CN106316200B - 复合混凝土缓凝剂 - Google Patents
复合混凝土缓凝剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN106316200B CN106316200B CN201610696883.3A CN201610696883A CN106316200B CN 106316200 B CN106316200 B CN 106316200B CN 201610696883 A CN201610696883 A CN 201610696883A CN 106316200 B CN106316200 B CN 106316200B
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- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910016341 Al2O3 ZrO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium persulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- MPPQGYCZBNURDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-propionyl-6-dimethylaminonaphthalene Chemical compound C1=C(N(C)C)C=CC2=CC(C(=O)CC)=CC=C21 MPPQGYCZBNURDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910000013 Ammonium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229920001800 Shellac Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 235000012538 ammonium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- VBIXEXWLHSRNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium oxalate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O VBIXEXWLHSRNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910001870 ammonium persulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- ZLGIYFNHBLSMPS-ATJNOEHPSA-N shellac Chemical compound OCCCCCC(O)C(O)CCCCCCCC(O)=O.C1C23[C@H](C(O)=O)CCC2[C@](C)(CO)[C@@H]1C(C(O)=O)=C[C@@H]3O ZLGIYFNHBLSMPS-ATJNOEHPSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000004208 shellac Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229940113147 shellac Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 235000013874 shellac Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910000403 monosodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 235000019799 monosodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].OP(O)([O-])=O AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 36
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ZrO2 Inorganic materials O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920002752 Konjac Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000010485 konjac Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- QCVGEOXPDFCNHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5,5-dimethyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3-oxazolidine-3-carboxamide Chemical compound CC1(C)OC(=O)N(C(N)=O)C1=O QCVGEOXPDFCNHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 102000002322 Egg Proteins Human genes 0.000 claims description 5
- 108010000912 Egg Proteins Proteins 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000014103 egg white Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 210000000969 egg white Anatomy 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 235000013379 molasses Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003467 diminishing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims 2
