CN106234122A - A kind of oil tea high-survival rate cuttage breeding method - Google Patents
A kind of oil tea high-survival rate cuttage breeding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106234122A CN106234122A CN201610628850.5A CN201610628850A CN106234122A CN 106234122 A CN106234122 A CN 106234122A CN 201610628850 A CN201610628850 A CN 201610628850A CN 106234122 A CN106234122 A CN 106234122A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
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Abstract
The present invention relates to technical field of plant propagation, be specifically related to a kind of oil tea high-survival rate cuttage breeding method, which include cutting medium prepare, the selection of nursery lot, whole make bed, sterilize, set up cool canopy, cuttage bar is chosen and is processed, cuttage, the step such as nursery bed management after cuttage.The present invention has the cutting medium of special efficacy by preparation, to the special handling of cuttage bar and the control etc. of whole cuttage process parameter, achieve oil tea cuttage survival rate high, can reach 90% object above, easy to learn, the oil tea Seedling well developed root system of low cost, cutting survival simple to operate, grow fine, blade face is plump, substantially without pest and disease damage generation；And the cottage breeding cycle is short, within generally 23 months, can carry out next step grafting or transplant afforestation, not affected by seasonal factor, energy large-scale production also provides enough seedlings to supply market.
Description
[technical field]
The invention belongs to technical field of plant propagation, be specifically related to a kind of oil tea high-survival rate cuttage breeding method.
[background technology]
Oil tea is the distinctive important edible oil materials seeds of China, and strong adaptability is drought-resistant, barren, suitable southern hills mountain
District plants.Oleum Camelliae unsaturated fatty acid content reaches 94%, for the hat in crude vegetal, is the oily and pure sky of high-quality functional health
Right non-polluted edible oil.
Oil tea is with seed, cuttage or propagation by grafiting.Carry out seedling breeding and seedling with seed, need substantial amounts of improved seeds oil
Tea seed, the seedling cycle is longer, it is impossible to meets the demand in market, and breeds nursery stock out it cannot be guaranteed that holding parent's is excellent
Optimum shape, character is likely to inconsistent；Camellia oleifera Cutting Seedling Raising is the totipotency utilizing plant cell, will shear off on excellent elite stand
Branch be trained complete new plant under certain conditions.Subtropic of China area has superior climate resources condition,
The season of suitable oil tea cuttage is longer, and cutting propagation is easily formed scale, has that breeding coefficient is high, character is stable, simple to operate,
Seedling cost is relatively low, be difficult to the advantages such as seasonal labour is nervous occur, is the important technical of subtropical zone oil tea breeding.
But, although existing oil tea Technique on Cuttage Propagation can stably keep the merit of maternal plant, but there is cuttage survival rate
Low, root system is undeveloped, after cutting survival growing way slowly, cause that the production cycle is longer, be susceptible to the problems such as pest and disease damage.
[summary of the invention]
The present invention is directed to the deficiency that prior art exists, it is provided that a kind of oil tea high-survival rate cuttage breeding method, the method
Cuttage survival rate is high, easy to learn, the oil tea Seedling well developed root system of low cost, cutting survival simple to operate, grow fine, blade face is plump,
Substantially occur without pest and disease damage.
The present invention seeks to be achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of oil tea high-survival rate cuttage breeding method, comprises the following steps:
1) prepared by cutting medium: weigh following raw material by weight: yellow soil 34-47 part, Vespertilio dung 11-16 part, shell
Powder 3-5 part, bagasse powder 27-37 part, spill leaves 9-15 part, Folium Pini 7-12 part, Enteromorpha clathrata (Roth) Grev. Emend bliding moss 14-17 part；Described cuttage
The concrete preparation process of substrate is: after fully being mixed by described each raw material, heap is in heaps, adds water and mixes thoroughly, and amount of water is with under substrate heap
Portion does not flow out water and is limited, natural compost more than 3 months,；
Described bagasse powder is acquisition after process by the following method: poured into by bagasse in fermentation vat, injects in pond
Biogas slurry, is uniformly mixed, and after staticly settling, biogas slurry liquid level exceeds the distance of bagasse no less than 15cm, soaking fermentation, time
No less than 4 months, then pull out, naturally dry, be ground into 2-3mm powder,；Described spill leaves is fresh selected from spill tree
Leaf, breaks and is broken into the broken leaf less than 1cm；Described Folium Pini is the fresh leaf choosing growth stage, and the segment cutting up with a hay cutter into 0.5-1cm can make
With；Described Enteromorpha clathrata (Roth) Grev. Emend bliding moss is naturally to be dried by fresh lichen, and then breaking is broken into 0.3-0.8cm segment；
Preferably, each raw material for preparing cutting medium clicks parts by weight composition: yellow soil 38 parts, Vespertilio dung 11
Part, conch meal 3 parts, 27 parts of bagasse powder, spill leaves 11 parts, Folium Pini 11 parts, Enteromorpha clathrata (Roth) Grev. Emend bliding moss 14 parts.
