A kind of clear priming paint of the anti-tannic acid of aqueous one-component and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The invention belongs to fine new material technology field, particularly relate to a kind of clear priming paint of the anti-tannic acid of aqueous one-component and
Preparation method.
Background technology
With the raising of people's environmental consciousness, house ornamentation water paint can increasingly be welcome by everybody surely.Water paint is
Environmentally friendly coatings with water as decentralized medium, but owing to lumber fibre has hydrophily, the tannic acid in timber is same
There is hydrophily, therefore, in the case of using water paint as timber priming paint, if the anti-tannic acid ability of priming paint, easily go out
Tannic acid in existing timber migrates to film coated surface, and to cause priming paint paint film to send out crow unlimpid, the phenomenon that after finish, timber turns yellow,
Have a strong impact on the quality of product.Additionally, existing woodenware priming paint there is also the defect being difficult to polishing after being dried.
Therefore, in order to solve priming paint anti-tannic acid ability, priming paint paint film is difficult to the problem of polishing, studies novel aqueous
Priming paint is particularly important.
Content of the invention
Defect that the purpose of the present invention exists for prior art and deficiency, provide a kind of anti-tannic acid of aqueous one-component clear
Priming paint and preparation method thereof, it is strong that this clear priming paint has anti-tannic acid ability, can effectively prevent tannic acid from migrating, gained priming paint paint film
Limpid do not send out crow, easily polish, the feature not turned yellow after finish.
To achieve these goals, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that
A kind of clear priming paint of the anti-tannic acid of aqueous one-component, by priming paint and water according to weight ratio (70-100): (5-10) mixes
Forming, wherein, described priming paint is prepared by each component including following weight portion:
Wherein, emulsion acrylic resin preferred viscosities≤1000cP, solid content >=40%, pH value is the product of 7-9;Selfing
Connection type emulsion acrylic resin preferred viscosities≤500cP, solid content >=40%, pH value is the product of 7-9, such as acrylic resin
Emulsion can use the S5539 product of Shanghai Zhanchen Paint Co., Ltd.;Self-cross linking type emulsion acrylic resin can use Bugle
The S5540 product of occasion coating Co., Ltd.
Inventor finds under study for action, the clear priming paint being individually prepared from emulsion acrylic resin for primary raw material, main
The problem of grinability difference to be also existed;And the clear priming paint being individually prepared from self-cross linking type resin emulsion for primary raw material, main
The problem that there is anti-tannic acid difference.Present inventors have unexpectedly found that, when by emulsion acrylic resin and self-cross linking type resin emulsion
When being used in mixed way, and when the amount ratio controlling the two is about 1:1, the clear priming paint of gained has optimal sealing property, Neng Gouyou
Effect prevents tannic acid from migrating, and in addition, paint film also has splendid sanding property.
Specifically, the major ingredient of the present invention is emulsion acrylic resin and self-cross linking type emulsion acrylic resin, and they have
Having extraordinary endurance and anti-caking, transparency is high, the features such as scratch resistance is good, drastically increases aqueous one-component and resists
The transparency of the clear priming paint of tannic acid and richness etc..Wherein, selected emulsion acrylic resin makes full use of vegatable tannin acid and gold
Belonging to the characteristic of ion complexation, by the metal ion in emulsion acrylic resin, substantial amounts of phenolic hydroxyl group is complexed with tannic acid,
Form a kind of five yuan of highly stable chela ring structures between catechol base and metal ion, thus form one layer on material
Fine and close paint film such that it is able to effectively prevent the migration of tannic acid.Selected self-cross linking type emulsion acrylic resin drying speed, polishing
Property is good.Use the mode of emulsion acrylic resin and self-cross linking type emulsion acrylic resin blending, the not only anti-tannin of gained paint film
Acid excellent performance, and it is dried easily polishing rapidly, be conducive to improving the coating efficiency etc. of streamline.
Preferably, when the weight of described self-cross linking type emulsion acrylic resin and emulsion acrylic resin is than for 1:(1-
1.2) when, clear priming paint of the present invention has optimal effect, and anti-tannic acid performance is optimal, and coating does not send out crow, and cover is constant
Huang, and construction good leveling property, it is easy to polishing.
In order to further ensure that the effect of clear priming paint, described clear priming paint thickener, coalescents, levelling are also added with
The auxiliary agents such as agent, bactericide, defoamer.
