CN106064282A - Joint for resistance spot welding quality ultrasound ripple online monitoring system and method - Google Patents
Joint for resistance spot welding quality ultrasound ripple online monitoring system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106064282A CN106064282A CN201610548559.7A CN201610548559A CN106064282A CN 106064282 A CN106064282 A CN 106064282A CN 201610548559 A CN201610548559 A CN 201610548559A CN 106064282 A CN106064282 A CN 106064282A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K31/00—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups
- B23K31/12—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups relating to investigating the properties, e.g. the weldability, of materials
- B23K31/125—Weld quality monitoring
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
- B23K11/10—Spot welding; Stitch welding
- B23K11/11—Spot welding
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Quality & Reliability (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of joint for resistance spot welding quality ultrasound ripple online monitoring system and method, belong to welding quality control field.The limitation of the monitoring methods such as the electrical quantity that used for present stage resistance spot welding online quality monitoring field, dynamic displacement, with Ultrasonic Nondestructive for basic fundamental means, integrates composition combination electrode by ultrasound probe with electrode in resistance spot welding;Monitoring host computer is connected with resistance spot welding equipment, is connected with the ultrasonic probe in spot welding electrode by the ultrasonic card that controls;Welded piece is placed between spot welding electrode (upper electrode) and bottom electrode, and described spot welding electrode, bottom electrode are connected with resistance spot welding equipment respectively.Monitoring host computer in welding galvanization according to the formation of ultrasonic reflections signal real-time judge nugget and growth conditions, and on this basis spot-welding equipment is carried out feedback control, guarantee that nugget size reaches the design requirement of joint, finally realize the on-line monitoring and control of joint for resistance spot welding quality.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to welding quality control field, particularly to a kind of joint for resistance spot welding quality ultrasound ripple on-line monitoring
System and method.It is applicable to the technical fields such as automobile, trolley coach, Aero-Space, drugs manufacture equipment.
Background technology
Because of it, to have process simple in resistance spot welding, and mechanization, automaticity are high, operator's labor intensity is relatively low,
The advantage such as pollution-free, is widely used in the industry manufacture field such as automobile, trolley coach, Aero-Space, drugs manufacture equipment.But, by
It is the process that non-linear, multiparameter intercouples in resistance spot welding, the fluctuation of the associated welds parameters such as Ren He electricity, magnetic, power
Final welding quality will be impacted.Therefore resistance spot welding quality controls, the always weldering of especially on-line monitoring problem
Connect the focus that worker pays close attention to, be also simultaneously the manufacture such as automobile, the trolley coach field Important Problems of needing solution badly.
At present, more conventional resistance spot welding quality monitors method and is mostly on-line monitoring based on pinpoint welding procedure parameter, as
Current/voltage monitoring method, electrode dynamic displacement monitoring method etc..Its basic thought be by real time monitoring spot welding during one
Or various physical parameters (electricity, power, magnetic, heat, sound etc.), and determine that certain of monitored parameter and Resistance Spot Welding Process is corresponding
Relation, the most indirectly reflects the quality of tack-weld.But, during actual spot welding, the formation of nugget is subject to growth
It is formed on the joint effect of many factors, and this affecting laws tends not to represent by some simple functional relationships.Therefore,
This monitoring method with pinpoint welding procedure parameter as foundation can only provide certain quality information in narrower condition, causes it
There is the problems such as monitoring effect is not sufficiently stable, range is limited, seriously hinder its further genralrlization and application.Along with meter
Calculate the development of machine technology, occur in that based on fuzzy algorithmic approach, the resistance spot welding on-line monitoring method of artificial neural network algorithm.But this
The core of a little methods remains on the basis of procedure parameter monitors, and adds the judge algorithm of some complexity, improves many ginsengs
Number information fusion degree.Although point quality can be made assessment by a certain extent, but still without breaking away from indirect mass
Monitoring thought, the aspects such as accuracy rate, ease for use, reliability still cannot meet improve constantly to resistance spot welding in line mass
The requirement of monitoring.Monitoring technological innovation upgrading is the important selection countermeasure solving the problems referred to above.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of joint for resistance spot welding quality ultrasound ripple online monitoring system and method, solve
The problems referred to above that prior art exists.The present invention is directed to present stage resistance spot welding quality monitoring field used electrical quantity,
The limitation of the methods such as dynamic displacement, with Ultrasonic Nondestructive for basic fundamental means, by ultrasound probe and resistance spot welding
Electrode integrates, the formation according to ultrasonic reflections signal real-time judge nugget and growth in welding galvanization
State, and on this basis spot-welding equipment is carried out feedback control, it is ensured that nugget size reaches the design requirement of joint,
Realize the on-line monitoring and control of joint for resistance spot welding quality eventually.
