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CN106098858A - A kind of cadmium telluride preparation method of solar battery - Google Patents

A kind of cadmium telluride preparation method of solar battery Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106098858A
CN106098858A CN201610680785.0A CN201610680785A CN106098858A CN 106098858 A CN106098858 A CN 106098858A CN 201610680785 A CN201610680785 A CN 201610680785A CN 106098858 A CN106098858 A CN 106098858A
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China
Prior art keywords
cadmium
deposition
layer
thin film
solar battery
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CN201610680785.0A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
蓝仕虎
何光俊
陈金良
齐鹏飞
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Zhongshan Ruike New Energy Co Ltd
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Zhongshan Ruike New Energy Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201610680785.0A priority Critical patent/CN106098858A/en
Publication of CN106098858A publication Critical patent/CN106098858A/en
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/18Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L31/1828Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof the active layers comprising only AIIBVI compounds, e.g. CdS, ZnS, CdTe
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/06Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by potential barriers
    • H01L31/072Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by potential barriers the potential barriers being only of the PN heterojunction type
    • H01L31/073Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by potential barriers the potential barriers being only of the PN heterojunction type comprising only AIIBVI compound semiconductors, e.g. CdS/CdTe solar cells
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/18Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L31/1828Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof the active layers comprising only AIIBVI compounds, e.g. CdS, ZnS, CdTe
    • H01L31/1836Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof the active layers comprising only AIIBVI compounds, e.g. CdS, ZnS, CdTe comprising a growth substrate not being an AIIBVI compound
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/543Solar cells from Group II-VI materials
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of cadmium telluride preparation method of solar battery, comprise the following steps: (A) provides substrate;(B) transparent conductive oxide film is deposited on the substrate;(C) in transparent conductive oxide film surface deposition two-layer or the cadmium sulphide membrane of multilamellar, during the cadmium sulfide thin film deposition of different layers, different technical parameters is used;(D) on described cadmium sulphide membrane, Cadimium telluride thin film is deposited;(E) described Cadimium telluride thin film is carried out surface process;(F) buffer layer on Cadimium telluride thin film after the treatment;(G) metal back electrode is deposited at described buffer-layer surface;(H) battery after deposition metal back electrode is carried out annealing lamination.The method of the present invention is by dividing bilayer or multilamellar to deposit CdS Window layer, can be in the gross thickness reducing CdS Window layer, density difference also changes film layer surface topography, can effectively reduce the pin hole of film surface, thus improve the performance of cadmium telluride diaphragm solar battery.

