CN105973673A - Paraffin sectioning method for eucalyptus tissue - Google Patents
Paraffin sectioning method for eucalyptus tissue Download PDFInfo
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- CN105973673A CN105973673A CN201610511965.6A CN201610511965A CN105973673A CN 105973673 A CN105973673 A CN 105973673A CN 201610511965 A CN201610511965 A CN 201610511965A CN 105973673 A CN105973673 A CN 105973673A
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Classifications
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- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
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- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/286—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q involving mechanical work, e.g. chopping, disintegrating, compacting, homogenising
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/286—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q involving mechanical work, e.g. chopping, disintegrating, compacting, homogenising
- G01N2001/2873—Cutting or cleaving
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Abstract
本发明属于植物显微观测技术领域,公开了一种桉树组织的石蜡切片方法。该方法包括取材和固定、洗涤、脱水、透明、透蜡、包埋、切片、展片、贴片和烤片、脱蜡复水、染色、脱水和复染、封片。本发明采用新型固定液聚羟基丙烯酸,该固定液固定速度快,可以大大减少固定时间,并且可以使固定更加均匀;同时,我们使用完全无毒的TO透明剂代替二甲苯,TO透明剂25℃以上能与95%的乙醇互溶,能溶解石蜡和封固树胶,挥发性好,对常用生物染料染色无不良影响,且透明和脱蜡效果较好,透明后,组织不易变脆,切片可保持完整;还使用封片剂CVmount替代中性树胶。本发明通过优化石蜡制片中的固定、脱水和封片步骤,在保证切片效果的前提下,使制片周期缩短了至少72h。
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant microscopic observation, and discloses a method for paraffin sectioning eucalyptus tissue. The method includes sampling and fixation, washing, dehydration, transparency, paraffin penetration, embedding, sectioning, spreading, patching and baking, dewaxing and rehydration, dyeing, dehydration and counterstaining, and sealing. The present invention adopts a new type of fixative polyhydroxyacrylic acid, which has a fast fixation speed, can greatly reduce the fixation time, and can make the fixation more uniform; at the same time, we use a completely non-toxic TO transparent agent instead of xylene, and the TO transparent agent is kept at 25°C The above can be miscible with 95% ethanol, can dissolve paraffin and sealing gum, has good volatility, has no adverse effect on the dyeing of common biological dyes, and has good transparent and dewaxing effects. Intact; also use mountant CVmount instead of neutral gum. By optimizing the steps of fixation, dehydration and sealing in paraffin wax slice production, the present invention shortens the slice production period by at least 72 hours on the premise of ensuring the slice effect.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于植物显微观测技术领域,特别涉及一种桉树(Eucalyptus)组织的石蜡切片方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of plant microscopic observation, in particular to a method for paraffin sectioning Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus) tissue.
背景技术Background technique
石蜡切片(paraffin section)技术的应用已经有300多年的历史,是植物组织结构学常规制片技术中最为广泛应用的方法之一。石蜡切片不仅可用于观察植物正常细胞组织的形态结构,也是病理学和法医学等学科用以观察、研究及判断细胞组织的形态变化的主要方法,而且也已相当广泛地用于基础生物学等多学科领域的研究中。近年来,随着生物科学技术的发展,植物生态解剖学和分子生物学的兴起,石蜡切片技术更加活跃地应用于植物科学研究领域,成为了不同生境植物或演替系列优势种生态适应性研究的重要手段。The application of paraffin section technology has a history of more than 300 years, and it is one of the most widely used methods in the routine preparation technology of plant histology. Paraffin section can not only be used to observe the morphological structure of normal plant cells and tissues, but also the main method for observing, researching and judging the morphological changes of cells and tissues in pathology and forensic science, and it has also been widely used in basic biology and other fields. research in the subject area. In recent years, with the development of biological science and technology, and the rise of plant ecological anatomy and molecular biology, paraffin section technology has been more actively used in the field of plant science research, and has become an important tool for the study of ecological adaptability of plants in different habitats or succession series of dominant species. important means.