The above-mentioned purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
Joint for resistance spot welding quality ultrasound ripple online monitoring system, the joint for resistance spot welding quality ultrasound ripple on-line monitoring of the present invention
System, monitoring host computer 1 is connected with resistance spot welding equipment 3 by feedback control bus 4, by its internal ultrasonic control card with multiple
Ultrasonic probe 54 in chalaza welding electrode is connected;Welded piece 6 is placed between electrode and bottom electrode 7, and described upper electrode is the most multiple
Chalaza welding electrode 5, described spot welding electrode 5, bottom electrode 7 are connected with resistance spot welding equipment 3 respectively;
Described spot welding electrode 5 includes electrode stem adapter sleeve 51, housing 52, insulation protective jacket 53, ultrasonic probe 54, latch segment
55, probe wire 56, ultrasonic coupling pad 57, electrode cap 58;It is internal that described ultrasonic probe 54 is positioned at housing 52, and and housing 52 between
It is provided with insulation protective jacket 53;Ultrasonic probe 54 lower end is provided with ultrasonic coupling pad 57, the ultrasound waveguide sent by ultrasonic probe 54
Enter to housing 52 internal;Housing 52 lower end is provided with removable electrode cap 58, and housing 52 upper end is electrode stem adapter sleeve 51;Probe
One end of line 56 is connected with ultrasonic probe 54, and the other end extends to the outside of housing 52, and is fastened by latch segment 55.
It is internal that described ultrasonic probe 54 is arranged at spot welding electrode 5, and coaxially arranged with spot welding electrode 5;Multiple
Chalaza welding electrode 5 is performing while normal spot welding function, its internal ultrasonic probe 54 under the control of monitoring host computer to
Welded piece 6 internal emission ultrasound wave, realizes on-line checking or control function simultaneously.
Described housing 52, electrode stem adapter sleeve 51 and electrode cap 58 use Cu alloy material to make.
Described ultrasonic coupling pad 57 uses elastomeric material, and upper and lower surface scribbles grease.
Described housing 52 is internally provided with cooling water path, and cooling water is flowed into by combination electrode sidewall, flows through housing 52
At the joint face of electrode cap 58, finally flow out from the opposite side of housing 52;Cooling water provides electrode cap 58 and housing 52 simultaneously
Between ultrasonic coupling function.
Another object of the present invention is to provide joint for resistance spot welding quality ultrasound ripple on-line monitoring method, including walking as follows
Rapid:
Step 1: computer based ultrasound wave online monitoring system (monitoring host computer) and resistance spot welding equipment 3 are integrated in one
Rising, ultrasonic probe 54 is arranged on an inside of spot welding electrode 5, and coaxially arranged with spot welding electrode 5;Monitoring host computer leads to
Cross feedback control bus 2 to be connected with the controller of resistance spot welding equipment 3;
Step 2: during the energising welding of each joint, monitoring host computer by ultrasonic control card 4 control ultrasonic probes 54 with
Fixing repetition rate launches ultrasound wave, and ultrasound wave propagates to the inside of welded piece 6 through combination electrode 5;Monitoring host computer 1
According to the signal characteristic of echo, welding process is analyzed in real time and passes judgment on, and by feedback control bus 2 to point of resistance
Soldering equipment 3 sends instruction, is adjusted controlling welding machine welding parameters, thus ensures that nugget size reaches technological requirement;
Step 3: the affecting laws of the ultrasonic reflections signal at double layer of metal plate contact surface with nugget size is by monitoring host computer
Foundation, monitors formation and the growth conditions of nugget in real time, and realizes point quality control by the feedback of butt welding machine.
