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CN106248121B - 环境变温下波动抑制的光纤光栅传感解调装置与解调方法 - Google Patents

环境变温下波动抑制的光纤光栅传感解调装置与解调方法 Download PDF

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CN106248121B
CN106248121B CN201610668091.5A CN201610668091A CN106248121B CN 106248121 B CN106248121 B CN 106248121B CN 201610668091 A CN201610668091 A CN 201610668091A CN 106248121 B CN106248121 B CN 106248121B
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mrow
light
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CN106248121A (zh
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江俊峰
刘铁根
闫金玲
刘琨
王双
张学智
臧传军
谢仁伟
楚奇梁
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Tianjin University
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    • G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
    • G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
    • G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
    • G01D5/353—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
    • G01D5/35306—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using an interferometer arrangement
    • G01D5/35309—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using an interferometer arrangement using multiple waves interferometer
    • G01D5/35316—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using an interferometer arrangement using multiple waves interferometer using a Bragg gratings
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    • G01D5/353—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
    • G01D5/35306—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using an interferometer arrangement
    • G01D5/35309—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using an interferometer arrangement using multiple waves interferometer
    • G01D5/35312—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using an interferometer arrangement using multiple waves interferometer using a Fabry Perot
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    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
    • G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
    • G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
    • G01D5/353—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
    • G01D5/35306—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using an interferometer arrangement