2) selection of nursery lot: nursery lot is preferably located at the place that sunny, irrigation and drainage are convenient, leeward；
3) make bed: to the ground, garden selected wholely, at least in cuttage beginning in first 1 month wholely, remove ground weeds, execute for every mu
Farm manure 200 kilograms, compound fertilizer 50 kilograms, plant ash 70 kilograms make base fertilizer, then plough under in soil, flatten plot, behind whole ground i.e.
Start to make seedbed, seedbed width with 1.2-1.4 rice, high 5-10 centimetre be advisable, the step 1 that 8-10cm is thick is spread in seedbed after performing) system
Standby cutting medium, waters permeable, lays automatic spraying device along both sides, seedbed flexible pipe；Installing one every 3m can level side
To 180 degree of shower nozzles rotated, the shower nozzle Heterogeneous Permutation on both sides, seedbed is installed, and the shower nozzle on both sides is oppositely arranged, and water spraying direction is oblique
On ,-60 ° angles at 45 ° with seedbed；
4) sterilization: before cuttage, after seedbed is carried out spray disinfectant, cover thin film, surrounding soil pressure immediately on bamboo shelf
Tightening seal, and ensure lay automatic spraying device in film hood, Nausea drying 7～10 days；Preferably, molten for nursery bed disinfection
Liquid is the potassium permanganate solution of concentration 0.5～1 ‰ or 600-800 times of aqueous solution of 50% carbendazol wettable powder or dense
Degree is the thiophanate methyl aqueous solution of 1～2 ‰；
5) cool canopy is set up: nursery lot sets up cool canopy, and cool canopy height 2.1-2.5 rice, degree of shading is at 60%-70%；
6) cuttage bar is chosen and is processed: select high yield, disease and insect resistance camellia oleifera cultivar, take band axillalry bud on annual joint, not damaged,
Branch without pest and disease damage is cut to one section by 2-3 to axillalry bud, long 12-15cm, as cuttage bar, presses nature growth time for each section
Successively, being divided into and first generate end and rear generation end, rear generation end one saves the leaf on axillalry bud and retains, every leaf cuts off half,
Leaf bands stalk on other joints is removed, and puts and allows after its natural dehydration 5～8% in the cool, puts into containing 0.03mol/L dihydro pyrrole
The 0.2mol/L KH of pyridine2PO4Soaking 1-1.5 hour in solution, taking-up clear water rinses 10-15 minute, prepares cuttage；
7) cuttage: the thin film of seedbed bamboo shelf is opened, seedbed is watered permeable, then cuttage bar is pressed seeding row spacing 10 × 20
Centimetre and angle at 45 °, ground insert in cutting medium, insert the degree of depth of cutting medium with the 1/2 to 2/3 of cuttage bar length and
The axillalry bud generating section after and is advisable no less than 3 centimetres higher than the distance of cutting medium, and cuttage covers thin film again after completing, surrounding is used
Soil pressure tightening seal；
8) nursery bed management after cuttage:
A. heat and moisture preserving: thin temperature in the shed controls at 22～28 DEG C, and humid control is 75～80%；
B. except sprouting: after cuttage about 15 days, cuttage bar starts to extract sprouting out, within about 20 days, carries out except sprouting, every strain cuttage bar
Retaining 1～2 rudiment branch grown fine, remaining is erased；
C. spray water: cuttage seedbed can not hydrops can not hydropenia, as found seedbed hydropenia, automatic spray should be passed through in time
Device carries out spray water to ensure temperature and humidity；
D. remove film hood and remove cool canopy: after cuttage one and a half months, carrying out seedling exercising 5-7 days, then thin film is all taken off
Remove, after a week, cool canopy is removed, meanwhile, carry out the preventing and treating of sterilization and subterranean pest-insect, until outplanting.
