CN105987859A - Measurement apparatus and method for fluid density - Google Patents
Measurement apparatus and method for fluid density Download PDFInfo
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- CN105987859A CN105987859A CN201610255093.1A CN201610255093A CN105987859A CN 105987859 A CN105987859 A CN 105987859A CN 201610255093 A CN201610255093 A CN 201610255093A CN 105987859 A CN105987859 A CN 105987859A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a measurement apparatus and method for fluid density. The measurement apparatus comprises a friction generator sensor, a constant-current device and a data acquisition processing apparatus, wherein the friction generator sensor comprises a vibrating diaphragm vibrating under the action of fluid flow and used to convert the generated vibration to an alternating-current electric signal; the constant-current device is connected with the friction generator sensor and used to enable the flow velocity of the fluid to be constant before the fluid enters the friction generator sensor; the data acquisition processing apparatus is electrically connected with the friction generator sensor and the constant-current device respectively and used to acquire and process the alternating-current electric signal output by the friction generator sensor and a fluid flow velocity electric signal output by the constant-current device, to respectively obtain the corresponding vibration frequency of the vibrating diaphragm and the flow velocity of the fluid and to obtain the fluid density according to the vibrating frequency of the vibrating diaphragm and the flow velocity of the fluid. The measurement apparatus and method disclosed by the invention can measure the fluid density accurately and reliably; and the measurement apparatus and method are simple and easy to operate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of electronic circuits, in particular to a device and a method for measuring fluid density.
Background
The fluid is various, and there are many kinds of fluids such as gas fluid, liquid fluid, different fluid density all differs. In measuring the fluid density, the fluid density may be tested using a specialized fluid density measurement tool, such as a specialized density measurement instrument. However, the existing density detection instruments are often complex in structure and high in operation requirement, most of the density detection instruments also have high requirement on the environment, and the fluid density cannot be known through simple operation, which requires professional operation. Meanwhile, when different fluid densities are measured, different density detection instruments are required to be adopted for measuring different fluids, and great troubles are brought to the work of measuring personnel.
Moreover, most of the existing density detection instruments need a lot of measurement personnel to perform measurement work, so that the density of the fluid can not be measured in real time generally, and the density detection instruments need a lot of manual operations, so that the measurement result is inaccurate and has errors.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a fluid density measuring device and a fluid density measuring method aiming at the defects of the prior art, and aims to solve the problems that the measuring device in the prior art is complex in structure, difficult to operate, incapable of measuring the fluid density in real time, poor in accuracy and the like.
According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a fluid density measuring apparatus comprising: the device comprises a friction generator sensor, a constant current device and a data acquisition and processing device; wherein,
the friction generator sensor comprises a vibrating diaphragm which vibrates under the action of fluid flow and is used for converting the vibration generated under the action of the fluid flow into an alternating current signal;
the constant flow device is connected with the friction generator sensor and is used for keeping the flow speed of the fluid constant before the fluid enters the friction generator sensor;
the data acquisition and processing device is respectively electrically connected with the friction generator sensor and the constant flow device and is used for acquiring and processing an alternating current electric signal output by the friction generator sensor and a flow speed electric signal of fluid output by the constant flow device, respectively and correspondingly obtaining vibration frequency of the vibrating diaphragm and flow speed of the fluid, and obtaining density of the fluid according to the vibration frequency of the vibrating diaphragm and the flow speed of the fluid.
Optionally, the friction generator further comprises a fluid source device, wherein the fluid source device is connected with the friction generator sensor or the constant flow device and is used for injecting fluid into the friction generator sensor under the action of the constant flow device.
Optionally, the friction generator sensor further comprises: the device comprises a shell, an electrode, a friction plate and a vibrating diaphragm fixing frame;
a through hole suitable for the fluid to pass through is formed inside the shell; the electrode is arranged on the inner wall of the shell; the friction plate is arranged on the surface of one side of the electrode, which is not contacted with the inner wall of the shell; the vibrating diaphragm fixing frame is erected on the inner wall of the shell and is provided with a vibrating diaphragm;
when the fluid flows through the through hole, the vibrating diaphragm vibrates and is in contact friction with the surface of one side, which is not in contact with the electrode, of the friction plate to generate an alternating current signal, and the alternating current signal is output to the data acquisition and processing device through the electrode.
Optionally, the data acquisition and processing device is further configured to: and calculating to obtain the fluid density according to the known proportionality coefficient, the physical parameters of the friction generator sensor, the vibration frequency of the vibration diaphragm obtained through acquisition and processing and the fluid flow rate.
Optionally, the physical parameters of the friction generator sensor include: diaphragm density, diaphragm thickness and diaphragm length.
Optionally, the fluid source device is further electrically connected to the data acquisition and processing device, and further configured to: and injecting fluid with known density into the friction generator sensor under the action of the constant flow device, and outputting a density electric signal of the fluid with known density to the data acquisition and processing device.
Optionally, the data acquisition and processing device is further configured to: and acquiring a density electric signal of the fluid with the known density output by the fluid source device to obtain the density of the fluid with the known density.
Optionally, the data acquisition and processing device is further configured to: and calculating to obtain a known proportionality coefficient according to the density of the fluid with known density, the physical parameters of the friction generator sensor, the vibration frequency of the diaphragm and the flow rate of the fluid, which are acquired and processed by the data acquisition and processing device when the fluid with known density is injected.
