CN106242526B - 耐高温坭兴陶的制作工艺 - Google Patents
耐高温坭兴陶的制作工艺 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种耐高温坭兴陶的制作工艺，包括制备坯料、坯体成型、修整坯体、坯体干燥、坯体烧制，其特征在于：所述坯料包括以下重量份的原料制成：东泥5～6份、西泥4～5份、TiO2 1.5～2份、MgO 1.5～2份。本发明制作的耐高温坭兴陶器皿具有优良的耐热急变性和较好的机械强度，能直接在各种热源上使用，经久而不开裂，可满足QB/T2580‑2002《精细陶瓷烹调器》的标准要求。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及坭兴陶的制作工艺，具体涉及耐高温坭兴陶的制作工艺
背景技术
钦州坭兴陶与宜兴紫砂陶、四川荣昌陶和云南建水陶，并称中国四大名陶。坭兴陶的制作工艺包括制备坯料、坯体成型、修整坯体、坯体干燥、坯体装饰、坯体烧制和抛光打磨工序。坭兴陶所用的原料包括东泥和西泥，东泥是选用横穿钦州市区的钦江以东的泥土，为软质粘土，颜色为黄白色，含微量石英砂，可塑性好，便于成型，但耐火度颇低，单独烧制容易变形；西泥是钦江以西地域的泥土，是一种含铁量较高的紫泥石，颜色为紫红色，表面层有少量铁质浸染，为硬质粘土，耐火性能好，不容易变形，但可塑性差，难以单独成型，将东泥和西泥以一定重量配比混合，经研磨、脱水等一系列工艺制成可成型的坯料。坭兴陶的坯料中SiO2含量高达67.7％、Al2O3含量为18.14％，一部分SiO2与Al2O3反应生成莫来石，莫来石的热膨胀系数较高；一部分成为游离石英，游离石英在高温下会发生晶型转变，从石英变成方石英，方石英的膨胀系数比石英的大得多，且石英向方石英转化会产生较大的体积膨胀，从而导致坭兴陶器皿的热膨胀系数较大，一般在5×10-6/℃以上，只能作为日用陶瓷器皿使用，如常规的杯、碟、茶壶、花瓶，而不能作为烹饪器皿在明火条件下使用。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种耐高温坭兴陶的制作工艺，该工艺制成的坭兴陶器皿膨胀系数低，可作为烹饪器皿在明火条件下使用不破裂。
本发明提供的技术方案是一种耐高温坭兴陶的制作工艺，包括制备坯料、坯体成型、修整坯体、坯体干燥、坯体烧制，其特征在于：所述坯料包括以下重量份的原料制成：东泥5～6份、西泥4～5份、TiO2 1.5～2份、MgO 1.5～2份。
由于东泥和西泥的组分以SiO2、Al2O3为主，MgO的加入可以将高热膨胀系数的莫来石(Al2O3·SiO2)进一步转化为低热膨胀系数的堇青石(2MgO·Al2O3·5SiO2)，从而大大降低了成品坭兴陶器皿的热膨胀系数。
TiO2的加入可与MgO结合生成钛酸镁(MgO·TiO2)，钛酸镁与堇青石能部分生成固溶体，且存在钛酸镁的晶界，由于晶界固溶体的存在改变了晶界的结构和性质，在钛酸镁分解的温度范围内，因晶界和晶粒组成及结构的差异，晶粒受到包裹晶界压力的作用，使钛酸镁晶格受到压缩，原来Si4+、Mg2+占据的镁氧八面体的空间减少，由于堇青石的热膨胀系数与钛酸镁有差异，且在复合材料中，堇青石晶粒分布在钛酸镁周围，对其产生应力作用，抑制了钛酸镁晶粒，因此，钛酸镁中Mg、Ti离子所受束缚加强，运动受到限制，不易受热畸变，进一步降低了成品坭兴陶器皿的热膨胀系数。