Monitoring system uses fully automatic working pattern, after system start-up, first loads every ultrasonic control parameter, then enters
Enter welding signal waiting state;After welding machine is pressed under every sub-electrode, by feedback data bus 2 to ultrasound wave online monitoring system
Send welding sign on;After ultrasound wave online monitoring system receives this instruction, control ultrasonic according to the repetition rate set
Probe emission pulse ultrasonic, according to the detected reflection wave signal growth conditions to nugget, i.e. physical dimension, enters
Row real-time assessment, and send adjustment instruction according to built-in algorithms to resistance spot welding equipment 3, it is finally completed the prison of this welding process
Survey and feedback control.
The beneficial effects of the present invention is: resistance spot welding ultrasound wave on-line monitoring method is that Non-Destructive Testing controls skill with welding
The combination of art, its monitored object directly reflects the geometric properties of the internal nugget of tack-weld, with indirect parameter monitoring side
Method compares the quality index (nugget size) that can provide quantitative.Further, since the method is able to record that the final size of nugget,
Follow-up nondestructive testing link (the nondestructive testing time of a solder joint is about 10 minutes) can be omitted;And this process with welded
Journey is carried out simultaneously, without cost extra time, drastically increases production efficiency and reduces inspection cost, it is possible to achieve spot welding part
Inspection entirely.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Accompanying drawing described herein is used for providing a further understanding of the present invention, constitutes the part of the application, this
Bright illustrative example and explanation thereof are used for explaining the present invention, are not intended that inappropriate limitation of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is that the online monitoring system of the present invention constitutes schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is the nugget size (without nugget) the corresponding relation schematic diagram with ultrasonic testing signals of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the nugget size (little nugget) the corresponding relation schematic diagram with ultrasonic testing signals of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the nugget size (big nugget) the corresponding relation schematic diagram with ultrasonic testing signals of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the spot welding electrode structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the three-dimensional appearance schematic diagram of the spot welding electrode of the present invention;
Fig. 7 to Figure 10 is the fundamental diagram of the spot welding electrode of the present invention;
Figure 11 is the flow chart of the on-line monitoring method of the present invention.
In figure: 1, monitoring host computer;2, feedback control bus;3, resistance spot welding equipment;4, ultrasonic control blocks;5, compound spot welding
Electrode;6, welded piece;7, bottom electrode;51, electrode stem adapter sleeve;52, housing;53, insulation protective jacket;54, ultrasonic probe;
55, latch segment;56, probe wire;57, ultrasonic coupling pad;58, electrode cap.
Detailed description of the invention
Further illustrate detailed content and the detailed description of the invention thereof of the present invention below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
See shown in Fig. 1 to Figure 11, the joint for resistance spot welding quality ultrasound ripple online monitoring system of the present invention, monitoring host computer
1 is connected with resistance spot welding equipment 3 by feedback control bus 4, in the ultrasonic control card internal by it and spot welding electrode
Ultrasonic probe 54 be connected;Welded piece 6 is placed in electrode on spot welding electrode 5() and bottom electrode 7 between, described compound spot welding
Electrode 5, bottom electrode 7 are connected with resistance spot welding equipment 3 respectively;
Shown in Figure 5, described spot welding electrode 5 includes electrode stem adapter sleeve 51, housing 52, insulation protective jacket 53, ultrasonic
Probe 54, latch segment 55, probe wire 56, ultrasonic coupling pad 57, electrode cap 58, it is internal that described ultrasonic probe 54 is positioned at housing 52,
And and housing 52 between be provided with insulation protective jacket 53;Ultrasonic probe 54 lower end is provided with ultrasonic coupling pad 57, by ultrasonic probe 54
The ultrasonic delivery sent is internal to housing 52;Housing 52 lower end is provided with removable electrode cap 58, and housing 52 upper end is electrode
Bar adapter sleeve 51, it is achieved the integral installation function of combination electrode, depending on its internal diameter is according to the concrete size of spot-welding equipment electrode stem;
One end of probe wire 56 is connected with ultrasonic probe 54, and the other end extends to the outside of housing 52, and is fastened by latch segment 55.Multiple
Conventional electrodes and ultrasonic probe are combined by chalaza welding electrode, realize in welding process welding pressure, welding current and
The transmission of ultrasound wave.Spot welding electrode is the integrated design structure of ultrasonic probe and spot-wedling electrode, can meet simultaneously welding,
The demand of ultrasonography monitoring the two critical system function.