    • G01D5/35325—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using an interferometer arrangement using interferometer with two arms in reflection, e.g. Mickelson interferometer
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    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
    • G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
    • G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
    • G01D5/353—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
    • G01D5/35306—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using an interferometer arrangement
    • G01D5/35335—Aspects of emitters or receivers used by an interferometer in an optical fibre sensor arrangement

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种环境变温下波动抑制的光纤光栅传感解调装置与解调方法，具有宽带光源(1)、光衰减器(2)、可调谐F‑P滤波器(3)、第一光纤隔离器(41)、掺铒光纤放大器(5)、光纤一级分束器(6)、第一光纤二级分束器(71)、光纤环形器(8)、光纤光栅传感阵列(9)、第一光电探测器阵列(161)、光纤气室(10)、第二光纤二级分束器(72)、光纤F‑P标准具(11)、陷波滤波器(12)、由第二光纤隔离器(42)、光纤耦合器(14)、法拉第旋光镜(15)和第二光电探测器阵列(162)构成的光纤辅助干涉仪(13)、数据采集卡(17)和处理器(18)。本发明在航空航天等环境变温的场合，抑制变温起的可调谐F‑P滤波器(3)波长扫描非线性曲线的大幅度波动，实现高稳定光纤光栅波长解调。

Description

环境变温下波动抑制的光纤光栅传感解调装置与解调方法
技术领域
本发明属于光纤传感技术领域，特别是涉及在变温环境下，一种基于光纤辅助干涉仪的高稳定光纤光栅传感解调装置与解调方法。
背景技术
光纤光栅传感系统是以光为载体，光纤为传输媒介，具有体积小、重量轻、耐腐蚀、抗电磁干扰、波长选择性好、易复用等优点，可感知外界应力应变、振动、温度和压力等物理参量的变化，通过布拉格光波长的漂移反映出来。相比传统电学传感系统，该技术具有测量范围宽、高精度和高分辨率的特点，在强电磁干扰、易燃易爆或热真空等严酷环境下更具优势。
可调谐F-P滤波法是常用的光纤光栅传感解调方法，易实现在宽光谱范围内的高速、高精度解调，但因可调谐F-P滤波器是通过PZT的逆压电效应实现宽范围内的波长扫描，而PZT迟滞、蠕变和非线性等特性使透射波长与驱动电压不能保持很好的线性和重复性，会影响解调精度。F-P标准具可在与光源波段匹配的范围内引入间隔均匀的多个光频率参考点，在稳态环境温度下能较好地标定可调谐滤波器的波长扫描非线性关系曲线，但在不同稳态温度下F-P标准具存在波长漂移。使用温度稳定的气体参考波长对F-P标准具的参考波长作校正，实现了不同稳态或准稳态环境温度下的绝对波长解调。但是，当环境温度较快变化时，PZT还会使滤波器波长扫描非线性曲线的随机波动增大，尤其在中高速扫描的场合，采用F-P标准具和光纤气室也难以避免波长解调结果出现大幅度波动，导致测量精度大幅降低。为克服这一问题，我们提出波长扫描非线性曲线的波动抑制装置和解调方法，通过引入光纤辅助干涉仪，在F-P标准具相邻干涉谱线之间进行光频细分，得到多个局部附加光频率参考，有效抑制可调谐滤波器波长扫描非线性曲线波动增大引起的解调结果波动。
发明内容
为了克服环境变温引起的可调谐F-P滤波器波长扫描非线性曲线波动增大对光纤光栅传感器波长解调稳定性的影响，本发明提供一种波动抑制的高稳定光纤光栅传感解调装置与解调方法，该装置通过辅助干涉仪实现了对F-P标准具光波长间隔的细分，并编制了局部光频细分解调算法，抑制了变温过程中光纤光栅相对波长解调值的大幅波动，提高了波长解调稳定性。
本发明提出了一种环境变温下波动抑制的光纤光栅传感解调方法，包括以下流程：
步骤(1)、宽带光源输入信号经过光衰减、光功率调谐滤波后，输出窄带扫频激光，扫频激光经隔离回光处理后，进行光功率放大处理，再经过光分束处理分成两部分光，其中一部分光到达传感链路和光纤气室，另一部分光到达局部附加光频率参考链路；
步骤(2)、将到达传感链路和光纤气室的光分成N束，其中一束由透射光信号转化为电压模拟信号；其余N-1束中的每束光均被发送至传感器链路，传感器感知外界待测量并将其编码到光纤光栅反射光的中心波长上；将传感链路的反射光信号转化为电压模拟信号；
