CN105887944A - 3D printing model pile and sand rain method test manufacturing device and application method thereof - Google Patents
3D printing model pile and sand rain method test manufacturing device and application method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 title abstract description 29
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D33/00—Testing foundations or foundation structures
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种3D打印模型桩及砂雨法试验制作装置及其使用方法，包括承重台、模型槽、模型桩打印设备、砂土法填筑设备和控制设备，所述模型桩打印设备包括空间位移控制组件和模型桩材料供应组件，所述砂土法填筑设备包括撒砂操作组件和砂材供应组件。本发明中的试验制作装置及其使用方法，利用3D打印技术实现复杂桩基模型试验的精准施工、桩周土体的均匀精准填筑，可以浇筑复杂的变截面桩基形式，可以在小空间内精准布置群桩、倾斜桩以及地下连续墙等构建物；与真实现场浇筑桩基中的桩‑土接触面情况更相近等技术优点。3D打印技术实现砂雨法的填砂操作，可以精确的控制桩周土体的相对密实度和均匀性，实现不同密实度的多层土的模拟。
The invention discloses a 3D printing model pile and sand rain method test manufacturing device and its use method, including a load-bearing platform, a model tank, model pile printing equipment, sand method filling equipment and control equipment, the model pile printing equipment It includes a space displacement control component and a model pile material supply component, and the sand method filling equipment includes a sand spreading operation component and a sand material supply component. The test production device and its use method in the present invention utilize 3D printing technology to realize the precise construction of complex pile foundation model tests and the uniform and precise filling of the soil around the pile. Accurately arrange structures such as pile groups, inclined piles, and underground diaphragm walls; it is more similar to the pile-soil contact surface in real cast-in-place pile foundations and other technical advantages. The 3D printing technology realizes the sand filling operation of the sand rain method, which can accurately control the relative density and uniformity of the soil around the pile, and realize the simulation of multi-layer soil with different density.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种3D打印技术，主要适用于岩土工程模型试验等技术领域，尤其是涉及一种3D打印模型桩及砂雨法试验制作装置及其使用方法。The invention relates to a 3D printing technology, which is mainly applicable to technical fields such as geotechnical engineering model tests, and in particular relates to a 3D printing model pile and sand rain method test manufacturing device and its use method.
背景技术Background technique
桩基缩尺模型试验是研究桩基础承载特性，分析桩-土相互作用机理的最重要手段之一；能为相关桩基础设计、施工与计算提供参考依据。桩基缩尺模型试验技术手段也一直得到广大科技工作者的广泛使用，并取得了良好的效果；但是，常规缩尺模型试验中材料制作及布置上无法得到精准的控制(比如，桩周土体的均匀性布置、复杂桩型的模型桩制作工艺复杂且耗时长、桩-土接触面容易在制作过程中受到影响、复杂的布桩形式常规方法由于空间不够而无法制备等)，从而影响相关模型试验结果的精度和可参考价值。Pile foundation scale model test is one of the most important means to study the bearing characteristics of pile foundation and analyze the pile-soil interaction mechanism; it can provide reference for the design, construction and calculation of related pile foundations. Pile foundation scaled-scale model test techniques have also been widely used by scientific and technological workers and achieved good results; however, the production and arrangement of materials in conventional scaled-scale model tests cannot be precisely controlled (for example, the soil around the pile The uniform layout of the body, the complicated and time-consuming manufacturing process of model piles with complex pile types, the pile-soil contact surface is easily affected during the manufacturing process, and the complex pile layout cannot be prepared by conventional methods due to insufficient space, etc.), thus affecting The accuracy and reference value of relevant model test results.
