CN105976873B - A kind of Tokamak Fusion Reactor internal part cooling electricity generation system - Google Patents
A kind of Tokamak Fusion Reactor internal part cooling electricity generation system Download PDFInfo
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- CN105976873B CN105976873B CN201610116474.1A CN201610116474A CN105976873B CN 105976873 B CN105976873 B CN 105976873B CN 201610116474 A CN201610116474 A CN 201610116474A CN 105976873 B CN105976873 B CN 105976873B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21B—FUSION REACTORS
- G21B1/00—Thermonuclear fusion reactors
- G21B1/05—Thermonuclear fusion reactors with magnetic or electric plasma confinement
- G21B1/057—Tokamaks
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21B—FUSION REACTORS
- G21B1/00—Thermonuclear fusion reactors
- G21B1/11—Details
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/10—Nuclear fusion reactors
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of following Tokamak Fusion Reactor internal parts to cool down electricity generation system, includes divertor cooling circuit, covering cooling circuit and main cooling circuit, it is characterised in that:The divertor cooling circuit includes heat exchanger one, pump and divertor, coolant flows into divertor from the side of heat exchanger one after pump pressurizes, again heat exchanger one is flowed back to from the other side of divertor, the covering cooling circuit includes major loop one, subsidiary loop one and supplement coolant circuit, and the main cooling circuit includes major loop two and subsidiary loop two.The present invention realizes cooling and generating integrated design in the case where tokamak device can ensure stable state continuous service, has many advantages, such as stable, safe, reliable, efficient.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to nuclear energy technology application field more particularly to a kind of following Tokamak Fusion Reactor internal part coolings
Electricity generation system is generated electricity that is, in the case of magnetic confinement nuclear fusion device continuous service using the energy that deuterium tritium fusion releases
Cooling its internal part --- divertor and covering simultaneously.
Background technology
Currently, the fossil energy reserves of the earth are limited and polluted to air, and the renewable sources of energy(Wind energy, solar energy, tide
Nighttide energy)The problems such as cause is limited its utilization rate deficiency by various, and global every country all suffers from energy shortages and environmental pollution.Cause
This, people increasingly pay close attention to the development of nuclear power technology.Nuclear power station be the energy that is discharged using nuclear fission or nuclear fusion reaction come
The power plant produced electricl energy.Nuclear fission power station is mainly used as fuel, reaction product using radioactive element such as uranium and caesium etc.
It is general buried but will produce certain pollution to environment, while resource is limited on the radioactive element earth, the radiation generated
It can cause damages to health.Nuclear fusion energy is cleanliness without any pollution and the unlimited energy of resource, although not having also on our times
There are nuclear fusion power plants, but the feasibility of nuclear fusion energy power generation is verified on tokamak magnetic confinement nuclear fusion device.Perhaps
ITER etc. is built in the tokamak device for all establishing this country of multinational family, such as China EAST, South Korea KSTAR, international cooperation.
Research final purpose about tokamak device is generated electricity using nuclear fusion energy, but reality is, can
Ensure deuterium tritium inside tokamak device under conditions of sustained response, that is, tokamak device stable state continuous service, it is straight as it
Internal part of the junction to plasma area --- divertor and covering can bear the particle flux from central plasma and heat
Stream, the power that the first wall surface is born reach m. gigawatt (GW) magnitude.It is contemplated that the heat flow density of cladding surface is up to several megawatts
Every square metre, and divertor is up to ten megawatts every square metre in face of plasma unit surface.So big energy, if do not had
Effective cooling system removes it, and the temperature rise on covering and divertor can be made to the unaffordable height of material, so that
The operation of device is influenced, meanwhile, in order to convert these to electric energy through the cooling fusion energy removed, to solve today's society increasingly
The energy shortage problem highlighted, and then establish the following Tokamak Fusion Reactor internal part cooling electricity generation system of the present invention.