步骤(3)、将到达局部附加光频率参考链路的光分成两部分光，一部分光形成梳状透射光，对该透射光信号陷掉指定光频率，并对该指定光频率作标记；另一部分光经分束和反射后再次相遇并发生干涉得到辅助干涉信号；将两部分光信号分别转化为电压模拟信号，电压模拟信号再经数据采集卡送至处理单元进行解调；
步骤(4)、对采集到的梳状透射光谱线进行寻峰，以指定的光频率标记为基准向两侧依次将寻得的各峰值点Xi与已知的光频率值Fi一一对应，获得光源谱宽范围内的一级光频率参考点(Xi,Fi)，构成一级光频率参考点序列，i＝1,2,3…n-1；基于一级光频率参考点序列，将整个宽带的光源谱划分为n个区域(Ei＝1,2,3…n-1)，每个区域的起点和终点为两个相邻的一级光频率参考点(Xi,Fi)和(Xi+1,Fi+1)；
步骤(5)、对采集到的干涉信号谱线去基线，然后截取分区Ei横坐标范围Xi～Xi+1内的辅助干涉信号，通过极值法、质心法或拟合法求取辅助干涉信号的峰值、谷值位置，构成次级光频率参考的采样点(χ1，…χm+1)序列，并通过对峰谷点个数计数得到完整半周期的个数m，靠近分区起点和终点的非完整半周期通过计算其在所处半周期中所占百分比确定，最终得到分区内干涉信号的半周期数：
其中，Δns为分区内第一个峰值或谷值点与分区起点Xi的采样点间距，Ns/2为Xi所处的干涉半周期采样点个数；Δne为分区内最后一个峰值或谷值点与分区终点Xi+1的采样点间距，Ne/2为Xi+1所处的干涉半周期采样点个数。从而得到次级光频率参考点的光频率值fk(k＝1,2,3…m+1)：
利用一级光频率参考点(Xi,Fi)和次级光频率参考点(χk,fk)共同构成的序列，通过插值建立分区Ei内的采样点-光频率关系曲线；f1、fm+1分别代表k＝1和k＝m+1时的次级光频率参考点的光频率值；
步骤(6)、通过对传感链路的反射光信号谱线寻峰，将峰值位置定位到相邻透射光信号谱线划分的特定分区内，基于采样点-光频率的关系曲线，通过插值得到光纤光栅传感器透射峰的中心光频率ffbg，通过光频率f和波长λ的关系λ＝c/f(c为真空中的光速)得到光纤光栅传感器的峰值中心波长λfbg＝c/ffbg；
步骤(7)、提取光纤气室透射谱线最强吸收峰，去基线后寻峰得到峰值位置，将峰值定位到由相邻透射谱线划分的特定分区内，基于采样点-光频率关系曲线，通过插值得到最强吸收峰的中心光频率fg，通过光频率和波长的关系得到峰值中心波长λg，λg＝c/fg，再根据气室透射谱线最强吸收峰中心波长的标准值进行温漂校正，得到最终波长解调值。
附图说明
图1为环境变温下波动抑制的光纤光栅传感解调装置示意图；
图2为光纤辅助干涉仪在光纤F-P标准具之间引入附加光频率参考并提取光频率的示意图；
图3为光纤辅助干涉仪干涉谱去基线前后的谱线图；
图4为结合附加光频率参考标定可调谐F-P滤波器的局部非线性曲线；
图5为本发明与以往未引入局部附加光频率参考解调方法的波长解调结果对比，装置处于-20℃～20℃的快速变温过程示意图。
附图标记：1、宽带光源，2、光衰减器，3、可调谐F-P滤波器，41、第一光纤隔离器，5、掺铒光纤放大器，6、光纤一级分束器，71、第一光纤二级分束器，72、第二光纤二级分束器、8、光纤环形器，9、光纤光栅传感阵列，10、光纤气室，11、光纤F-P标准具，12、陷波滤波器，13、光纤辅助干涉仪，42、第二光纤隔离器，14、光纤耦合器，15、法拉第旋光镜，16、光电探测器阵列，17、数据采集卡，18、处理器，19、标准具透射峰，20、光纤光栅透射信号。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图说明及实施例，具体描述本发明的技术方案
实施例1：环境变温下波动抑制的光纤光栅传感解调装置。
如图1所示，宽带光源1发出的经光衰减器2满足可调谐F-P滤波器3的入口光功率要求，然后进入由三角波或锯齿波电压驱动的可调谐F-P滤波器3输出扫频激光，扫频激光再经第一光纤隔离器41进入掺铒光纤放大器5进行光功率放大，再经光纤一级分束器6按照20％:80％分成两束光，其中80％的光进入第一光纤二级分束器71被分成8束，其中7束均各自通过每路设置的一个光纤环形器8进入相应的光纤光栅传感器阵列9，外界待测参量的变化被传感器感知，并引起光纤光栅反射光中心波长的漂移，反射光再经光纤环形器8送至光电探测器阵列16；剩余一束进入光纤气室10，透射光由光电探测器阵列16接收；另外20％的光经再经过第二光纤一级分束器72分成两束光，一束进入光纤F-P标准具11形成等光频率间隔的梳状透射光，采用一个陷波滤波器12陷掉指定中心光频率的透射峰，并将该光频率作为标记，由光电探测器阵列16接收；另一束光进入光纤辅助干涉仪13，经第二一光纤隔离器42，两个干涉臂的反射光经法拉第旋光镜15反射，在光纤耦合器14处形成干涉条纹，在光纤F-P标准具11相邻透射峰之间插入多个局部附加光频率参考，用干涉条纹来标定可调谐F-P滤波器3的波长扫描非线性曲线，干涉光由光电探测器阵列16接收，光电探测器阵列16将所有的光信号转变成电信号经数据采集卡17送至处理器18进行解调。
宽带光源1，用于为系统提供宽谱光，包括C波段ASE光源、C+L波段ASE光源和SLD光源，功率在0.1mW～40mW；
光衰减器2，用于调节光源输出光功率，以达到可调谐F-P滤波器对入口光功率的限制要求；
可调谐F-P滤波器3，用于通过控制其驱动电压从宽带光源中滤出波长变化的窄带光谱信号，从而实现波长扫描，可调谐F-P滤波器的谱宽在10pm～400pm，自由光谱范围为90nm～200nm；
第一、第二光纤隔离器41、42，用于隔离回光，保证光的单向传输；