Preferably, before described seedling exercising is 8-9 point every morning, by automatic spraying device spray water 10-15 minute, then
Open the thin film of seedbed two-port, allow cross-ventilation, before afternoon 6-7 point, the thin film of seedbed two-port is built, by spray automatically
Shower device spray water 15-20 minute.
Step 6) during cuttage bar chooses and processes, for making cuttage bar moisture not easily run off, otch be prone to healing, otch is difficult to
Being rotted, cuttage bar base portion is cut into an inclined plane, inclined plane becomes 45-60 °, and meanwhile, during cuttage, cuttage bar is also easy to insert
In seedbed or substrate.
Being studied by long term test, applicant develops a kind of oil tea high-survival rate cuttage breeding method, is had by preparation
There is the cutting medium of special efficacy, to the special handling of cuttage bar and the control etc. of whole cuttage process parameter, it is achieved that
Oil tea cuttage survival rate is high, can reach 90% object above, the oil tea shoot root system of easy to learn, low cost, cutting survival simple to operate
Flourishing, grow fine, blade face is plump, substantially without pest and disease damage generation；And the cottage breeding cycle is short, generally 2-3 month
Carrying out next step grafting or transplant afforestation, not affected by seasonal factor, energy large-scale production also provides enough seedlings to supply to go on the market
?.The oil tea cutting seedling cultivated, vitality is strong, well developed root system, and diseases and insect pests resistance is strong, and life cycle is long, and adaptive faculty is strong,
It is suitable in characteristics such as overwhelming majority area plantations.
[detailed description of the invention]
The following examples can help those skilled in the art that the present invention is more fully understood, but cannot be with any
Mode limits the present invention.
Embodiment 1
A kind of oil tea high-survival rate cuttage breeding method, comprises the following steps:
1) prepared by cutting medium: weigh following raw material by weight: yellow soil 34-47 part, Vespertilio dung 11-16 part, shell
Powder 3-5 part, bagasse powder 27-37 part, spill leaves 9-15 part, Folium Pini 7-12 part, Enteromorpha clathrata (Roth) Grev. Emend bliding moss 14-17 part；Described cuttage
The concrete preparation process of substrate is: after fully being mixed by described each raw material, heap is in heaps, adds water and mixes thoroughly, and amount of water is with under substrate heap
Portion does not flow out water and is limited, natural compost more than 3 months,；
Described bagasse powder is acquisition after process by the following method: poured into by bagasse in fermentation vat, injects in pond
Biogas slurry, is uniformly mixed, and after staticly settling, biogas slurry liquid level exceeds the distance of bagasse no less than 15cm, soaking fermentation, time
No less than 4 months, then pull out, naturally dry, be ground into 2-3mm powder,；Described spill leaves is fresh selected from spill tree
Leaf, breaks and is broken into the broken leaf less than 1cm；Described Folium Pini is the fresh leaf choosing growth stage, and the segment cutting up with a hay cutter into 0.5-1cm can make
With；Described Enteromorpha clathrata (Roth) Grev. Emend bliding moss is naturally to be dried by fresh lichen, and then breaking is broken into 0.3-0.8cm segment；
2) selection of nursery lot: nursery lot is preferably located at the place that sunny, irrigation and drainage are convenient, leeward；
3) make bed: to the ground, garden selected wholely, at least in cuttage beginning in first 1 month wholely, remove ground weeds, execute for every mu
Farm manure 200 kilograms, compound fertilizer 50 kilograms, plant ash 70 kilograms make base fertilizer, then plough under in soil, flatten plot, behind whole ground i.e.