所述坯料组分中还包括1～2重量份的透锂长石。传统陶瓷常因石英和方石英的相变而产生体积变化，产生内应力而使抗热震性差。加入透锂长石可是石英不断溶解于固溶体中，抑制参与石英向方石英转化。众所周知，方石英的热膨胀系数比石英大得多，且石英向方石英转化会产生较大的体积膨胀。Li2O可降低β-石英向α-石英晶型转变温度，使具有超低热膨胀系数的β-石英具有更宽广的温度区域，有利于降低坯体的热膨胀系数。透锂长石具有很强的析晶能力，当其从熔体中析出时，因熔体晶格中吸纳了相当数量的SiO2，使得熔体中游离的SiO2含量减少，因而方石英不会因为熔体中SiO2过量而产生，可以减少石英晶型转变带来的体积膨胀，从而降低坯体热膨胀系数。
所述坯料组分中还包括0.5～1.5重量份的麦饭石。考虑到广西地区水质硬度较大，用坭兴陶茶壶器皿烧水时，麦饭石的加入可以起到软化水质的作用。
所述坯体烧制是将干燥后的坯体放入窑炉中，以每小时升温20～30℃的升温速度升至250～350℃，然后以每小时升温50～100℃的升温速度升至1050～1150℃时停火，冷却后出窑。
传统坭兴陶的烧成温度为1200℃左右，由于MgO为对高温液相有贡献的低共溶氧化物，可以降低体系的低共溶温度，增加液相量，促进物质在反应中的扩散及烧结的进行，从而降低了坯体的烧结温度。
与现有技术相比，本发明制作的耐高温坭兴陶器皿具有优良的耐热急变性和较好的机械强度，能直接在各种热源上使用，经久而不开裂，可满足QB/T2580-2002《精细陶瓷烹调器》的标准要求。
具体实施方式
以下具体实施例对本发明作进一步阐述，但不作为对本发明的限定。
实施例1
1)制备坯料：将东泥500kg、西泥400kg、TiO2 150kg和MgO 150kg，混合均匀，经研磨、压滤、真空练泥、陈腐工序后，得到坯料；
2)坯体成型：将坯体制成外口径＜170mm，容量＜1000ml的小型器皿坯体100个；
3)坯体干燥：将坯体进行干燥；
4)坯体烧制：将干燥后的坯体放入窑炉中，以每小时升温20℃的升温速度升至250℃，然后以每小时升温50℃的升温速度升至1050℃时停火，冷却后出窑。
将坭兴陶成品一一装水后直接放入到煤气炉上加热未见开裂，并逐一进行400℃至20℃热交换一次不裂。
实施例2
1)制备坯料：将东泥600kg、西泥500kg、TiO2 200kg和MgO 200kg，混合均匀，经研磨、压滤、真空练泥、陈腐工序后，得到坯料；
2)坯体成型：将坯体制成外口径170～230mm，容量1000～2500ml的中型器皿坯体100个；
3)坯体干燥：将坯体进行干燥；
4)坯体烧制：将干燥后的坯体放入窑炉中，以每小时升温30℃的升温速度升至350℃，然后以每小时升温100℃的升温速度升至1150℃时停火，冷却后出窑。
将坭兴陶成品器皿一一装水后直接放入到煤气炉上加热未见开裂，并逐一进行400℃至20℃热交换一次不裂。
实施例3
1)制备坯料：将东泥600kg、西泥400kg、TiO2 150kg和MgO 200kg，混合均匀，经研磨、压滤、真空练泥、陈腐工序后，得到坯料；
2)坯体成型：将坯体制成外口径＞230mm，容量＞2500ml的大型器皿坯体100个；
3)坯体干燥：将坯体进行干燥；
4)坯体烧制：将干燥后的坯体放入窑炉中，以每小时升温25℃的升温速度升至300℃，然后以每小时升温80℃的升温速度升至1100℃时停火，冷却后出窑。
将坭兴陶成品器皿一一装水后直接放入到煤气炉上加热未见开裂，并逐一进行350℃至20℃热交换一次不裂。
实施例4
1)制备坯料：将东泥600kg、西泥400kg、TiO2 200kg、MgO 200kg和透锂长石100kg混合均匀，经研磨、压滤、真空练泥、陈腐工序后，得到坯料；
2)坯体成型：将坯体制成外口径＞230mm，容量＞2500ml的大型器皿坯体100个；
3)坯体干燥：将坯体进行干燥；
4)坯体烧制：将干燥后的坯体放入窑炉中，以每小时升温20℃的升温速度升至250℃，然后以每小时升温50℃的升温速度升至1050℃时停火，冷却后出窑。