Optionally, the fluid source device is a controllable pressure air source device, the controllable pressure air source device is respectively connected with the friction generator sensor and the constant flow device, and is also electrically connected with the data acquisition and processing device, and is used for adjusting the pressure of the fluid, injecting the fluid under different pressures into the friction generator sensor through the constant flow device, and outputting corresponding pressure electric signals to the data acquisition and processing device.
Optionally, the data acquisition and processing device is further configured to: acquiring and processing pressure electric signals of the fluid under different pressures output by the controllable pressure air source device to obtain the corresponding pressures of the fluid under different pressures, and calculating to obtain the densities of the fluid under different pressures according to the pressures of the fluid under different pressures and known physical parameters.
Optionally, the known physical parameters include: the ideal gas constant and the thermodynamic temperature of the ideal gas.
Optionally, the data acquisition and processing device is further configured to: and calculating to obtain the known proportionality coefficient according to the density of the fluid under different pressures, the physical parameters of the friction generator sensor, the vibration frequency of the diaphragm and the flow rate of the fluid, which are acquired and processed by the data acquisition and processing device when the fluid under different pressures is injected.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for measuring a density of a fluid, the method comprising:
injecting fluid into the friction generator sensor by using a constant flow device;
collecting and processing an alternating current electric signal output by vibration of a vibrating diaphragm of a friction generator sensor and a flow rate electric signal of fluid output by a constant flow device in the fluid injection process, and respectively and correspondingly obtaining vibration frequency of the vibrating diaphragm and flow rate of the fluid;
and obtaining the fluid density according to the vibration frequency of the diaphragm and the fluid flow rate obtained by the acquisition and processing.
Optionally, obtaining the fluid density according to the acquired and processed vibration frequency of the diaphragm and the fluid flow rate further includes: and calculating to obtain the fluid density according to the known proportionality coefficient, the physical parameters of the friction generator sensor, the vibration frequency of the vibration diaphragm obtained through acquisition and processing and the fluid flow rate.
Optionally, the physical parameters of the friction generator sensor include: diaphragm density, diaphragm thickness and diaphragm length.
Optionally, calculating the fluid density according to the known proportionality coefficient, the physical parameters of the friction generator sensor, the vibration frequency of the diaphragm obtained through acquisition and processing, and the fluid flow rate further includes:
the fluid density is calculated using the following equation:
ρf＝Kω2
Κ＝κρshL/U2
where ρ isfIs the fluid density, K is a known physical parameter, omega is the vibration frequency of the diaphragm, kappa is a known proportionality coefficient, rhosFor diaphragm density, h is diaphragm thickness, L is diaphragm length, and U is fluid flow rate.
Optionally, before injecting the fluid into the friction generator sensor using the constant flow device, the method further comprises:
injecting a fluid of known density into the fluid source device;
acquiring and processing a density electric signal of the fluid with known density output by the fluid source device to obtain the density of the fluid with known density;
injecting a fluid of known density in the fluid source device into the friction generator sensor through the constant flow device; collecting and processing an alternating current signal output by vibration of a vibrating diaphragm of a friction generator sensor and a fluid flow rate electric signal output by a constant flow device in the process of injecting fluid with known density, and respectively and correspondingly obtaining vibration frequency of the vibrating diaphragm and fluid flow rate;
and calculating to obtain a known proportionality coefficient according to the density of the fluid with known density, the physical parameters of the friction generator sensor and the vibration frequency of the diaphragm and the flow rate of the fluid, which are obtained by the acquisition and processing of the data acquisition and processing device in the injection process of the fluid with known density.
Optionally, the fluid source device is a controllable pressure air source device, and before the fluid is injected into the friction generator sensor by the constant flow device, the method further comprises:
injecting fluid into a controllable pressure air source device to generate fluid under different pressures;
acquiring and processing pressure electric signals of the fluid under different pressures output by the controllable pressure air source device to obtain the corresponding pressures of the fluid under different pressures, and calculating to obtain the densities of the fluid under different pressures according to the pressures of the fluid under different pressures and known physical parameters;
injecting fluid under different pressures into the friction generator sensor through the constant flow device;
collecting and processing alternating current signals output by vibration of a vibrating diaphragm of a friction generator sensor and flow rate electric signals of fluid output by a constant flow device in the fluid injection process under different pressures, and respectively and correspondingly obtaining vibration frequency of the vibrating diaphragm and flow rate of the fluid;
and calculating the known proportionality coefficient according to the density of the fluid under different pressures, the physical parameters of the friction generator sensor and the vibration frequency and the fluid flow rate of the diaphragm acquired and processed by the data acquisition and processing device in the fluid injection process under different pressures.
Optionally, the known physical parameters include: the ideal gas constant and the thermodynamic temperature of the ideal gas.
