling 4 paths of data;
f represents the comparison of the overlap of the data waveforms before and after transmission;
the conventional OFDM-PON scheme based on the subcarrier multiplexing technology has a disadvantage in sacrificing linearity of an optical modulation part and loss of a signal-to-noise ratio. Compared with the prior art, the invention not only obviously reduces the sampling quantization rate and the volume of the ADC at the ONU end, but also more importantly, keeps the transmission performance of data from being lost.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of an OFDM transmission structure in another PON network system according to the present invention, according to which the symbol-interleaved OFDM-PON provided in the present invention can coexist with an existing TDM-PON. In the illustrated example, the conventional TDM-PON data and the OFDM-PON data are interleaved together to share an optical transmission network. Taking a 4-time rate OFDM-PON as an example, the ONU may be a conventional OOK receiver or an OFDM receiver. So ONUs of different attributes can coexist in the optical access network. The OFDM-PON with symbol interleaving is used as an alternative scheme of the next-generation PON, and powerful technical support and promotion are provided for network flexibility, networking effectiveness, strong support for heterogeneous services and wired and wireless service return.
Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art will clearly understand that the present invention may be implemented by software plus a necessary hardware platform, and certainly may be implemented by hardware, but in many cases, the former is a better embodiment. With this understanding in mind, all or part of the technical solutions of the present invention that contribute to the background can be embodied in the form of a software product, which can be stored in a storage medium, such as a ROM/RAM, a magnetic disk, an optical disk, etc., and includes instructions for causing a computer device (which can be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute the methods according to the embodiments or some parts of the embodiments of the present invention.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: modifications and equivalents may be made to the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. An optical fiber line terminal in a passive optical network system, comprising:
the system comprises a plurality of optical network units, a plurality of inverse Fourier transform devices and a plurality of optical network units, wherein the optical network units are respectively used for transmitting data to the plurality of optical network units;
the processing device carries out symbol interleaving processing on the plurality of paths of OFDM data subframes to form a new OFDM data frame;
the first conversion device is used for carrying out parallel serial data conversion and digital-to-analog conversion on the new orthogonal frequency division multiplexing data frame to form a passive optical network downlink analog electric signal; and
and the electro-optical conversion device is used for carrying out optical modulation on the downlink analog electrical signal of the passive optical network to generate a downlink optical signal of the passive optical network and sending the downlink optical signal of the passive optical network to the optical network unit through the optical distribution network.
2. The fiber optic line terminal of claim 1, wherein the inverse fourier transform device is configured such that the inverse fourier transform size of each ofdm data subframe is software definable.
3. The fiber optic line terminal of claim 1, wherein the symbol interleaving means buffers the ofdm data sub-frame prior to symbol interleaving in a certain proportion.
4. The fiber optic line terminal of claim 1, wherein the first converting means performs digital-to-analog conversion on the new ofdm data frame at a rate corresponding to N times a reference sampling rate.
5. The fiber optic line terminal of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of sub-frames of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing data further comprises synchronization, control signaling for data of the sub-frame of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing data.
6. The fiber circuit terminal of claim 1, wherein the control signaling for the data throughout the passive optical network includes dynamic bandwidth allocation, common operation and maintenance management signaling.
7. An optical network unit in a passive optical network system, comprising:
the photoelectric conversion device receives a passive optical network downlink optical signal from the optical distribution network and converts the passive optical network downlink optical signal into a passive optical network downlink electric signal;
a second conversion device, which performs de-symbol interleaving processing on the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing data frame in the passive optical network downlink electric signal and selects to receive the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing data subframe of the optical network unit, wherein the second conversion device performs de-symbol interleaving processing on the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing data frame in the downlink electric signal according to the control signaling in the recovered downlink data, wherein the control signaling comprises the control signaling for the whole data of the passive optical network; and
the Fourier transform device is used for carrying out Fourier transform calculation on the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing data subframe sent to the optical network unit and recovering downlink data corresponding to the optical network unit in the downlink passive optical network data;
the passive optical network system comprises an optical fiber line terminal and a plurality of optical network units, wherein the optical fiber line terminal comprises a plurality of inverse Fourier transform devices, and the number of the inverse Fourier transform devices is equal to that of the optical network units.
8. The network element of claim 7, wherein said second conversion means performs digital-to-analog conversion on the passive optical network downstream electrical signal at a reference sampling rate.
9. The network element of claim 7, wherein the second converting means comprises:
a local clock device for generating a clock signal of a specific clock frequency;
the analog-to-digital conversion device is used for carrying out analog-to-digital conversion on the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing data subframe corresponding to the optical network unit in the passive optical network downlink electric signal by using the clock signal;
the de-interleaving processing device is used for performing de-interleaving processing on the data output by the analog-to-digital conversion device to obtain orthogonal frequency division multiplexing data subcarriers corresponding to the local network unit and outputting the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing data subcarriers to the Fourier transform device;
the operation and maintenance management control device controls the synchronous control device and the de-interlacing processing device according to the control signaling in the recovered downlink data;
and the synchronous control device controls and calibrates the clock frequency and the trigger delay of the local clock signal.
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