Description

A kind of cadmium telluride preparation method of solar battery
Technical field
The present invention relates to photovoltaic solar cell technical field, especially a kind of cadmium telluride preparation method of solar battery.
Background technology
Along with the worsening shortages of the energy, the development and utilization of solar energy is paid attention to by people increasingly.On market bigger to area, In hgher efficiency, and the demand of the lower novel solar battery of production cost increases day by day.At photovoltaic cell field, cadmium telluride (CdTe) thin film solar cell because of itself intrinsic material property and he development process, be easy to large area continuous prodution etc. Advantage, receives significant attention.Cadmium telluride (CdTe) is the material of typical polycrystalline structure, and it has preferable 1.45-1.5eV's Band gap, and be the semi-conducting material of a kind of direct band gap, absorptance is at 5 × 105cm-1, therefore have only to the thickness of several microns Material just can prepare high efficiency solaode, be a kind of efficiently, the thin film solar electricity that stable, relative cost is low Pond.And cadmium telluride (CdTe) film solar battery structure is simple, easily accomplish scale production, be recent domestic too One of focus of sun energy battery research, especially in field of thin film solar cells.
Cadmium telluride (CdTe) thin-film solar cells is mainly by cadmium sulfide (CdS) and p-type cadmium telluride (CdTe) group of N-shaped Becoming, the method depositing CdS, CdTe at present mainly has electrochemical deposition method, radio frequency sputtering method, vacuum vapor deposition method, spray pyrolysis Method, close spaced sublimation method, gas phase transport sedimentation etc..Cadmium telluride diaphragm solar battery film layer prepared by gas phase transport sedimentation Quality is good, sedimentation rate is high, crystallite dimension is big, utilization rate of raw materials advantages of higher, it is easy to realizes industrialization and produces.
Cadmium sulfide (CdS) as the Window layer of cadmium telluride diaphragm solar battery, in order to reduce photoelectric transformation efficiency QE and The loss of the density of short circuit current Isc, CdS must be sufficiently thin, but topmost problem be when the thickness of CdS less than 50 ~ The when of 100nm, due to TCO(conductive oxide film) nonuniform deposition on surface, substantial amounts of pin holes(pin can be formed Hole) and the discontinuity of thin film, cause solar cell properties to reduce.In order to improve the property of cadmium telluride diaphragm solar battery Can, while reducing CdS thickness, it is necessary to reduce the formation of pin holes.
Summary of the invention
For solving above-mentioned technical problem, it is an object of the present invention to provide a kind of cadmium telluride preparation method of solar battery.
The technical solution used in the present invention is:
A kind of cadmium telluride preparation method of solar battery, comprises the following steps: (A) provides substrate;(B) deposit on the substrate As the transparent conductive oxide film of electrode before hull cell;(C) two are deposited on described transparent conductive oxide film surface Layer or the cadmium sulphide membrane of multilamellar, use different technical parameters during the cadmium sulfide thin film deposition of different layers;(D) at described cadmium sulfide Cadimium telluride thin film is deposited on thin film;(E) described Cadimium telluride thin film is carried out surface process;(F) cadmium telluride after the treatment Buffer layer on thin film;(G) metal back electrode is deposited at described buffer-layer surface;(H) to the electricity after deposition metal back electrode Pond carries out annealing lamination.
Wherein, in described step (C), cadmium sulphide membrane uses gas phase conveying method deposition.
Described transparent conductive oxide is ITO, FTO or BZO.
Further, in described step (C), technological parameter includes thermograde, barometric gradient, band gap gradient.
Further, the condition that described step (C) and (D) deposit is pressure 10-1000pa, temperature 100 DEG C-650 DEG C.
Further, the thickness in monolayer of described cadmium sulphide membrane is that the gross thickness of 50-200nm and two-layer or multilamellar is less than 200nm。
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
The method of the present invention is by dividing bilayer or multilamellar to deposit CdS Window layer, due to the temperature of different CdS Window layer The technological parameters such as degree, pressure, band gap are different, form the CdS Window layer that density is different, mutual tabling between adjacent C dS Window layer Just can reduce the gross thickness of CdS Window layer, density difference also changes film layer surface topography, highdensity CdS Window layer Can effectively reduce the pin holes of film surface, thus improve the quality of Window layer, thus improve cadmium telluride diaphragm solar The performance of battery.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings the detailed description of the invention of the present invention is described further.
Fig. 1 is the cadmium telluride solar battery structure schematic diagram of existing monolayer thiolate cadmium Window layer.
Fig. 2 is the cadmium telluride solar battery structure schematic diagram of bilayer cadmium sulfide Window layer of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the cadmium telluride solar battery structure schematic diagram of multilamellar cadmium sulfide Window layer of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
A kind of cadmium telluride preparation method of solar battery of the present invention, including following necessary step:
(A) substrate is provided;
(B) transparent conductive oxide film of electrode before deposition is used as hull cell on the substrate;Wherein, electrically conducting transparent oxygen Compound is ITO, FTO or BZO.
(C) at described transparent conductive oxide film surface deposition two-layer or the cadmium sulphide membrane CdS of multilamellar, different layers Different technical parameters is used during cadmium sulfide thin film deposition;This technological parameter includes thermograde, barometric gradient, band gap gradient.
(D) on described cadmium sulphide membrane, Cadimium telluride thin film CdTe is deposited;
(E) described Cadimium telluride thin film is carried out surface process;
(F) buffer layer on Cadimium telluride thin film after the treatment;
(G) metal back electrode is deposited at described buffer-layer surface;
(H) battery after deposition metal back electrode is carried out annealing lamination.