According to the device and the method for measuring the fluid density, after fluid with a constant flow rate enters the friction generator sensor, the data acquisition and processing device acquires and processes the alternating current electric signal output by the friction generator sensor and the flow rate electric signal of the fluid output by the constant flow device, the vibration frequency of the vibrating diaphragm and the flow rate of the fluid are correspondingly obtained respectively, and the fluid density is obtained according to the vibration frequency of the vibrating diaphragm and the flow rate of the fluid. The device and the method for measuring the fluid density can measure the fluid density in real time, are accurate and reliable, and are simple and easy to operate. Meanwhile, the structure is simple, so that the manufacturing cost is low, and the method is suitable for large-scale industrial production.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a first embodiment of a fluid density measurement device according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the friction generator sensor of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view of the friction generator sensor of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a second embodiment of a fluid density measuring apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a third embodiment of a fluid density measuring apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a fourth embodiment of a device for measuring fluid density according to the present invention;
fig. 7 is a flowchart of an embodiment of a method for measuring fluid density according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following embodiments in order to fully understand the objects, features and effects of the invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a first embodiment of a fluid density measuring device provided in the present invention, and as shown in fig. 1, the fluid density measuring device includes: the friction generator sensor 100, the constant current device 200 and the data acquisition and processing device 300. The friction generator sensor 100 includes a diaphragm (not shown) that vibrates under the action of fluid flow, and is used for converting the vibration generated under the action of fluid flow into an alternating current signal; the constant current device 200 is connected with the friction generator sensor 100, is arranged at one side of the friction generator sensor 100, and is used for keeping the flow speed of the fluid constant before the fluid enters the friction generator sensor 100; the data collecting and processing device 300 is electrically connected to the friction generator sensor 100 and the constant current device 200, and is configured to collect and process an ac signal output by the friction generator sensor 100 and a flow rate electrical signal of a fluid output by the constant current device 200, obtain a vibration frequency of the diaphragm and a flow rate of the fluid correspondingly, and obtain a density of the fluid according to the vibration frequency of the diaphragm and the flow rate of the fluid.
Fig. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of the friction generator sensor of fig. 1, and fig. 3 is a perspective view of the friction generator sensor of fig. 1. As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the friction generator sensor 100 includes: the housing 110, the electrode 120, the friction plate 130, the diaphragm 140 that vibrates under the flow of the fluid, and the diaphragm holder 150. Wherein, the electrode 120, the friction plate 130, the diaphragm 140 and the diaphragm holder 150 are all disposed inside the outer shell 110.
Specifically, in conjunction with fig. 1 to 3, the housing 110 is internally formed with a through hole 160 adapted for the passage of a fluid; the electrode 120 is disposed on the inner wall of the housing 110; the friction plate 130 is disposed on one side surface of the electrode 120 not in contact with the inner wall of the outer case 110; the diaphragm 140 has a fixed end and a free end, the fixed end of the diaphragm 140 is fixed on the diaphragm fixing frame 150, and the free end of the diaphragm 140 vibrates under the action of fluid flow; the diaphragm fixing frame 150 is erected on the inner wall of the housing 110, wherein 2 fixing grooves 170 are formed on the opposite side walls of the inner wall of the housing 110, and are used for fixedly erecting the diaphragm fixing frame 150 in the fixing grooves 170, so as to mount and fix the diaphragm 140. When the fluid flows through the through hole 160, the vibrating diaphragm 140 vibrates and rubs against the surface of the friction plate 130, which is not in contact with the electrode 120, to generate an ac signal, and the ac signal is output to the data acquisition and processing device 300 through the electrode 120.
It should be noted that, in the structures shown in fig. 2 and 3, the port of the friction generator sensor 100 near the fixed end of the diaphragm 140 is a fluid input port of the friction generator sensor 100, and the port of the friction generator sensor 100 near the free end of the diaphragm 140 is a fluid output port of the friction generator sensor 100. That is, fluid should be input from the fluid input port of the friction generator sensor 100 and output from the fluid output port of the friction generator sensor 100 to ensure normal vibration of the diaphragm 140 of the friction generator sensor 100. The structure shown in fig. 2 and 3 is only one specific example of the friction generator sensor, and the present invention is not limited to this structure, and any friction generator sensor based on the principle of friction power generation is applicable to the present invention.
When the friction generator sensor is used, since the diaphragm 120 is a fixed component that does not change randomly, the diaphragm density, the diaphragm thickness, and the diaphragm length are known and fixed values, that is, the physical parameters of the friction generator sensor are known and fixed. Wherein the physical parameters of the friction generator sensor include: diaphragm density, diaphragm thickness and diaphragm length.
The constant current device 200 is provided at one side of the friction generator sensor 100, and as shown in fig. 1, the constant current device 200 is provided at the right side of the friction generator sensor 100 for constant flow rate of the fluid before the fluid enters the friction generator sensor 100. The constant flow device 200 is a constant flow device in the prior art, such as a pressure-controlled fluid flow rate constant flow device, and when the fluid flow causes a change in flow rate, the constant flow device automatically adjusts the pressure control to maintain the fluid flow rate constant. The skilled person can select a suitable constant current device according to the actual implementation, and the constant current device is not limited herein.
It should be noted that when the measuring device shown in fig. 1 employs the friction generator sensor shown in fig. 2 and 3, if fluid flows into the friction generator sensor 100 from the left side to the constant flow device 200 under the regulation control of the constant flow device 200, the fluid output port of the friction generator sensor 100 is connected to the input port of the constant flow device 200 on the right side thereof; if the fluid flows into the friction generator sensor 100 from the right side after flowing through the constant flow device 200 under the regulation control of the constant flow device 200, the fluid input port of the friction generator sensor 100 is connected with the output port of the constant flow device 200 on the right side. That is, fluid should be input from the fluid input port of the friction generator sensor 100 and output from the fluid output port of the friction generator sensor 100 to ensure normal vibration of the diaphragm 140 of the friction generator sensor 100.
