CN106160596A - A kind of startup method of the single-phase DC brushless motor of position-sensor-free - Google Patents
A kind of startup method of the single-phase DC brushless motor of position-sensor-free Download PDFInfo
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- CN106160596A CN106160596A CN201610554152.5A CN201610554152A CN106160596A CN 106160596 A CN106160596 A CN 106160596A CN 201610554152 A CN201610554152 A CN 201610554152A CN 106160596 A CN106160596 A CN 106160596A
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- motor
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P6/00—Arrangements for controlling synchronous motors or other dynamo-electric motors using electronic commutation dependent on the rotor position; Electronic commutators therefor
- H02P6/20—Arrangements for starting
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- Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses the startup method of the single-phase DC brushless motor of a kind of position-sensor-free, including pre-determined bit, dragging, motor synchronizing.It is reached the counter electromotive force after desired speed by detection rotor by dragging and determines rotor-position, and then ensures startup and the operating of motor.This startup method is without installation site sensor, it is to avoid affect motor operating parameter when putting sensor mounting location, such as electric current, speed, output, efficiency etc., if more avoiding installation site deviation relatively big, causes motor to start, dither situation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the single-phase DC brushless motor of position-sensor-free, particularly relate to the list of a kind of position-sensor-free
The startup method of phase DC brushless motor.
Background technology
Single-phase brushless DC motor is the dc motor of a kind of brushless and diverter, uses excitation field to drive and turns
Son, by electronically carrying out galvanic commutation.Commutating period is determined by rotor-position, and position sensor determines that rotor
The critical piece of position.Owing to position sensor exists, motor work is limited by position sensor, position sensor installation position
Put and can affect motor operating parameter, such as electric current, speed, output, efficiency etc., if installation site deviation is relatively big simultaneously, then can
Cause motor to start, dither situation, even appearance damage motor or control system.Use position-sensor-free technology
The most there are not the problems referred to above, position-sensor-free can simplify motor manufacturing, procedure for producing simultaneously, and increases motor application model
Enclose.But prior art still can not solve the starting problem of the Unidirectional direct-current brushless electric machine of position-sensor-free.The application couple
This makes improvements.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide the startup of the single-phase DC brushless motor of a kind of position-sensor-free
Method, solves the startup of the Unidirectional direct-current brushless electric machine of position-sensor-free, it is to avoid the fraud brought due to installation site sensor
End.
The startup method of the single-phase DC brushless motor of a kind of position-sensor-free, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
Pre-determined bit: lead to a fixed-direction electric current to motor winding, force rotor to forward precalculated position to；
Drag: provide power up sequence according to current location, produce and drive signal, allow rotor force commutation, make rotor rotate,
Reach predetermined speed；
Motor synchronizing: after rotor is reached desired speed by dragging, detects counter electromotive force, motor is switched to the automatic control stage,
Realize synchronizing commutation according to rotor-position.
In the startup method of the present invention, the power-on voltage of pre-determined bit is dutycycle 40 to 60%.
In the startup method of the present invention, by position detecting circuit detection motor winding produce in running anti-
Electromotive force.
In the startup method of the present invention, it is two wiring of A, B of motor winding that A_Phase and B_Phase is connected on respectively
End, when motor winding excitation, A, B both end voltage is excitation voltage, when motor winding stops excitation, from the anti-electricity of A, B end detection
Kinetic potential.
In the startup method of the present invention, back-emf voltage is connected to two groups of subtractions through A_Phase and B_Phase
Device, subtracts each other back-emf signal.
This startup method is without installation site sensor, it is to avoid affect motor operating parameter when putting sensor mounting location,
Such as electric current, speed, output, efficiency etc., if more avoiding installation site deviation relatively big, motor is caused to start, high frequency vibrating
Emotionally condition.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the position-sensor-free single-phase brushless direct-current motor structure of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the system construction drawing of the startup method of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the BEMF sample circuit figure of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the BEMF sample waveform figure of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is carried out clear, complete
Describe wholely.
