CN106007781A - 一种陶瓷空心球的成型方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种陶瓷空心球的成型方法,将陶瓷微粉、造孔剂、烧结助剂、分散剂及钙盐按一定比例配成均匀浆料,在水浴加热搅拌下,通过精密蠕动泵精确控制海藻酸钠溶液的滴加,使浆料凝固成球,浆料全部成球后过滤,干燥,然后烧结成陶瓷球,所得陶瓷球大小可控,空隙可调,圆度较好,品质接近等静压成型工艺,设备投资少,易操作,成本低,适合多种陶瓷材料成球。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于特种陶瓷的成型领域,涉及一种陶瓷成型技术,具体涉及一种陶瓷空心球的成型方法。
背景技术
目前陶瓷成球工艺在日用陶瓷,工业陶瓷应用十分广泛,主要成型的方式为颗粒直接滚圆法,挤出滚圆发,干法压制等,这些方法或成型均匀性不好,或坯体密度低导致烧结松散,或成本太高,导致陶瓷球应用发展受限。
陶瓷球在磨介、过滤,载体中的应用越来越广,特别是一些吸波陶瓷材料在污水中的应用不可替代,如何提高这些材料处理效率亟待拓展。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种陶瓷空心球的成型方法,该方法中陶瓷材料可在溶液中在添加少量外加助剂的前提下达到分散均匀的目的,能够实现陶瓷的低成本快速成型。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用如下的技术方案:
一种陶瓷空心球的成型方法,按质量份数计,将60~80份的陶瓷微粉,10~20份的造孔剂,10~30份的钙盐,2~10份的烧结助剂,2~10份的分散剂以及30~50份的水混合后,加热至45~60℃搅拌成均匀浆料,然后滴加20~50份的海藻酸钠水溶液,成球后过滤,干燥,再于900~1450℃下烧结0.5~2小时,制成陶瓷空心球。
所述陶瓷微粉为氧化铝、氧化锆、碳化硼、碳化硅、氮化硅中的一种或几种,并且陶瓷微粉的粒径小于20微米。
所述造孔剂为闭孔造孔剂。
所述闭孔造孔剂为碳酸钙、硫酸钙、碳化钙、氢氧化钙、铝粉、硫酸铝的一种或几种。
所述钙盐为水溶性钙盐。
所述水溶性钙盐为氯化钙、硝酸钙、柠檬酸钙的一种。
所述烧结助剂为低熔点烧结助熔剂。
所述低熔点烧结助熔剂为玻璃粉、黏土、氧化钙、氧化镁、氧化硼一种或几种。
所述分散剂为丙烯酸、聚丙烯酸铵、聚丙烯酸钠、聚丙烯酰胺、四甲基氢氧化铵的一种;滴加速率为1.5~5mL/s。
所述海藻酸钠水溶液的质量分数为0.5%~10%;所述搅拌是在球型反应器中进行的;所述滴加采用精密蠕动泵进行。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有的有益效果:本发明将陶瓷微粉、造孔剂、烧结助剂、分散剂及钙盐按一定比例配成均匀浆料,在水浴加热搅拌下,通过滴加海藻酸钠溶液,使浆料凝固成球,浆料全部成球后过滤,干燥,然后烧结成陶瓷空心球,所得陶瓷空心球的密度为1.03~1.85cm3,直径为1~3.5mm,并且陶瓷空心球的大小可控,空隙可调,圆度较好,品质接近等静压成型工艺,由于具有密度可控,直径可调等特点,所以可作为多种载体,应用于不同环境。另外,本发明中设备投资少,易操作,成本低,适合多种陶瓷材料成球。
进一步的,采用精密蠕动泵滴加能够精确控制海藻酸钠溶液的滴加,利于浆料凝固成球。
附图说明
图1为本发明制备的陶瓷空心球的微观结构图。
具体实施方式
以下实施实例是对以上实施方案做进步解释说明,但并不对本发明实施范围进行限制,一些实施条件可以根据厂家不同进行调整,而未标明实验条件通常为常规实验条件。