The data collecting and processing device 300 is electrically connected to the friction generator sensor 100 and the constant current device 200, and is configured to collect and process an ac signal output by the friction generator sensor 100 and a flow rate electrical signal of a fluid output by the constant current device 200, obtain a vibration frequency of the diaphragm and a flow rate of the fluid correspondingly, and obtain a density of the fluid according to the vibration frequency of the diaphragm and the flow rate of the fluid.
The data acquisition processing device 300 is further configured to: and calculating to obtain the fluid density according to the known proportionality coefficient, the physical parameters of the friction generator sensor 100, the vibration frequency of the diaphragm obtained through acquisition and processing and the fluid flow rate.
Specifically, the fluid density has a proportional relationship with the diaphragm density, the diaphragm thickness, the diaphragm length, the diaphragm vibration frequency, and the fluid flow rate, where the proportional coefficient is known to be a coefficient measured through experiments. After the data acquisition and processing device 300 obtains the vibration frequency of the diaphragm and the fluid flow rate, the fluid density can be calculated according to the data by using the following formula:
ρf＝Kω2
Κ＝κρshL/U2
where ρ isfIs the fluid density, K is a known physical parameter, omega is the vibration frequency of the diaphragm, kappa is a known proportionality coefficient, rhosFor diaphragm density, h is diaphragm thickness, L is diaphragm length, and U is fluid flow rate.
According to the fluid density measuring device provided by the invention, after fluid with constant flow rate enters the friction generator sensor, the data acquisition and processing device acquires and processes the alternating current electric signal output by the friction generator sensor and the flow rate electric signal output by the constant flow device, so as to respectively obtain the vibration frequency of the vibrating diaphragm and the flow rate of the fluid correspondingly, and obtain the fluid density according to the vibration frequency of the vibrating diaphragm and the flow rate of the fluid. The fluid density measuring device provided by the invention can measure the fluid density in real time, is accurate and reliable, and has a simple structure and is easy to operate. Meanwhile, the structure is simple, so that the manufacturing cost is low, and the method is suitable for large-scale industrial production.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a second embodiment of the fluid density measuring apparatus according to the present invention. As shown in fig. 4, on the basis of the first embodiment shown in fig. 1, the device for measuring the density of the fluid further includes: and the fluid source device 400 is connected with the constant current device 200, is arranged on the right side of the constant current device 200, and is used for injecting fluid into the friction generator sensor 100 under the action of the constant current device 200. To prevent intermittent fluid flow, the fluid source device 400 can be regulated to ensure that fluid continues to flow into the constant flow device 200 and thus into the friction generator sensor 100. The constant flow device 200 in the fluid density measuring apparatus shown in fig. 4 sucks a continuous fluid at a constant flow rate from the fluid source device 400, and causes the constant flow rate to flow into the friction generator sensor 100 from the right side.
When the measuring device shown in fig. 4 employs the friction generator sensor shown in fig. 2 and 3, since the fluid flows into the friction generator sensor 100 from the right side after passing through the constant flow device 200 under the regulation control of the constant flow device 200, the fluid input port of the friction generator sensor 100 is connected to the output port of the constant flow device 200 on the right side thereof. That is, the fluid in the fluid source device 400 is input from the fluid input port of the friction generator sensor 100 and output from the fluid output port of the friction generator sensor 100, so as to ensure the normal vibration of the diaphragm 140 of the friction generator sensor 100.
In addition, the fluid source device 400 can be electrically connected to the data acquisition and processing device 300, and is used for injecting fluid with known density into the friction generator sensor 100 under the action of the constant current device 200, and outputting a density electric signal of the fluid with known density to the data acquisition and processing device 300. The data acquisition and processing device 300 acquires the density electrical signal of the fluid with known density output by the processing fluid source device 400, and obtains the density of the fluid with known density.
Except for the above differences, the fluid density measuring apparatus of the second embodiment shown in fig. 4 is the same as the fluid density measuring apparatus of the first embodiment shown in fig. 1, and the description thereof is omitted.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a third embodiment of the fluid density measurement device provided by the present invention. The difference between the fluid density measuring apparatus of the third embodiment shown in fig. 5 and the fluid density measuring apparatus of the second embodiment shown in fig. 4 is that: the fluid source device 400 is connected to the friction generator sensor 100 and is disposed on the left side of the friction generator sensor 100. When the measuring device shown in fig. 5 employs the friction generator sensor shown in fig. 2 and 3, since the fluid flows into the friction generator sensor 100 from the left side to the constant current device 200 under the regulation control of the constant current device 200, the fluid output port of the friction generator sensor 100 is connected to the input port of the constant current device 200 on the right side thereof. That is, the fluid in the fluid source device 400 is input from the fluid input port of the friction generator sensor 100 and output from the fluid output port of the friction generator sensor 100, so as to ensure the normal vibration of the diaphragm 140 of the friction generator sensor 100.
Except for the above differences, the fluid density measuring apparatus of the third embodiment shown in fig. 5 is the same as the fluid density measuring apparatus of the second embodiment shown in fig. 4, and the description thereof is omitted.
Further, the known proportionality coefficients in the above embodiments are obtained by injecting a fluid with a known density into the measuring device in the above embodiments through repeated experiments, as described below.