本发明之前，专利号为ZL201510374179.1的中国发明专利“一种3D打印物理相似模拟模型实验台及应用方法”，公开了一种利用3D打印机构进行模型铺设、加压开挖机构进行物理相似模拟实验研究复杂地质构造下矿产采动情况模拟；申请号为201410744393.7的中国发明申请“应用3D打印技术的柱状节理岩体相似材料试样的制备方法”，公开了一种柱状节理岩体相似材料试样的制备方法；这两种技术方案中均利用3D打印技术针对模拟材料形成含节理的岩体相似材料。专利号为ZL201310697608.X的中国发明专利“一种建筑物梁构件的3D打印方法”，公开了一种结合水泥基材料的3D打印建筑物梁构件及其养护的技术方案；专利号为ZL201410009382.4的中国发明专利“一种塔式3D打印机及其打印方法”，公开了一种结合塔吊机、水泥基材料的3D打印建筑物的技术方案；这两种技术方案均结合水泥基材料施工建筑物及其构件。但是，已有的技术方案都是针对模拟岩体材料、水泥基材料等凝结材料，而尚未有针对散体材料的均匀性制配方面的技术方案，更没有结合散体材料和凝结材料同时制作的3D打印技术。Before the present invention, the Chinese invention patent "A 3D Printing Physical Similarity Simulation Model Experiment Platform and Application Method" with the patent number ZL201510374179.1 disclosed a method of using a 3D printing mechanism for model laying and a pressurized excavation mechanism for physical similarity. Simulation experiments to study the simulation of mineral mining under complex geological structures; the Chinese invention application with application number 201410744393.7 "Preparation method for similar material samples of columnar jointed rock mass using 3D printing technology" discloses a similar material for columnar jointed rock mass The preparation method of the sample; in these two technical schemes, 3D printing technology is used to form similar rock mass materials with joints for the simulated materials. The Chinese invention patent "A 3D printing method for building beam components" with the patent number ZL201310697608.X discloses a technical solution for 3D printing building beam components combined with cement-based materials and its maintenance; the patent number is ZL201410009382. 4's Chinese invention patent "a tower-type 3D printer and its printing method", which discloses a technical solution for 3D printing buildings combined with tower cranes and cement-based materials; both technical solutions are combined with cement-based materials for building construction objects and their components. However, the existing technical solutions are all aimed at simulating rock mass materials, cement-based materials and other coagulation materials, but there is no technical solution for the uniform preparation of bulk materials, and there is no simultaneous production of bulk materials and coagulation materials. 3D printing technology.
因此，针对目前常规桩基模型试验材料制作及桩、土布置方法中存在的不足与缺陷；结合3D打印技术，针对复杂桩基模型试验情况，开发一种快速、精准制作与布置，桩周土体精准均匀性布置的技术方案，显得尤为重要。Therefore, in view of the deficiencies and defects in the current conventional pile foundation model test material production and pile and soil layout methods; combined with 3D printing technology, for the complex pile foundation model test situation, develop a fast and accurate production and layout, pile surrounding soil It is particularly important to provide a technical solution for the precise and uniform layout of the building.
发明内容Contents of the invention
发明目的：为了克服上述不足和缺陷，解决常规桩基缩尺模型试验中存在的桩周土体填筑不均匀，尤其是模型桩附近、复杂桩型的模型桩制作工艺复杂且耗时长、桩-土接触面容易在制作过程中受到影响、复杂的布桩形式常规方法由于空间不够而无法制备的问题，提出一种3D打印模型桩及砂雨法试验制作装置及其使用方法；通过3D打印技术进行复杂模型桩的浇筑与精准布置，并同时利用3D打印技术精准控制砂土相对密实度进行砂雨法填筑桩周土体。Purpose of the invention: In order to overcome the above-mentioned deficiencies and defects, solve the uneven soil filling around the pile existing in conventional pile foundation scaled-scale model tests, especially near the model pile, the complex pile type model pile has a complicated and time-consuming manufacturing process, and the pile -The soil contact surface is easily affected during the production process, and the complex pile layout cannot be prepared by conventional methods due to insufficient space. A 3D printing model pile and sand rain method test production device and its use method are proposed; through 3D printing The pouring and precise layout of complex model piles are carried out by using advanced technology, and at the same time, 3D printing technology is used to accurately control the relative density of sand and soil to fill the soil around the pile with sand rain method.