Invention content
The object of the invention is exactly that it is cold to provide a kind of Tokamak Fusion Reactor internal part in order to make up the defect of prior art
But electricity generation system.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
A kind of Tokamak Fusion Reactor internal part cooling electricity generation system includes divertor cooling circuit, covering cooling
Circuit and main cooling circuit, it is characterised in that:The divertor cooling circuit include heat exchanger one, pump and divertor,
Coolant flows into divertor from the side of heat exchanger one after pump pressurizes, and flows back to heat exchanger from the other side of divertor
One, the covering cooling circuit includes that major loop one, subsidiary loop one and supplement coolant circuit, the master cool back
Road includes major loop two and subsidiary loop two.
The major loop one includes the covering in steam generator, primary coolant pump and tokamak device,
Diaphragm valve one, two is closed, coolant is flowed out from steam generator through the laggard Karma of starting going to a nursery of primary coolant pump cooling pressurization
Covering in gram device, and flow back to steam generator from the other side of covering;The subsidiary loop one is when certain
Between, when coolant needs detritiation and cooling in major loop, diaphragm valve one, two is opened, is flowed out from the steam generator
Coolant is divided into two parts, a part enter primary coolant pump participate in major loop one recycle, another part successively pass through every
Film valve one, regenerative heat exchanger, cooler, cooling tritium system, demineralizer one, volume control tank, feed pump one, the regenerated heat of removing are handed over
Parallel operation and diaphragm valve it is second-rate enter tokamak device in participate in major loop one after covering and recycle;The supplement coolant circuit is
When cooling agent content deficiency in major loop one, diaphragm valve three is opened, the coolant in liquid reserve tank is successively through diaphragm valve three, supercharging
After device pressurization, into major loop one.
The major loop two is to close diaphragm valve seven, opens diaphragm valve four, diaphragm valve five, diaphragm valve six, diaphragm valve eight
With gate valve one, gate valve two, gate valve three, cooling water pump one draws water from condenser, successively through filter, demineralizer two, cooling water
Pump two, heat exchanger one, water tank, deaerator, feed pump two, heat exchanger two, steam generator, gate valve one, diaphragm valve five,
Condensing turbine one, heat exchanger three, gate valve two, diaphragm valve six, condensing turbine two, gate valve three, diaphragm valve eight, condensation steamer
After machine three, condenser is finally returned to;The subsidiary loop two be close diaphragm valve seven, open diaphragm valve four, diaphragm valve five, every
Film valve six, diaphragm valve eight and gate valve one, gate valve two, gate valve three, the steam of steam generator are divided into two parts, and a part participates in
Major loop two recycles, another part successively through diaphragm valve four, heat exchanger three, pressure reducing valve two, heat exchanger two, pressure reducing valve one,
Major loop two is participated in after into deaerator to recycle;By condensing turbine one intergrade draw steam successively through heat exchanger three,
Pressure reducing valve three, heat exchanger two, pressure reducing valve one, into deaerator after participate in major loop two recycle;By in condensing turbine two
Intercaste draws two pipelines, the steam in two pipelines successively after heat exchanger two, pressure reducing valve one, into deaerator after participate in
Major loop two recycles;The steam flowed out by condensing turbine two is divided into two parts, and a part flows to gate valve three, another part stream
To the hydraulic turbine and water tank, the steam of the hydraulic turbine is flowed to after the hydraulic turbine, flows back to the condenser, and flows to the steaming of water tank
Vapour is to participate in major loop two to recycle;When some in condensing turbine one, condensing turbine two, condensing turbine three breaks down
When, diaphragm valve four and gate valve one are closed, diaphragm valve seven is opened, the steam flowed out by steam generator flows to cold after diaphragm valve seven
Condenser is directly cooled down within the condenser.
Divertor cooling circuit, covering cooling circuit and the main cooling circuit be collective effect and independently of each other, with
Ensure the internal part, that is, covering and divertor of the tokamak magnetic confinement nuclear fusion device of the cooling following stable state continuous service, together
Thermal energy in coolant is power generation by Shi Liyong condensing turbines one, condensing turbine two, condensing turbine three.
It is an advantage of the invention that:The present invention is realized in the case where tokamak device can ensure stable state continuous service
Cooling and generating integrated design has many advantages, such as stabilization, safe, reliable, efficient.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural diagram of the present invention.