When a fluid of known density is injected into the fluid source device 400 shown in fig. 4 and 5, the fluid of known density in the fluid source device 400 is injected into the friction generator sensor 100 through the constant flow device 200 at a constant flow rate. At this time, since the fluid source device 400 is electrically connected to the data acquisition and processing device 300, an electrical density signal of the fluid with a known density is output to the data acquisition and processing device 300. The data acquisition and processing device 300 acquires the density electrical signal of the fluid with known density output by the processing fluid source device 400, and obtains the density of the fluid with known density. Therefore, in the case of obtaining the density of the fluid with a known density and the diaphragm of the friction generator sensor 100 is fixed (i.e. the diaphragm density, the diaphragm thickness, and the diaphragm length are fixed values), after obtaining the diaphragm vibration frequency and the fluid flow rate, the data acquisition and processing device 300 may further convert and calculate the known proportionality coefficient according to the above data by using the formula provided in the first embodiment:
K＝ρf/ω2
κ＝KU2/ρshL
where κ is a known proportionality coefficient, K is a known physical parameter, ρfIs the fluid density, omega is the vibration frequency of the diaphragm, rhosFor diaphragm density, h is diaphragm thickness, L is diaphragm length, and U is fluid flow rate.
According to the fluid density measuring device provided by the invention, experiments can be repeated, and the known proportionality coefficient can be further calibrated and corrected, so that the fluid density can be measured more accurately. Of course, it is also possible to directly set the density of the fluid with known density in the data acquisition and processing device 300 to obtain the known proportionality coefficient, or directly set the determined known proportionality coefficient in the data acquisition and processing device 300, so as to avoid the above-mentioned process of measuring the known proportionality coefficient.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a fourth embodiment of the fluid density measuring apparatus according to the present invention. The fluid density measuring apparatus of the fourth embodiment shown in fig. 6 is different from the fluid density measuring apparatus of the second embodiment shown in fig. 4 in that: fluid source device 400 is a controllable pressure air source device. The controllable pressure air source device 400 is connected to the friction generator sensor 100 and the constant current device 200, and may be electrically connected to the data acquisition and processing device 300. As shown in fig. 6, the friction generator sensor 100 and the constant flow device 200 are arranged in a controllable pressure air supply device 400, and the air supplied by the controllable pressure air supply device 400 can flow through the channel connecting the friction generator sensor 100 and the constant flow device 200. The controllable pressure air source device 400 is used for adjusting the pressure of fluid, injecting fluid with constant flow rate under different pressures into the friction generator sensor 100 through the constant flow device 200, and outputting corresponding pressure electric signals to the data acquisition and processing device 300.
The data acquisition processing device 300 is further configured to: the pressure electrical signals of the fluid under different pressures output by the controllable pressure air source device 400 are collected and processed to obtain the corresponding pressures of the fluid under different pressures, and the densities of the fluid under different pressures are calculated according to the pressures of the fluid under different pressures and known physical parameters. Wherein the known physical parameters include: the ideal gas constant and the thermodynamic temperature of the ideal gas.
In particular, the pressure P and density ρ of the fluid itselffP ═ PfThe relationship of RT (ideal gas equation of state), where R is the ideal gas constant and T is the thermodynamic temperature of the ideal gas, i.e., the pressure and density have a linear relationship, can be achieved by changing the pressure. Therefore, according to the ideal gas state equation formula, the density of the fluid under different pressures can be calculated.
The data acquisition and processing device is further used for: and calculating to obtain the known proportionality coefficient according to the density of the fluid under different pressures, the physical parameters of the friction generator sensor, the vibration frequency of the diaphragm and the flow rate of the fluid, which are acquired and processed by the data acquisition and processing device when the fluid under different pressures is injected.
In practical application, the known proportionality coefficient often needs to be corrected through repeated experimental calibration according to actual conditions, and in order to obtain more accurate fluid density, the measuring device shown in the fourth embodiment is adopted, and the ideal gas state equation P is rhofAnd RT, changing the gas density by changing the gas pressure, measuring the known proportionality coefficient under any density value by using the following formula, and further calibrating and correcting the known proportionality coefficient to obtain more accurate gas density:
K＝ρf/ω2
κ＝KU2/ρshL
where κ is a known proportionality coefficient, K is a known physical parameter, ρfIs the fluid density, omega is the vibration frequency of the diaphragm, rhosFor diaphragm density, h is diaphragm thickness, L is diaphragm length, and U is fluid flow rate.
According to the fluid density measuring device provided by the invention, experiments can be repeated, and the known proportionality coefficient is further calibrated, so that the fluid density can be measured more accurately.
Except for the above differences, the fluid density measuring apparatus of the fourth embodiment shown in fig. 6 is the same as the fluid density measuring apparatus of the second embodiment shown in fig. 4, and the description thereof is omitted.
It should be noted that the fluid density measuring devices of the first to third embodiments are applicable to measurement of not only gas density but also liquid density; the fluid density measuring device of the fourth embodiment is only suitable for measuring the gas density.
Fig. 7 is a flowchart of an embodiment of a method for measuring a fluid density provided by the present invention, and as shown in fig. 7, the method of the present embodiment specifically includes the following steps:
step S101, injecting fluid into the friction generator sensor by using a constant flow device.