The structure of position-sensor-free single-phase brushless direct-current motor as it is shown in figure 1, it has two pairs of magnetic poles, respectively 1N,
1S, 2N, 2S, corresponding winding is tetra-stator winding of A, B, C, D, and motor internal is without installation site sensor.The present invention is
System structure is as in figure 2 it is shown, U1 is MCU is the total control unit of system, and inside comprises ADC sampling, DAC, built-in comparison
Device, memorizer, arithmetic element etc.；U2 is driver element, provides for metal-oxide-semiconductor and drives signal；U3 is the sampling of BEMF counter electromotive force, complete
Become counter electromotive force sampling and commutation signal output；C1 is bus capacitor, stores for electric energy conversion, discharge, absorbs feedback electric energy；
Q1～Q4 is metal-oxide-semiconductor, forms H bridge, completes motor change of current work；D1～D4 is fly-wheel diode, for electricity in motor commutation course
Machine winding current is released path；I_SENSOR is current sensor, for sample motor electric current.
When motor runs, sense of current is ceaselessly switching, and table 1 describes on off state and the electric current side of Q1～Q4
To corresponding relation.
Table 1
During electric motor starting, in the case of rotating speed is the lowest, the voltage being applied to winding two ends is not having the situation of counter electromotive force
Under can produce the biggest electric current, if this electric current do not limit can cause controller damage or motor overheating burn, the present invention lead to
Over-current sensor will deliver to the built-in comparator of MCU after current sample, arranges current threshold by MCU, when current of electric surpasses
Crossing threshold values, MCU can control drive circuit and be closed by Q1～Q4, disconnects excitation voltage, when winding current drops to safety range,
MCU can reopen excitation.
Motor under static state, owing to there is no position sensor, it is impossible to know rotor current location, therefore cannot give
Go out correct current of electric direction, in this case, it is necessary to rotor is carried out pre-aligned control.The way of pre-determined bit
It is first to provide metal-oxide-semiconductor and drive signal to make current of electric direction be scheduled current direction so that rotor is forced to forward predetermined position to
Putting, it is A-> B that the present invention arranges the pre-determined bit sense of current, so being Q1 and Q4 opens.But the pre-determined bit time can not be oversize, because of
Little for rotor rotation amplitude during location, the mechanical energy that rotor obtains is few, and rotor is held in fixed bit after positioning
Putting motionless, the electric current in motor winding is all for generating heat, so the location of long time can cause, the motor feels hot or panel
Heating, can cause motor or controller to damage time serious.The pre-determined bit time also can not be the shortest, the kinetic energy that too short time rotor obtains
Support that rotor forwards precalculated position to not, then because the opposition of cogging torque causes rotor to return to it again
Front position, causes positioning unsuccessfully.The pre-determined bit time needs depending on reality is measured.After rotor fixed position success, owing to being to set in advance
Fixed position, therefore current rotor position understands.The most just can also can to motor drive current, motor according to current rotor position
Therefore driving force is obtained.
Motor to export bigger torque, needs synchronous excitation motor, but owing to not having position sensor after location, depends on
The old rotor-position that cannot obtain synchronization, so the present invention has used position detecting circuit.Position detecting circuit detection is electricity
The counter electromotive force that machine winding produces in running, as it is shown on figure 3, it is motor winding that A_Phase and B_Phase is connected on respectively
Two terminals of A, B, when motor winding excitation, A, B both end voltage is excitation voltage, when motor winding stop excitation, can
To detect counter electromotive force from A, B end.The essential condition of A_Phase and B_Phase counter electromotive force to be detected is to be carried in winding
The excitation voltage at two ends is that in 0, and winding, electric current is 0, and motor to reach certain rotating speed simultaneously, real anti-electricity just can be detected
Kinetic potential.