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 235000010981 methylcellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims 2
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 claims 1
- DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CC(O)=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000000979 retarding effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 235000019812 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 8
- 229920001027 sodium carboxymethylcellulose Polymers 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 13
- VAZSKTXWXKYQJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium persulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S(=O)OOS([O-])=O VAZSKTXWXKYQJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 6
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 4
- SEGLCEQVOFDUPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N di-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COP(O)(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC SEGLCEQVOFDUPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium cation Chemical compound [Ca+2] BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 210000000481 breast Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- YDEXUEFDPVHGHE-GGMCWBHBSA-L disodium;(2r)-3-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-[2-methoxy-4-(3-sulfonatopropyl)phenoxy]propane-1-sulfonate Chemical group [Na+].[Na+].COC1=CC=CC(C[C@H](CS([O-])(=O)=O)OC=2C(=CC(CCCS([O-])(=O)=O)=CC=2)OC)=C1O YDEXUEFDPVHGHE-GGMCWBHBSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- XONPDZSGENTBNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N molecular hydrogen;sodium Chemical compound [Na].[H][H] XONPDZSGENTBNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium nitrite Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]N=O LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001732 Lignosulfonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- MKYBYDHXWVHEJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[1-oxo-1-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propan-2-yl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(C(C)NC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 MKYBYDHXWVHEJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MJOPMBXTSLBWGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N N.CC(O)=O.NC(N)=N Chemical compound N.CC(O)=O.NC(N)=N MJOPMBXTSLBWGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910021502 aluminium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- OKWFWLQRTYKJRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,1,1-tricarboxylic