The friction generator sensor comprises: shell, electrode, friction disc, vibrating diaphragm and vibrating diaphragm mount, when the fluid flows through the vibrating diaphragm, the vibrating diaphragm can be because the unstability takes place the vibration, and the vibrating diaphragm that takes place the vibration can rub with the friction disc contact to make electrode output alternating current signal. When the friction generator sensor is used, because the vibrating diaphragm is a fixed component which cannot be changed randomly, the density, the thickness and the length of the vibrating diaphragm are known fixed values, namely the physical parameters of the friction generator sensor are known fixed. Wherein the physical parameters of the friction generator sensor include: diaphragm density, diaphragm thickness and diaphragm length.
The constant flow device is arranged on one side of the friction generator sensor and is used for keeping the flow speed of the fluid constant before the fluid enters the friction generator sensor. The constant flow device may control the flow rate of the fluid using pressure, and automatically adjust the pressure control to maintain a constant fluid flow rate when the fluid flow causes a change in the flow rate. The constant current device may be a suitable constant current device according to an actual implementation situation, and is not limited herein.
Step S102, collecting and processing an alternating current signal output by vibration of a vibrating diaphragm of a friction generator sensor and a flow speed electric signal of fluid output by a constant flow device in the fluid injection process, and respectively and correspondingly obtaining vibration frequency of the vibrating diaphragm and flow speed of the fluid.
The data acquisition and processing device is electrically connected with the friction generator sensor and the constant flow device, and can acquire and process alternating current electric signals output by the friction generator sensor and flow speed electric signals of fluid output by the constant flow device in the fluid injection process to respectively and correspondingly obtain vibration frequency of the vibrating diaphragm and flow speed of the fluid.
And S103, obtaining the fluid density according to the vibration frequency of the diaphragm and the fluid flow rate obtained through the acquisition and processing.
Specifically, the fluid density has a proportional relationship with the diaphragm density, the diaphragm thickness, the diaphragm length, the diaphragm vibration frequency, and the fluid flow rate, where the known proportionality coefficient is a coefficient measured by repeated experiments. And the data acquisition and processing device calculates the fluid density according to the known proportionality coefficient, the physical parameters of the friction generator sensor, the vibration frequency of the vibration diaphragm obtained through acquisition and processing and the fluid flow rate.
Calculating the fluid density according to the known proportionality coefficient, the physical parameters of the friction generator sensor, the vibration frequency of the diaphragm obtained through acquisition and processing and the fluid flow rate, and further comprising the following steps: the fluid density is calculated using the following equation:
ρf＝Kω2
Κ＝κρshL/U2
where ρ isfIs the fluid density, K is a known physical parameter, omega is the vibration frequency of the diaphragm, kappa is a known proportionality coefficient, rhosFor diaphragm density, h is diaphragm thickness, L is diaphragm length, and U is fluid flow rate.
The measurement method of the present embodiment can be applied to the measurement devices of the first to fourth embodiments for measurement and calculation. According to the fluid density measuring method provided by the invention, after fluid with a constant flow rate enters the friction generator sensor, the data acquisition and processing device acquires and processes the alternating current electric signal output by the friction generator sensor and the flow rate electric signal output by the constant flow device, so as to respectively obtain the vibration frequency of the vibrating diaphragm and the flow rate of the fluid correspondingly, and obtain the fluid density according to the vibration frequency of the vibrating diaphragm and the flow rate of the fluid. The fluid density measuring method provided by the invention can be used for measuring the fluid density in real time, is accurate and reliable, and is simple in steps and easy to calculate.
The measuring method of the embodiment is applied to the measuring device of the first embodiment, and since the fluid source device is not provided, the density of the fluid with the known density can be directly set in the data acquisition and processing device to calculate the known proportionality coefficient, or the determined known proportionality coefficient is directly set in the data acquisition and processing device, so that the process of determining the known proportionality coefficient is avoided.
The measuring method of the embodiment is applied to the measuring devices of the second embodiment and the third embodiment, before the fluid is injected into the friction generator sensor by using the constant flow device, the fluid with the known density is injected into the fluid source device, and the density electric signal of the fluid with the known density output by the fluid source device is collected and processed to obtain the density of the fluid with the known density. And then the fluid with the known density in the fluid source device is injected into the friction generator sensor through the constant flow device. And acquiring and processing an alternating current signal output by vibration of a vibrating diaphragm of the friction generator sensor and a flow speed electric signal of fluid output by the constant flow device in the process of injecting the fluid with known density, and respectively and correspondingly obtaining the vibration frequency of the vibrating diaphragm and the flow speed of the fluid. According to the density of the fluid with known density, the physical parameters (namely the diaphragm density, the diaphragm thickness and the diaphragm length) of the friction generator sensor and the diaphragm vibration frequency and the fluid flow rate acquired and processed by the data acquisition and processing device in the injection process of the fluid with known density, the known proportionality coefficient can be further obtained through conversion and calculation by using the formula provided by the embodiment of the method:
K＝ρf/ω2
κ＝KU2/ρshL
where κ is a known proportionality coefficient, K is a known physical parameter, ρfIs the fluid density, omega is the vibration frequency of the diaphragm, rhosFor diaphragm density, h is diaphragm thickness, L is diaphragm length, and U is fluid flow rate.
Optionally, the measuring method of the present embodiment is applied to the measuring device of the fourth embodiment, and before the fluid is injected into the friction generator sensor by using the constant flow device, the fluid is injected into the controllable pressure air source device to generate the fluid under different pressures. Acquiring and processing pressure electric signals of the fluid under different pressures output by the controllable pressure air source device to obtain the corresponding pressure of the fluid under different pressures, and calculating to obtain the density of the fluid under different pressures according to the pressure of the fluid under different pressures and known physical parameters (namely an ideal gas constant and the thermodynamic temperature of the ideal gas).