Start to make seedbed, seedbed width with 1.2-1.4 rice, high 5-10 centimetre be advisable, the step 1 that 8-10cm is thick is spread in seedbed after performing) system
Standby cutting medium, waters permeable, lays automatic spraying device along both sides, seedbed flexible pipe；Installing one every 3m can level side
To 180 degree of shower nozzles rotated, the shower nozzle Heterogeneous Permutation on both sides, seedbed is installed, and the shower nozzle on both sides is oppositely arranged, and water spraying direction is oblique
On ,-60 ° angles at 45 ° with seedbed；
4) sterilization: before cuttage, with potassium permanganate solution or 50% carbendazol wettable powder of concentration 0.5～1 ‰
After 600-800 times of aqueous solution or the thiophanate methyl aqueous solution that concentration is 1～2 ‰ carry out spray disinfectant to seedbed, exist immediately
Thin film is covered on bamboo shelf, surrounding soil pressure tightening seal, Nausea drying 7～10 days；
5) cool canopy is set up: nursery lot sets up cool canopy, and cool canopy height 2.1-2.5 rice, degree of shading is at 60%-70%；
6) cuttage bar is chosen and is processed: select high yield, disease and insect resistance camellia oleifera cultivar, take band axillalry bud on annual joint, not damaged,
Branch without pest and disease damage is cut to one section by 2-3 to axillalry bud, long 12-15cm, as cuttage bar, presses nature growth time for each section
Successively, being divided into and first generate end and rear generation end, rear generation end one saves the leaf on axillalry bud and retains, every leaf cuts off half,
Leaf bands stalk on other joints is removed, and puts and allows after its natural dehydration 5～8% in the cool, containing 0.03mol/L dihydropyridine
0.2mol/L KH2PO4Soaking 1-1.5 hour in solution, taking-up clear water rinses 10-15 minute, prepares cuttage；
7) cuttage: the thin film of seedbed bamboo shelf is opened, seedbed is watered permeable, then cuttage bar is pressed seeding row spacing 10 × 20
Centimetre and angle at 45 °, ground insert in cutting medium, insert the degree of depth of cutting medium with the 1/2 to 2/3 of cuttage bar length and
The axillalry bud generating section after and is advisable no less than 3 centimetres higher than the distance of cutting medium, and cuttage covers thin film again after completing, surrounding is used
Soil pressure tightening seal；
8) nursery bed management after cuttage:
A. heat and moisture preserving: thin temperature in the shed controls at 22～28 DEG C, and humid control is 75～80%；
B. except sprouting: after cuttage about 15 days, cuttage bar starts to extract sprouting out, within about 20 days, carries out except sprouting, every strain cuttage bar
Retaining 1～2 rudiment branch grown fine, remaining is erased；
C. spray water: cuttage seedbed can not hydrops can not hydropenia, as found seedbed hydropenia, automatic spray should be passed through in time
Device carries out spray water to ensure temperature and humidity；
D. remove film hood and remove cool canopy: after cuttage one and a half months, carrying out seedling exercising 5-7 days: before every morning 8-9 point,
By automatic spraying device spray water 10-15 minute, then open the thin film of seedbed two-port, allow cross-ventilation, afternoon 6-7 point
Before, the thin film of seedbed two-port is built, by automatic spraying device spray water 15-20 minute.Seedling exercising complete after by thin film
All remove, after a week, cool canopy is removed, meanwhile, carry out the preventing and treating of sterilization and subterranean pest-insect, until outplanting.
Embodiment 2
A kind of oil tea high-survival rate cuttage breeding method, comprises the following steps:
1) prepared by cutting medium: weigh following raw material by weight: yellow soil 38 parts, Vespertilio dung 11 parts, conch meal 3 parts,
27 parts of bagasse powder, spill leaves 11 parts, Folium Pini 11 parts, Enteromorpha clathrata (Roth) Grev. Emend bliding moss 14 parts；The concrete preparation process of described cutting medium
For: after fully being mixed by described each raw material, heap is in heaps, adds water and mixes thoroughly, and amount of water does not flow out water with substrate heap bottom and is limited, natural
Compost more than 3 months,；
Described bagasse powder is acquisition after process by the following method: poured into by bagasse in fermentation vat, injects in pond
Biogas slurry, is uniformly mixed, and after staticly settling, biogas slurry liquid level exceeds the distance of bagasse no less than 15cm, soaking fermentation, time
No less than 4 months, then pull out, naturally dry, be ground into 2-3mm powder,；Described spill leaves is fresh selected from spill tree
Leaf, breaks and is broken into the broken leaf less than 1cm；Described Folium Pini is the fresh leaf choosing growth stage, and the segment cutting up with a hay cutter into 0.5-1cm can make
With；Described Enteromorpha clathrata (Roth) Grev. Emend bliding moss is naturally to be dried by fresh lichen, and then breaking is broken into 0.3-0.8cm segment；
2) selection of nursery lot: nursery lot is preferably located at the place that sunny, irrigation and drainage are convenient, leeward；
3) make bed: to the ground, garden selected wholely, at least in cuttage beginning in first 1 month wholely, remove ground weeds, execute for every mu
Farm manure 200 kilograms, compound fertilizer 50 kilograms, plant ash 70 kilograms make base fertilizer, then plough under in soil, flatten plot, behind whole ground i.e.