acid;phosphane Chemical compound P.CCCC(C(O)=O)(C(O)=O)C(O)=O OKWFWLQRTYKJRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AOWKSNWVBZGMTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium titanate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])=O AOWKSNWVBZGMTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 210000000170 cell membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RUTXIHLAWFEWGM-UHFFFAOYSA-H iron(3+) sulfate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[Fe+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O RUTXIHLAWFEWGM-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 229910000360 iron(III) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005615 natural polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001151 other effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011414 polymer cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000010288 sodium nitrite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000162 sodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011008 sodium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007614 solvation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B40/00—Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability
- C04B40/0028—Aspects relating to the mixing step of the mortar preparation
- C04B40/0039—Premixtures of ingredients
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B20/00—Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials
- C04B20/02—Treatment
- C04B20/023—Chemical treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B20/00—Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials
- C04B20/02—Treatment
- C04B20/026—Comminuting, e.g. by grinding or breaking; Defibrillating fibres other than asbestos
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2103/00—Function or property of ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B2103/20—Retarders
- C04B2103/22—Set retarders
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
- Dental Preparations (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种复合混凝土缓凝剂,由以下重量份配比的各组分制成:氟硅酸钠2~6份、磷酸二氢钠3~9份、碳酸氢铵4~8份、过硫酸铵4~6份、氨基乙酸7~9份、甲基纤维素钠2~6份、虫胶2~4份、草酸铵1~3份、埃洛石10~15份、Al2O3‑ZrO2多孔陶瓷粉15~20份、减水剂2~5份、分散剂1~3份、表面活性剂0.3~0.6份。本发明具有缓凝效果佳、强度高、且无污染等优点,是很有发展前途的一种混凝土外加剂。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种复合混凝土缓凝剂,属于混凝土外加剂技术领域。
背景技术
混凝土外加剂是混凝土制备过程中常用的试剂,不仅掺量小,而且能改善混凝土性能,满足实际需要,同时还能节约水泥,减少能耗和减少污染物排放等功效。常见的外加剂有:早强剂、减水剂、引气剂、缓凝剂等。其中,缓凝剂是一种能延缓和降低水泥水化的放热速度,从而延长混凝土充分凝结的时间,使新拌混凝土较长时间保持塑性,方便浇注,提高施工效率,同时对混凝土后期各项性能不会造成不良影响的外加剂。因此,缓凝剂在混凝土领域起着重要的作用。