Wherein, the thickener of employing includes inorganic thickening agent, polyurethane thickener, cellulose thickener three kinds.Preferably,
The consumption of described inorganic thickening agent is 0.2-0.5 part, and the consumption of described polyurethane thickener is 0.1-0.3 part, described cellulose
The consumption of class thickener is 0.1-0.3 part.
It is further preferred that described inorganic thickening agent is selected from the ST-A of Anji County, Zhejiang Province Tian Long bentonite Co., Ltd, Beijing
One or more in the pioneering C-212 of nanosecond science and technology Co., Ltd, the SB-H of Anji County, Zhejiang Province county Rong Jian mineral products refinery, for example
The C-212 of optional Beijing Shouchuang Nano Techn Co., Ltd..Described polyurethane thickener is selected from Rhom and Hass
Acrysol RM-2020NPR, Acrysol RM-8W, Changfeng Chemical Plant, Shanghai PUR-2025 in one or more, for example
The Acrysol RM-8W model of optional Rhom and Hass.Described cellulose thickening is selected from the limited public affairs of sea river new material science and technology
The ME20000R of department, the HEC of Shangyu, Zhejiang Hai Shen Chemical Co., Ltd., the Cellosize of Beijing Xing Meiya Chemical Co., Ltd.
In one or more, for example may select Beijing Xing Meiya Chemical Co., Ltd. Cellosize.
The defoamer using includes organic siloxane class defoamer, polyether-modified silicon class defoamer, self-emulsifying class defoamer
Three kinds;Preferably, the consumption of described organosiloxane class defoamer is 0.2-0.5 part, described polyether-modified silicon class defoamer
Consumption is 0.2-0.5 part, and the consumption of described self-emulsifying class defoamer is 0.2-0.5 part.
It is further preferred that described organosiloxane class defoamer selected from Germany BYK chemical company BYK-024,
One or more in BYK025, BYK028, the preferably BYK-024 of BYK company of Germany.Described polyether-modified silicon class defoamer selects
One in TEGO Airex 901W, the TEGO foamex 825 of EVONIK company, the BYK020 of BYK chemical company of Germany
Or multiple, the TEGO foamex 825 of preferably EVONIK company.Described self-emulsifying class defoamer is selected from De Qian Chemical Co., Ltd.
Defoamer A136, one or more in the TEGO Foamex K3 of Defoamer A363, TEGO chemical company, for example
The TEGO Foamex K3 of optional TEGO chemical company.
Described bactericide is selected from the aqueous chlormethylisothiazo,ine ketone (CMI) without N-/O-formal, the different thiophene of aqueous dimethylformamide
One or more in oxazoline ketone (MI), bronocot.Preferably Parmetol A 28 (its of Shu Mei company of Germany
Be mainly composed of CMI/MI and bronocot mixture), Parmetol K20 (it is mainly composed of CMI/MI mixture),
One or more in the LXE bactericide of ROHM AND HAAS or Britain's Shu Er MV bactericide.
Described coalescents is selected from 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3 pentanediol mono isobutyrates, propane diols phenylate (PPH), esters
One or more in high boiling mixture (GVE), tripropylene glycol n-butyl ether (TPnB).The TPnB (3 third of preferably Tao Shi
Glycol n-butyl ether) or Yi Siman chemistry PPH (propane diols phenylate).
Described levelling agent is selected from Levaslip the 409th, Levaslip the 455th, the BYK company of Germany of De Qian Chemical Co., Ltd.
BYK333 in one or more, for example may select BYK company BYK333.
Described water is preferably deionized water.
As the present invention preferably technical scheme, the priming paint in the clear priming paint of the anti-tannic acid of described aqueous one-component by include as
Each component of lower weight portion prepares:
Present invention simultaneously provides the preparation method of above-mentioned clear priming paint, comprise the steps:
(1) emulsion acrylic resin and self-cross linking type emulsion acrylic resin are stirred;
(2) in the mixture of step (1), add bactericide and inorganic thickening agent, stir, by organosiloxane class
It after defoamer and part water latting drown stir evenly, is added thereto, is uniformly dispersed;
(3), by coalescents, after polyether-modified silicon class defoamer and levelling agent mix, add in the mixture of step (2),
Stir, be subsequently adding polyurethane thickener, be uniformly dispersed;
(4), after self-emulsifying class defoamer and part water latting drown being stirred evenly, add in the mixture of step (3), be uniformly dispersed;
(5) adding cellulose thickener and water in the mixture of step (4), it is qualified to viscosity to stir.