It is internal that described ultrasonic probe 54 is arranged at spot welding electrode 5, and coaxially arranged with spot welding electrode 5;Multiple
Chalaza welding electrode 5 is performing while normal spot welding function, its internal ultrasonic probe 54 under the control of monitoring host computer to
Welded piece 6 internal emission ultrasound wave, realizes on-line checking or control function simultaneously.
Described housing 52, electrode stem adapter sleeve 51 and electrode cap 58 use Cu alloy material to make.
Described ultrasonic coupling pad 57 uses elastomeric material, and upper and lower surface scribbles grease.
Described housing 52 is internally provided with cooling water path, and cooling water is flowed into by combination electrode sidewall, flows through housing 52
At the joint face of electrode cap 58, finally flow out from the opposite side of housing 52;Cooling water provides electrode cap 58 and housing 52 simultaneously
Between ultrasonic coupling function.
The joint for resistance spot welding quality ultrasound ripple on-line monitoring method of the present invention, comprises the steps:
Step 1: computer based ultrasound wave online monitoring system (monitoring host computer) and resistance spot welding equipment 3 are integrated in one
Rising, ultrasonic probe 54 is arranged on an inside of spot welding electrode 5, and coaxially arranged with spot welding electrode 5;Monitoring host computer leads to
Cross feedback control bus 2 to be connected with the controller of resistance spot welding equipment 3;
Step 2: during the energising welding of each joint, monitoring host computer by ultrasonic control card 4 control ultrasonic probes 54 with
Fixing repetition rate launches ultrasound wave, and ultrasound wave propagates to the inside of welded piece 6 through combination electrode 5;Monitoring host computer 1
According to the signal characteristic of echo, welding process is analyzed in real time and passes judgment on, and by feedback control bus 2 to point of resistance
Soldering equipment 3 sends instruction, is adjusted controlling welding machine welding parameters, thus ensures that nugget size reaches technological requirement;
Step 3: the affecting laws of the ultrasonic reflections signal at double layer of metal plate contact surface with nugget size is by monitoring host computer
Foundation, monitors formation and the growth conditions of nugget in real time, and realizes point quality control by the feedback of butt welding machine.
Monitoring system uses fully automatic working pattern, and flow process is as shown in Figure 11.After system start-up, first load every ultrasonic
Control parameter, subsequently into welding signal waiting state;After welding machine is pressed under every sub-electrode, by feedback data bus 2 to super
Sound wave online monitoring system sends welding sign on;After ultrasound wave online monitoring system receives this instruction, according to set
Repetition rate controls ultrasonic probe emission pulse ultrasonic, according to the detected reflection wave signal growth shape to nugget
State, i.e. physical dimension, carry out real-time assessment, and send adjustment instruction according to built-in algorithms to resistance spot welding equipment 3, be finally completed
The monitoring of this welding process and feedback control.