Specific implementation mode
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of Tokamak Fusion Reactor internal part cools down electricity generation system, include that divertor cools back
Road, covering cooling circuit and main cooling circuit, it is characterised in that:The divertor cooling circuit include heat exchanger 1,
Pump 39 and divertor 40, coolant flow into divertor 40 from the side of heat exchanger 1 after 39 pressurization of pump, and from divertor 40
The other side flow back to heat exchanger 1, the covering cooling circuit includes major loop one, subsidiary loop one and supplement cooling
Agent circuit, the main cooling circuit include major loop two and subsidiary loop two.
The major loop one includes the packet in steam generator 23, primary coolant pump 19 and tokamak device
Layer 42 closes diaphragm valve one 17,2 18, and coolant, which flows out to cool down through primary coolant pump 19 from steam generator 23, to pressurize
Enter the covering 42 in tokamak device afterwards, and steam generator 23 is flowed back to from the other side of covering 42;The auxiliary is returned
Lu Yiwei, when coolant needs detritiation and cooling in major loop, opens diaphragm valve one 17,2 18 per at regular intervals, from
The coolant that the steam generator 23 flows out is divided into two parts, and a part enters the participation of primary coolant pump 19 and leads back
Road one recycles, and another part is successively through diaphragm valve 1, regenerative heat exchanger 16, cooler 15, cooling except tritium system 43, softening
Device 1, volume control tank 13, feed pump 1, regenerative heat exchanger 16 and diaphragm valve 2 18 are flowed into tokamak device and are wrapped
Major loop one is participated in after layer 42 to recycle;The supplement coolant circuit is to be beaten when cooling agent content deficiency in major loop one
Open diaphragm valve 3 22, the coolant in liquid reserve tank 41 successively through diaphragm valve 3 23, booster 20 pressurize after, into major loop one.
The major loop two be close diaphragm valve 7 32, open diaphragm valve 4 24, diaphragm valve 5 27, diaphragm valve 6 30,
Diaphragm valve 8 34 and gate valve 1, gate valve 2 29, gate valve 3 33, cooling water pump 1 draw water from condenser 38, successively through filtering
Device 2, demineralizer 23, cooling water pump 24, heat exchanger 1, water tank 6, deaerator 7, feed pump 28, heat exchanger 2 11,
Steam generator 23, gate valve 1, diaphragm valve 5 27, condensing turbine 1, heat exchanger 3 25, gate valve 2 29, diaphragm valve
6 30, after condensing turbine 2 31, gate valve 3 33, diaphragm valve 8 34, condensing turbine 3 35, condenser 38 is finally returned to;Institute
The subsidiary loop two stated is to close diaphragm valve 7 32, opens diaphragm valve 4 24, diaphragm valve 5 27, diaphragm valve 6 30, diaphragm valve eight
34 and gate valve 1, gate valve 2 29, gate valve 3 33, the steam of steam generator 23 be divided into two parts, a part participate in lead back
Road two recycles, and another part is successively through diaphragm valve 4 24, heat exchanger 3 25, pressure reducing valve 2 36, heat exchanger 2 11, pressure reducing valve
1, into deaerator 7 after participate in major loop two recycle;Steam is drawn by the intergrade of condensing turbine 1 to hand over through heat successively
Parallel operation 3 25, pressure reducing valve 3 37, heat exchanger 2 11, pressure reducing valve 1, into deaerator 7 after participate in major loop two recycle;By
The intergrade of condensing turbine 2 31 draws two pipelines, and the steam in two pipelines is successively through heat exchanger 2 11, pressure reducing valve
After one 10, into deaerator 7 after participate in major loop two recycle;The steam flowed out by condensing turbine 2 31 is divided into two parts,
A part flows to gate valve 3 33, and another part flows to the hydraulic turbine 9 and water tank 6, flows to the steam of the hydraulic turbine 9 after the hydraulic turbine 9,
The condenser 38 is flowed back to, and the steam for flowing to water tank 6 is to participate in major loop two to recycle;When condensing turbine 1, cold
When some in condensing turbine 2 31, condensing turbine 3 35 breaks down, close diaphragm valve 4 24 and gate valve 1, open every
Film valve 7 32, the steam flowed out by steam generator 23 flow to condenser 38 after diaphragm valve 7 32, in condenser 38 directly
It is cooled down.