Wherein, " disperse " to use agitating device well known in the art to realize, usually, during adding material, stir
The speeds control mixed is at 600-800r/min, after material adds, improves rotating speed and carries out high speed dispersion, and for example, rotating speed can be
1000-1200r/min.Described " being uniformly dispersed " is advisable with the scraper plate oil-free whirlpool in dispersion cylinder, General Decentralized 15-30min.
The present invention preferably preparation method comprises the steps:
(1) emulsion acrylic resin and self-cross linking type emulsion acrylic resin are mixed, divide with 600-800r/min rotating speed
Dissipate 3-7min;
(2) in the mixture of step (1), add bactericide and inorganic thickening agent, stir, by organosiloxane class
It after defoamer and part water latting drown stir evenly, is added thereto, disperse 15-20min with 1000-1200r/min rotating speed;
(3), by coalescents, after polyether-modified silicon class defoamer and levelling agent mix, add in the mixture of step (2),
Stir, be subsequently adding polyurethane thickener, disperse 15-30min with 1000-1200r/min;
(4), after self-emulsifying class defoamer and part water latting drown being stirred evenly, add in the mixture of step (3), with 1000-
1200r/min disperses 15-30min;
(5) adding cellulose thickener and water in the mixture of step (4), it is qualified to viscosity to stir.
Step of the present invention (2), (3), (5) all add thickener, but the species of thickener is different, specifically, in step
Suddenly (2) add the purpose of inorganic type thickener to be an up the viscosity of emulsion, there is the not outer effect spattered of high speed dispersion;In step
Suddenly (3) add the purpose of polyurethane type thickener to be an up the viscosity of slurry, there is the effect improving shearing force;In step
(5) purpose adding cellulase type thickener in is regulation viscosity, has thixotropic effects.
Similarly, step (2), (3), (4) all add defoamer, but the species of defoamer is different, specifically, in step
Suddenly the purpose adding organosiloxane type defoamer in (2) is to eliminate the bubble producing because of mechanical agitation, has high speed dispersion
When suppression cylinder in produce foam effect;The purpose adding polyether type defoamer in step (3) is to plant in slurry system
Enter defoamer, there is construction defoaming effect;The purpose adding self-emulsifying type defoamer in step (4) is to adjust viscous froth breaking, tool
Bubble-tight effect when having packaging.
In preparation method, in addition to step (1) is mainly to mix, other steps are all to add auxiliary agent, and the present invention uses
Specific auxiliary agent feed postition has energy-saving and cost-reducing high-quality and efficient advantage, and specifically, step is simultaneously introduced sterilization in (2)
Agent, thickener, the effect of defoamer are that high speed dispersion is not excessive in cylinder, have the performance of quick froth breaking, and then reach energy-saving and cost-reducing
Purpose.Be simultaneously introduced coalescents in step (3), levelling agent, thickener, the effect of defoamer are to implant in slurry system
Defoamer, contributes to improving/improving the performance of the construction in later period froth breaking of product.Step (4) and (5) add respectively defoamer and
The effect of thickener is to adjust viscous froth breaking, the performance of froth breaking when contributing to improving product packaging, and then reaches high-quality and efficient purpose.
The present invention is by the determination to major ingredient and auxiliary material, it is determined that the formula of the clear priming paint of the anti-tannic acid of aqueous one-component,
This paint is through being detected and used proof, and its properties all meets national standard, and good leveling property of constructing, froth breaking is fast;Film has
Bubble is few, and transparency is good, easily polishes, the excellent feature of anti-tannic acid performance, with finish paint with the use of when, tannin can be effective against
Acid migrates and does not cause finish paint to turn yellow.
The all commercially available acquisition of the raw material that the present invention relates to and reagent, the operation relating to is this area customary technical operation.
The μ g that " weight portion " that the present invention relates to is known in the art, the unit of weight such as mg, g, kg, or be its multiple, as
1/100,1/10,10 times, 100 times etc.