Wherein, in described step (C), cadmium sulphide membrane uses gas phase conveying method deposition.Gas phase transport deposition process mainly mistake Journey is to put in vacuum chamber by evaporation source material, and vacuum cavity operation pressure is 10pa-1000pa;100-600 DEG C add Under heat condition, evaporation source is heated, evaporation source distillation become steam, at high temperature (100 DEG C-600 DEG C by carrier gas (He, Ar, N2 etc.) process that the matter transportation of evaporation is deposited to the substrate surface of uniform temperature (100 DEG C-600 DEG C).
In order to more specifically contrast situation before and after the present invention improves, first introduce the cadmium telluride of monolayer thiolate cadmium Window layer too Sun can battery structure.As shown in Figure 1: on glass substrate 1, first use the SnO2:F thin film 2(FTO of CVD deposition 800nm), Transparent front electrode as battery.SnO2:F thin film 2 uses the N-shaped CdS Window layer of gas phase conveying method deposition 50-200nm 3, the condition of deposition is pressure 10-1000pa, temperature 100 DEG C-650 DEG C;Then the p-type CdTe thin film 4 of 1-5um is deposited;To p The CdTe surface of type carries out processing then buffer layer 5, and face deposition layer of metal back electrode 6, enters battery on the buffer layer Row annealing lamination.
Introduce the cadmium telluride solar battery structure of bilayer cadmium sulfide Window layer of the present invention again, as shown in Figure 2: first at glass The SnO2:F thin film 2 of CVD deposition 800nm is used, as the transparent front electrode of battery on glass substrate 1.On SnO2:F thin film 2 Using the N-shaped CdS Window layer 31 of gas phase conveying method deposition 50-200nm, the condition of deposition is pressure 10-1000pa, temperature 100 ℃-650℃;The N-shaped CdS Window layer 32 of deposition 50-200nm, the condition of deposition is pressure 10-1000pa, temperature 100 DEG C-650 DEG C, wherein the gross thickness of 31,32 layers be less than 200nm, pressure and temp from the 31st layer to 32 change can be incremented by, successively decrease or Person is other situations;Then the p-type CdTe thin film 4 of 1-5um is deposited;Processing the CdTe surface of p-type, then deposition is slow Rush layer 5, on the buffer layer face deposition layer of metal back electrode 6, battery is carried out annealing lamination.
Present invention additionally comprises another embodiment: the cadmium telluride solar battery structure schematic diagram of multilamellar cadmium sulfide Window layer, As shown in Figure 3: on glass substrate 1, first use the SnO2:F thin film 2 of CVD deposition 800nm, as the transparent front electricity of battery Pole.SnO2:F thin film 2 uses the N-shaped CdS Window layer 31,32 of gas phase conveying method deposition 50-200nm ... 3n layer, deposition Condition is pressure 10-1000pa, and the temperature range of deposition is 100 DEG C-650 DEG C, and pressure and temp is permissible from the 31st layer to 3n change It is incremented by, successively decreases or other situations;Then the p-type CdTe thin film 4 of 1-5um is deposited;The CdTe surface of p-type is being carried out Process then buffer layer 5, on the buffer layer face deposition layer of metal back electrode 6, battery is carried out annealing lamination.
As it has been described above, the present invention is by dividing bilayer or multilamellar to deposit CdS Window layer, due to different CdS windows The technological parameters such as the temperature of layer, pressure, band gap are different, form the CdS Window layer that density is different, the CdS Window layer tool that density is little Having good photoelectric transformation efficiency, the CdS Window layer that density is little meets surface pinholes the most even zero pin hole requirement.Density different and Between adjacent C dS Window layer, mutual tabling just can reduce the gross thickness of CdS Window layer, and density difference also changes film layer table Face pattern, highdensity CdS Window layer can effectively reduce the pin holes of film surface, thus improve the quality of Window layer, Thus improve the performance of cadmium telluride diaphragm solar battery.
The foregoing is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned embodiment, as long as with Essentially identical means realize within the technical scheme of the object of the invention broadly falls into protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. a cadmium telluride preparation method of solar battery, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps: (A) provides substrate;(B) exist The transparent conductive oxide film of electrode before deposition is used as hull cell on described substrate;(C) at described transparent conductive oxide Film surface deposition two-layer or the cadmium sulphide membrane of multilamellar, uses different technical parameters during the cadmium sulfide thin film deposition of different layers; (D) on described cadmium sulphide membrane, Cadimium telluride thin film is deposited;(E) described Cadimium telluride thin film is carried out surface process;(F) described Buffer layer on Cadimium telluride thin film after process;(G) metal back electrode is deposited at described buffer-layer surface;(H) to deposition gold Belong to the battery after back electrode and carry out annealing lamination.
A kind of cadmium telluride preparation method of solar battery the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described step (C) Middle cadmium sulphide membrane uses gas phase conveying method deposition.
A kind of cadmium telluride preparation method of solar battery the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described electrically conducting transparent Oxide is ITO, FTO or BZO.
A kind of cadmium telluride preparation method of solar battery the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described step (C) Middle technological parameter includes thermograde, barometric gradient, band gap gradient.
A kind of cadmium telluride preparation method of solar battery the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described step (C) The condition deposited with (D) is pressure 10-1000pa, temperature 100 DEG C-650 DEG C.
A kind of cadmium telluride preparation method of solar battery the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described cadmium sulfide is thin The thickness in monolayer of film is that the gross thickness of 50-200nm and two-layer or multilamellar is less than 200nm.
CN201610680785.0A 2016-08-17 2016-08-17 A kind of cadmium telluride preparation method of solar battery Pending CN106098858A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2018152731A1 (en) * 2017-02-23 2018-08-30 海门黄海创业园服务有限公司 Cds/cdte solar cell structure
CN115274934A (en) * 2022-08-17 2022-11-01 济南大学 Preparation method of light flexible cadmium telluride film and light flexible cadmium telluride substrate