Divertor cooling circuit, covering cooling circuit and the main cooling circuit be collective effect and independently of each other, with
Ensure the internal part, that is, covering and divertor of the tokamak magnetic confinement nuclear fusion device of the cooling following stable state continuous service, together
Thermal energy in coolant is power generation by Shi Liyong condensing turbines 1, condensing turbine 2 31, condensing turbine 3 35.
The effect of each component is as follows in the covering cooling circuit:
The effect of coolant in major loop and subsidiary loop:(a)It absorbs and takes the i.e. cooling covering of covering heat out of;(b)
In steam generator 23 heat exchange is completed with the cooling water from main cooling circuit.
The effect of steam generator 23:Make the cooling water of relative low temperature and relatively-high temperature in covering circuit in main cooling circuit
Coolant carry out heat exchange, heat exchange postcooling water becomes steam and enters main cooling circuit, and makes relative low temperature after heat exchange
Coolant enter covering circuit.
The effect of subsidiary loop:When in main coolant loop tritium level and temperature cannot meet the requirement of cooling covering
When, detritiation cooling is carried out to major loop.
The effect of diaphragm valve 1, diaphragm valve 2 18, diaphragm valve 3 22:It blocks flow path and adjusts uninterrupted.
The effect of regenerative heat exchanger 16:The coolant flowed through in 16 two pipelines of hot recycling exchanger carries out heat exchange
Even if the coolant temperature for flowing into covering 42 is met the requirements.
The effect of cooler 15:The cooling coolant after 16 heat exchange of regenerative heat exchanger.
The effect of feed pump 1:Coolant is extracted from Volume controller 13 and is pressurizeed to coolant.
The effect of demineralizer 1:Desalting processing is carried out to the coolant flowed through.
The effect of Volume controller 13:It stores the coolant of a constant volume and encircles coolant to feed pump 1.
The effect of main coolant circulation pump 19:Pressurization cooling is carried out to coolant in major loop.
The effect of booster 20:The coolant of certain pressure is supplemented for major loop.
The effect of each component is as follows in the main cooling circuit:
The effect of cooling water pump 1:Cooling water and the cooling water to flowing through are extracted from condenser 38 carries out pressurization and again
It is cooling.
The effect of filter 2:Filtering flows through the impurity in cooling water.
The effect of demineralizer 23:Desalting processing is carried out to the cooling water flowed through.
The effect of cooling water pump 24:Cooling water and the cooling water to flowing through are extracted from demineralizer 23 carries out pressurization and again
It is cooling.
The effect of heat exchanger 1:Make the high temperature coolant for coming from divertor circuit and comes from cooling water pump 24
Low-temperature cooling water carries out heat exchange, and the coolant of relative low temperature after heat exchange is made to flow back to divertor circuit, while making relatively high
The cooling water of temperature flows to water tank 6.
The effect of water tank 6:It receives the steam of low-temp low-pressure and stores cooling water.
The effect of deaerator 7:Removing flows through the gas dissolved in cooling water, especially oxygen.
The effect of feed pump 28:Cooling water is extracted from deaerator 7 and is pressurizeed to cooling water.
The effect of the hydraulic turbine 9:Steam acting using the relative low temperature low pressure of inflow is that feed pump 8 provides power and will do
Steam discharge after work(.
The effect of pressure reducing valve 1, pressure reducing valve 2 36, pressure reducing valve 3 37:Water vapour decompression to flowing through.
The effect of heat exchanger 2 11:Keep the cooling water from 28 relative low temperature of feed pump opposite with from subsidiary loop
The steam of high temperature carries out heat exchange and the cooling water of the relatively-high temperature after heat exchange is made to flow to steam generator 23, and makes relatively low
The water vapor stream of temperature is to pressure reducing valve 1.