On the basis of meeting common sense in the field, above-mentioned each optimum condition, can be mutually combined, obtain the present invention each preferably
Embodiment.
Detailed description of the invention
Following example are used for illustrating the present invention, but are not limited to the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
A kind of clear priming paint of the anti-tannic acid of aqueous one-component, is mixed than 100:5 according to weight by priming paint and water, wherein,
Described priming paint is composed of the following components:
A1: emulsion acrylic resin: 40%;
A2: self-cross linking type emulsion acrylic resin: 35%:
B1: bactericide: 0.1%;
B2: inorganic thickening agent 0.2%;
B3: organosiloxane class defoamer 0.2%;
B4: water 6%;
C1: coalescents: 3%;
C2: polyether-modified silicon class defoamer: 0.2%;
C3: levelling agent: 0.2%;
C4: polyurethane thickener: 0.1%;
D1: water: 12%;
D2: self-emulsifying class defoamer: 0.2%;
E1: cellulose thickener: 0.1%;
E2: water: 2.7%.
Wherein, A1 is the S5539 emulsion of Shanghai Zhanchen Paint Co., Ltd.;
A2 is the S5540 emulsion of Shanghai Zhanchen Paint Co., Ltd.;
B1 is the MV bactericide of Shure Inc of Britain;
B2 is the C-212 thickener of Beijing Shouchuang Nano Techn Co., Ltd.;
B3 is the BYK-024 defoamer of BYK chemical company of Germany;
C1 is the TPnB coalescents of Tao Shi;
C2 is TEGO foamex 825 defoamer of EVONIK company;
C3 is the BYK333 levelling agent of BYK company;
C4 is the Acrysol RM-8W thickener of Rhom and Hass;
D2 is the TEGO Foamex K3 defoamer of TEGO chemical company;
E1 is the Cellosize thickener of Beijing Xing Meiya Chemical Co., Ltd..
Embodiment 2
A kind of clear priming paint of the anti-tannic acid of aqueous one-component, is mixed than 100:5 according to weight by priming paint and water, wherein,
Described priming paint is composed of the following components:
A1: emulsion acrylic resin: 45%;
A2: self-cross linking type emulsion acrylic resin: 40%:
B1: bactericide: 0.2%;
B2: inorganic thickening agent 0.5%;
B3: organosiloxane class defoamer 0.5%;
B4: water 2%;
C1: coalescents: 5%;
C2: organosiloxane class defoamer: 0.5%;
C3: levelling agent: 0.6%;
C4: polyurethane thickener: 0.3%;
D1: water: 3%;
D2: self-emulsifying class defoamer: 0.5%;
E1: cellulose thickener: 0.3%;
E2: water: 1.6%.
Wherein, A1 is the S5539 emulsion of Shanghai Zhanchen Paint Co., Ltd.;
A2 is the S5540 emulsion of Shanghai Zhanchen Paint Co., Ltd.;
B1 is the MV bactericide of Shure Inc of Britain;
B2 is the C-212 thickener of Beijing Shouchuang Nano Techn Co., Ltd.;
B3 is the BYK-024 defoamer of BYK chemical company of Germany;
C1 is the TPnB coalescents of Tao Shi;
C2 is TEGO foamex 825 defoamer of EVONIK company;
C3 is the BYK333 levelling agent of BYK company;
C4 is the Acrysol RM-8W thickener of Rhom and Hass;
D2 is the TEGO Foamex K3 defoamer of TEGO chemical company;
E1 is the Cellosize thickener of Beijing Xing Meiya Chemical Co., Ltd..
Embodiment 3
This embodiment provides the preparation method of the clear priming paint described in embodiment 1, comprises the steps:
(1), after putting into described material A 1-A2 successively in dispersion cylinder, 5min is disperseed with 600-800r/min rotating speed;
(2) put into B1, B2 material, stir, in volume bucket, B3 B4 latting drown is stirred evenly, be slowly added to cylinder in wire
In, with 1000-1200r/min rotating speed dispersion 15-20min to scraper plate oil-free whirlpool;
(3) by C1, C2, C3 mix in volume bucket, are slowly added in wire in cylinder, under moderate-speed mixer, are slowly added to
C4, contracts to scraper plate oil-free with 1000-1200r/min rotating speed dispersion 15-30min;
(4) in volume bucket, D1 D2 latting drown is stirred evenly, be slowly added in wire in cylinder, with 1000-1200r/min rotating speed
15-20min is to scraper plate oil-free whirlpool in dispersion;
(5) E1 is weighed accurately, is initially charged the addition of half, middling speed stir evenly after measurement viscosity after again take the circumstances into consideration add E1 or
E2 is until viscosity is qualified.