Seeing shown in Fig. 1 to Figure 11, the operation principle of the present invention is:
During the energising welding of each solder joint, monitoring system controls ultrasonic probe 54 with fixing by the ultrasonic card 4 that controls
Repetition rate launches ultrasound wave, and it is internal that ultrasound wave propagates to welded piece 6 through electrode.Along with the carrying out of welding process, point
Weldering nugget grows out of nothing, and constantly grows up.This change shows as different signal characteristics in reflected ultrasonic wave.System is passed through
The reflected ultrasonic wave obtained the most in the same time in welding galvanization is converted to digital signal by the ultrasonic card 4 that controls, and is sent to
Monitoring host computer 1.Welding process, according to the signal characteristic of all echos, is analyzed and passes judgment on, and leading to by monitoring host computer 1 in real time
Cross feedback control bus 2 and send instruction to resistance spot welding equipment 3, be adjusted controlling welding machine welding parameters, thus ensure
Nugget size reaches technological requirement, finally realizes the on-line monitoring and control of tack-weld quality.
Seeing shown in Fig. 2 to Fig. 4, during the energising welding of resistance spot welding, different nugget sizes is corresponding different
Ultrasonic reflections signal.When not yet forming nugget, ultrasound wave produces reflection at the contact surface of upper and lower double layer of metal plate,
In detection signal, the reflex amplitude of contact surface is in high state;When the nugget formed is less, (nugget size is less than
Ultrasonic beam diameter), a part of ultrasound wave still produces reflection, another part ultrasound wave at the contact surface of upper and lower double layer of metal plate
Then propagate to lower metal plate through nugget, detect in signal the reflex amplitude of contact surface during this along with nugget size
Become big and reduce;When nugget grows to its diameter more than after ultrasonic beam diameter, in the irradiation area of whole ultrasonic beam the most not
There is the contact surface of upper and lower metallic plate, sound wave fully enters lower metal plate, until just producing when propagating to the lower surface of lower plywood
Raw reflection.Now, in detection signal, the reflex amplitude of two-ply contact surface is down to minimum, and the echo of lower plywood lower surface
Amplitude is in peak.System is by monitoring in real time signal characteristic quantity described above, and on this basis to point
Weldering quality is passed judgment on and controls.
Embodiment:
Use the resistance that rail passenger car body is used by the joint for resistance spot welding quality ultrasound ripple on-line monitoring method of the present invention
Spot-welding technology carries out on-line monitoring.Welding material is SUS301L rustless steel, and thickness of slab is combined as 1.2mm+2.0mm, welding current
12000A, conduction time 200 milliseconds.Ultrasonic probe is installed on electrode interior, coaxially arranged with electrode.Center probe frequency
5MHz, the ultrasonic beam a diameter of 10mm at two-layered steel plates face.After upper/lower electrode compresses, monitoring system starts to control ultrasonic spy
Head launches ultrasound wave with the repetition rate of 5kHz, the most every 0.2 millisecond of monitoring carrying out a ultrasonic reflections signal.System controls
Ultrasonic card carries out analog digital conversion with the employing rate of 80MHz to ultrasonic signal, is converted to digital quantity.System is with upper and lower two-layered steel plates
The reflex amplitude of contact surface is for according to passing judgment on nugget size in real time.If nugget size regulation conduction time in not
Reaching technological requirement, system i.e. sends instruction to spot welding controller;Controller dynamically adjusts welding current or energising according to instruction
Time, thus control nugget size and meet technological requirement.
The foregoing is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, be not limited to the present invention, for the technology of this area
For personnel, the present invention can have various modifications and variations.All any modification, equivalent substitution and improvement made for the present invention etc.,
Should be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a joint for resistance spot welding quality ultrasound ripple online monitoring system, it is characterised in that: monitoring host computer (1) is controlled by feedback
Bus processed (2) is connected with resistance spot welding equipment (3), by its internal ultrasonic control card (4) and surpassing in spot welding electrode
Sonic probe (54) is connected;Welded piece (6) is placed between electrode and bottom electrode (7), described upper electrode i.e. spot welding electrode
(5), described spot welding electrode (5), bottom electrode (7) are connected with resistance spot welding equipment (3) respectively;
Described spot welding electrode (5) includes electrode stem adapter sleeve (51), housing (52), insulation protective jacket (53), ultrasonic probe
(54), latch segment (55), probe wire (56), ultrasonic coupling pad (57), electrode cap (58);Described ultrasonic probe (54) is positioned at housing
(52) internal, and and housing (52) between be provided with insulation protective jacket (53);Ultrasonic probe (54) lower end is provided with ultrasonic coupling pad
(57) ultrasonic delivery, sent by ultrasonic probe (54) is internal to housing (52);Housing (52) lower end is provided with removable electricity
Polar cap (58), housing (52) upper end is electrode stem adapter sleeve (51);One end of probe wire (56) is connected, separately with ultrasonic probe (54)
One end extends to the outside of housing (52), and is fastened by latch segment (55).