石蜡切片技术包括取材、固定、洗涤、脱水、透明、浸蜡、包埋、切片、贴片、脱蜡、染色、脱水、透明、封片等步骤。取材应根据要求选取材料来源及部位,材料必须新鲜,搁置时间过久则产生蛋白质分解和变性,导致细胞自溶及细菌的滋生,而不能反映组织活体时的形态结构。固定是指用适当的固定液浸渍切成小块的新鲜材料,迅速凝固或沉淀细胞和组织中的物质成分、终止细胞的一切代谢过程、防止细胞自溶或组织变化,尽可能保持其取材时的结构。固定能使组织硬化,有利于切片的进行,而且有媒浸作用,有利于组织着色。洗涤就是将留在组织内的固定液及其结晶沉淀洗净,否则会影响后期的染色效果。脱水是使用一定的试剂除去组织中多余的水分,有利于透明,浸蜡,包埋试剂的浸入。透明是指使用透明剂来置换组织中的脱水剂,使材料透明干净,增加折光系数,以便石蜡渗入组织。浸蜡是用石蜡取代透明剂,使石蜡浸入组织而起支持作用,使材料可用于切片。染色的目的是使细胞组织内的不同结构呈现不同的颜色以便于观察,经染色可显示细胞内不同的细胞器、内含物以及不同类型的细胞组织。染色后的切片尚不能在显微镜下观察,需经梯度酒精脱水,二甲苯透明,滴加适量中性树胶,盖盖玻片封片后即制成永久性玻片标本,在光镜下可长期反复观察。一般的组织从取材、固定到封片制成玻片标本需要5~7天。Paraffin section technology includes the steps of sampling, fixing, washing, dehydration, clearing, paraffin dipping, embedding, slicing, patching, dewaxing, staining, dehydration, clearing, and sealing. The source and location of the material should be selected according to the requirements. The material must be fresh. If it is left for too long, it will cause protein decomposition and denaturation, resulting in cell autolysis and bacterial growth, and cannot reflect the morphology of the tissue in vivo. Fixation refers to immersing the fresh material cut into small pieces with an appropriate fixative solution, rapidly coagulating or precipitating the material components in cells and tissues, terminating all metabolic processes of cells, preventing cell autolysis or tissue changes, and keeping the materials as much as possible when they were taken. Structure. Fixation can harden the tissue, which is conducive to the sectioning, and has the effect of media immersion, which is beneficial to the coloring of the tissue. Washing is to wash away the fixative and its crystal precipitation left in the tissue, otherwise it will affect the later staining effect. Dehydration is the use of certain reagents to remove excess water in the tissue, which is conducive to the immersion of transparent, wax-immersed and embedding reagents. Transparency refers to the use of a transparent agent to replace the dehydrating agent in the tissue, making the material transparent and clean, and increasing the refractive index so that the paraffin can penetrate into the tissue. Wax immersion is to replace the transparent agent with paraffin, so that the paraffin can be immersed in the tissue and play a supporting role, so that the material can be used for sectioning. The purpose of staining is to make different structures in cell tissues present different colors for easy observation. After staining, different organelles, contents and different types of cell tissues in cells can be displayed. The stained sections cannot be observed under a microscope yet, they need to be dehydrated by graded alcohol, transparent with xylene, add an appropriate amount of neutral gum dropwise, and seal the coverslip to make a permanent slide specimen, which can be used for a long time under a light microscope. Observe repeatedly. Generally, it takes 5 to 7 days for a general tissue to be taken, fixed, and sealed to make a slide specimen.
石蜡切片常用的固定液主要有FAA固定液(主要成分为福尔马林、醋酸和酒精,固定8~24h),FPA固定液(主要成分为福尔马林、丙酸和酒精,固定8~24h),卡诺氏(Carnoy’s)固定液(主要成分为酒精和乙酸;酒精、乙酸和氯仿;甲醇、乙酸和氯仿;根尖、花药固定15~30min,其他材料固定时不超过24h),铬酸-乙酸固定液(主要成分为铬酸、乙酸和麦芽糖,固定12~24h),纳瓦申(Navashin’s)固定液(主要成分为铬酸、乙酸和甲醛,固定12~24h)。其中甲醛、甲醇、乙醇、乙酸和氯仿易挥发,而且甲醛、甲醇和氯仿对人体有毒害作用,并对环境造成污染。常规固定液固定时间一般较长,一般在8h~24h之间。整个制片过程中,组织的透明、切片的脱蜡和切片的透明等步骤都离不开二甲苯,该试剂是常规植物切片技术必用试剂。但是,二甲苯为挥发性强的剧毒化学试剂,对人的呼吸、造血及神经系统具有很强的毒害作用,也是致癌物质之一,严重危害长期从事组织切片实验人员的健康;另外,二甲苯用于切片制片时对组织穿透能力强,透明时间不好把握,易使切片组织收缩,发硬变脆,增加了切片制作的难度,容易形成废片,浪费材料。因此,寻找二甲苯的无毒性替代品对改善石蜡切片工作环境,保护操作者健康和提高切片质量具有重要意义。The commonly used fixatives for paraffin sections mainly include FAA fixative (mainly composed of formalin, acetic acid and alcohol, fixed for 8-24 hours), FPA fixative (mainly composed of formalin, propionic acid and alcohol, fixed for 8-24 hours). 24h), Carnoy's fixative (the main components are alcohol and acetic acid; alcohol, acetic acid and chloroform; methanol, acetic acid and chloroform; root tips and anthers are fixed for 15-30 minutes, other materials are fixed for no more than 24 hours), chromium Acid-acetic acid fixative (mainly composed of chromic acid, acetic acid and maltose, fixed for 12-24 hours), Navashin's fixed solution (mainly composed of chromic acid, acetic acid and formaldehyde, fixed for 12-24 hours). Among them, formaldehyde, methanol, ethanol, acetic acid and chloroform are volatile, and formaldehyde, methanol and chloroform are toxic to human body and pollute the environment. The fixation time of conventional fixatives is generally longer, usually between 8h and 24h. During the whole slice making process, steps such as tissue transparency, section dewaxing, and section transparency are all inseparable from xylene, which is a necessary reagent for conventional plant sectioning techniques. However, xylene is a highly volatile and highly toxic chemical reagent, which has a strong toxic effect on human breathing, hematopoiesis and nervous system, and is also one of the carcinogens, seriously endangering the health of those who have been engaged in tissue section experiments for a long time; in addition, two When toluene is used for slicing, it has a strong ability to penetrate tissue, and it is difficult to grasp the clearing time. It is easy to make the sliced tissue shrink, become hard and brittle, increase the difficulty of slicing, and easily form waste pieces and waste materials. Therefore, it is of great significance to find non-toxic substitutes for xylene to improve the working environment of paraffin sections, protect the health of operators and improve the quality of sections.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为了克服上述现有技术的缺点与不足,本发明的首要目的在于提供一种桉树组织的石蜡切片方法。该方法在固定、脱水和封片环节进行了优化,使用聚羟基丙烯酸作为固定剂,并使用TO透明剂替代二甲苯,封片剂CVmount替代中性树胶,在保证切片效果的前提下大大缩短了制片所用时间。In order to overcome the shortcoming and deficiency of above-mentioned prior art, the primary purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of paraffin section method of eucalyptus tissue. This method is optimized in the steps of fixation, dehydration, and mounting. Polyhydroxyacrylic acid is used as a fixative, TO transparent agent is used instead of xylene, and mounting agent CVmount is used instead of neutral gum. Time spent in production.