掺铒光纤放大器5，用于对扫描光进行放大，输出光功率范围为10dBm～18dBm；
光纤一级分束器6，用于将输入光按照一定的比例分光，包括平面波导型光纤分束器、熔融拉锥式光纤分束器；
光纤二级分束器7，用于将输出的可调谐激光分成N束光功率和谱型相同的扫描激光，N取值选自2，4，8，16，32，64，128中的一个；
光纤环形器8，用于将光纤二级分束器出来的光发送至传感器链路并收集反射信号光，当光源功率大于1mW时，可采用光纤耦合器替代以降低系统成本；
光纤光栅传感阵列9，用于感知外界待测量物理量变化，使光纤光栅反射谱中波长发生漂移；
光纤气室10，用于提供绝对光频参考标准，包括乙炔气室、甲烷气室、氰化氢气室、二氧化碳气室；
光纤F-P标准具11，用于提供等光频间隔的梳状波长参考；
陷波滤波器12，用于去掉光纤F-P标准具中的一条谱线；
光纤辅助干涉仪13，用于在光纤F-P标准具11相邻透射极大之间提供附加光频参考，对环境变温过程中可调谐F-P滤波器的波长扫描非线性曲线进行标定，结构包括光纤迈克尔逊干涉仪式和光纤马赫泽德干涉仪式；光纤迈克尔逊干涉仪式由光纤耦合器14和光纤法拉第旋光镜15组成，光纤耦合器14将输入光均分两路，得到振动方向相同，频率相同的两束光，分别送至由光纤法拉第旋光镜15，光纤法拉第旋光镜15将干涉两臂的光反射，构成有一定光程差的干涉两臂；光纤马赫泽德干涉仪式则由两个光纤耦合器串接组成；由于扫描光源谱宽造成两臂光程差存在允许极大值，在确定两臂几何长度差时，需综合考虑光程差对干涉条纹个数和条纹可见度的相互制约关系；
光电探测器阵列16，用于将传感通道和参考通道的光信号转化为电压模拟信号；
数据采集卡17，采集由光电探测器阵列得到的电压模拟信号；
处理单元18，采用计算机或嵌入式计算系统，用于对被测传感光纤光栅的波长进行解调。
实施例2：基于光纤辅助干涉仪和光纤F-P标准具的局部附加光频率参考提取和解调算法
第1、宽带光源发出的光经过光衰减器使输出光功率满足调谐F-P滤波器对入口光功率的要求，可调谐F-P滤波器在三角波或锯齿波电压驱动下输出窄带扫频激光，再经光纤隔离器进入掺铒光纤放大器进行光功率放大，再经过光纤一级分束器分成两部分光，其中一部分光到达传感链路和光纤气室，另一部分光到局部附加光频率参考链路；
第2、到达传感链路和光纤气室的光进入光纤二级分束器分成N束，其中一束进入光纤气室，透射光信号送至光电探测器；其余每束光均通过一个光纤环形器将扫频激光送至光纤光栅传感器阵列，传感器感知外界待测量的变化，使光纤光栅反谱的中心波长发生漂移，反射光信号再通过光纤环形器送至光电探测器；
第3、到达局部附加光频率参考链路的光进入光纤二级分束器分成两部分光，一部分光进入光纤F-P标准具形成等光频率间隔的梳状透射光，采用一个陷波滤波器陷掉指定光频率的光信号，并将该光频率作标记；另一部分光进入光纤辅助干涉仪，其两臂反射光在光纤耦合器处形成干涉光；两路波长参考光信号分别送至光电探测器；光电探测器阵列将所有的光信号转变成电信号经数据采集卡送至处理单元进行解调；
第4、光纤F-P标准具提供等光频率间隔的波长参考谱线，对采集到的标准具信号进行寻峰，通过光频率标记与已知光频率值一一对应，获得光源谱宽范围内的一级光频率参考点；基于一级光频率参考点序列，将整个光源谱范围划分为多个区域(Ei＝1,2,3…n-1)，每个区域的起点和终点分别由光纤F-P标准具透射谱的两个相邻峰值点(Xi,Fi)和(Xi+1,Fi+1)确定；
第5、对采集到的光纤辅助干涉仪信号谱线去基线，然后在由光纤F-P标准具确定的分区Ei内处理辅助干涉信号，使用质心法、三角函数拟合法，和求导法确定其峰谷值位置，作为次级光频率参考的采样点(χ1，…χm+1)序列，并通过对峰谷点个数计数到得完整半周期的个数m，靠近分区起点和终点的非完整半周期通过计算其在所处半周期中所占百分比确定，最终得到分区内干涉信号的半周期数其中Δns为分区内第一个峰(谷)值点与分区起点Xi的采样点间距，Ns/2为Xi所处的干涉半周期采样点个数。Δne为分区内最后一个峰(谷)值点与分区终点Xi+1的采样点间距，Ne/2为Xi+1所处的干涉半周期采样点个数。从而得到次级光频率参考的光频率值fk(k＝1,2,3…m+1)：
此时由光纤F-P标准具提供的一级光频率参考和由光纤辅助干涉仪提供的次级光频率参考，通过插值建立分区Ei内的采样点-光频率的关系曲线，从而反映出波长扫描行程中可调谐滤波器扫描非线性曲线更为真实的细节，抑制解调结果的波动。当需进一步进行光频率细化的时候，根据辅助干涉仪信号的双光束干涉特征，得到信号每一点之间的相位关系，求得更多次级光频率参考；
第6、通过对光纤光栅传感器反射谱线寻峰，将其峰值位置定位到由光纤F-P标准具相邻透射谱线划分的特定的分区内，在该分区内，基于F-P标准具和辅助干涉仪的采样点-光频率关系曲线插值得到光纤光栅传感器的峰值中心光频率ffbg，通过光频率和波长的关系得到光纤光栅传感器的峰值中心波长λfbg；
第7、提取光纤气室透射谱线最强吸收峰，去基线后寻峰得到峰值位置，将峰值定位到由光纤F-P标准具相邻透射谱线划分的特定的分区内，基于F-P标准具和辅助干涉仪的采样点-光频率关系曲线，通过插值得到光纤气室的最强吸收峰的中心光频率fg，通过光频率和波长的关系得到光纤气室的峰值中心波长λg，再根据气室透射谱线最强吸收峰中心波长的标准值进行温漂校正，得到最终波长解调值。