目前,市场上的缓凝剂种类较多,但是按其化学成分可分为两大类:无机缓凝剂和有机缓凝剂。其中,无机缓凝剂主要有:磷酸盐、锌盐、硫酸铁、硫酸铜、硼酸盐、氟硅酸盐等;有机缓凝剂包括:木质素磺酸盐、羟基羧酸及其盐、多元醇及其衍生物、糖类及碳水化合物等。无机缓凝剂电离出离子与水泥水化产物发生反应,在水泥颗粒表面生成致密难溶的物质膜,阻碍了水泥正常水化,从而使C3A的水化和钙矾石(AFt)的形成过程都被延缓而起到缓凝作用;有机缓凝剂含有的络合物形成基,在水泥水化的碱性介质中,与游离的Ca2+生成不稳定的络合物,致使液相中Ca2+质量浓度下降,同时络合物形成基也可能吸附于水泥颗粒表面与水化产物表面上的O2-形成氢键,并且络合物形成基又与水分子通过氢键缔合,使水泥颗粒表面形成一层较稳定的溶剂化水膜,从而抑制了水泥水化进程。
尽管无机缓凝剂和有机缓凝剂都具备一定的缓凝效果,但是单一缓凝剂的性能还是非常有限的,从而在一定的程度上抑制了其应用范围。为了解决这个技术问题,本领域工作人员把无机缓凝剂和有机缓凝剂进行复合研究,并取得一定的研究成就,如名称为“一种复合缓凝剂及其制备方法(中国专利申请公布号:CN105130240A)”的专利公开了一种复合缓凝剂及其制备方法,其所述的缓凝剂是由磷酸钠10~20份,氢氧化铝5~10份,亚硝酸钠4~8份,钛酸钙1~3份,马来酸酐2~6份,膦丁烷三羧酸1~3份,蔗糖1.5~2.8份,己糖酸钙2~5份,交联抑制剂0.2~0.8份,水4~10份制备而成。虽然其能获得较强的缓凝效果,但是在混凝土应用方面,尤其是混凝土强度方面还不能令人满意。此外,硝酸盐的使用,容易产生NO2等污染物,对空气造成污染。因此,继续探索与研究缓凝剂是必要的。
发明内容
针对上述现有技术中缓凝剂对混凝土强度方面不足的技术问题,本发明所要解决的技术问题是提出了一种能有效地提高缓凝效果和强度,且无污染的复合混凝土缓凝剂。
一种复合混凝土缓凝剂,由以下重量份配比的各组分制成:氟硅酸钠2~6份、磷酸二氢钠3~9份、碳酸氢铵4~8份、过硫酸铵4~6份、氨基乙酸7~9份、甲基纤维素钠2~6份、虫胶2~4份、草酸铵1~3份、埃洛石10~15份、Al2O3-ZrO2多孔陶瓷粉15~20份、减水剂2~5份、分散剂1~3份、表面活性剂0.3~0.6份。
优选地,
一种复合混凝土缓凝剂,由以下重量份配比的各组分制成:氟硅酸钠4份、磷酸二氢钠6份、碳酸氢铵6份、过硫酸铵5份、氨基乙酸8份、甲基纤维素钠4份、虫胶3份、草酸铵2份、埃洛石12份、Al2O3-ZrO2多孔陶瓷粉18份、减水剂4份、分散剂2份、表面活性剂0.5份。
所述的Al2O3-ZrO2多孔陶瓷粉是按照以下步骤进行处理:
1)在Al2O3-ZrO2多孔陶瓷粉中加入5%聚乙烯醇(PVA)造粒,且过60目,得到Al2O3-ZrO2多孔陶瓷颗粒;
2)将重量比为Al2O3-ZrO2多孔陶瓷颗粒:无水乙醇:氧化锆球=1:1:3的物料置于转速为200~300转/min的球磨机上球磨,球磨4~6h;
3)过筛、烘干,加入10~15%的蛋清,并高低速混合;
4)加入3~5%的糖蜜,置于频率为20~30KHz超声机上超声10~15min,即可得到改性Al2O3-ZrO2多孔陶瓷粉。
所述的减水剂为淀粉减水剂,是由10~15份小麦淀粉、10~15份豌豆淀粉和15~20份魔芋淀粉制成的,并按照以下步骤进行处理:
1)将小麦淀粉、豌豆淀粉、魔芋淀粉混合,并配制成浓度为30~35%的水溶液淀粉乳;
2)用碱调节pH为值8~10,同时在磁力搅拌状态下,以滴定的方式加入1~3%过氧化氢,40~60℃下恒温水浴氧化4~6h;
3)加入3~6%的环氧丙烷,抽真空,密闭,50~70℃下烘箱醚化10~15h;
4)最后,加5~10%的酸醇溶液,搅拌1~2h后,置于频率为30~40KHz超声机上超声30~40min,过滤,洗涤,干燥,即可得到淀粉减水剂。
所述的分散剂为木质素磺酸钠;所述的表面活性剂为有机硅表面活性剂。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
1、在无机缓凝剂(氟硅酸钠、磷酸二氢钠、碳酸氢铵、过硫酸铵)和有机缓凝剂(氨基乙酸、甲基纤维素钠、虫胶、草酸铵)的基础上,还添加了埃洛石、Al2O3-ZrO2多孔陶瓷粉、减水剂、分散剂和表面活性剂,既能改善复合混凝土缓凝剂的缓凝效果,又能提高强度。
2、Al2O3-ZrO2多孔陶瓷粉的吸附能力,不仅能吸附大量水分子形成较厚的水膜层,使晶体从相互接触到屏蔽,改变了结构形成过程,起到缓凝效果,同时,还能将蛋清吸附并储存在其孔道或空隙内,并在外界环境发生变化时将蛋清脱附而释放出来,从而起到可控性缓凝作用。此外,还添加了埃洛石,其对钙离子具有极好的吸附性能,致使液相中Ca2+质量浓度下降,从而抑制了水泥水化进程,使缓凝效果更佳。
3、通过氧化、醚化和酸化淀粉得到淀粉减水剂。淀粉减水剂不仅具有减水功能,还具有缓凝作用。这是由于淀粉减水剂具有羧基、羟基、醚基和多支链,能形成较大的空间位阻,增强混凝土的缓凝作用,延长混凝土充分凝结的时间,有利于水化产物的均匀分布,从而增强混凝土的抗压强度;同时,淀粉支链部分还继续发挥着减水作用,有利于水泥保塑性。此外,淀粉减水剂是一种无毒、无污染的天然高分子混凝土减水剂,相比其他常用的减水剂,更加经济实惠,安全可靠。
具体实施方式
本发明提供一种复合混凝土缓凝剂,为达到本发明的目的、技术方案及效果更加清楚、明确,以下对本发明进一步详细说明。
一种复合混凝土缓凝剂,由以下重量份配比的各组分制成:氟硅酸钠2~6份、磷酸二氢钠3~9份、碳酸氢铵4~8份、过硫酸铵4~6份、氨基乙酸7~9份、甲基纤维素钠2~6份、虫胶2~4份、草酸铵1~3份、埃洛石10~15份、Al2O3-ZrO2多孔陶瓷粉15~20份、减水剂2~5份、分散剂1~3份、表面活性剂0.3~0.6份;
所述的Al2O3-ZrO2多孔陶瓷粉是按照以下步骤进行处理:
1)在Al2O3-ZrO2多孔陶瓷粉中加入5%聚乙烯醇(PVA)造粒,且过60目,得到Al2O3-ZrO2多孔陶瓷颗粒;
2)将重量比为Al2O3-ZrO2多孔陶瓷颗粒:无水乙醇:氧化锆球=1:1:3的物料置于转速为200~300转/min的球磨机上球磨,球磨4~6h;
3)过筛、烘干,加入10~15%的蛋清,并高低速混合;
4)加入3~5%的糖蜜,置于频率为20~30KHz超声机上超声10~15min,即可得到改性Al2O3-ZrO2多孔陶瓷粉。
所述的减水剂为淀粉减水剂,是由10~15份小麦淀粉、10~15份豌豆淀粉和15~20份魔芋淀粉制成的,并按照以下步骤进行处理:
1)将小麦淀粉、豌豆淀粉、魔芋淀粉混合,并配制成浓度为30~35%的水溶液淀粉乳;
2)用碱调节pH为值8~10,同时在磁力搅拌状态下,以滴定的方式加入1~3%过氧化氢,40~60℃下恒温水浴氧化4~6h;