本发明的目的通过下述方案实现:The object of the present invention is achieved through the following solutions:
一种桉树组织的石蜡切片方法,主要包括以下步骤:A kind of paraffin section method of eucalyptus tissue, mainly comprises the following steps:
(1)取材和固定:取0.3~0.7cm长的桉树幼嫩茎段或初生根作为固定的材料,将材料放入装有聚羟基丙烯酸固定液的玻璃瓶中,密封并抽真空,然后静置,室温下固定1h。(1) Material collection and fixation: take 0.3-0.7cm long eucalyptus young tender stem section or primary root as the fixed material, put the material into a glass bottle equipped with polyhydroxyacrylic acid fixative, seal and vacuumize, then statically and fixed at room temperature for 1 h.
(2)洗涤:将固定后的材料取出,依次移入到装有50%乙醇、70%乙醇、70%乙醇的玻璃瓶中,塞紧瓶塞分别洗涤13~17min,其中玻璃瓶中的液体体积均为材料的30倍以上,然后再将材料移入装有70%乙醇的玻璃瓶中保存备用,同时加入0.05~0.20mL 1%的番红酒精溶液,以便包埋时识别材料。(2) Washing: Take out the fixed materials, transfer them into glass bottles filled with 50% ethanol, 70% ethanol, and 70% ethanol in turn, stopper the bottle stoppers and wash them for 13-17 minutes respectively, wherein the liquid volume in the glass bottles Both are more than 30 times that of the material, and then the material is transferred into a glass bottle filled with 70% ethanol for future use. At the same time, 0.05-0.20 mL of 1% safranin alcohol solution is added to identify the material during embedding.
(3)脱水:将步骤(2)中洗涤后的材料依次移入盛有体积为材料30倍以上的85%乙醇、95%乙醇、无水乙醇、无水乙醇的玻璃瓶中分别脱水处理40~60min。(3) dehydration: the material after washing in step (2) is moved successively into the glass bottles filled with 85% ethanol, 95% ethanol, dehydrated ethanol and dehydrated ethanol whose volume is more than 30 times of the material, and dehydrated for 40-40 ~ 60min.
(4)透明:将经步骤(3)脱水后的材料依次移入装有透明剂Ⅰ、透明剂Ⅱ、透明剂Ⅲ的玻璃瓶中分别透明处理1h。(4) Transparency: transfer the dehydrated materials in step (3) into glass bottles filled with clearing agent I, clearing agent II, and clearing agent III in turn for 1 hour.
(5)透蜡:向步骤(4)中透明处理后的玻璃瓶中加入与瓶中透明剂Ⅲ等体积的碎蜡,然后放入空气恒温箱,处理温度为40℃,处理时间为8h;8h之后将空气恒温箱的温度调整为60℃,处理时间为2h;然后将材料移入预先加热熔化的纯石蜡,60℃透蜡处理4h后更换熔化的纯石蜡,继续在空气恒温箱中60℃透蜡处理2h。(5) Wax penetration: add broken wax equal to the volume of clearing agent III in the bottle to the glass bottle after the transparent treatment in step (4), then put into an air thermostat, the treatment temperature is 40°C, and the treatment time is 8h; After 8 hours, adjust the temperature of the air incubator to 60°C, and the treatment time is 2 hours; then move the material into pre-heated and melted pure paraffin, and after 4 hours of wax penetration treatment at 60°C, replace the melted pure paraffin, and continue to heat in the air incubator at 60°C Wax penetration treatment for 2h.
(6)包埋:将熔好的石蜡倒入包埋纸盒,迅速取出步骤(5)中透蜡后的材料放入包埋纸盒,根据切片的需要用解剖针调整材料的位置;待包埋纸盒中的石蜡表面结成一层蜡膜之后将纸盒在2~6℃冷藏条件下冷却2h,使石蜡由溶液凝固成石蜡块。(6) Embedding: Pour the melted paraffin into the embedding carton, quickly take out the wax-penetrated material in step (5) and put it into the embedding carton, and adjust the position of the material with a dissecting needle according to the needs of sectioning; After the surface of the paraffin embedded in the carton forms a layer of wax film, the carton is cooled at 2-6°C for 2 hours to make the paraffin solidify from the solution into a paraffin block.
(7)切片:将步骤(6)中包埋后的石蜡块经过切割、修整和固着,然后经切片机将石蜡块切成蜡带,切片厚度为8~15μm,将蜡带保存在30%乙醇中。(7) Slicing: the paraffin block embedded in step (6) is cut, trimmed and fixed, then the paraffin block is cut into wax strips through a microtome, the slice thickness is 8-15 μm, and the wax strip is preserved at 30% in ethanol.
(8)展片:将经步骤(7)切片后的蜡带放入30℃~40℃温水展片90~120s,使蜡带完全展开,蜡带光滑一面朝下,蜡带展片后用刀片分割蜡带。(8) Unfolding: Put the wax tape sliced in step (7) into warm water at 30°C to 40°C for 90 to 120 seconds, so that the wax tape is fully unfolded, with the smooth side facing down. Divide the wax ribbon with a razor blade.