Start to make seedbed, seedbed width with 1.2-1.4 rice, high 5-10 centimetre be advisable, the step 1 that 8-10cm is thick is spread in seedbed after performing) system
Standby cutting medium, waters permeable, lays automatic spraying device along both sides, seedbed flexible pipe；Installing one every 3m can level side
To 180 degree of shower nozzles rotated, the shower nozzle Heterogeneous Permutation on both sides, seedbed is installed, and the shower nozzle on both sides is oppositely arranged, and water spraying direction is oblique
On ,-60 ° angles at 45 ° with seedbed；
4) sterilization: before cuttage, with potassium permanganate solution or 50% carbendazol wettable powder of concentration 0.5～1 ‰
After 600-800 times of aqueous solution or the thiophanate methyl aqueous solution that concentration is 1～2 ‰ carry out spray disinfectant to seedbed, exist immediately
Thin film is covered on bamboo shelf, surrounding soil pressure tightening seal, Nausea drying 7～10 days；
5) cool canopy is set up: nursery lot sets up cool canopy, and cool canopy height 2.1-2.5 rice, degree of shading is at 60%-70%；
6) cuttage bar is chosen and is processed: select high yield, disease and insect resistance camellia oleifera cultivar, take band axillalry bud on annual joint, not damaged,
Branch without pest and disease damage is cut to one section by 2-3 to axillalry bud, long 12-15cm, as cuttage bar, presses nature growth time for each section
Successively, being divided into and first generate end and rear generation end, rear generation end one saves the leaf on axillalry bud and retains, every leaf cuts off half,
Leaf bands stalk on other joints is removed, and puts and allows after its natural dehydration 5～8% in the cool, containing 0.03mol/L dihydropyridine
0.2mol/L KH2PO4Soaking 1-1.5 hour in solution, taking-up clear water rinses 10-15 minute, prepares cuttage；
7) cuttage: the thin film of seedbed bamboo shelf is opened, seedbed is watered permeable, then cuttage bar is pressed seeding row spacing 10 × 20
Centimetre and angle at 45 °, ground insert in cutting medium, insert the degree of depth of cutting medium with the 1/2 to 2/3 of cuttage bar length and
The axillalry bud generating section after and is advisable no less than 3 centimetres higher than the distance of cutting medium, and cuttage covers thin film again after completing, surrounding is used
Soil pressure tightening seal；
8) nursery bed management after cuttage:
A. heat and moisture preserving: thin temperature in the shed controls at 22～28 DEG C, and humid control is 75～80%；
B. except sprouting: after cuttage about 15 days, cuttage bar starts to extract sprouting out, within about 20 days, carries out except sprouting, every strain cuttage bar
Retaining 1～2 rudiment branch grown fine, remaining is erased；
C. spray water: cuttage seedbed can not hydrops can not hydropenia, as found seedbed hydropenia, automatic spray should be passed through in time
Device carries out spray water to ensure temperature and humidity；
D. remove film hood and remove cool canopy: after cuttage one and a half months, carrying out seedling exercising 5-7 days: before every morning 8-9 point,
By automatic spraying device spray water 10-15 minute, then open the thin film of seedbed two-port, allow cross-ventilation, afternoon 6-7 point
Before, the thin film of seedbed two-port is built, by automatic spraying device spray water 15-20 minute.Seedling exercising complete after by thin film
All remove, after a week, cool canopy is removed, meanwhile, carry out the preventing and treating of sterilization and subterranean pest-insect, until outplanting.