3)加入3~6%的环氧丙烷,抽真空,密闭,50~70℃下烘箱醚化10~15h;
4)最后,加5~10%的酸醇溶液,搅拌1~2h后,置于频率为30~40KHz超声机上超声30~40min,过滤,洗涤,干燥,即可得到淀粉减水剂。
所述的分散剂为木质素磺酸钠;所述的表面活性剂为有机硅表面活性剂。
实施例1
一种复合混凝土缓凝剂,由以下重量份配比的各组分制成:氟硅酸钠4份、磷酸二氢钠6份、碳酸氢铵6份、过硫酸铵5份、氨基乙酸8份、甲基纤维素钠4份、虫胶3份、草酸铵2份、埃洛石12份、Al2O3-ZrO2多孔陶瓷粉18份、减水剂4份、分散剂2份、表面活性剂0.5份。
实施例2
一种复合混凝土缓凝剂,由以下重量份配比的各组分制成:氟硅酸钠2份、磷酸二氢钠3份、碳酸氢铵4份、过硫酸铵4份、氨基乙酸7份、甲基纤维素钠2份、虫胶2份、草酸铵1份、埃洛石10份、Al2O3-ZrO2多孔陶瓷粉15份、减水剂2份、分散剂1份、表面活性剂0.3份。
实施例3
一种复合混凝土缓凝剂,由以下重量份配比的各组分制成:氟硅酸钠6份、磷酸二氢钠9份、碳酸氢铵8份、过硫酸铵6份、氨基乙酸9份、甲基纤维素钠6份、虫胶4份、草酸铵3份、埃洛石15份、Al2O3-ZrO2多孔陶瓷粉20份、减水剂5份、分散剂3份、表面活性剂0.6份。
对比例1(对比例1与实施例1的差别仅在于,对比例1中的Al2O3-ZrO2多孔陶瓷粉没有经过处理,而是直接用,其余的同实施例1)。
对比例2(对比例2与实施例1的差别仅在于,对比例2中的减水剂为小麦淀粉制备的减水剂,其余的同实施例1)。
对比例3(对比例3与实施例1的差别仅在于,对比例3中的减水剂为豌豆淀粉制备的减水剂,其余的同实施例1)。
对比例4(对比例4与实施例1的差别仅在于,对比例4中的减水剂为魔芋淀粉制备的减水剂,其余的同实施例1)。
将上述实施例1-3和对比例1-4制得的复合混凝土缓凝剂采用现有技术进行缓凝效果和抗压强度测试,测试结果如下表1所示:
表1缓凝效果和抗压强度测试结果
当然,上面只是本发明优选的具体实施方式作了详细描述,并非以此限制本发明的实施范围,凡依本发明的原理、构造以及结构所作的等效变化,均应涵盖于本发明的保护范围内。
Claims (4)
1. 一种复合混凝土缓凝剂,其特征在于:由以下重量份配比的各组分制成:氟硅酸钠2~6份、磷酸二氢钠3~9份、碳酸氢铵4~8份、过硫酸铵4~6份、氨基乙酸7~9份、甲基纤维素钠2~6份、虫胶2~4份、草酸铵1~3份、埃洛石10~15份、Al2O3-ZrO2多孔陶瓷粉15~20份、减水剂2~5份、分散剂1~3份、表面活性剂0.3~0.6份;
其中,所述Al2O3-ZrO2多孔陶瓷粉是按照以下步骤进行处理:
1)在Al2O3-ZrO2多孔陶瓷粉中加入5%聚乙烯醇(PVA)造粒,且过60目,得到Al2O3-ZrO2多孔陶瓷颗粒;
2)将重量比为Al2O3-ZrO2多孔陶瓷颗粒:无水乙醇:氧化锆球=1:1:3的物料置于转速为200~300转/min的球磨机上球磨,球磨4~6h;
3)过筛、烘干,加入10~15%的蛋清,并高低速混合;
4)加入3~5%的糖蜜,置于频率为20~30KHz超声机上超声10~15min,即可得到改性Al2O3-ZrO2多孔陶瓷粉。
2. 根据权利要求1所述的复合混凝土缓凝剂,其特征在于:由以下重量份配比的各组分制成:氟硅酸钠4份、磷酸二氢钠6份、碳酸氢铵6份、过硫酸铵5份、氨基乙酸8份、甲基纤维素钠4份、虫胶3份、草酸铵2份、埃洛石12份、Al2O3-ZrO2多孔陶瓷粉18份、减水剂4份、分散剂2 份、表面活性剂0.5份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的复合混凝土缓凝剂,其特征在于:所述的减水剂为淀粉减水剂,是由10~15份小麦淀粉、10~15份豌豆淀粉和15~20份魔芋淀粉制成的,并按照以下步骤进行处理:
1)将小麦淀粉、豌豆淀粉、魔芋淀粉混合,并配制成浓度为30~35%的水溶液淀粉乳;
2)用碱调节pH为值8~10,同时在磁力搅拌状态下,以滴定的方式加入1~3%过氧化氢,40~60℃下恒温水浴氧化4~6h;
3)加入3~6%的环氧丙烷,抽真空,密闭,50~70℃下烘箱醚化10~15h;
4)最后,加5~10%的酸醇溶液,搅拌1~2h后,置于频率为30~40KHz超声机上超声30~40min,过滤,洗涤,干燥,即可得到淀粉减水剂。
4.根据权利要求1所述的复合混凝土缓凝剂,其特征在于:所述的分散剂为木质素磺酸钠;所述的表面活性剂为有机硅表面活性剂。
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CN102276184A (zh) * | 2011-06-03 | 2011-12-14 | 马鞍山中海新材料有限公司 | 一种用于地铁钻孔咬合桩的缓凝减水剂 |
CN103739230A (zh) * | 2013-12-19 | 2014-04-23 | 柳州正菱集团有限公司 | 一种缓凝减水剂的制备方法 |
CN104556811A (zh) * | 2014-12-30 | 2015-04-29 | 浙江建科新材料开发有限公司 | 湿拌砂浆改性剂 |
CN105130240A (zh) * | 2015-10-05 | 2015-12-09 | 刘平 | 一种复合缓凝剂及其制备方法 |
CN105503027A (zh) * | 2016-01-05 | 2016-04-20 | 萧县良宇混凝土有限责任公司 | 一种高透水缓凝型混凝土添加剂及其制备方法 |
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Denomination of invention: Composite concrete retarder Effective date of registration: 20231123 Granted publication date: 20181106 Pledgee: Bank of China Limited by Share Ltd. Guilin branch Pledgor: GUILIN HUAYUE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd. Registration number: Y2023450000148 |