CN106209335B - A kind of pilot multiplex method for D2D communication system - Google Patents
A kind of pilot multiplex method for D2D communication system Download PDFInfo
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- CN106209335B CN106209335B CN201610542910.1A CN201610542910A CN106209335B CN 106209335 B CN106209335 B CN 106209335B CN 201610542910 A CN201610542910 A CN 201610542910A CN 106209335 B CN106209335 B CN 106209335B
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- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000005562 fading Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004422 calculation algorithm Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000284540 Asthena Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
- H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
- H04L5/0048—Allocation of pilot signals, i.e. of signals known to the receiver
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
- H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
- H04L5/0058—Allocation criteria
- H04L5/0062—Avoidance of ingress interference, e.g. ham radio channels
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W72/00—Local resource management
- H04W72/50—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources
- H04W72/54—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources based on quality criteria
- H04W72/541—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources based on quality criteria using the level of interference
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of pilot multiplex methods for D2D communication system, this method finds suffered maximum D2D pairs of potential interference from the D2D user of unallocated pilot tone every time, it will be distributed to the smallest pilot tone is interfered to the D2D, until all D2D are to being assigned to pilot tone.The present invention makes full use of slowly varying large-scale fading coefficient, defines the parameter that interferes with each other between two D2D pairs of description, is distributed using the pilot tone that the lower algorithm of complexity realizes in the case of multiplexed pilot between D2D user, pilot pollution can be effectively reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of D2D communication, in particular to a pilot frequency multiplexing method for a D2D communication system.
Background
In recent years, with the rapid increase of wireless services and the increasing shortage of spectrum resources, D2D (Device-to-Device) communication technology can greatly improve the spectrum utilization of the system, so it is proposed to be adopted in the fifth generation mobile communication system. D2D communication allows neighboring users to communicate directly without going through a base station, and D2D users can reuse the frequency resources of cellular users. Therefore, the D2D communication has the advantages of improving the utilization rate of the frequency band, reducing the transmission delay and reducing the energy consumption.
In a cellular and D2D hybrid communication system, cellular users typically have higher priority, and the number of cellular users is typically less than the number of D2D pairs. Therefore, it can be assumed that cellular users use mutually orthogonal pilot sequences for channel estimation in a single cell scenario. In order to reduce the length of the pilot sequence, there is pilot multiplexing between D2D users, i.e. the number of pilot sets available to D2D users is less than the number of D2D pairs. In order to reduce the channel estimation error of D2D users, a method capable of effectively reducing the pilot pollution among D2D users is needed.
The patent provides a method for multiplexing pilot frequency in a cellular and D2D hybrid communication system, which can effectively reduce the problem of pilot frequency interference between D2D pairs.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a pilot frequency multiplexing method for a D2D communication system, which is suitable for a cellular and D2D hybrid communication system and can effectively reduce the problem of pilot frequency interference between D2D pairs.
The technical scheme is as follows: the pilot frequency multiplexing method for the D2D communication system comprises the following steps:
s1, acquiring large-scale fading coefficients among all D2D pairs;
s2, calculating potential interference between any two D2D pairs according to the large-scale fading coefficient;
s3, selecting the D2D pair with the largest potential interference from the D2D pair set without the distributed pilot;
s4, selecting pilot frequency omega from pilot frequency resourcemAllocating the selected D2D pair and adding the selected D2D pair to the set of D2D pairs allocated with the pilot; wherein, ω ismRepresenting the mth pilot frequency in the pilot frequency resource, wherein m is the number of the D2D pairs of the allocated pilot frequency;
s5, judging whether the number of the D2D pairs which are distributed with the pilot frequency is less than the number of the pilot frequency resources; if yes, return to S3; if not, executing S6;
s6, calculating potential pilots of the D2D pairs of each unallocated pilot;
s7, selecting the D2D pair with the largest potential interference from the D2D set of the unallocated pilots;
s8, allocating potential pilots corresponding to the selected D2D pair to the selected D2D pair, and adding the selected D2D pair to the pilot-allocated D2D pair set;
and S9, judging whether all the D2D pairs have already distributed the pilot frequency, if not, returning to the step S6, and if so, finishing the pilot frequency distribution.
Further, the calculation formula of the potential interference in step S2 is as follows:
in the formula, βikRepresenting potential interference when the same pilot is used between D2D pairs i and D2D pairs k, i, k representing the number of D2D pairs,k represents the number of pairs of D2D, v·*Representing the large scale fading coefficients between pairs D2D and pairs D2D.