Embodiment 3
A kind of oil tea high-survival rate cuttage breeding method, comprises the following steps:
1) prepared by cutting medium: weigh following raw material by weight: yellow soil 34-47 part, Vespertilio dung 11-16 part, shell
Powder 3-5 part, bagasse powder 27-37 part, spill leaves 9-15 part, Folium Pini 7-12 part, Enteromorpha clathrata (Roth) Grev. Emend bliding moss 14-17 part；Described cuttage
The concrete preparation process of substrate is: after fully being mixed by described each raw material, heap is in heaps, adds water and mixes thoroughly, and amount of water is with under substrate heap
Portion does not flow out water and is limited, natural compost more than 3 months,；
Described bagasse powder is acquisition after process by the following method: poured into by bagasse in fermentation vat, injects in pond
Biogas slurry, is uniformly mixed, and after staticly settling, biogas slurry liquid level exceeds the distance of bagasse no less than 15cm, soaking fermentation, time
No less than 4 months, then pull out, naturally dry, be ground into 2-3mm powder,；Described spill leaves is fresh selected from spill tree
Leaf, breaks and is broken into the broken leaf less than 1cm；Described Folium Pini is the fresh leaf choosing growth stage, and the segment cutting up with a hay cutter into 0.5-1cm can make
With；Described Enteromorpha clathrata (Roth) Grev. Emend bliding moss is naturally to be dried by fresh lichen, and then breaking is broken into 0.3-0.8cm segment；
2) selection of nursery lot: nursery lot is preferably located at the place that sunny, irrigation and drainage are convenient, leeward；
3) make bed: to the ground, garden selected wholely, at least in cuttage beginning in first 1 month wholely, remove ground weeds, execute for every mu
Farm manure 200 kilograms, compound fertilizer 50 kilograms, plant ash 70 kilograms make base fertilizer, then plough under in soil, flatten plot, behind whole ground i.e.
Start to make seedbed, seedbed width with 1.2-1.4 rice, high 5-10 centimetre be advisable, the step 1 that 8-10cm is thick is spread in seedbed after performing) system
Standby cutting medium, waters permeable, lays automatic spraying device along both sides, seedbed flexible pipe；Installing one every 3m can level side
To 180 degree of shower nozzles rotated, the shower nozzle Heterogeneous Permutation on both sides, seedbed is installed, and the shower nozzle on both sides is oppositely arranged, and water spraying direction is oblique
On ,-60 ° angles at 45 ° with seedbed；
4) sterilization: before cuttage, with potassium permanganate solution or 50% carbendazol wettable powder of concentration 0.5～1 ‰
After 600-800 times of aqueous solution or the thiophanate methyl aqueous solution that concentration is 1～2 ‰ carry out spray disinfectant to seedbed, exist immediately
Thin film is covered on bamboo shelf, surrounding soil pressure tightening seal, Nausea drying 7～10 days；
5) cool canopy is set up: nursery lot sets up cool canopy, and cool canopy height 2.1-2.5 rice, degree of shading is at 60%-70%；
6) cuttage bar is chosen and is processed: select high yield, disease and insect resistance camellia oleifera cultivar, take band axillalry bud on annual joint, not damaged,
Branch without pest and disease damage is cut to one section by 2-3 to axillalry bud, long 12-15cm, as cuttage bar, presses nature growth time for each section
Successively, being divided into and first generate end and rear generation end, rear generation end one saves the leaf on axillalry bud and retains, every leaf cuts off half,
Leaf bands stalk on other joints is removed, and puts and allows after its natural dehydration 5～8% in the cool, containing 0.03mol/L dihydropyridine
0.2mol/L KH2PO4Soaking 1-1.5 hour in solution, taking-up clear water rinses 10-15 minute, prepares cuttage；
7) cuttage: the thin film of seedbed bamboo shelf is opened, seedbed is watered permeable, then cuttage bar is pressed seeding row spacing 10 × 20
Centimetre and angle at 45 °, ground insert in cutting medium, insert the degree of depth of cutting medium with the 1/2 to 2/3 of cuttage bar length and
The axillalry bud generating section after and is advisable no less than 3 centimetres higher than the distance of cutting medium, and cuttage covers thin film again after completing, surrounding is used
Soil pressure tightening seal；
8) nursery bed management after cuttage:
A. heat and moisture preserving: thin temperature in the shed controls at 22～28 DEG C, and humid control is 75～80%；
B. except sprouting: after cuttage about 15 days, cuttage bar starts to extract sprouting out, within about 20 days, carries out except sprouting, every strain cuttage bar
Retaining 1～2 rudiment branch grown fine, remaining is erased；
C. spray: cuttage seedbed can not hydrops can not hydropenia, as found seedbed hydropenia, should be filled by automatic spray in time
Put and carry out spray water to ensure temperature and humidity；
D. remove film hood and remove cool canopy: after cuttage one and a half months, carrying out seedling exercising 5-7 days: before every morning 8-9 point,
By automatic spraying device spray water 10-15 minute, then open the thin film of seedbed two-port, allow cross-ventilation, afternoon 6-7 point
Before, the thin film of seedbed two-port is built, by automatic spraying device spray water 15-20 minute.Seedling exercising complete after by thin film
All remove, after a week, cool canopy is removed, meanwhile, carry out the preventing and treating of sterilization and subterranean pest-insect, until outplanting.