(9)贴片和烤片:在洁净载玻片上,涂抹好蛋清甘油贴片剂,将分割好的蜡带贴在载玻片涂有贴片剂的位置上,蜡带光滑一面朝下;然后在蜡带上滴加蒸馏水,确保蜡带被完全浸过后倾斜载玻片倒掉多余的蒸馏水,将贴好切片的载玻片放入空气恒温箱,40℃烤干。(9) Patches and baked slices: On a clean glass slide, apply the egg white glycerin patch, and stick the divided wax tape on the position where the patch is coated on the slide, with the smooth side of the wax tape facing down ; Then add distilled water to the wax tape to ensure that the wax tape is completely soaked, tilt the glass slide to pour off the excess distilled water, put the sliced glass slide into an air incubator, and dry it at 40°C.
(10)脱蜡复水:将步骤(9)中烤干的贴有切片的载玻片放入空气恒温箱中,处理温度为60℃,使切片里的石蜡完全熔化,然后将贴有切片的载玻片依次转入透明剂Ⅲ、透明剂Ⅱ中分别脱蜡处理25min,再转入到透明剂Ⅰ中脱蜡处理10min,再依次转入无水乙醇、95%乙醇、90%乙醇、80%乙醇、70%乙醇和蒸馏水中分别复水处理5min,使石蜡完全褪去,载玻片上只剩下留在原位的材料,即带材料载玻片。(10) Dewaxing and rehydration: Put the sliced glass slides baked in step (9) into an air incubator at a temperature of 60°C to completely melt the paraffin in the slices, and then place the sliced glass slides The glass slides were transferred to clearing agent III and clearing agent II for dewaxing treatment for 25 minutes respectively, then transferred to clearing agent I for dewaxing treatment for 10 minutes, and then transferred to absolute ethanol, 95% ethanol, 90% ethanol, 80% ethanol, 70% ethanol, and distilled water were rehydrated for 5 minutes, so that the paraffin wax completely faded away, and only the material left in place on the slide was left, that is, the slide with material.
(11)染色:将步骤(10)中得到的带材料载玻片转入1%番红酒精溶液,常温下染色22~26h。(11) Staining: transfer the material slide obtained in step (10) into 1% safranin alcohol solution, and stain at room temperature for 22-26 hours.
(12)脱水和复染:(12) Dehydration and counterstaining:
A、将经步骤(11)染色后的带材料载玻片依次转入70%乙醇、80%乙醇中分别脱水处理2min;A, transfer the slides with materials stained in step (11) into 70% ethanol and 80% ethanol in turn for dehydration treatment for 2 min;
B、将经A处理过的带材料载玻片转入0.63%的固绿酒精溶液中复染5s;B. Transfer the material slide treated by A into 0.63% fast green alcohol solution for counterstaining for 5 seconds;
C、将经B复染后的带材料载玻片依次转入95%乙醇、无水乙醇中分别脱水处理2min;C. Transfer the slides with material after B counterstaining to 95% ethanol and absolute ethanol for dehydration treatment for 2 minutes respectively;
D、将经C处理过的带材料载玻片转入无水乙醇中脱水处理1min,再依次转入透明剂Ⅰ、透明剂Ⅱ中分别透明处理5min,最后转入透明剂Ⅲ中透明处理2min。D. Transfer the glass slide with materials treated by C into absolute ethanol for dehydration for 1min, then transfer to clearing agent Ⅰ and clearing agent Ⅱ for 5 minutes respectively, and finally transfer to clearing agent Ⅲ for 2 minutes. .
(13)封片:将经步骤(12)处理后的带材料载玻片从透明剂Ⅲ中取出,用滤纸擦去材料以外多余的透明剂Ⅲ,在透明剂Ⅲ未挥发干时,在载玻片上有材料的区域滴加封片剂,取洁净的盖玻片,缓慢盖在载玻片上,使封片剂布满整个有材料的区域,室温下晾晒1h后即可观察。(13) Sealing: Take out the glass slide with material treated in step (12) from the transparent agent III, use filter paper to wipe off the excess transparent agent III other than the material, and when the transparent agent III is not volatilized to dryness, remove the material on the slide Add mounting agent dropwise to the material area on the glass slide, take a clean cover glass, and slowly cover it on the glass slide, so that the mounting agent covers the entire material area, and observe after drying at room temperature for 1 hour.
上述的步骤(1)~(12)中所用的液体的量均至少能浸没材料;未注明温度的操作均在室温下进行。The amount of liquid used in the above steps (1) to (12) can at least immerse the material; the operations without temperature are all carried out at room temperature.
步骤(1)中所用的材料与聚羟基丙烯酸固定液的体积比为1:(10~30)。The volume ratio of the materials used in step (1) to the polyhydroxyacrylic acid fixative is 1: (10-30).
步骤(1)中所述的密封是指用橡皮塞密封,并在橡皮塞与瓶口接触的地方涂抹凡士林;所述的抽真空是指用注射器抽气3~5次。The sealing described in the step (1) refers to sealing with a rubber stopper, and applying vaseline at the place where the rubber stopper contacts the bottle mouth; the described vacuuming refers to pumping air 3 to 5 times with a syringe.