After meeting above-mentioned condition, on the testing circuit of Fig. 3, back-emf voltage connects through A_Phase and B_Phase
To two groups of subtractors, back-emf signal is subtracted each other.The reason using subtractor is to prevent point of zero voltage from drifting about, not using
During subtractor, owing to counter electromotive force is when the relatively slow-speed of revolution, voltage magnitude is less, and the point of zero voltage of testing circuit is with panel
GND as reference, have bigger floating, cause detection position deviation occurs, can affect motor drive effect.
The back-emf signal that A, B two ends detect is a sine wave signal, but the such as Fig. 4 of the waveform on side circuit
Shown in, the signal detected on A_Phase, is the square wave according to driving voltage change in the presence of having driving voltage
Signal, only under conditions of closing driving, just can detect back-emf signal, and on Fig. 4, ta-tb section is only real anti-electricity
Electromotive force signal, and B_Phase voltage now is 0V, so A_Phase voltage is higher than B_Phase, therefore selects this subtraction of A-B
Device；When running to another cycle to rotor, such as tc-td section, B_Phase voltage can be higher than A_Phase so to select
Select B-A subtractor.
After getting counter electromotive force of motor signal, an input of comparator can be inputted, such as Fig. 4.And comparator
Another input signal be the voltage setting value COMP_SET of MCU, this value is to be exported by the DAC that MCU is built-in to compare
Device.By changing the value of COMP_SET, can arrange back emf detector output time, this moment can be used to realize
Commutation excitation in advance.When needs commutation excitation in advance, COMP_SET is set greater than the setting value of 0, this value by with
Counter electromotive force compares, and can get the BEMF_OUT signal being ahead of counter electromotive force zero passage, and this signal delivers to MCU,
MCU comes in advance to winding excitation by controlling drive circuit.
Owing to counter electromotive position detecting circuit needs just can play a role at certain rotating speed, so needing after pre-determined bit
Rotor is carried out separate excitation dragging.Excitation time and change of current frequency requirement that separate excitation drags are relatively stricter, and not so motor is not
Certain rotating speed can be dragged to smoothly, and excitation time and change of current frequency can be affected by load and excitation voltage level.
The present invention is applied to this fan-type load of vacuum cleaner, and load situation of change is less, and when dragging, impact can relatively be encouraged
Magnetoelectricity voltage levels is little.Excitation time and the impact of change of current frequency, the present invention are used according to Voltage Establishment table by excitation voltage
Lattice, carry out classification, excitation time and change of current frequency and excitation voltage opening relationships by difference voltage levvl, and concrete data want root
Measure according to practical situation.When motor speed drags to 20000～30000RPM, just can carry out position detection, detect correct
Behind position, it is switched to synchronous excitation.Detected for counter electromotive position, owing to being applied with excitation voltage situation at winding opportunity
Under, it is impossible to detection counter electromotive force, therefore need to close before back-emf signal to be detected to drive excitation signal.Close and drive letter
Number time can affect the torque of motor, the shut-in time is long, and excitation time can be made inadequate, and being interrupted occurs in motor torque, shadow
Ring motor speed, and produce bigger torque ripple.Close and drive signal time the shortest, counter electromotive force detection can be affected.?
When closing driving signal, due to inductive load during motor winding, the motor winding a large amount of electric currents of residual need approach and release, motor
Electric current in winding is not released, and also can find out counter electromotive force detection abnormal.
In motor winding, electric current because tetra-metal-oxide-semiconductors of Q1～Q4 are closed can flow through, by electric energy from sustained diode 1～D4
Fill back bus.During electric current afterflow, owing to afterflow diode turns on, A, B winding both end voltage is busbar voltage, counter electromotive force
Undetectable, need to treat that electric current afterflow completes, just can detect that true counter electromotive force.Therefore motor cuts out the moment and motor driven
Rotating speed is relevant with current of electric, and the method that the present invention uses is to use the fixing pass angle of rupture, and this angle conversion becomes the time, then this
The individual time can change along with the change of speed, but is fixing in the ratio shared by motor cycle of operation.