技术方案：为了实现上述目的，本发明提供一种3D打印模型桩及砂雨法试验制作装置，包括：承重台、模型槽、模型桩打印设备、砂土法填筑设备和控制设备；所述模型槽设置在承重台上，为所述模型桩打印设备、砂土法填筑设备提供平台；所述模型桩打印设备包括空间位移控制组件和模型桩材料供应组件，所述空间位移控制组件包括：外环形滑轨及Z11滑轨、Z12滑轨、X1滑轨和移动部件；所述外环形滑轨通过滑轨支架固定在承重台上；外环形滑轨与Z11滑轨之间，Z11滑轨与X1滑轨之间，X1滑轨与Z12滑轨之间分别通过移动部件连接；所述模型桩打印设备的模型桩材料供应组件包括：用于盛放料浆的料池和料浆泵以及连通两者的输料管，所述料浆泵位于所述Z12滑轨的末端，其下方设置有出料口；所述移动部件、料浆泵分别与所述控制设备电连接；所述砂土法填筑设备包括撒砂操作组件和砂材供应组件；所述撒砂操作组件包括：内环形滑轨及Z21滑轨、Z22滑轨、X2滑轨及移动部件，所述内环形滑轨通过滑轨支架固定在承重台上；内环形滑轨与Z21滑轨之间，Z21滑轨与X2滑轨之间，X2滑轨与Z22滑轨之间分别通过移动部件连接；所述砂材供应组件包括：砂池和出砂口以及将两者连通的输砂管；出砂口位于所述Z22滑轨的末端。Technical solution: In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides a 3D printing model pile and sand rain method test production device, including: load-bearing platform, model tank, model pile printing equipment, sand method filling equipment and control equipment; The model tank is arranged on the load-bearing platform to provide a platform for the model pile printing equipment and sand method filling equipment; the model pile printing equipment includes a spatial displacement control component and a model pile material supply component, and the spatial displacement control component includes : Outer annular slide rail and Z11 slide rail, Z12 slide rail, X1 slide rail and moving parts; the outer annular slide rail is fixed on the load-bearing platform through the slide rail bracket; between the outer annular slide rail and the Z11 slide rail, the Z11 slide rail Rail and X1 slide rail, X1 slide rail and Z12 slide rail are respectively connected by moving parts; the model pile material supply assembly of the model pile printing equipment includes: a tank for holding slurry and a slurry pump And the feeding pipe connecting the two, the slurry pump is located at the end of the Z12 slide rail, and a discharge port is arranged below it; the moving parts and the slurry pump are respectively electrically connected to the control equipment; the The sand filling equipment includes a sand spreading operation component and a sand material supply component; the sand spreading operation component includes: inner ring slide rails, Z21 slide rails, Z22 slide rails, X2 slide rails and moving parts, the inner ring slide rails The rail is fixed on the load-bearing platform through the slide rail bracket; between the inner ring slide rail and the Z21 slide rail, between the Z21 slide rail and the X2 slide rail, and between the X2 slide rail and the Z22 slide rail are respectively connected by moving parts; the sand The material supply assembly includes: a sand tank, a sand outlet, and a sand pipe connecting the two; the sand outlet is located at the end of the Z22 slide rail.
其中，所述料浆泵内设置有加热装置，控制材料的温度范围为10～50℃。Wherein, the slurry pump is provided with a heating device to control the temperature range of the material to be 10-50°C.
其中，所述料池内设置有搅拌装置，其功率为100～300W，搅拌速度为360～720r/min。Wherein, a stirring device is installed in the feed pool, the power of which is 100-300W, and the stirring speed is 360-720r/min.
其中，所述模型槽和承重台的材料为钢材、有机玻璃或钢化玻璃，所述内环形滑轨和外环形滑轨、滑轨支架的材料为钢材或铝合金。Wherein, the material of the model tank and the load-bearing platform is steel, plexiglass or tempered glass, and the material of the inner and outer annular slide rails and the slide rail bracket is steel or aluminum alloy.
进一步，本发明还提供一种3D打印模型桩及砂雨法试验制作装置的使用方法，包括以下步骤：Further, the present invention also provides a method for using a 3D printed model pile and a sand rain method test production device, including the following steps:
(1)利用三维制图软件设计模型桩的形状、尺寸以及布置结构，以及模型桩的桩周土体分层与相对密实度；(1) Use 3D drawing software to design the shape, size and layout of the model pile, as well as the layering and relative compactness of the soil around the model pile;
(2)将预先确定的桩材料置于所述隧道材料供应组件中的料池内，将预先确定的砂材置于所述砂材供应组件中的砂池内；(2) placing the predetermined pile material in the material pool in the tunnel material supply assembly, and placing the predetermined sand material in the sand pool in the sand material supply assembly;
(3)根据试验参数及绘制的三维立体模型，调整所述料池和砂池与模型槽的相对高度，调节出料和放砂速度，所述模型桩打印设备开始打印模型桩，所述砂土法填筑设备开始撒砂。(3) According to the test parameters and the drawn three-dimensional model, adjust the relative heights of the material tank, the sand tank and the model tank, adjust the discharge and sand discharge speed, and the model pile printing equipment starts to print the model pile, and the sand The earth method filling equipment starts to sprinkle sand.
其中，步骤(3)的施工制作过程中还包括以下步骤：Wherein, the construction making process of step (3) also includes the following steps:
打印期间根据试验要求，在模型槽中埋置测量元器件；Embed measuring components in the model slot according to the test requirements during printing;
在打印过程中通过改变所述砂材供应组件中的出砂口距砂面的距离，以实现多层土。During the printing process, the distance between the sand outlet in the sand material supply assembly and the sand surface is changed to realize multi-layer soil.