Further, the potential pilot in the step S6 is the pilot causing the least potential interference to the D2D pair; wherein the potential pilot of D2D pair k is numbered nkThe pilot(s) of (a) is (are) transmitted,wherein N is the number of pilot frequency resources and the pilot frequency matrix isλiDenotes the pilot sequence assigned to D2D pair i, Λ is the set of D2D pairs assigned pilots.
Further, the calculation formula of the most potentially interfered D2D to k' in the step S7 is
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable advantages: the invention fully utilizes the large-scale fading coefficient which changes slowly, defines the parameters for describing the mutual interference between two D2D pairs, realizes the pilot frequency distribution between D2D users under the condition of multiplexing the pilot frequency by using the algorithm with lower complexity, can effectively reduce the pilot frequency pollution, and has certain practicability. The core idea of the invention is to find the D2D pair with the largest potential interference from the D2D users without pilot allocation, and allocate the pilot causing the smallest interference to the D2D pair to it until all D2D pairs are allocated to the pilot. The invention is simple to realize, and the simulation proves that the invention has good performance.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a scenario of a D2D communication system according to the present embodiment; in FIG. 1, BS is a base station, D2D-Tx and D2D-Rx represent the transmitter and receiver of D2D-x, respectively, the solid arrow represents the useful pilot signal and the dashed arrow represents the pilot interference signal;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of the present embodiment;
fig. 3 is a comparison diagram of a pilot allocation algorithm (deployed Scheme), randomly allocated pilots (RPA) and pilot non-multiplexing (NPR) according to the present invention; considering a communication system with 20D 2D pairs, the abscissa represents the number of pilots available to D2D users and the ordinate represents the average rate per D2D pair.
Detailed Description
The network diagram of this embodiment is shown in fig. 1, where the communication system has K single antenna pairs D2D and one base station, and the set of pairs D2D is denoted asThe D2D user multiplexes N orthogonal pilots for channel estimation. All transmitters transmit signals using the same time-frequency resources. Recording the pilot matrix of the pilot resource asThe pilot sequence is an orthonormal vector, i.e. omegaHΩ＝IN. To reduce the length of the pilot sequence, the D2D user multiplexes the pilot set omega1,…,ωN}，N<K. The pilot signal received by the D2D receiver k is
Wherein p isiIs the pilot power of D2D transmitter i;is the channel gain of the D2D transmitter i to the D2D receiver k, where vikWhich is indicative of a large scale fading, is,represents a small scale fading; lambda [ alpha ]i∈{ω1,…,ωNDenotes the pilot sequence assigned to D2D pair i;representing additive white noise. The channel gain gikMMSE of (A) can be expressed as
Wherein,indicating the same use as D2D for iSet of D2D pilot sequences. The channel estimation error is recorded asThenAs can be appreciated from the nature of the MMSE estimation,andare independent of each other and satisfy
Wherein,
εik＝vik-δik
to reduce pilot pollution, minimizing the mean square error of the D2D link channel estimate yields the following optimization problem
Wherein,indicating a pilot allocation strategy. The above optimization questionsThe problem is a combinatorial optimization problem, which can use an exhaustive search method to find the optimal solution, but the complexity of the exhaustive search grows exponentially with the number of users. For this purpose, the following method is used for pilot allocation.
As shown in fig. 2, the pilot multiplexing method for D2D communication system of this embodiment includes the following steps:
s1, acquiring large-scale fading coefficients between all D2D pairsWherein v is.*Representing the large scale fading coefficients between pairs D2D and pairs D2D.
And S2, calculating potential interference between any two D2D pairs according to the large-scale fading coefficient.
The potential interference calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula, βikRepresenting potential interference when the same pilot is used between D2D pairs i and D2D pairs k, i, k representing the number of D2D pairs,
s3, selecting the D2D pair k with the largest potential interference from the D2D pair set of unallocated pilots.
Wherein,
s4, selecting pilot frequency omega from pilot frequency resourcemAssigned to the selected D2D pair k^，ωmRepresenting the mth pilot frequency in the pilot frequency resource, wherein m is the number of the D2D pairs of the allocated pilot frequency; and the selected D2D pairs k^Adding to allocated pilotsD2D pair Λ, i.e.
λk^＝ωm,Λ＝Λ∪k^。
S5, judging whether the number of the D2D pairs which are distributed with the pilot frequency is less than the number N of the pilot frequency resources; if yes, return to S3; if not, go to S6.
S6, potential pilots for the D2D pair for each unassigned pilot are calculated.
The potential pilot is the pilot causing the least potential interference to the D2D pair; specifically, the potential pilots of D2D for k are numbered n in the pilot matrixkThe pilot(s) of (a) is (are) transmitted,
and S7, selecting the D2D pair with the largest potential interference from the D2D set of the unallocated pilots.