Embodiment 4
This embodiment provides the preparation method of clear priming paint described in embodiment 2, similar to Example 3.
Comparative example 1
A kind of clear priming paint of the anti-tannic acid of aqueous one-component, composed of the following components:
A1: emulsion acrylic resin: 75%;
B1: bactericide: 0.1%;
B2: inorganic thickening agent 0.2%;
B3: organosiloxane class defoamer 0.2%;
B4: water 6%;
C1: coalescents: 3%;
C2: polyether-modified silicon class defoamer: 0.2%;
C3: levelling agent: 0.2%;
C4: polyurethane thickener: 0.1%;
D1: water: 12%;
D2: self-emulsifying class defoamer: 0.2%;
E1: cellulose thickener: 0.1%;
E2: water: 2.7%.
Wherein, A1 is the S5539 emulsion of Shanghai Zhanchen Paint Co., Ltd.;
B1 is the MV bactericide of Shure Inc of Britain;
B2 is the ST-A thickener of Anji County, Zhejiang Province Tian Long bentonite Co., Ltd;
B3 is the BYK-028 defoamer of BYK chemical company of Germany;
C1 is the TPnB coalescents of Tao Shi;
C2 is the BYK020 defoamer of BYK chemical company of Germany;
C3 is the BYK333 levelling agent of BYK company;
C4 is the PUR-2025 thickener of Changfeng Chemical Plant, Shanghai;
D2 is the Defoamer A136 defoamer of De Qian Chemical Co., Ltd.;
E1 is the HEC thickener of Shangyu, Zhejiang Hai Shen Chemical Co., Ltd..
Comparative example 2
A kind of clear priming paint of the anti-tannic acid of aqueous one-component, composed of the following components:
A1: emulsion acrylic resin: 75%;
B1: bactericide: 0.1%;
B2: inorganic thickening agent 0.2%;
B3: organosiloxane class defoamer 0.2%;
B4: water 6%;
C1: coalescents: 3%;
C2: polyether-modified silicon class defoamer: 0.2%;
C3: levelling agent: 0.2%;
C4: polyurethane thickener: 0.1%;
D1: water: 12%;
D2: self-emulsifying class defoamer: 0.2%;
E1: cellulose thickener: 0.1%;
E2: water: 2.7%.
Wherein, A1 is the S5539 emulsion of Shanghai Zhanchen Paint Co., Ltd.;
B1 is the MV bactericide of Shure Inc of Britain;
B2 is the ST-A thickener of Anji County, Zhejiang Province Tian Long bentonite Co., Ltd;
The BYK-028 defoamer of BYK chemical company of Germany is changed to the BYK-024 defoamer of BYK chemical company of Germany by B3;
C1 is the TPnB coalescents of Tao Shi;
The BYK020 defoamer of BYK chemical company of Germany is changed to TEGO foamex 825 froth breaking of EVONIK company by C2
Agent;
C3 is the BYK333 levelling agent of BYK company;
C4 is the PUR-2025 thickener of Changfeng Chemical Plant, Shanghai;
The Defoamer A136 defoamer of De Qian Chemical Co., Ltd. is changed to the TEGO of TEGO chemical company by D2
Foamex K3 defoamer;
E1 is the HEC thickener of Shangyu, Zhejiang Hai Shen Chemical Co., Ltd..
Comparative example 3
A kind of clear priming paint of the anti-tannic acid of aqueous one-component, composed of the following components:
A1: self-cross linking type emulsion acrylic resin: 75%;
B1: bactericide: 0.1%;
B2: inorganic thickening agent 0.2%;
B3: organosiloxane class defoamer 0.2%;
B4: water 6%;
C1: coalescents: 3%;
C2: polyether-modified silicon class defoamer: 0.2%;
C3: levelling agent: 0.2%;
C4: polyurethane thickener: 0.1%;
D1: water: 12%;
D2: self-emulsifying class defoamer: 0.2%;
E1: cellulose thickener: 0.1%;
E2: water: 2.7%.