其中，所述模型桩的横截面形状为圆形、X形、长方形、Y形、圆环形或者模型桩为楔形桩。Wherein, the cross-sectional shape of the model pile is circular, X-shaped, rectangular, Y-shaped, circular, or the model pile is a wedge-shaped pile.
有益效果：与现有常规桩基模型试验制作技术相比，本发明的3D打印模型桩及砂雨法试验制作装置及其使用方法利用3D打印技术可以浇筑复杂的变截面桩基形式，可以在小空间内精准布置群桩、倾斜桩以及地下连续墙等构建物。施工过程中，作为胶结材料的模型桩体和作为散粒材料的桩周土体，在浇筑过程中存在一定的相互侵入现象，与真实现场浇筑桩基中的桩-土接触面情况更相近。利用3D打印技术计算机控制设备系统实现砂雨法的填砂操作，可以保证填土的均匀性，从而精确的控制桩周土体的相对密实度。同时还能根据高度及撒砂速度的变化，实现不同密实度的多层土的模拟。Beneficial effects: Compared with the existing conventional pile foundation model test production technology, the 3D printing model pile and sand rain method test production device and its use method of the present invention can use 3D printing technology to cast complex pile foundations with variable cross-sections, and can be used in Accurately arrange structures such as pile groups, inclined piles, and underground diaphragm walls in a small space. During the construction process, the model pile as the cementing material and the soil around the pile as the granular material have a certain degree of mutual intrusion during the pouring process, which is more similar to the pile-soil contact surface in the real site poured pile foundation. Using 3D printing technology computer control equipment system to realize the sand filling operation of the sand rain method can ensure the uniformity of the filling, thereby accurately controlling the relative compactness of the soil around the pile. At the same time, it can realize the simulation of multi-layer soil with different compactness according to the change of height and sanding speed.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明中3D打印模型桩及砂雨法试验制作装置的结构示意图；Fig. 1 is the structural representation of 3D printing model pile and sand rain method test manufacturing device among the present invention;
图2为本发明中3D打印模型桩及砂雨法试验制作装置中倾斜桩的布置示意图；Fig. 2 is the layout schematic diagram of the inclined pile in the 3D printing model pile and the sand rain method test manufacturing device in the present invention;
图3为本发明中3D打印模型桩及砂雨法试验制作装置中异形桩的布置示意图；Fig. 3 is the schematic layout diagram of the layout of the special-shaped piles in the 3D printing model pile and the sand rain method test production device in the present invention;
图4为本发明中3D打印模型桩及砂雨法试验制作装置中群桩的布置示意图；Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of piles in the 3D printing model pile and the sand rain method test production device in the present invention;
图5为本发明中3D打印模型桩及砂雨法试验制作装置中实现不同土层制作示意图；Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of making different soil layers in the 3D printing model pile and the sand rain method test manufacturing device in the present invention;
图中：1为砂池，2为输砂管，3为阀门，4为模型槽，5为X1滑轨，6为Z11滑轨，7为Z12滑轨，8为Z22滑轨，9为X2滑轨，10为Z21滑轨，11为出砂口，12为料浆泵，13为出料口，14为内环形滑轨，15为外环形滑轨，16为滑轨支架，17为移动部件，18为料池，19为搅拌装置，20为控制设备，21为数据线，22为模型桩，23为承重台，24为输料管。In the figure: 1 is the sand tank, 2 is the sand pipe, 3 is the valve, 4 is the model tank, 5 is the X1 slide rail, 6 is the Z11 slide rail, 7 is the Z12 slide rail, 8 is the Z22 slide rail, 9 is the X2 slide rail Slide rail, 10 is Z21 slide rail, 11 is sand outlet, 12 is slurry pump, 13 is discharge port, 14 is inner ring slide rail, 15 is outer ring slide rail, 16 is slide rail support, 17 is mobile Components, 18 is a feed tank, 19 is a stirring device, 20 is a control device, 21 is a data line, 22 is a model pile, 23 is a load-bearing platform, and 24 is a feeding pipe.
具体实施方式detailed description
以下结合附图详细叙述本发明专利的具体实施方式，本发明专利的保护范围并不仅仅局限于本实施方式的描述。The specific implementation of the patent of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and the scope of protection of the patent of the present invention is not limited to the description of this embodiment.