And injecting the fluids under different pressures into the friction generator sensor through the constant flow device, collecting and processing alternating current signals output by vibration of a vibrating diaphragm of the friction generator sensor and flow speed electric signals of the fluids output by the constant flow device in the injection process of the fluids under different pressures, and respectively and correspondingly obtaining vibration frequency of the vibrating diaphragm and flow speed of the fluids. And calculating to obtain the known proportionality coefficient according to the density of the fluid under different pressures, the physical parameters of the friction generator sensor and the vibration frequency and the fluid flow rate of the diaphragm acquired and processed by the data acquisition and processing device in the fluid injection process under different pressures by referring to the calculation formula of the known proportionality coefficient.
In practical application, the known proportionality coefficient often needs to be calibrated and corrected by repeated experiments according to practical situations, and in order to obtain more accurate fluid density, the constant-current device and the friction generator sensor are arranged in a controllable pressure air source device capable of controlling pressure change by adopting the device of the fourth embodiment. Due to gas pressure P and gas density ρfPresence of P ═ PfRT (ideal gas state equation), namely, the gas pressure and the gas density have a linear relation, so that the purpose of changing the gas density can be achieved by changing the gas pressure, the known proportionality coefficient under any density value can be measured, and the more accurate gas density can be measured by correcting and calibrating the known proportionality coefficient.
According to the fluid density measuring method provided by the invention, experiments can be repeatedly carried out, and the known proportionality coefficient is further calibrated and corrected, so that the fluid density is more accurately measured.
The various modules and circuits mentioned in the present invention are all circuits implemented by hardware, and although some of the modules and circuits integrate software, the present invention protects hardware circuits integrating the corresponding functions of the software, not just the software itself.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the arrangement of devices shown in the figures or embodiments is merely schematic and representative of a logical arrangement. Where modules shown as separate components may or may not be physically separate, components shown as modules may or may not be physical modules.
Finally, it is noted that: the above-mentioned embodiments are only examples of the present invention, and it is a matter of course that those skilled in the art can make modifications and variations to the present invention, and it is considered that the present invention is protected by the modifications and variations if they are within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents.
Claims (19)
1. A fluid density measuring device, comprising: the device comprises a friction generator sensor, a constant current device and a data acquisition and processing device; wherein,
the friction generator sensor comprises a vibrating diaphragm which vibrates under the action of fluid flow and is used for converting the vibration generated under the action of the fluid flow into an alternating current signal;
the constant flow device is connected with the friction generator sensor and is used for keeping the flow speed of the fluid constant before the fluid enters the friction generator sensor;
the data acquisition and processing device is respectively electrically connected with the friction generator sensor and the constant flow device and is used for acquiring and processing an alternating current signal output by the friction generator sensor and a flow speed signal of fluid output by the constant flow device, respectively and correspondingly obtaining vibration frequency of the vibrating diaphragm and flow speed of the fluid, and obtaining density of the fluid according to the vibration frequency of the vibrating diaphragm and the flow speed of the fluid.
2. The device for measuring the density of the fluid according to claim 1, further comprising a fluid source device, wherein the fluid source device is connected with the friction generator sensor or the constant flow device and is used for injecting the fluid into the friction generator sensor under the action of the constant flow device.
3. The fluid density measurement device of claim 1, wherein the friction generator sensor further comprises: the device comprises a shell, an electrode, a friction plate and a vibrating diaphragm fixing frame;
a through hole suitable for fluid to pass through is formed in the shell; the electrode is arranged on the inner wall of the shell; the friction plate is arranged on the surface of one side of the electrode, which is not in contact with the inner wall of the shell; the vibrating diaphragm fixing frame is erected on the inner wall of the shell, and the vibrating diaphragm is arranged on the vibrating diaphragm fixing frame;
when fluid flows through the through hole, the vibrating diaphragm vibrates, the vibrating diaphragm is in contact friction with the surface of one side, which is not in contact with the electrode, of the friction plate to generate an alternating current signal, and the alternating current signal is output to the data acquisition and processing device through the electrode.
4. The apparatus for measuring the density of a fluid according to claim 2, wherein the data acquisition and processing device is further configured to: and calculating to obtain the fluid density according to the known proportionality coefficient, the physical parameters of the friction generator sensor, the vibration frequency of the vibrating diaphragm obtained through acquisition and processing and the fluid flow rate.
5. The device for measuring the density of a fluid according to claim 4, wherein the physical parameters of the friction generator sensor comprise: diaphragm density, diaphragm thickness and diaphragm length.
6. The apparatus for measuring the density of a fluid according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the fluid source apparatus is further electrically connected to the data acquisition and processing apparatus, and further configured to: and injecting fluid with known density into the friction generator sensor under the action of the constant flow device, and outputting a density electric signal of the fluid with known density to the data acquisition and processing device.
7. The apparatus for measuring the density of a fluid according to claim 6, wherein the data acquisition and processing device is further configured to: and acquiring and processing a density electric signal of the fluid with the known density output by the fluid source device to obtain the density of the fluid with the known density.
8. The apparatus for measuring the density of a fluid according to claim 7, wherein the data acquisition and processing device is further configured to: and calculating to obtain the known proportionality coefficient according to the density of the fluid with the known density, the physical parameters of the friction generator sensor, and the vibration frequency and the fluid flow rate of the diaphragm acquired and processed by the data acquisition and processing device when the fluid with the known density is injected.