步骤(4)、(10)、(12)中,所述的透明剂Ⅰ均为TO透明剂和无水乙醇的等体积混合液,所述的透明剂Ⅱ和透明剂Ⅲ均为TO透明剂。In steps (4), (10), and (12), the transparent agent I is an equal-volume mixed solution of TO transparent agent and absolute ethanol, and the transparent agent II and transparent agent III are both TO transparent agents .
步骤(7)中所述的切割、修整和固着的具体操作如下:根据切片机选择合适的台木,将包埋后的石蜡块分割,按照台木尺寸进一步将蜡块修整成四棱台状,然后用酒精灯加热蜡块底部使其稍熔后,迅速固着在台木上,在蜡块和台木接触处滴一圈蜡液,待其凝固后加固蜡块。The specific operations of cutting, trimming and fixing described in step (7) are as follows: select a suitable platform according to the microtome, divide the embedded paraffin block, and further trim the wax block into a square platform according to the size of the platform , and then use an alcohol lamp to heat the bottom of the wax block to make it melt slightly, then quickly fix it on the table wood, drop a circle of wax liquid at the contact between the wax block and the table wood, and strengthen the wax block after it solidifies.
步骤(9)所述的蛋清甘油贴片剂制作方法:将搅拌成泡沫状的蛋清和甘油等体积混合即得蛋清甘油贴片剂,加入防腐剂水杨酸钠后,于4℃条件下可保存3个月以上。The preparation method of the egg white glycerin patch described in step (9): mix the egg white and glycerin equal volumes that have been stirred into foam to obtain the egg white glycerin patch. After adding the preservative sodium salicylate, it can Store for more than 3 months.
步骤(13)中所述的封片剂为CVmount封片剂。The mounting medium described in step (13) is CVmount mounting medium.
本发明的机理为:Mechanism of the present invention is:
(1)本发明使用了新型固定液聚羟基丙烯酸,它渗透力强,可以大大加快固定速度,并且可以固定均匀;它在25~30℃时不易挥发,可高温下固定,也提高了其渗透速度,从而加快了固定的速度,将固定时间从24h大幅缩短至1h。因卡诺氏固定液主要成分是冰醋酸和乙醇,因此,高温固定虽然也可提高速度,但是,因为会蒸发,且蒸发后其体积比会发生改变,导致固定效果不佳。聚羟基丙烯酸尚未在植物中应用,因此,做植物切片的同行很难发现其在植物中用作固定液的功效。(1) The present invention uses a new type of fixative polyhydroxyacrylic acid, which has strong penetration, can greatly accelerate the fixation speed, and can be fixed evenly; it is not volatile at 25-30°C, can be fixed at high temperatures, and also improves its penetration Speed, thus speeding up the fixing speed, greatly reducing the fixing time from 24h to 1h. Because the main components of Carnot's fixative are glacial acetic acid and ethanol, although high temperature fixation can also increase the speed, it will evaporate and its volume ratio will change after evaporation, resulting in poor fixation effect. Polyhydroxyacrylic acid has not been used in plants, so it is difficult for colleagues who do plant sections to find out its efficacy as a fixative in plants.
(2)使用TO透明剂替代二甲苯。TO透明剂是以松节油为主要成分的生物制片透明剂,具有和二甲苯一致的溶解特性,也是既可以溶解酒精,又可溶解石蜡,可完全替代二甲苯在组织透明、切片染色后透明及石蜡切片脱蜡时使用。而且,该试剂对人无毒性,可使整个石蜡切片操作过程变为无毒操作。另外,TO透明剂在制片过程中作用柔和,制片材料不易被硬化,制片易于成功,切片时也不易碎掉,制作出的石蜡切片与传统方法在质量上无明显区别。(2) Use TO transparent agent instead of xylene. TO transparent agent is a bio-film transparent agent with turpentine as the main component. It has the same solubility characteristics as xylene. It can dissolve both alcohol and paraffin. It can completely replace xylene in tissue transparency, section transparency and Used when paraffin sections are dewaxed. Moreover, the reagent is non-toxic to humans, and can make the entire paraffin section operation process a non-toxic operation. In addition, the TO transparent agent has a soft effect during the film-making process, the film-making material is not easy to be hardened, the film-making is easy to succeed, and it is not easy to break when slicing. There is no obvious difference in quality between the produced paraffin sections and the traditional method.
(3)使用封片剂CVmount替代中性树胶封片,使晾片时间从48h缩短至1h。传统方法所使用的中性树胶中含有二甲苯,所以在封片时需要长时间晾干以使二甲苯挥发。CVmount是一种新型的固封材料,具有较好的固封效果,且不含有二甲苯,不需要留有挥发二甲苯所需时间,所以可大大缩短封片时间。(3) Use the mounting agent CVmount instead of neutral gum to seal the slides, shortening the drying time from 48h to 1h. The neutral gum used in the traditional method contains xylene, so it needs to be dried for a long time to volatilize the xylene during mounting. CVmount is a new type of embedding material, which has good embedding effect, does not contain xylene, and does not need to leave the time required for volatilizing xylene, so it can greatly shorten the mounting time.
本发明相对于现有技术,具有如下的优点及有益效果:Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1)本发明使用了新型固定液聚羟基丙烯酸,该固定液固定速度快,可以大大减少固定时间,并且可以使固定更加均匀;它在25~30℃时不易挥发,可在高温下固定,进一步提高了固定的效率。1) the present invention has used novel fixative polyhydroxyacrylic acid, and this fixative fixation speed is fast, can greatly reduce fixation time, and can make fixation more even; It is difficult for volatilization when 25~30 ℃, can be fixed at high temperature, further Improved fixation efficiency.
2)同时,使用完全无毒的TO透明剂代替二甲苯,TO透明剂能溶解乙醇、石蜡和封固树胶,挥发性好,对常用生物染料染色无不良影响,能广泛应用于植物、动物和人体组织的切片制片,完全避免了使用二甲苯对操作者产生的毒害。2) At the same time, completely non-toxic TO transparent agent is used instead of xylene. TO transparent agent can dissolve ethanol, paraffin and sealing gum, has good volatility, and has no adverse effect on the dyeing of commonly used biological dyes. It can be widely used in plants, animals and The slice preparation of human tissue completely avoids the poison to the operator caused by the use of xylene.
3)使用封片剂CVmount替代中性树胶,使得封片时间从48h缩短至1h。3) Using the mounting agent CVmount instead of neutral gum shortens the mounting time from 48h to 1h.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为传统方法制备的切片(A、B)以及本发明的方法制备的切片(C、D)的显微观察对比图。Fig. 1 is a comparison diagram of microscopic observation of slices (A, B) prepared by the traditional method and slices (C, D) prepared by the method of the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步详细的描述,但本发明的实施方式不限于此。The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
本实施例中所用试剂如无特殊说明均可从市场常规购得;本实施例中所用的液体的量均至少能浸没材料;本实施例中未注明温度的均可在室温下进行。The reagents used in this example can be purchased from the market unless otherwise specified; the amount of liquid used in this example can at least immerse the material; the temperature not indicated in this example can be carried out at room temperature.
实施例1:Example 1:
(1)取材和固定(1) Take materials and fix
采用桉树组培苗,除去茎段以外的多余组织如叶,愈伤组织等,取其基部茎段0.5cm长。在茎段体积60倍大小的广口玻璃小瓶中加入体积为材料20倍的聚羟基丙烯酸固定液(由广州市艾发生物医学技术工程有限公司生产,固定速度是1mm/h,第一类医疗器械生产企业登记证号:20090363,10~30℃温度下保存),放入茎段,塞上瓶塞。为防止空气进入小瓶,在橡皮塞上部和橡皮塞与小瓶瓶口接触位置涂抹凡士林。小瓶正放于桌面,用带针头(活塞推至底部)的注射器插入橡皮塞,但不深入固定液液面,进行抽气,抽至最大程度后拔出注射器,排出注射器中的空气,此为一次抽真空。重复该操作4次后静置材料,固定1h。Adopt eucalyptus tissue culture seedling, remove superfluous tissue such as leaf, callus etc. except stem section, get its basal stem section 0.5cm long. Add polyhydroxyacrylic acid fixative (manufactured by Guangzhou Aifa Biomedical Technology Engineering Co., Ltd., with a fixation speed of 1mm/h, first-class medical Device manufacturer registration certificate number: 20090363, stored at a temperature of 10-30°C), put into the stem segment, and put the bottle stopper on. To prevent air from entering the vial, apply petroleum jelly to the top of the rubber stopper and where the rubber stopper meets the mouth of the vial. The vial is placed on the table, insert the rubber stopper with a syringe with a needle (the piston is pushed to the bottom), but do not go deep into the liquid surface of the fixative, and pump air. After pumping to the maximum extent, pull out the syringe to discharge the air in the syringe. This is Vacuum once. After repeating this operation 4 times, let the material rest for 1 hour.
(2)洗涤(2) washing
材料在小瓶中固定1h后打开瓶塞,取出材料放入盛有50%乙醇的小瓶中,体积至少为材料的30倍,塞紧瓶塞。15min后洗涤液更换为70%乙醇,间隔15min后再更换1次70%乙醇洗涤15分钟,然后移入70%乙醇中,同时加入0.1mL 1%的番红酒精溶液。After the material is fixed in the vial for 1 hour, the cork is opened, the material is taken out and placed in a vial filled with 50% ethanol, the volume of which is at least 30 times that of the material, and the cork is tightly closed. After 15 minutes, the washing solution was replaced with 70% ethanol, and then replaced with 70% ethanol for 15 minutes at an interval of 15 minutes, then transferred to 70% ethanol, and 0.1 mL of 1% safranin alcohol solution was added at the same time.
(3)脱水(3) Dehydration
将小瓶中的材料依次移入85%乙醇脱水处理1h,95%乙醇脱水处理1h,无水乙醇(2次)分别脱水处理40min。The materials in the vials were sequentially transferred into 85% ethanol for 1 h dehydration treatment, 95% ethanol dehydration treatment for 1 h, and absolute ethanol (twice) for 40 min dehydration treatment respectively.
(4)透明(4) Transparent
将脱水后的材料依次移入到装有TO透明剂和无水乙醇的等体积混合液、TO透明剂(TO型生物制片透明剂,广西岑溪县松香厂生产;TO透明剂处理2次)的玻璃瓶分别浸泡处理1h。The dehydrated material was successively moved into an equal-volume mixed solution of TO clarifier and absolute ethanol, TO clarifier (TO type biological tablet clarifier, produced by Rosin Factory in Cenxi County, Guangxi; TO clarifier treatment 2 times) The glass bottles were soaked for 1h respectively.
(5)透蜡(5) Through the wax
把一张滤纸叠成筒状,底部封闭,伸入含有TO透明剂的小瓶,将与TO透明剂等体积的碎蜡灌入滤纸筒,盖紧。然后,放入空气恒温箱,处理温度为40℃,处理时间为8h。8h之后将空气恒温箱的温度调整为60℃,处理时间为2h。然后将材料移入预先加热熔化的纯石蜡中60℃透蜡处理4h后,更换熔化的纯石蜡,继续在空气恒温箱中60℃透蜡处理2h。Stack a piece of filter paper into a cylinder with the bottom closed, put it into a vial containing TO clearing agent, pour the crushed wax equal to the volume of TO clearing agent into the filter paper tube, and cover it tightly. Then, put it into an air thermostat, the treatment temperature is 40° C., and the treatment time is 8 hours. After 8 hours, the temperature of the air incubator was adjusted to 60° C., and the treatment time was 2 hours. Then move the material into pre-heated and melted pure paraffin wax at 60°C for 4 hours, replace the melted pure paraffin, and continue the wax penetration treatment at 60°C for 2 hours in an air thermostat.
(6)包埋(6) Embedding
将熔好的石蜡倒入包埋纸盒,迅速取出透蜡后的材料放入包埋纸盒,根据切片的需要用解剖针调整材料的位置。待包埋纸盒中的石蜡表面结成一层蜡膜之后,将纸盒在4℃冷藏条件下冷却2h,使石蜡凝固成石蜡块。Pour the melted paraffin into the embedding carton, quickly take out the paraffin-permeable material and put it into the embedding carton, and adjust the position of the material with a dissecting needle according to the needs of sectioning. After the surface of the paraffin embedded in the carton forms a layer of wax film, the carton is cooled at 4°C for 2 hours to solidify the paraffin into a paraffin block.
(7)修蜡(7) Waxing
根据切片机选择合适的台木,将包埋后含有材料的蜡块分割,按照台木尺寸,修整蜡块成四棱台状,然后用酒精灯加热蜡块底部使其稍熔后,迅速固着在台木上,在蜡块和台木接触处滴一圈蜡液,待其凝固后加固蜡块。Choose the appropriate table wood according to the slicer, divide the wax block containing the material after embedding, trim the wax block into a square table shape according to the size of the table wood, and then heat the bottom of the wax block with an alcohol lamp to make it melt slightly, and then quickly fix it On the table wood, drop a circle of wax liquid at the contact between the wax block and the table wood, and strengthen the wax block after it solidifies.
(8)切片(8) slice
将带有蜡块的台木置于切片机(KD202A轮转式切片机,产自浙江金华科迪仪器设备有限公司)的蜡块嵌内,使蜡块切面与切片平行,将石蜡块切成蜡带,蜡带可暂时保存在30%乙醇中,切片厚度为8μm。Put the table wood with the wax block into the wax block of a microtome (KD202A rotary microtome, produced by Zhejiang Jinhua Kedi Instrument Equipment Co., Ltd.), make the cut surface of the wax block parallel to the section, and cut the paraffin block into wax blocks. Strips, wax strips can be temporarily stored in 30% ethanol, section thickness 8μm.
(9)展片(9) Exhibition
切片结束后将蜡带转入35℃温水中展片100s,蜡带光滑一面朝下。蜡带展片后用刀片分割蜡带。After slicing, transfer the wax strip into warm water at 35°C for 100 seconds, with the smooth side of the wax strip facing down. After the wax tape is spread, the wax tape is divided with a blade.
(10)贴片和烤片(10) Chips and Baked Sheets
在洁净的载玻片上,涂抹好甘油蛋白贴片剂(搅拌成泡沫状的蛋清和甘油以等体积混合制备得到),将分割后的蜡带贴在载玻片涂好贴片剂的位置上,蜡带光滑一面朝下;然后,在蜡带上滴加蒸馏水,确保蜡带被完全浸过后,倾斜载玻片,倒掉多余的蒸馏水,将贴好切片的载玻片放入空气恒温箱,40℃烤干。On a clean glass slide, smear the glycerin protein patch (prepared by mixing equal volumes of egg white and glycerin into foam), and stick the divided wax strips on the slide where the patch has been applied , the smooth side of the wax tape is facing down; then, drop distilled water on the wax tape to ensure that the wax tape is completely soaked, tilt the glass slide, pour off the excess distilled water, and place the sliced glass slide in the air for constant temperature Box, 40 ℃ oven dry.
(11)脱蜡复水(11) Dewaxing and rehydration
将烤干的贴有切片的载玻片放入空气恒温箱,处理温度为60℃,使石蜡完全熔化,然后将贴有切片的载玻片依次转入TO透明剂(2次)分别脱蜡处理25min;再转入到TO透明剂和无水乙醇等比例混合液脱蜡处理10min;再依次转入到无水乙醇、95%乙醇、90%乙醇、80%乙醇、70%乙醇和蒸馏水中分别复水处理5min。使石蜡完全褪去,载玻片上只剩下留在原位的材料,即带材料载玻片。Put the dried glass slides with slices into an air incubator at a temperature of 60°C to completely melt the paraffin, then transfer the slides with slices into TO transparent agent (twice) for dewaxing respectively Treat for 25 minutes; then transfer to TO transparent agent and absolute ethanol equal proportion mixture for dewaxing treatment for 10 min; then transfer to absolute ethanol, 95% ethanol, 90% ethanol, 80% ethanol, 70% ethanol and distilled water They were rehydrated for 5 minutes respectively. The paraffin wax is completely removed, and only the material left in place is left on the slide, that is, the slide with material.
(12)染色(12) Dyeing
将复水后的带材料载玻片放入1%的番红酒精溶液中常温染色24h。Place the rehydrated slides with materials into 1% safranin alcohol solution and stain at room temperature for 24 hours.