实施例1：Example 1:
图1至图5中的3D打印模型桩及砂雨法试验制作装置，包括承重台23、模型槽4、模型桩打印设备、砂土法填筑设备和控制设备；模型槽4设置在承重台23上，模型桩打印设备包括空间位移控制组件和模型桩材料供应组件，砂土法填筑设备包括撒砂操作组件和砂材供应组件。The 3D printing model pile and the sand rain method test production device in Fig. 1 to Fig. 5 include load-bearing platform 23, model tank 4, model pile printing equipment, sand method filling equipment and control equipment; model tank 4 is arranged on the load-bearing platform On 23, the model pile printing equipment includes a spatial displacement control component and a model pile material supply component, and the sand filling equipment includes a sand spreading operation component and a sand material supply component.
上述模型桩打印设备的空间位移控制组件包括：外环形滑轨15及Z11滑轨6、Z12滑轨7、X1滑轨5和移动部件17；外环形滑轨15为圆角矩形框，位于承重台23的外围，通过滑轨支架16固定在承重台23上；外环形滑轨15与Z11滑轨6之间，Z11滑轨6与X1滑轨5之间，X1滑轨5与Z12滑轨7之间分别通过移动部件17连接。上述模型桩材料供应组件包括：料池18和料浆泵12以及连通两者的输料管24；料池18用于盛放料浆，其内设置有搅拌装置19，搅拌装置19由搅拌杆、十字形搅拌头和电动转机组成；料浆泵12位于Z12滑轨7的末端，料浆泵12内设置有加热装置(图中未示出)，下方设置有出料口13，用于输出加热后的料浆。The spatial displacement control components of the above-mentioned model post printing equipment include: outer circular slide rail 15, Z11 slide rail 6, Z12 slide rail 7, X1 slide rail 5 and moving parts 17; the outer circular slide rail 15 is a rectangular frame with rounded corners, located The periphery of the table 23 is fixed on the load-bearing table 23 through the slide rail bracket 16; between the outer ring slide rail 15 and the Z11 slide rail 6, between the Z11 slide rail 6 and the X1 slide rail 5, between the X1 slide rail 5 and the Z12 slide rail 7 are respectively connected by moving parts 17. The above-mentioned model pile material supply assembly includes: a feed tank 18 and a slurry pump 12 and a feed pipe 24 communicating with both; , a cross-shaped stirring head and an electric rotating machine; the slurry pump 12 is located at the end of the Z12 slide rail 7, a heating device (not shown in the figure) is arranged in the slurry pump 12, and a discharge port 13 is arranged below for outputting heated slurry.
上述撒砂操作组件包括：内环形滑轨14及Z21滑轨10、Z22滑轨8、X2滑轨9及移动部件，内环形滑轨14为圆角矩形框，位于承重台23的外围，通过滑轨支架16固定在承重台23上；内环形滑轨14与Z21滑轨10之间，Z21滑轨10与X2滑轨9之间，X2滑轨9与Z22滑轨8之间分别通过移动部件17连接。上述砂材供应组件包括：砂池1和出砂口11以及将两者连通的输砂管2；砂池1内盛放砂，其底部设置有阀门3，用于控制出砂速度；出砂口11位于Z22滑轨8的末端。The above-mentioned sand spreading operation assembly includes: inner annular slide rail 14 and Z21 slide rail 10, Z22 slide rail 8, X2 slide rail 9 and moving parts, inner annular slide rail 14 is a rounded rectangular frame, located on the periphery of bearing platform 23, through The slide rail bracket 16 is fixed on the load-bearing platform 23; between the inner ring slide rail 14 and the Z21 slide rail 10, between the Z21 slide rail 10 and the X2 slide rail 9, and between the X2 slide rail 9 and the Z22 slide rail 8 respectively by moving Part 17 is connected. The above-mentioned sand material supply assembly includes: a sand tank 1, a sand outlet 11, and a sand delivery pipe 2 connecting the two; sand is contained in the sand tank 1, and a valve 3 is arranged at the bottom of the sand tank to control the sand output speed; Port 11 is located at the end of Z22 slide rail 8 .
上述移动部件17、搅拌装置19、料浆泵12及阀门3通过数据线21与控制设备20电连接。模型桩打印设备与砂土法填筑设备由控制设备20控制独立工作，提高打印的效率。The moving parts 17 , the stirring device 19 , the slurry pump 12 and the valve 3 are electrically connected to the control device 20 through the data line 21 . The model pile printing equipment and the sand filling equipment are controlled by the control device 20 to work independently, so as to improve the printing efficiency.