Joint for resistance spot welding quality ultrasound ripple online monitoring system the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described
It is internal that ultrasonic probe (54) is arranged at spot welding electrode (5), and coaxially arranged with spot welding electrode (5);Compound spot welding electricity
Pole (5) is performing while normal spot welding function, its internal ultrasonic probe (54) under the control of monitoring host computer to being welded
Workpiece (6) internal emission ultrasound wave, realizes on-line checking or control function simultaneously.
Joint for resistance spot welding quality ultrasound ripple online monitoring system the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described
Housing (52), electrode stem adapter sleeve (51) and electrode cap (58) use Cu alloy material to make.
Joint for resistance spot welding quality ultrasound ripple online monitoring system the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described
Ultrasonic coupling pad (57) uses elastomeric material, and upper and lower surface scribbles grease.
Joint for resistance spot welding quality ultrasound ripple online monitoring system the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described
Housing (52) is internally provided with cooling water path, and cooling water is flowed into by combination electrode sidewall, flows through housing (52) and electrode cap
(58), at joint face, finally flow out from the opposite side of housing (52);Cooling water provides electrode cap (58) and housing (52) simultaneously
Between ultrasonic coupling function.
The prison of joint for resistance spot welding quality ultrasound ripple online monitoring system the most as claimed in any of claims 1 to 5
Prosecutor method, it is characterised in that: comprise the steps:
Step 1: computer based ultrasound wave online monitoring system, i.e. monitoring host computer are integrated in resistance spot welding equipment (3)
Together, ultrasonic probe (54) is arranged on an inside of spot welding electrode (5), and coaxially arranged with spot welding electrode (5);Prison
Control main frame is connected with the controller of resistance spot welding equipment (3) by feedback control bus (2);
Step 2: during the energising welding of each joint, monitoring host computer controls ultrasonic probe by the ultrasonic card (4) that controls
(54) launching ultrasound wave with fixing repetition rate, ultrasound wave propagates to the interior of welded piece (6) through combination electrode (5)
Portion;Welding process, according to the signal characteristic of echo, is analyzed and passes judgment on, and being controlled by feedback by monitoring host computer (1) in real time
Bus processed (2) sends instruction to resistance spot welding equipment (3), is adjusted controlling welding machine welding parameters, thus ensures nugget
Size reaches technological requirement;
Step 3: the affecting laws of the ultrasonic reflections signal at double layer of metal plate contact surface with nugget size is by monitoring host computer
Foundation, monitors formation and the growth conditions of nugget in real time, and realizes point quality control by the feedback of butt welding machine.
Joint for resistance spot welding quality ultrasound ripple on-line monitoring method the most according to claim 6, it is characterised in that: monitoring system
System uses fully automatic working pattern, after system start-up, first loads every ultrasonic control parameter, waits subsequently into welding signal
State;After welding machine is pressed under every sub-electrode, send welding by feedback data bus (2) to ultrasound wave online monitoring system and start
Instruction;After ultrasound wave online monitoring system receives this instruction, control ultrasonic probe according to the repetition rate set and launch pulse
Ultrasound wave, according to the detected reflection wave signal growth conditions to nugget, i.e. physical dimension, carries out real-time assessment,
And send adjustment instruction according to built-in algorithms to resistance spot welding equipment (3), it is finally completed monitoring and the feedback of this welding process
Control.
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