Remove after cool canopy, i.e. to the survival rate of oil tea cutting seedling, averagely take root number, root average length, the average base portion of sprouting
Diameter, sprouting average length are added up, the statistical data of embodiment 1-3 such as table 1.
Table 1
Based on the oil tea high-survival rate cuttage breeding method of embodiment 2, do contrast test.
In the case of other steps are constant, remove the use of cutting medium, test 1 as a comparison.
In the case of other steps are constant, step 6) during cuttage bar chooses and process, cuttage bar is with not containing dihydro pyrrole
The 0.2mol/L KH of pyridine2PO4Solution soaks the identical time, test 2 as a comparison.
In the case of other steps are constant, removing the use of cutting medium, meanwhile, cuttage bar is with not containing dihydropyridine
0.2mol/L KH2PO4Solution soaks the identical time, test 3 as a comparison.
Equally, remove after cool canopy, i.e. average to the survival rate of oil tea cutting seedling, averagely take root number, root average length, sprouting
Base diameter, sprouting average length are added up, contrast test 1, contrast test 2, the statistical data such as table 2 of contrast test 3.
Table 2
Although, the present invention is described in detail the most with a general description of the specific embodiments, but
On the basis of the present invention, can make some modifications or improvements it, this will be apparent to those skilled in the art.Cause
This, these modifications or improvements without departing from theon the basis of the spirit of the present invention, belong to the scope of protection of present invention.
Claims (7)
1. an oil tea high-survival rate cuttage breeding method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
1) prepared by cutting medium: weigh following raw material by weight: yellow soil 34-47 part, Vespertilio dung 11-16 part, conch meal 3-5
Part, bagasse powder 27-37 part, spill leaves 9-15 part, Folium Pini 7-12 part, Enteromorpha clathrata (Roth) Grev. Emend bliding moss 14-17 part；Described cutting medium
Concrete preparation process is: after fully being mixed by described each raw material, heap is in heaps, adds water and mixes thoroughly, and amount of water does not flows with substrate heap bottom
Water outlet is limited, natural compost more than 3 months,；
Described bagasse powder is acquisition after process by the following method: poured into by bagasse in fermentation vat, injects biogas slurry in pond,
Being uniformly mixed, after staticly settling, biogas slurry liquid level exceeds the distance of bagasse and is no less than 15cm, and soaking fermentation, the time is many
In 4 months, then pull out, naturally dry, be ground into 2-3mm powder,；Described spill leaves is selected from the fresh leaf of spill tree,
Break and be broken into the broken leaf less than 1cm；Described Folium Pini is the fresh leaf choosing growth stage, and the segment cutting up with a hay cutter into 0.5-1cm can use；
Described Enteromorpha clathrata (Roth) Grev. Emend bliding moss is naturally to be dried by fresh lichen, and then breaking is broken into 0.3-0.8cm segment；
2) selection of nursery lot: nursery lot is preferably located at the place that sunny, irrigation and drainage are convenient, leeward；
3) make bed: to the ground, garden selected wholely, at least in cuttage beginning in first 1 month wholely, remove ground weeds, Mei Mushi farmers'
Fertilizer 200 kilograms, compound fertilizer 50 kilograms, plant ash 70 kilograms make base fertilizer, then plough under in soil, flatten plot, i.e. start behind whole ground
Make seedbed, seedbed width with 1.2-1.4 rice, high 5-10 centimetre be advisable, seedbed spreads the step 1 that 8-10cm is thick after performing) prepare
Cutting medium, waters permeable, lays automatic spraying device along both sides, seedbed flexible pipe；
4) sterilization: before cuttage, after seedbed is carried out spray disinfectant, covering thin film immediately on bamboo shelf, surrounding soil pressure is tight
Envelope, Nausea drying 7～10 days；
5) cool canopy is set up: nursery lot sets up cool canopy, and cool canopy height 2.1-2.5 rice, degree of shading is at 60%-70%；
6) cuttage bar is chosen and is processed: select high yield, disease and insect resistance camellia oleifera cultivar, takes band axillalry bud on annual joint, not damaged, anosis