9. The device for measuring the density of the fluid according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the fluid source device is a controllable pressure air source device, the controllable pressure air source device is respectively connected with the friction generator sensor and the constant flow device, and is also electrically connected with the data acquisition and processing device, and is used for adjusting the pressure of the fluid, injecting the fluid under different pressures into the friction generator sensor through the constant flow device, and outputting corresponding pressure electric signals to the data acquisition and processing device.
10. The apparatus for measuring the density of a fluid according to claim 9, wherein the data acquisition and processing device is further configured to: acquiring and processing pressure electric signals of the fluid under different pressures output by the controllable pressure air source device to obtain the corresponding pressure of the fluid under different pressures, and calculating to obtain the density of the fluid under different pressures according to the pressure of the fluid under different pressures and known physical parameters.
11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the known physical parameters comprise: the ideal gas constant and the thermodynamic temperature of the ideal gas.
12. The apparatus for measuring the density of a fluid according to claim 10 or 11, wherein the data acquisition and processing device is further configured to: and calculating to obtain the known proportionality coefficient according to the density of the fluid under different pressures, the physical parameters of the friction generator sensor, and the vibration frequency and the fluid flow rate of the diaphragm acquired and processed by the data acquisition and processing device when the fluid under different pressures is injected.
13. A method for measuring the density of a fluid, which is characterized by using the fluid density measuring apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 12, the method comprising:
injecting fluid into the friction generator sensor by using a constant flow device;
collecting and processing an alternating current signal output by vibration of a vibrating diaphragm of the friction generator sensor and a flow speed electric signal of the fluid output by the constant flow device in the fluid injection process, and respectively and correspondingly obtaining vibration frequency of the vibrating diaphragm and flow speed of the fluid;
and obtaining the fluid density according to the vibration frequency of the diaphragm and the fluid flow rate obtained by collection and processing.
14. The method for measuring the density of the fluid according to claim 13, wherein the obtaining the density of the fluid according to the vibration frequency of the diaphragm and the flow rate of the fluid obtained by the collecting and processing further comprises: and calculating to obtain the fluid density according to the known proportionality coefficient, the physical parameters of the friction generator sensor, the vibration frequency of the vibrating diaphragm obtained through acquisition and processing and the fluid flow rate.
15. The method of measuring fluid density of claim 14, wherein the physical parameters of the friction generator sensor include: diaphragm density, diaphragm thickness and diaphragm length.
16. The method of claim 15, wherein the calculating the fluid density according to the known proportionality coefficient, the physical parameters of the friction generator sensor, the diaphragm vibration frequency and the fluid flow rate further comprises:
the fluid density is calculated using the following equation:
ρf＝Kω2
Κ＝κρshL/U2
where ρ isfIs the fluid density, K is a known physical parameter, omega is the vibration frequency of the diaphragm, kappa is a known proportionality coefficient, rhosFor diaphragm density, h is diaphragm thickness, L is diaphragm length, and U is fluid flow rate.
17. The method of measuring fluid density of claim 14 or 15 or 16, wherein prior to said injecting fluid into the friction generator sensor with the constant flow device, the method further comprises:
injecting a fluid of known density into the fluid source device;
acquiring and processing a density electric signal of the fluid with known density output by the fluid source device to obtain the density of the fluid with known density;
injecting a fluid of known density in the fluid source device into the friction generator sensor through the constant flow device; collecting and processing an alternating current signal output by vibration of a vibrating diaphragm of the friction generator sensor and a fluid flow rate electric signal output by the constant flow device in the process of injecting the fluid with the known density, and respectively and correspondingly obtaining vibration frequency of the vibrating diaphragm and fluid flow rate;
and calculating to obtain the known proportionality coefficient according to the density of the fluid with the known density, the physical parameters of the friction generator sensor, and the vibration frequency of the diaphragm and the flow rate of the fluid, which are acquired and processed by the data acquisition and processing device in the injection process of the fluid with the known density.
18. A method of measuring fluid density according to claim 14 or 15 or 16 wherein the fluid source means is a controllable pressure air source means and prior to said injecting fluid into the friction generator sensor using the constant flow means, the method further comprises:
injecting fluid into the controllable pressure air source device to generate fluid under different pressures;
acquiring and processing pressure electric signals of the fluid under different pressures output by the controllable pressure air source device to obtain the corresponding pressure of the fluid under different pressures, and calculating to obtain the density of the fluid under different pressures according to the pressure of the fluid under different pressures and known physical parameters;
injecting the fluid under different pressures into the friction generator sensor through the constant flow device;
collecting and processing an alternating current signal output by vibration of a vibrating diaphragm of the friction generator sensor and a flow speed electric signal of the fluid output by the constant flow device in the fluid injection process under different pressures, and respectively and correspondingly obtaining vibration frequency of the vibrating diaphragm and flow speed of the fluid;
and calculating to obtain the known proportionality coefficient according to the density of the fluid under different pressures, the physical parameters of the friction generator sensor, and the vibration frequency and the fluid flow rate of the diaphragm acquired and processed by the data acquisition and processing device in the injection process of the fluid under different pressures.
19. The method of measuring fluid density of claim 18, wherein the known physical parameters include: the ideal gas constant and the thermodynamic temperature of the ideal gas.
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