实施例1
按质量份数计,将160g的小于20微米的碳化硅陶瓷微粉,30g的闭孔造孔剂,20g的氯化钙,10g的玻璃粉,5g的分散剂以及100g的水混合后,水浴加热至45℃,在球型反应器中搅拌成均匀浆料,搅拌下,然后用精密蠕动泵按1.5mL/s的速度滴加质量分数为6%的海藻酸钠水溶液,成球后过滤,干燥,再在高温烧结炉中于900℃下烧结成型2h,制成密度为1.03g/cm3,直径为1~3.5mm的碳化硅陶瓷空心球。其中,闭孔造孔剂为碳酸钙,分散剂为丙烯酸。
实施例2
按质量份数计,将160g的小于20微米的碳化硅陶瓷微粉,25g的闭孔造孔剂,20g的氯化钙,10g的玻璃粉,5g的分散剂以及100g的水混合后,水浴加热至45℃,在球型反应器中搅拌成均匀浆料,搅拌下,然后用精密蠕动泵按1.5mL/s的速度滴加质量分数为6%的海藻酸钠水溶液,成球后过滤,干燥,再在高温烧结炉中于900℃下烧结成型1.5h,制成密度为1.15g/cm3,直径为1~3mm的碳化硅陶瓷空心球。其中,闭孔造孔剂为铝粉,分散剂为聚丙烯酸铵。
实施例3
按质量份数计,将400g的小于20微米的碳化硅陶瓷微粉,18g的碳化硼(0.5微米)微粉,55g的闭孔造孔剂,20g的黏土,60g的氯化钙,12g的分散剂以及320g的水混合后,水浴加热至45℃,在球型反应器中搅拌成均匀浆料,搅拌下,用精密蠕动泵按2mL/s的速率滴加质量分数为4%的海藻酸钠水溶液,成球后过滤,干燥,再在高温烧结炉中于1450℃下烧结成型0.5h,制成密度为1.85g/cm3的碳化硅复合陶瓷空心球。其中,闭孔造孔剂为硫酸钙与硫酸铝的混合物,分散剂为四甲基氢氧化铵。
本实施例制备的复合陶瓷球的直径为1~3.5mm。
实施例4
按质量份数计,将60份的陶瓷微粉,18份的造孔剂,15份的钙盐,10份的烧结助剂,7份的分散剂以及45份的水混合后,加热至60℃,在球型反应器中搅拌成均匀浆料,然后用精密蠕动泵以1.5mL/s的滴加速度滴加20份质量分数为10%的海藻酸钠水溶液,成球后过滤,干燥,再于900℃下烧结2小时,制成陶瓷空心球。
其中,所述陶瓷微粉为粒径小于20微米的氧化铝、氧化锆以及碳化硼的混合物。
所述造孔剂为碳酸钙。
所述钙盐为氯化钙。
所述烧结助熔剂为玻璃粉与黏土的混合物。
所述分散剂为丙烯酸。
实施例5
按质量份数计,将70份的陶瓷微粉,20份的造孔剂,20份的钙盐,2份的烧结助剂,4份的分散剂以及30份的水混合后,加热至45℃,在球型反应器中搅拌成均匀浆料,然后用精密蠕动泵以5mL/s的滴加速度滴加30份质量分数为6%的海藻酸钠水溶液,成球后过滤,干燥,再于1450℃下烧结0.5小时,制成陶瓷空心球。
其中,所述陶瓷微粉为粒径小于20微米的碳化硅与氮化硅的混合物。
所述造孔剂为硫酸钙、碳化钙与氢氧化钙的混合物。
所述钙盐为硝酸钙。
所述烧结助熔剂为氧化钙与氧化镁的混合物。
所述分散剂为聚丙烯酸铵。
实施例6
按质量份数计,将80份的陶瓷微粉,15份的造孔剂,10份的钙盐,5份的烧结助剂,2份的分散剂以及35份的水混合后,加热至50℃,在球型反应器中搅拌成均匀浆料,然后用精密蠕动泵以3mL/s的滴加速度滴加45份质量分数为2%的海藻酸钠水溶液,成球后过滤,干燥,再于1100℃下烧结1.5小时,制成陶瓷空心球。
其中,所述陶瓷微粉为粒径小于20微米的碳化硼与碳化硅的混合物。
所述造孔剂为氢氧化钙与铝粉的混合物。
所述钙盐为柠檬酸钙。
所述烧结助熔剂为氧化硼。
所述分散剂为聚丙烯酸钠。
实施例7
按质量份数计,将65份的陶瓷微粉,10份的造孔剂,30份的钙盐,8份的烧结助剂,10份的分散剂以及50份的水混合后,加热至55℃,在球型反应器中搅拌成均匀浆料,然后用精密蠕动泵以4mL/s的滴加速度滴加50份质量分数为0.5%的海藻酸钠水溶液,成球后过滤,干燥,再于1300℃下烧结1小时,制成陶瓷空心球。