如图2所示，在为光纤辅助干涉仪13在光纤F-P标准具相邻干涉极大之间引入局部附加光频率参考的示意图中，对光纤光栅透射信号20寻峰并定位到特定的标准具透射峰19确定的分区Ei(i＝1,2,3…n-1)内，n表示可得到的分区总数，划分时，分区的起点和终点为光纤F-P标准具的两个相邻峰值点(Xi,Fi)、(Xi+1,Fi+1)。
如图3所示，在光纤辅助干涉仪信号去基线前后的谱线图中，对分区内光纤辅助干涉仪信号谱线21(如图2所示)，使用质心法确定峰谷值位置，作为次级光频率参考的采样点序列(χ1，…χm+1)，同时通过对峰谷点个数计数得到完整半周期的个数，靠近分区起点和终点的非完整半周期通过计算其在所处半周期中所占百分比确定，最终得到分区内干涉信号的半周期数，再根据两端一级光频率参考的光频率值求得各次级光频率参考值。
如图4所示，由光纤F-P标准具提供的一级光频率参考和由光纤辅助干涉仪提供的次级光频率参考通过插值建立分区内采样点-光频率的函数关系，根据此关系求出光纤光栅传感器的峰值中心光频率ffbg，通过光频率和波长的关系得到光纤光栅传感器的峰值中心波长λfbg。同理得到光纤气室的最强吸收峰的峰值中心波长λg，而气室最强吸收峰中心波长的标准值为λr，则进行温漂校正后的光纤光栅中心波长为λFBG＝λf-η(λg-λr)，其中m1是与光纤气室最强吸收峰中心波长标准值λr最接近的光纤F-P标准具的透射峰的干涉级次，FSR为光纤F-P标准具的自由光谱范围。
如图5所示，为了验证本发明对波长传感测量稳定性的提高效果，将装置置于-20℃～20℃的变温过程，并使用本发明局部附加光频率参考方法对在恒温槽中保温的光纤光栅传感器进行解调，同时与其他方法作对比。可以看出，在使用其他方法的情况下，波长解调结果波动在±24pm；而利用本发明的局部附加光频率参考方法所得波长解调波动在±3.5pm，波长解调稳定性提高5.9倍。

Claims (1)

1.一种环境变温下波长扫描波动抑制的光纤光栅传感解调方法，其特征在于，该方法包括以下流程：
步骤(1)、宽带光源输入信号经过光衰减、光功率调谐滤波后，输出窄带扫频激光，扫频激光经隔离回光处理后，进行光功率放大处理，再经过光分束处理分成两部分光，其中一部分光到达传感链路和光纤气室，另一部分光到达局部附加光频率参考链路；
步骤(2)、将到达传感链路和光纤气室的光分成N束，其中一束由透射光信号转化为电压模拟信号；其余N-1束中的每束光均被发送至传感器链路，当外界待测参量变化时，光纤光栅反射光的中心波长发生漂移；将传感链路的反射光信号转化为电压模拟信号；
步骤(3)、将到达局部附加光频率参考链路的光分成两部分光，一部分光形成梳状透射光，对该透射光信号陷掉指定光频率，并对该指定光频率作标记；另一部分光经分束和反射后再次相遇并发生干涉得到辅助干涉信号；将两部分光信号分别转化为电压模拟信号，电压模拟信号再经数据采集卡送至处理单元进行解调；
步骤(4)、对采集到的梳状透射光谱线进行寻峰，以指定的光频率标记为基准向两侧依次将寻得的各峰值点Xi，并与已知的光频率值Fi一一对应，获得光源谱宽范围内的一级光频率参考点(Xi,Fi)，构成一级光频率参考点序列，i＝1,2,3…n-1；基于一级光频率参考点序列，将整个宽带的光源谱划分为n个区域(Ei＝1,2,3…n-1)，每个区域的起点和终点为两个相邻的一级光频率参考点(Xi,Fi)和(Xi+1,Fi+1)；
步骤(5)、对采集到的干涉信号谱线去基线，然后截取分区Ei横坐标范围Xi～Xi+1内的辅助干涉信号，通过极值法、质心法或拟合法求取辅助干涉信号的峰值、谷值位置，构成次级光频率参考的采样点(χ1，…χm+1)序列，并通过对峰谷点个数计数得到完整半周期的个数m，靠近分区起点和终点的非完整半周期通过计算其在所处半周期中所占百分比确定，最终得到分区内干涉信号的半周期数：
<mrow> <msub> <mi>n</mi> <mrow> <mi>T</mi> <mo>/</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi>&amp;Delta;n</mi> <mi>s</mi> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <msub> <mi>N</mi> <mi>s</mi> </msub> <mo>/</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>+</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi>&amp;Delta;n</mi> <mi>e</mi> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <msub> <mi>N</mi> <mi>e</mi> </msub> <mo>/</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>+</mo> <mi>m</mi> </mrow>
其中，Δns为分区内第一个峰值或谷值点与分区起点Xi的采样点间距，Ns/2为Xi所处的干涉半周期采样点个数；Δne为分区内最后一个峰值或谷值点与分区终点Xi+1的采样点间距，Ne/2为Xi+1所处的干涉半周期采样点个数，从而得到次级光频率参考点的光频率值fk(k＝1,2,3…m+1)：