The foregoing is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, all essences in the present invention
Within god and principle, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvement etc. made, should be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. the startup method of the single-phase DC brushless motor of a position-sensor-free, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
Pre-determined bit: lead to a fixed-direction electric current to motor winding, force rotor to forward precalculated position to；
Drag: provide power up sequence according to current location, produce and drive signal, allow rotor force commutation, make rotor rotate, reach
Predetermined speed；
Motor synchronizing: after rotor is reached desired speed by dragging, detects counter electromotive force, motor is switched to the automatic control stage, it is achieved
Commutation is synchronized according to rotor-position.
Startup method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the power-on voltage of pre-determined bit be dutycycle 40 to
60%.
Startup method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that by position detecting circuit detection motor winding in fortune
The counter electromotive force produced during row.
Startup method the most according to claim 3, it is characterised in that A_Phase and B_Phase is connected on respectively be motor around
Two terminals of A, B of group, when motor winding excitation, A, B both end voltage is excitation voltage, when motor winding stops excitation,
Counter electromotive force is detected from A, B end.
Startup method the most according to claim 4, it is characterised in that back-emf voltage is through A_Phase and B_Phase
It is connected to two groups of subtractors, back-emf signal is subtracted each other.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610554152.5A CN106160596A (en) | 2016-07-14 | 2016-07-14 | A kind of startup method of the single-phase DC brushless motor of position-sensor-free |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610554152.5A CN106160596A (en) | 2016-07-14 | 2016-07-14 | A kind of startup method of the single-phase DC brushless motor of position-sensor-free |
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| CN106160596A true CN106160596A (en) | 2016-11-23 |
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| CN201610554152.5A Pending CN106160596A (en) | 2016-07-14 | 2016-07-14 | A kind of startup method of the single-phase DC brushless motor of position-sensor-free |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108964533A (en) * | 2018-08-22 | 2018-12-07 | 惠州市蓝微电子有限公司 | The control circuit and starting method of single-phase DC brushless motor position-sensor-free |
| EP3783794A1 (en) * | 2019-08-22 | 2021-02-24 | LG Electronics Inc. -1- | Method and apparatus for detecting rotor magnetic pole position in a single-phase bldc motor |
| CN114172418A (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2022-03-11 | 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 | Motor current sensor state detection system and method |
| CN115213923A (en) * | 2022-09-20 | 2022-10-21 | 深圳市欢创科技有限公司 | Rotary base, distance measuring device and mobile robot |
| US12015368B2 (en) | 2019-03-28 | 2024-06-18 | Dyson Technology Limited | Method of determining a position of a rotor of a brushless permanent magnet motor |
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| US20100119386A1 (en) * | 2008-11-13 | 2010-05-13 | Ravishanker Krishnamoorthy | Motor control system |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108964533A (en) * | 2018-08-22 | 2018-12-07 | 惠州市蓝微电子有限公司 | The control circuit and starting method of single-phase DC brushless motor position-sensor-free |
| CN108964533B (en) * | 2018-08-22 | 2021-07-13 | 惠州市蓝微电子有限公司 | Control circuit and starting method of single-phase direct-current brushless motor position-sensorless |
| US12015368B2 (en) | 2019-03-28 | 2024-06-18 | Dyson Technology Limited | Method of determining a position of a rotor of a brushless permanent magnet motor |
| EP3783794A1 (en) * | 2019-08-22 | 2021-02-24 | LG Electronics Inc. -1- | Method and apparatus for detecting rotor magnetic pole position in a single-phase bldc motor |
| US11283379B2 (en) | 2019-08-22 | 2022-03-22 | Lg Electronics Inc. | Method and apparatus for detecting rotor magnetic pole position in a single-phase BLDC motor |
| CN114172418A (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2022-03-11 | 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 | Motor current sensor state detection system and method |
| CN114172418B (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2024-03-15 | 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 | Motor current sensor state detection system and method |
| CN115213923A (en) * | 2022-09-20 | 2022-10-21 | 深圳市欢创科技有限公司 | Rotary base, distance measuring device and mobile robot |
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Application publication date: 20161123 |