本实施例中承重台23的长为3m、宽为2.5m、高度为1m，模型槽4的长为2m，宽为1.5m，高度为2m，外环形滑轨15的长为2.5m、宽为2m、直径为3mm，内环形滑轨14的长、宽均比外环形滑轨15的长、宽小5cm，直径为3mm；相应尺寸不限于此，可根据试验设计要求，将模型槽4长制作为2～3m、宽为1.5～2m、高度为2～3m，称重台23的长为3～4m、宽为2.5～3m、高度为1～1.5m，外环形滑轨15的尺寸由模型槽4的尺寸确定，长为2.5～3.5m、宽为2～2.5m、直径为3～5mm，内环形滑轨14的直径为3～5mm，其长和宽尺寸小于外环形滑轨15相应尺寸5～15cm即可。本实施例中滑轨支架16的长度为10cm，其长度可根据外环形滑轨15、内环形滑轨14以及承重台23的长、宽进行设置，其直径为4～6mm，材料可以为钢材或铝合金。In the present embodiment, the length of the bearing platform 23 is 3m, the width is 2.5m, and the height is 1m. The length of the model groove 4 is 2m, the width is 1.5m, and the height is 2m. 2m and a diameter of 3mm, the length and width of the inner annular slide rail 14 are 5cm smaller than the length and width of the outer annular slide rail 15, and the diameter is 3mm; the corresponding size is not limited to this, and the model groove 4 The length is 2-3m, the width is 1.5-2m, and the height is 2-3m. The length of the weighing table 23 is 3-4m, the width is 2.5-3m, and the height is 1-1.5m. Determined by the size of the model groove 4, the length is 2.5-3.5m, the width is 2-2.5m, and the diameter is 3-5mm. The diameter of the inner annular slide rail 14 is 3-5mm, and its length and width are smaller than the outer annular slide rail 15 The corresponding size is 5-15cm. In this embodiment, the length of the slide rail bracket 16 is 10cm, and its length can be set according to the length and width of the outer annular slide rail 15, the inner annular slide rail 14, and the load-bearing platform 23, and its diameter is 4-6mm, and the material can be steel or aluminum alloy.
上述模型槽4和承重台23的材料可以为钢材或有机玻璃或钢化玻璃，内环形滑轨14和外环形滑轨15、滑轨支架16的材料可以为钢材或铝合金。The material of above-mentioned model tank 4 and load-bearing platform 23 can be steel or plexiglass or tempered glass, and the material of inner annular slide rail 14 and outer annular slide rail 15, slide rail support 16 can be steel or aluminum alloy.
上述X1滑轨5和X2滑轨9的尺寸根据模型槽的长度确定，形状为直线型，长度为2～5m、直径为3～5mm，材料为钢材或铝合金。The size of the above-mentioned X1 slide rail 5 and X2 slide rail 9 is determined according to the length of the model groove, the shape is linear, the length is 2-5m, the diameter is 3-5mm, and the material is steel or aluminum alloy.
上述料池18中盛放的料浆为胶结材料，其材料为混凝土、水泥砂浆、石灰或石膏；料池18内的搅拌装置19在制作期间不间断搅拌，保证胶结材料的流动性，其功率为100～300W，搅拌速度为360～720r/min；料池18的进料口端直径为0.3～0.5m，输料口端直径为4分～1寸，圆柱端高度为0.1～0.3m，圆台端高度为0.1～0.2m；料浆泵12中加热装置控制材料的温度范围为10～50℃。The slurry contained in the above-mentioned material pool 18 is cementing material, and its material is concrete, cement mortar, lime or gypsum; The stirring device 19 in the material pool 18 stirs continuously during the production period to ensure the fluidity of the cementing material, and its power It is 100～300W, and the stirring speed is 360～720r/min; the diameter of the feed port end of the material pool 18 is 0.3～0.5m, the diameter of the feed port end is 4 minutes～1 inch, and the height of the cylindrical end is 0.1～0.3m. The height of the round table end is 0.1-0.2m; the heating device in the slurry pump 12 controls the temperature range of the material to be 10-50°C.
本实例进料口端直径为0.3m，输砂口端直径为4分，圆柱端高度为0.1m，圆台端高度为0.1m；阀门3可控制砂的出砂速度，本实例的出砂速度为0.05m3/h；输砂管2的直径为4分；出砂口11的形状为圆形，出砂口网眼孔径为1mm，出料或出砂速度为0.05m3/h，料池18与砂池1位置要高于模型槽0.5m。In this example, the diameter of the feed port is 0.3m, the diameter of the sand delivery port is 4m, the height of the cylinder end is 0.1m, and the height of the round table end is 0.1m; the valve 3 can control the sand production speed, and the sand production speed of this example is 0.05m 3 /h; the diameter of the sand delivery pipe 2 is 4 minutes; the shape of the sand outlet 11 is circular, the mesh aperture of the sand outlet is 1mm, and the material or sand output speed is 0.05m 3 /h. 18 and sand tank 1 should be 0.5m higher than the model tank.