Wherein, the S5539 emulsion of Shanghai Zhanchen Paint Co., Ltd. is changed to Shanghai Zhanchen Paint Co., Ltd. by A1
S5540 self-crosslinking acrylic resin emulsion;
B1 is the MV bactericide of Shure Inc of Britain;
The ST-A thickener of Anji County, Zhejiang Province Tian Long bentonite Co., Ltd is changed to Beijing and initiates the limited public affairs of nanosecond science and technology by B2
The C-212 thickener of department;
B3 is the BYK-024 defoamer of BYK chemical company of Germany;
C1 is the TPnB coalescents of Tao Shi;
C2 is TEGO foamex 825 defoamer of EVONIK company;
C3 is the BYK333 levelling agent of BYK company;
The PUR-2025 thickener of Changfeng Chemical Plant, Shanghai is changed to the Acrysol RM-8W thickening of Rhom and Hass by C4
Agent;
D2 is the TEGO Foamex K3 defoamer of TEGO chemical company;
The HEC thickener of Shangyu, Zhejiang Hai Shen Chemical Co., Ltd. is changed to Beijing Xing Meiya Chemical Co., Ltd. by E1
Cellosize thickener.
Detecting the product of embodiment 1, testing result is as shown in table 1, the testing result of embodiment 2 product with etc
Seemingly, national standard is all met.
Table 1: embodiment 1 Product checking result
Sequence number |
Detection project |
Unit |
Standard requires |
Assay |
Individual event conclusion |
1 |
State in a reservoir |
—— |
In uniformly without lump after stirring |
Meet |
Qualified |
2 |
Application property |
—— |
Apply accessible |
Meet |
Qualified |
3 |
Drying time (surface drying) |
min |
≤30 |
20 |
Qualified |
4 |
Drying time (does solid work) |
h |
≤6 |
3 |
Qualified |
5 |
Bin stability (50 DEG C, 7d) |
—— |
Without exception |
Meet |
Qualified |
6 |
Grinability |
—— |
Easily polishing |
Meet |
Qualified |
7 |
Non-volatile content |
% |
≥30 |
35 |
Qualified |
8 |
The transparency |
—— |
Good |
Meet |
Qualified |
9 |
Anti-tannin is acid |
—— |
Good |
Meet |
Qualified |
10 |
Bubble |
—— |
Few |
Meet |
Qualified |
By the embodiment of the present invention 1, product 1,2 is sold in city, and the properties of product of comparative example 1-3 contrast, result such as table 2 institute
Show:
Table 2: properties of product comparing result
Sequence number |
Inspection project |
Embodiment 1 |
Product 1 is sold in city |
Product 2 is sold in city |
Comparative example 1 |
Comparative example 2 |
Comparative example 3 |
1 |
Surface drying |
20 |
25 |
30 |
25 |
25 |
15 |
2 |
Do solid work |
3 |
5.5 |
6 |
4 |
4 |
2 |
3 |
Bubble |
Few |
Many |
A lot |
Many |
More |
Few |
4 |
The transparency |
Good |
Typically |
Difference |
Difference |
Typically |
Good |
5 |
Anti-tannin is acid |
Excellent |
Good |
Typically |
Excellent |
Excellent |
Typically |
6 |
Grinability |
Good |
Typically |
Good |
Typically |
Typically |
Excellent |
Wherein, pin product 1 in city's closes clear priming paint for Bugle occasion company aqueous wooden ware, and it is mainly composed of acrylic resin
Emulsion;City's pin product 2 is Shenzhen Zhan Chen company aqueous wooden ware seal coat, and it is mainly composed of self-cross linking type acrylic resin breast
Liquid.
As can be seen from Table 1 and Table 2, the product properties of the present invention all meets national standard, compared with other products,
Construction good leveling property, froth breaking is fast, and it is few that film has bubble, and transparency is good, and anti-tannin acidity is excellent, and coating does not send out crow, and cover is constant
Yellow feature.
Although, above used general explanation, detailed description of the invention and test, made detailed retouching to the present invention
Stating, but on the basis of the present invention, can making some modifications or improvements it, this is apparent to those skilled in the art
's.Therefore, these modifications or improvements without departing from theon the basis of the spirit of the present invention, belong to claimed
Scope.