其中,所述陶瓷微粉为粒径小于20微米的氮化硅。
所述造孔剂为硫酸铝。
所述钙盐为柠檬酸钙。
所述烧结助熔剂为氧化钙。
所述分散剂为聚丙烯酰胺。
参见图1,可见本发明制备的陶瓷为空心球结构的陶瓷。
本发明公布了一种陶瓷空心球的成型方法,具体为将陶瓷微粉、造孔剂、烧结助剂、分散剂及钙盐按一定比例配成均匀浆料,在水浴加热搅拌下,通过精密蠕动泵精确控制海藻酸钠溶液的滴加,使浆料凝固成球,浆料全部成球后过滤,干燥,于氧化高温烧结炉中烧结成陶瓷球,所得陶瓷球大小可控,空隙可调,圆度较好,品质接近等静压成型工艺,设备投资少,易操作,成本低,适合多种陶瓷材料成球。
上述实例说明本发明陶瓷空心球具有密度可控,直径可调等特点,可作为多种载体,应用于不同环境。
上述实例针对本发明技术构思特点进行说明,让熟知相关技术人员更深入了解,但并不对本发明保护范围进行限制,凡是对本发明内容进行等效变换或修饰,都应在本保护范围内。
Claims (10)
1.一种陶瓷空心球的成型方法,其特征在于,按质量份数计,将60~80份的陶瓷微粉,10~20份的造孔剂,10~30份的钙盐,2~10份的烧结助剂,2~10份的分散剂以及30~50份的水混合后,加热至45~60℃搅拌成均匀浆料,然后滴加20~50份的海藻酸钠水溶液,成球后过滤,干燥,再于900~1450℃下烧结0.5~2小时,制成陶瓷空心球。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种陶瓷空心球的成型方法,其特征在于,所述陶瓷微粉为氧化铝、氧化锆、碳化硼、碳化硅、氮化硅中的一种或几种,并且陶瓷微粉的粒径小于20微米。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种陶瓷空心球的成型方法,其特征在于,所述造孔剂为闭孔造孔剂。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种陶瓷空心球的成型方法,其特征在于,所述闭孔造孔剂为碳酸钙、硫酸钙、碳化钙、氢氧化钙、铝粉、硫酸铝的一种或几种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种陶瓷空心球的成型方法,其特征在于,所述钙盐为水溶性钙盐。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种陶瓷空心球的成型方法,其特征在于,所述水溶性钙盐为氯化钙、硝酸钙、柠檬酸钙的一种。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种陶瓷空心球的成型方法,其特征在于,所述烧结助剂为低熔点烧结助熔剂。
8.根据权利要求7所述的一种陶瓷空心球的成型方法,其特征在于,所述低熔点烧结助熔剂为玻璃粉、黏土、氧化钙、氧化镁、氧化硼一种或几种。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种陶瓷空心球的成型方法,其特征在于,所述分散剂为丙烯酸、聚丙烯酸铵、聚丙烯酸钠、聚丙烯酰胺、四甲基氢氧化铵的一种;滴加速率为1.5~5mL/s。
10.根据权利要求1所述的一种陶瓷空心球的成型方法,其特征在于,所述海藻酸钠水溶液的质量分数为0.5%~10%;所述搅拌是在球型反应器中进行的;所述滴加采用精密蠕动泵进行。
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