相应的尺寸不限于此，只要满足：砂池1的进料口端直径为0.3～0.5m，输砂口端直径为4分～1寸，圆柱端高度为0.1～0.3m，圆台端高度为0.1～0.2m；利用阀门3的出砂速度为0.05～0.1m3/h均可行；输砂管2的直径可根据料池输料口端或输砂口端直径确定，尺寸为4分～1寸均可；以及出砂口11的形状还可设置为扁形或圆形，出砂口网眼孔径为1～4mm，可控制出料或出砂速度为0.05～0.1m3/h。料池18与砂池1位置高于模型槽0.1～1m即可。The corresponding size is not limited to this, as long as it satisfies: the diameter of the feed port of the sand tank 1 is 0.3-0.5m, the diameter of the sand delivery port is 4 minutes to 1 inch, the height of the cylindrical end is 0.1-0.3m, and the height of the round table end is 0.1 ~ 0.2m; the sand output speed of valve 3 is 0.05 ~ 0.1m 3 /h is feasible; the diameter of the sand delivery pipe 2 can be determined according to the diameter of the feeding port of the material tank or the sand feeding port, and the size is 4 minutes ~ 1 inch is acceptable; and the shape of the sand outlet 11 can also be set as flat or circular, the mesh aperture of the sand outlet is 1-4mm, and the discharge or sand speed can be controlled to be 0.05-0.1m3/h. It is sufficient that the positions of the feed tank 18 and the sand tank 1 are 0.1-1m higher than the model tank.
砂池1中盛放的砂可以为福建标准砂、也可为地区天然河砂，砂的粒径可为细砂、中砂或粗砂，砂的级配可选择良好或不良。The sand contained in the sand tank 1 can be Fujian standard sand or natural river sand in the region. The particle size of the sand can be fine sand, medium sand or coarse sand, and the gradation of the sand can be selected as good or bad.
实施例2：Example 2:
利用实施例1中的3D打印模型桩及砂雨法试验制作装置进行试验模型的打印，包括以下步骤：Utilize the 3D printing model pile among the embodiment 1 and sand rain method test making device to carry out the printing of test model, comprise the following steps:
(1)确定模型的结构，确定模型中各构件的材料：利用AutoCAD、3Dmax、ProE、UG或Solidworks三维制图软件，设计模型桩22形状与尺寸、桩周土体分层与相对密实度、以及模型桩22在桩周土体中的布置位置；模型桩22的横截面形状可以为图1、图2中所示的圆形，也可以为图3中所示的X形、长方形或楔形桩，以及Y形或者圆环形，可根据具体试验需要来进行设计。模型桩22的桩长可设计为300～950mm；横截面若为圆形则其直径可以设计为15～35mm；横截面若为长方形则其边长可以设计为15～35mm；横截面若为X形或Y形则其外包圆直径可以设计为15～35mm，开弧角度为90～120°，圆环形外径为10～35mm、壁厚为5～7mm；若为楔形桩则其上部直径可设计为15～35mm，下部直径为10～30mm。利用砂雨法控制相对密实度为30～80％，可以在不同位置设置不同相对密实度的砂土以模拟多层土情况。(1) determine the structure of the model, determine the material of each component in the model: utilize AutoCAD, 3Dmax, ProE, UG or Solidworks three-dimensional drawing software, design model pile 22 shape and size, soil layering and relative compactness around the pile, and The layout position of the model pile 22 in the soil around the pile; the cross-sectional shape of the model pile 22 can be the circle shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, or the X-shaped, rectangular or wedge-shaped pile shown in Figure 3 , and Y-shaped or circular, can be designed according to specific test needs. The pile length of the model pile 22 can be designed as 300-950mm; if the cross-section is circular, its diameter can be designed as 15-35mm; if the cross-section is rectangular, its side length can be designed as 15-35mm; if the cross-section is X If it is a wedge-shaped or Y-shaped pile, the diameter of the outer circle can be designed to be 15-35mm, the opening angle is 90-120°, the outer diameter of the circular ring is 10-35mm, and the wall thickness is 5-7mm; if it is a wedge-shaped pile, its upper diameter It can be designed to be 15-35mm, and the diameter of the lower part is 10-30mm. The sand rain method is used to control the relative compactness to 30-80%. Sandy soils with different relative compactness can be set at different positions to simulate multi-layer soil conditions.