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
TW201127989A (en) * 2010-02-12 2011-08-16 Jenn Feng New Energy A deposition method of a cadmium sulfide film, and the multi-layer cadmium sulfide film
CN102299211A (en) * 2011-09-21 2011-12-28 上海大学 Two-step method for manufacturing cadmium sulphide film
CN102810581A (en) * 2011-05-31 2012-12-05 初星太阳能公司 Multi-layer N-type stack for cadmium telluride based thin film photovoltaic devices and methods of making
CN104377261A (en) * 2014-10-18 2015-02-25 中山市创科科研技术服务有限公司 CdTe thin-film solar cell panel and manufacturing method

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
TW201127989A (en) * 2010-02-12 2011-08-16 Jenn Feng New Energy A deposition method of a cadmium sulfide film, and the multi-layer cadmium sulfide film
CN102810581A (en) * 2011-05-31 2012-12-05 初星太阳能公司 Multi-layer N-type stack for cadmium telluride based thin film photovoltaic devices and methods of making
CN102299211A (en) * 2011-09-21 2011-12-28 上海大学 Two-step method for manufacturing cadmium sulphide film
CN104377261A (en) * 2014-10-18 2015-02-25 中山市创科科研技术服务有限公司 CdTe thin-film solar cell panel and manufacturing method

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2018152731A1 (en) * 2017-02-23 2018-08-30 海门黄海创业园服务有限公司 Cds/cdte solar cell structure
CN115274934A (en) * 2022-08-17 2022-11-01 济南大学 Preparation method of light flexible cadmium telluride film and light flexible cadmium telluride substrate

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Application publication date: 20161109