The branch of insect pest is cut to one section by 2-3 to axillalry bud, long 12-15cm, as cuttage bar, each section of elder generation pressing nature growth time
After, it being divided into and first generate end and rear generation end, rear generation end one is saved the leaf on axillalry bud and retains, every leaf cuts off half, its
Leaf band stalk on his joint is removed, and puts and allows after its natural dehydration 5～8% in the cool, puts into containing 0.03mol/L dihydropyridine
0.2mol/L KH2PO4Soaking 1-1.5 hour in solution, taking-up clear water rinses 10-15 minute, prepares cuttage；
7) cuttage: opened by the thin film of seedbed bamboo shelf, seedbed is watered permeable, then presses seeding row spacing 10 × 20 lis by cuttage bar
Rice and angle at 45 °, ground are inserted in cutting medium, insert the degree of depth of cutting medium with the 1/2 to 2/3 of cuttage bar length and
The axillalry bud of rear generation section is advisable no less than 3 centimetres higher than the distance of cutting medium, and cuttage covers thin film, surrounding soil again after completing
Compress and seal；
8) nursery bed management after cuttage:
A. heat and moisture preserving: thin temperature in the shed controls at 22～28 DEG C, and humid control is 75～80%；
B. except sprouting: after cuttage about 15 days, cuttage bar starts to extract sprouting out, within about 20 days, carries out except sprouting, and every strain cuttage bar retains 1
～2 rudiment branches grown fine, remaining is erased；
C. spray water: cuttage seedbed can not hydrops can not hydropenia, as found seedbed hydropenia, automatic spraying device should be passed through in time
Carry out spray water to ensure temperature and humidity；
D. remove film hood and remove cool canopy: after cuttage one and a half months, carrying out seedling exercising 5-7 days, then thin film is all removed, then
Spend a week cool canopy is removed, meanwhile, carry out the preventing and treating of sterilization and subterranean pest-insect, until outplanting.
2. oil tea high-survival rate cuttage breeding method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that: each raw material of cutting medium by with
Lower weight portion forms: yellow soil 38 parts, Vespertilio dung 11 parts, conch meal 3 parts, 27 parts of bagasse powder, spill leaves 11 parts, pinaster
11 parts of leaf, Enteromorpha clathrata (Roth) Grev. Emend bliding moss 14 parts.
3. oil tea high-survival rate cuttage breeding method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that: lay automatic spray with flexible pipe
Device, every 3m install one can horizontal direction 180 degree rotation shower nozzle, the shower nozzle on both sides, seedbed is oppositely arranged, water spraying direction
Obliquely.
4. oil tea high-survival rate cuttage breeding method as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that: the water spraying direction of shower nozzle is oblique
Upwards-60 ° at 45 ° with seedbed.
5. oil tea high-survival rate cuttage breeding method as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that: lay automatic spray with flexible pipe
Device, the shower nozzle Heterogeneous Permutation on both sides, seedbed is installed.
6. oil tea high-survival rate cuttage breeding method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that: described seedling exercising is every morning
Before 8-9 point, by automatic spraying device spray water 10-15 minute, then open the thin film of seedbed two-port, allow cross-ventilation,
Before afternoon 6-7 point, the thin film of seedbed two-port is built, by automatic spraying device spray water 15-20 minute.
7. oil tea high-survival rate cuttage breeding method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that: step 4) in, for seedbed
The potassium permanganate solution that solution is concentration 0.5～1 ‰ or 50% carbendazol wettable powder 600-800 times of sterilization are water-soluble
Liquid or the thiophanate methyl aqueous solution that concentration is 1～2 ‰.
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| CN112189468A (en) * | 2020-09-03 | 2021-01-08 | 湖南大三湘苗木园艺有限责任公司 | Method for interplanting camellia oleifera and cultivating large seedlings in greening broad-leaved forest |
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