模型桩22可以采用单个桩体，也可以是两个及以上，如图4所示的的群桩；桩体之间可以采用如图2所示的倾斜桩，也可以采用如图3所示的不同横截面。Model pile 22 can adopt single pile body, also can be two or more, pile group as shown in Figure 4; Can adopt inclined pile as shown in Figure 2 between pile bodies, also can adopt as shown in Figure 3 different cross-sections.
(2)备料：将料浆装入料池18，将砂装入砂池1，打开料池18的搅拌装置19，速度调为360r/min，打开料浆泵12的加热装置，温度控制为10℃；上述搅拌装置19的速度控制在360～720r/min，加热装置的温度只要控制在10～50℃均可；(2) material preparation: the slurry is packed into the material tank 18, sand is packed into the sand tank 1, the stirring device 19 of the material tank 18 is opened, the speed is adjusted to 360r/min, the heating device of the slurry pump 12 is opened, and the temperature is controlled as 10°C; the speed of the stirring device 19 is controlled at 360-720r/min, and the temperature of the heating device can be controlled at 10-50°C;
选用水泥砂浆作为模型桩22的材料，选用福建标准砂并选用级配良好的细砂作为桩周土的砂土，利用砂雨法控制砂土的相对密度为50％，撒砂高度为0.5m，出砂速度为0.05m3/h。Cement mortar is selected as the material of the model pile 22, Fujian standard sand and well-graded fine sand are selected as the sandy soil around the pile, the relative density of the sandy soil is controlled to 50% by the sand rain method, and the sanding height is 0.5m , The sand production rate is 0.05m3/h.
上述模型桩22的材料也可以为混凝土、水泥砂浆、石灰或石膏；桩周土的砂土材料为福建标准砂或地区天然砂，粒径为细砂、中砂或粗砂，级配为良好或不良，砂雨法控制砂土的相对密实度30～80％，计算出撒砂的高度为0.2～0.7m、出砂速度为0.05～0.1m3/h即可。The material of above-mentioned model pile 22 also can be concrete, cement mortar, lime or gypsum; Or poor, sand rain method to control the relative density of sand 30-80%, calculate the height of sand sprinkled at 0.2-0.7m, sand speed of 0.05-0.1m 3 /h.
(3)施工制作：根据试验参数及绘制的三维立体模型，调整料池18和砂池1与模型槽4的相对高度、通过阀门3调节至需要的速度，模型桩打印设备开始打印模型桩，砂土法填筑设备开始撒砂；保证模型桩22的打印高度略高于填埋砂的高度；打印期间可根据试验要求，在模型槽中埋置测量元器件，例如：土压力盒、沉降标，并且在打印过程中可变化出砂口距砂面的距离，以实现多层土，例如：开始为30cm，其后为50cm，第三层为70cm。(3) Construction production: According to the test parameters and the drawn three-dimensional model, adjust the relative heights of the material tank 18, the sand tank 1 and the model tank 4, adjust to the required speed through the valve 3, and the model pile printing equipment starts to print the model pile, The sand filling equipment begins to sprinkle sand; ensure that the printing height of the model pile 22 is slightly higher than the height of the landfill sand; during printing, measurement components can be embedded in the model groove according to the test requirements, such as: earth pressure box, settlement The distance between the sand outlet and the sand surface can be changed during the printing process to achieve multiple layers of soil, for example: 30cm at the beginning, 50cm after that, and 70cm for the third layer.
(4)模型试验：模型布置完成后，开展相关的桩基静载荷、抗拔、水平向或多方向荷载组合承载力试验。(4) Model test: After the model layout is completed, carry out the relevant static load, pull-out, horizontal or multi-directional load combined bearing capacity tests of the pile foundation.
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| CN103735063A (en) * | 2012-10-17 | 2014-04-23 | 戴永锋 | A portable multidirectional rotating swing rocking chair |
| CN106498934A (en) * | 2016-12-07 | 2017-03-15 | 河海大学 | Pile foundation site operation system and method based on 3D printing |
| CN108922368A (en) * | 2018-06-18 | 2018-11-30 | 苏州大学 | A kind of continuous wall trench underground overall process test method and its simulator |
| CN108922368B (en) * | 2018-06-18 | 2023-12-01 | 苏州大学 | Underground diaphragm wall grooving whole process test method and simulation device thereof |
| CN112816660A (en) * | 2021-01-14 | 2021-05-18 | 浙江大学 | Centrifugal model test device and method for researching underground continuous wall construction environmental effect |
| CN112816660B (en) * | 2021-01-14 | 2022-04-08 | 浙江大学 | Centrifugal Model Test Device and Method for Studying Environmental Effects of Underground Diaphragm Wall Construction |
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