将坭兴陶成品器皿一一装水后直接放入到煤气炉上加热未见开裂，并逐一进行400℃至20℃热交换一次不裂。
实施例5
1)制备坯料：将将东泥600kg、西泥400kg、TiO2 200kg、MgO 200kg、透锂长石200kg和麦饭石50kg混合均匀，经研磨、压滤、真空练泥、陈腐工序后，得到坯料；
2)坯体成型：将坯体制成外口径＞230mm，容量＞2500ml的大型器皿坯体100个；
3)坯体干燥：将坯体进行干燥；
4)坯体烧制：将干燥后的坯体放入窑炉中，以每小时升温30℃的升温速度升至350℃，然后以每小时升温100℃的升温速度升至1150℃时停火，冷却后出窑。
将坭兴陶成品器皿一一装水后直接放入到煤气炉上加热未见开裂，并逐一进行400℃至20℃热交换一次不裂。
实施例6
1)制备坯料：将将东泥600kg、西泥400kg、TiO2 200kg、MgO 200kg、透锂长石200kg和麦饭石150kg混合均匀，经研磨、压滤、真空练泥、陈腐工序后，得到坯料；
2)坯体成型：将坯体制成外口径＞230mm，容量＞2500ml的大型器皿坯体100个；
3)坯体干燥：将坯体进行干燥；
4)坯体烧制：将干燥后的坯体放入窑炉中，以每小时升温25℃的升温速度升至300℃，然后以每小时升温75℃的升温速度升至1100℃时停火，冷却后出窑。
将坭兴陶成品器皿一一装水后直接放入到煤气炉上加热未见开裂，并逐一进行400℃至20℃热交换一次不裂。
Claims (3)
1.耐高温坭兴陶的制作工艺，包括制备坯料、坯体成型、修整坯体、坯体干燥、坯体烧制，其特征在于：所述坯料由以下重量份的原料制成：东泥5～6份、西泥4～5份、TiO2 1.5～2份、MgO 1.5～2份；所述坯体烧制是将干燥后的坯体放入窑炉中，以每小时升温20～30℃的升温速度升至250～350℃，然后以每小时升温50～100℃的升温速度升至1050～1150℃时停火，冷却后出窑。
2.根据权利要求1所述的耐高温坭兴陶的制作工艺，其特征在于：所述坯料组分中还包括1～2重量份的透锂长石。
3.根据权利要求1所述的耐高温坭兴陶的制作工艺，其特征在于：所述坯料组分中还包括0.5～1.5重量份的麦饭石。
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| CN107056266A (zh) * | 2017-02-10 | 2017-08-18 | 钦州学院 | 坭兴陶烹饪器皿的制作工艺 |
| CN106830887A (zh) * | 2017-02-10 | 2017-06-13 | 钦州学院 | 可置于明火下加热的坭兴陶的制作工艺 |
| CN110526672A (zh) * | 2018-05-25 | 2019-12-03 | 钦州学院 | 一种掺杂麦饭石的钦州坭兴陶茶杯制作方法 |
| CN108530026A (zh) * | 2018-06-30 | 2018-09-14 | 鹿寨知航科技信息服务有限公司 | 一种养生隔热坭兴陶制品及其制备工艺 |
| CN108689692A (zh) * | 2018-06-30 | 2018-10-23 | 鹿寨知航科技信息服务有限公司 | 一种隔热保温坭兴陶茶壶及其制作方法 |
| CN108751946A (zh) * | 2018-06-30 | 2018-11-06 | 鹿寨知航科技信息服务有限公司 | 一种抗菌保温坭兴陶茶杯及其加工方法 |
| CN113336524A (zh) * | 2021-06-15 | 2021-09-03 | 广西道地药食同源文化科技有限公司 | 一种耐高温的坭兴陶煮茶壶及其制作方法 |
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