Wherein, the calculation formula of D2D with the largest potential interference to k' is as follows
S8, allocating potential pilots corresponding to the selected D2D pair to the selected D2D pair, and adding the selected D2D pair to the set of pilot-allocated D2D pairs, that is:Λ＝Λ∪k′.。
and S9, judging whether all the D2D pairs have already distributed the pilot frequency, if not, returning to the step S6, and if so, finishing the pilot frequency distribution.
The simulation verification of the method is carried out, 20D 2D pairs exist in a cell with the radius of 500 m, the path loss obeys exponential distribution with the parameter of 3.7, shadow fading is lognormal distribution with the standard deviation of 8dB, and the pilot frequency transmitting power is 20 mW. As shown in fig. 3, it can be seen that, compared with randomly allocating pilots, the scheme provided by the present invention can effectively improve the user rate; compared with the scene that the pilot frequency is not multiplexed (that is, each D2D pair uses different pilot frequencies), the scheme provided by the invention can effectively reduce the length of the pilot frequency sequence and improve the spectrum efficiency.
While the invention has been described in connection with what is presently considered to be the most practical and preferred embodiment, it is to be understood that the invention is not to be limited to the disclosed embodiment, but on the contrary, is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
Claims (3)
1. A method for multiplexing pilots for a D2D communication system, the method comprising:
s1, acquiring large-scale fading coefficients among all D2D pairs;
s2, calculating potential interference between any two D2D pairs according to the large-scale fading coefficient;
s3, selecting the D2D pair with the largest potential interference from the D2D pair set without the distributed pilot;
s4, selecting pilot frequency omega from pilot frequency resourcemAssign the selected D2D pair and add the selected D2D pair toIn the set of D2D pairs assigned pilots; wherein, ω ismRepresenting the mth pilot frequency in the pilot frequency resource, wherein m is the number of the D2D pairs of the allocated pilot frequency;
s5, judging whether the number of the D2D pairs which are distributed with the pilot frequency is less than the number of the pilot frequency resources; if yes, return to S3; if not, executing S6;
s6, calculating potential pilots of the D2D pairs of each unallocated pilot, wherein the potential pilots cause the least potential interference to the D2D pairs; wherein the potential pilot of D2D pair k is numbered nkThe pilot(s) of (a) is (are) transmitted,wherein N is the number of pilot frequency resources and the pilot frequency matrix isλiDenotes the pilot sequence assigned to D2D pair i, Λ is the set of D2D pairs assigned pilots, βikRepresenting potential interference when the same pilot is used between D2D pairs i and D2D pairs k, i, k representing the number of D2D pairs;
s7, selecting the D2D pair with the largest potential interference from the D2D set of the unallocated pilots;
s8, allocating potential pilots corresponding to the selected D2D pair to the selected D2D pair, and adding the selected D2D pair to the pilot-allocated D2D pair set;
and S9, judging whether all the D2D pairs have already distributed the pilot frequency, if not, returning to the step S6, and if so, finishing the pilot frequency distribution.
2. The pilot multiplexing method for a D2D communication system of claim 1, wherein: the calculation formula of the potential interference in the step S2 is:
in the formula, βikRepresenting potential interference when the same pilot is used between D2D pair i and D2D pair kI, k denote the numbers of pairs D2D,k represents the number of pairs of D2D, v·*Representing the large scale fading coefficients between pairs D2D and pairs D2D.
3. The pilot multiplexing method for a D2D communication system of claim 2, wherein: the calculation formula of the most potentially interfered D2D to k' in the step S7 is
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| CN103379502A (en) * | 2013-07-04 | 2013-10-30 | 西安交通大学 | Spectrum resource distribution method for introducing D2D technology in cellular network |
| WO2016026367A1 (en) * | 2014-08-22 | 2016-02-25 | Beijing Zhigu Rui Tuo Tech Co., Ltd. | Pilot allocation method for multi-antenna system and pilot allocation apparatus |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103379502A (en) * | 2013-07-04 | 2013-10-30 | 西安交通大学 | Spectrum resource distribution method for introducing D2D technology in cellular network |
| WO2016026367A1 (en) * | 2014-08-22 | 2016-02-25 | Beijing Zhigu Rui Tuo Tech Co., Ltd. | Pilot allocation method for multi-antenna system and pilot allocation apparatus |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| "power control in D2D underlay massive MIMO systems with pilot reuse";Hao Xu;《IEEE》;20160707;全文 |
| "smart pilot assignment for massive MIMO";Xudong Zhu;《IEEE》;20150305;全文 |
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