The effect of steam generator 23:Make the cooling water of relative low temperature and relatively-high temperature in covering circuit in main cooling circuit
Coolant carry out heat exchange, heat exchange postcooling water becomes steam and enters main cooling circuit, and makes relative low temperature after heat exchange
Coolant enter covering circuit.
The effect of diaphragm valve 24, diaphragm valve 27, diaphragm valve 30, diaphragm valve 32, diaphragm valve 34:It blocks flow path and adjusts flow
Size.
The effect of gate valve 26, gate valve 29, gate valve 33:Switch(It is standard-sized sheet, fully closed).
The effect of condensing turbine 28:This steam turbine is high-pressure turbine and coaxial with condensing turbine 31, utilizes inflow
High temperature and high pressure steam acting generate electricity and cooling high temperature and high pressure steam;Using the intergrade of itself be heat exchanger 25 provide it is auxiliary
Heat;The opposite medium pressure steam of its end discharge is that condensing turbine 31 provides power.
The effect of heat exchanger 25:Make the steam from 24 high temperature and pressure of diaphragm valve, come from 28 intergrade of condensing turbine
The steam of relatively-high temperature high pressure carries out heat exchange with the steam from 28 end relative low temperature low pressure of condensing turbine, and to respective
The steam after heat exchange is discharged in circuit.
The effect of condensing turbine 31:This steam turbine is middle-pressure steam turbine, using come in the opposite medium temperature of automatic heat-exchanger 25
The steam acting of pressure generates electricity and cooling medium pressure steam;It is that heat exchanger 11 provides auxiliary heat using the intergrade of itself;Its end
The relative low temperature low-pressure steam of end discharge is that condensing turbine 35 and the hydraulic turbine 9 provide power and be that water tank 6 provides auxiliary heat.
The effect of condensing turbine 35:This steam turbine is low-pressure turbine, using from 31 relative low temperature of condensing turbine
The steam acting of low pressure generates electricity and cooling low temperature and low pressure steam, end pipeline are connected with condenser 38.
The effect of condenser 38:It is cooling from condensing turbine 35, the steam of the hydraulic turbine 9 and diaphragm valve 32 and to cooling water
Pump 1 supplies water.
Under the collective effect of divertor cooling circuit, covering cooling circuit and main cooling circuit, future is tentatively realized
The internal part of the tokamak magnetic confinement nuclear fusion device of stable state continuous service(Covering and divertor)Cooling and using cold
But the energy power generation in agent.
Although the illustrative specific implementation mode of the present invention is described above, in order to the technology of the art
Personnel understand the present invention, and will be apparent to the skilled artisan that the present invention is not limited to the ranges of specific implementation mode, to the common skill of the art
For art personnel, if various change the attached claims limit and determine the spirit and scope of the present invention in, these
Variation is it will be apparent that all utilize the innovation and creation of present inventive concept in the row of protection.
Claims (2)
- Include that divertor cooling circuit, covering cool back 1. a kind of Tokamak Fusion Reactor internal part cools down electricity generation system Road and main cooling circuit, it is characterised in that:The divertor cooling circuit include heat exchanger one, pump and divertor, it is cold But agent flows into divertor from the side of heat exchanger one after pump pressurizes, and flows back to heat exchanger one from the other side of divertor, The covering cooling circuit includes major loop one, subsidiary loop one and supplement coolant circuit, the main cooling circuit Include major loop two and subsidiary loop two;The major loop one includes the covering in steam generator, primary coolant pump and tokamak device, cooling Agent enters the covering in tokamak device from outflow in steam generator after primary coolant pump cooling pressurization, and from packet Steam generator is flowed back in the other side of layer;The subsidiary loop one is that the coolant flowed out from the steam generator is divided At two parts, a part enters primary coolant pump and participates in the cycle of major loop one, and another part is successively through diaphragm valve one, regeneration Heat exchanger, cooler, cooling remove tritium system, demineralizer one, volume control tank, feed pump one, regenerative heat exchanger and diaphragm Valve it is second-rate enter tokamak device in participate in major loop one after covering and recycle;The supplement coolant circuit