(13)脱水和复染(13) Dehydration and counterstaining
将染色后的带材料载玻片依次转入70%乙醇、80%乙醇分别脱水处理2min;脱水后的带材料载玻片转入到0.63%的固绿(cas编码:2353-45-9,购自生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司)酒精溶液中复染5s;再将复染后的带材料载玻片依次转入到95%乙醇、无水乙醇中分别脱水处理为2min;再转入无水乙醇中脱水处理1min;然后转入TO透明剂和无水乙醇等体积混合液、TO透明剂中分别脱水处理5min;最后转入TO透明剂脱水处理2min。The stained glass slides with material were sequentially transferred to 70% ethanol and 80% ethanol for dehydration treatment for 2 minutes respectively; the dehydrated glass slides with material were transferred to 0.63% fast green (cas code: 2353-45-9, Purchased from Sangon Bioengineering (Shanghai) Co., Ltd.) in alcohol solution for counterstaining for 5 seconds; then transfer the counterstained material slides to 95% ethanol and absolute ethanol for 2 minutes for dehydration respectively; Dehydrate in absolute ethanol for 1 min; then transfer to a mixture of equal volumes of TO clearing agent and absolute ethanol, and TO clearing agent for dehydration for 5 min; finally transfer to TO clearing agent for dehydration for 2 min.
(14)封片(14) Mounting
将带材料载玻片从TO透明剂中取出,用滤纸擦去材料以外多余的TO透明剂,在TO透明剂未挥发干时,在载玻片上有材料区域滴1滴封片剂CVmount(购自徕卡显微系统(上海)贸易有限公司),取洁净的盖玻片,缓慢盖在载玻片上,使CVmount布满整个有材料区域,室温下晾晒1h即可进行观察。Take the glass slide with material out of the TO transparent agent, wipe off the excess TO transparent agent other than the material with filter paper, and drop 1 drop of mounting agent CVmount (purchased Take a clean cover glass from Leica Microsystems (Shanghai) Trading Co., Ltd., and cover it slowly on the glass slide, so that the CVmount covers the entire material area, and then dry it at room temperature for 1 hour for observation.
对比实施例1Comparative Example 1
其余操作均与实施例1相同,仅在(1)固定、(3)脱水和(14)封片环节进行了改变,具体改变如下:The rest of the operations are the same as in Example 1, except that (1) fixation, (3) dehydration and (14) sealing are changed, and the specific changes are as follows:
步骤(1)中固定液采用卡诺氏固定液,固定时间为24h,其余操作均与实施例1中的步骤(1)相同。Carnot's fixative was used as the fixative in step (1), and the fixation time was 24 h, and the rest of the operations were the same as in step (1) in Example 1.
步骤(3)修改为:将小瓶中的材料依次移入75%乙醇脱水处理1h,85%乙醇脱水处理1h,95%乙醇中脱水处理30min,95%乙醇中脱水处理30min,无水乙醇(2次)分别脱水处理1h。Step (3) was revised as follows: the materials in the vial were successively transferred to 75% ethanol for dehydration treatment for 1 hour, 85% ethanol for 1 hour for dehydration treatment, 95% ethanol for 30 minutes for dehydration treatment, 95% ethanol for 30 minutes for dehydration treatment, absolute ethanol (2 times) ) were dehydrated for 1 h respectively.
步骤(14)中将封片剂换为中性树胶,室温下晾晒的时间为48h,其余操作均与实施例1中步骤(14)中相同。In step (14), the mounting agent was replaced with neutral gum, and the drying time at room temperature was 48 hours, and the rest of the operations were the same as in step (14) in Example 1.
将本发明与传统方法相比,本发明所用方法在固定、脱水、透明和封片等环节进行了优化,大大缩短了切片制片所用时间,两种方法在制片时间上的比较见表1,从表1可以看出,本发明所用方法比传统切片方法用时至少缩短了72h。Comparing the present invention with the traditional method, the method used in the present invention has been optimized in links such as fixation, dehydration, transparency and sealing, which greatly shortens the time used for slice production. The comparison of the two methods in the production time is shown in Table 1 , as can be seen from Table 1, the method used in the present invention shortens at least 72h than the traditional slicing method.
本发明采用了新的固定液、透明剂和封片剂,不仅改善了实验环境,彻底消除了切片制片过程中所用试剂对人的毒害,明显缩短了时间,而且保证了制片效果,所制切片的材料不易硬化,也不易碎掉,制作出的石蜡切片与传统方法获得的切片在质量上无明显区别,如图1所示,其中A、B为传统方法制备的切片的显微观察图,C、D为本发明的方法制备的切片的显微观察图。The present invention adopts a new fixative, transparent agent and mounting agent, which not only improves the experimental environment, completely eliminates the poison of the reagents used in the slicing process to people, obviously shortens the time, and ensures the effect of the film production. The material used to make slices is not easy to harden or break, and there is no obvious difference in quality between the produced paraffin slices and slices obtained by traditional methods, as shown in Figure 1, where A and B are microscopic observations of slices prepared by traditional methods Figure, C, D are the microscopic observation figure of the section prepared by the method of the present invention.
表1传统方法和本发明的方法制片耗时比较Table 1 Traditional method and method of the present invention make tablet time-consuming comparison
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式,但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制,其他的未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的任何改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化,均应为等效的置换方式,都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above-mentioned embodiment is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the embodiment of the present invention is not limited by the above-mentioned embodiment, and other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, Simplifications should be equivalent replacement methods, and all are included in the protection scope of the present invention.
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