<mfenced open = "{" close = ""> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd> <msub> <mi>f</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>F</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi>F</mi> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>F</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> </mrow> <msub> <mi>n</mi> <mrow> <mi>T</mi> <mo>/</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> <mo>&amp;CenterDot;</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi>&amp;Delta;n</mi> <mi>s</mi> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <msub> <mi>N</mi> <mi>s</mi> </msub> <mo>/</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </mfrac> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <msub> <mi>f</mi> <mi>k</mi> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>f</mi> <mrow> <mi>k</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi>F</mi> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>F</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> </mrow> <msub> <mi>n</mi> <mrow> <mi>T</mi> <mo>/</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> <mo>,</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo>&amp;le;</mo> <mi>k</mi> <mo>&amp;le;</mo> <mi>m</mi> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <msub> <mi>f</mi> <mrow> <mi>m</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>f</mi> <mi>m</mi> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi>F</mi> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>F</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> </mrow> <msub> <mi>n</mi> <mrow> <mi>T</mi> <mo>/</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> <mo>&amp;CenterDot;</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi>&amp;Delta;n</mi> <mi>e</mi> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <msub> <mi>N</mi> <mi>e</mi> </msub> <mo>/</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </mfrac> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mfenced>
利用一级光频率参考点(Xi,Fi)和次级光频率参考点(χk,fk)共同构成的序列，通过插值建立分区Ei内的采样点-光频率关系曲线；f1、fm+1分别代表k＝1和k＝m+1时的次级光频率参考点的光频率值；
步骤(6)、通过对传感链路的反射光信号谱线寻峰，将峰值位置定位到相邻透射光信号谱线划分的特定分区内，基于采样点-光频率的关系曲线，通过插值得到光纤光栅传感器透射峰的中心光频率ffbg，通过光频率f和波长λ的关系λ＝c/f，c为真空中的光速，得到光纤光栅传感器的峰值中心波长λfbg＝c/ffbg；
步骤(7)、提取光纤气室透射谱线最强吸收峰，去基线后寻峰得到峰值位置，将峰值定位到由相邻透射谱线划分的特定分区内，基于采样点-光频率关系曲线，通过插值得到最强吸收峰的中心光频率fg，通过光频率和波长的关系得到峰值中心波长λg，λg＝c/fg，再根据气室透射谱线最强吸收峰中心波长的标准值进行温漂校正，得到最终波长解调值。
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