is when major loop one When middle cooling agent content deficiency, open diaphragm valve three, the coolant in liquid reserve tank successively after diaphragm valve three, booster pressurization, Into major loop one;The major loop two is to close diaphragm valve seven, opens diaphragm valve four, diaphragm valve five, diaphragm valve six, diaphragm valve eight and lock Valve one, gate valve two, gate valve three, cooling water pump one draw water from condenser, successively through filter, demineralizer two, cooling water pump two, Heat exchanger one, water tank, deaerator, feed pump two, heat exchanger two, steam generator, gate valve one, diaphragm valve five, condensation Steam turbine one, heat exchanger three, gate valve two, diaphragm valve six, condensing turbine two, gate valve three, diaphragm valve eight, condensing turbine three Afterwards, condenser is finally returned to;The subsidiary loop two is to close diaphragm valve seven, opens diaphragm valve four, diaphragm valve five, diaphragm valve Six, diaphragm valve eight and gate valve one, gate valve two, gate valve three, the steam of steam generator are divided into two parts, and a part participates in leading back Road two recycles, and another part through diaphragm valve four, heat exchanger three, pressure reducing valve two, heat exchanger two, pressure reducing valve one, enters successively Major loop two is participated in after deaerator to recycle;Steam is drawn successively through heat exchanger three, decompression by the intergrade of condensing turbine one Valve three, heat exchanger two, pressure reducing valve one, into deaerator after participate in major loop two recycle;By the intergrade of condensing turbine two Draw two pipelines, the steam in two pipelines successively after heat exchanger two, pressure reducing valve one, into deaerator after participate in leading back Road two recycles;The steam flowed out by condensing turbine two is divided into two parts, and a part flows to gate valve three, and another part flows to water Turbine and water tank flow to the steam of the hydraulic turbine after the hydraulic turbine, flow back to the condenser, and the steam for flowing to water tank is Major loop two is participated in recycle;When some in condensing turbine one, condensing turbine two, condensing turbine three breaks down, Diaphragm valve four and gate valve one are closed, diaphragm valve seven is opened, the steam flowed out by steam generator flows to condensation after diaphragm valve seven Device is directly cooled down within the condenser.
- 2. a kind of Tokamak Fusion Reactor internal part according to claim 1 cools down electricity generation system, it is characterised in that:Institute Divertor cooling circuit, covering cooling circuit and the main cooling circuit stated be collective effect and independently of each other, while using condensation Thermal energy in coolant is power generation by steam turbine one, condensing turbine two, condensing turbine three.
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CN108335759B (en) * | 2018-02-06 | 2019-11-12 | 华中科技大学 | The cooling system for tokamak device divertor based on evaporation cooling principle |
CN109599191A (en) * | 2018-10-16 | 2019-04-09 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | A kind of cooling loop system based on Superconducting tokamak device |
CN110767323B (en) * | 2019-10-14 | 2021-06-25 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | Intermediate heat exchange system for nuclear fusion device |
CN110739086A (en) * | 2019-10-22 | 2020-01-31 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | auxiliary loop for Tokamak fusion device cooling power generation system |
CN113851231B (en) * | 2021-08-25 | 2024-08-09 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | Method and device for improving tritium increment rate of fusion reactor |
CN114121306B (en) * | 2021-11-25 | 2024-10-25 | 西安交通大学 | Device for verifying thermal power generation waste heat utilization feasibility of heat pipe temperature difference generation of tokamak lower partial filter |
CN115235134B (en) * | 2022-09-22 | 2022-12-20 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | Supercritical carbon dioxide circulation system for fusion reactor |
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CN204087826U (en) * | 2014-08-21 | 2015-01-07 | 中国工程物理研究院核物理与化学研究所 | A kind of subcritical covering refuelling system |
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Address after: 230001 no.181 Gucheng Road, shiyangang Township, Hefei City, Anhui Province Patentee after: INSTITUTE OF PLASMA PHYSICS, CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES Address before: 230031 Shushan Lake Road, Shushan District, Anhui, China, No. 350, No. Patentee before: INSTITUTE OF PLASMA PHYSICS, CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES |