CN105811040A - Method for smashing, detaching and recycling lithium battery - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a lithium battery crushing, dismantling and recycling method, which uses equipment such as a water suction wind breaker, a magnetic separator, a horizontal winnowing machine, a water friction machine, a first vortex separator, a second vortex separator, etc. Materials such as plastic, diaphragm, stainless steel, aluminum-plastic film, aluminum, plastic, copper foil, aluminum foil, graphite, etc. are sorted out of batteries, and the sorting purity can reach between 94%‑99%. During the production process, various harmful gases in the lithium battery are treated by spray towers and activated carbon towers to meet the discharge standards. All the water required in the production process is recycled. There is no external drainage source, and the water is precipitated and filtered during the circulation process. and adding chemicals for water treatment. The invention does not require pretreatment of waste batteries, and can be directly crushed, disassembled, and recycled; can significantly improve the treatment quality and efficiency of waste batteries, and can effectively control the discharge of pollutants during the treatment process.

Description

A kind of crushing and dismantling recovery method of lithium battery

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of dismantling and recycling of waste batteries, in particular to a method for crushing, dismantling and recycling of lithium batteries.

Background technique

With the country's vigorous promotion of electric vehicles, a large number of batteries will face the problem of being scrapped in the future. According to the prediction of China Automotive Technology Research Center, the recycling rate of waste batteries in my country is less than 2%. A large number of waste batteries cause waste of resources and energy. Environmental pollution, waste lithium-ion batteries contain a lot of available resources, such as valuable metals such as aluminum and copper, graphite, carbon-based materials, etc.; if these waste lithium batteries are not disposed of properly, it will cause a lot of waste of resources and environmental pollution .

However, the recycling of lithium batteries in the prior art has just started, and the existing separation methods usually have relatively large limitations. They cannot effectively separate the reusable resources of waste batteries at one time, and a large amount of energy will be generated during the separation process. Dust and harmful substances not only affect the treatment quality and efficiency of waste batteries, but also cause serious damage to the environment. Therefore, it is necessary for those skilled in the art to improve this.

Contents of the invention

An object of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, and then provide a lithium battery crushing and dismantling recycling method, the present invention does not need to carry out pretreatment to waste batteries, can directly enter crushing, dismantling, recycling; can significantly Improve the treatment quality and efficiency of waste batteries, and effectively control the discharge of pollutants in the treatment process.

Technical scheme of the present invention:

A method for crushing, dismantling, and recovering lithium batteries, comprising the following steps:

The first step is to put the charged or uncharged lithium battery into the water type suction crusher as a whole;

In the second step, the water-type suction crusher crushes the lithium battery, and protects the lithium battery in the crushing process through the water medium. After the sewage is precipitated, it can be filtered to obtain a mixture of the positive electrode material and graphite in the lithium battery; The aggregate shut-off fan is connected to the water-type suction breaker, and the plastic film in the lithium battery can be obtained through the aggregate shut-off fan;

The third step is to transport the crushed lithium battery to the magnetic separator, and the iron in the lithium battery can be separated by the magnetic separator;

The fourth step is to convey the crushed materials to the horizontal winnowing machine. The horizontal winnowing machine separates the lighter material and the heavier material. The horizontal winnowing machine is connected with the first vortex separator and the water friction machine respectively. After the heavy material is processed by the first vortex separator, plastic shell, stainless steel and aluminum can be obtained. The water friction machine is connected with the screening machine and the second vortex separator in turn. The lighter material can be separated by the water friction machine, and the screening machine can be separated to obtain aluminum. The plastic packaging can be separated to obtain plastic debris, aluminum foil, and copper foil after being treated by the second vortex separator. The sewage is returned to the sedimentation tank through the dehydration device, and the mixture of positive electrode material and graphite is obtained by precipitation.

Further, a dehydration feeder is provided between the magnetic separator and the water-type air suction crusher, and at least one water supply pool is provided, and the water supply pool is respectively used for the water-type air suction crusher and the dehydration upper machine. feeder, water friction machine water supply.

Further, the aggregate shut-off fan is sequentially connected with the induced draft fan, the spray tower, and the activated carbon tower.

Further, a hoist, an S-shaped vibrating air separator, and a feeder are sequentially arranged between the magnetic separator and the horizontal air separator, and the S-shaped vibrating air separator is connected to the aggregate. Fan connection.

Furthermore, after the sewage discharged from the water-type air suction breaker in the second step settles, it is necessary to successively pass through the steps of filtration and dehydration to obtain the mixture of the positive electrode material and graphite.

Further, the second vortex separator is connected to the dense medium separator, and the dense medium separator can separate the aluminum foil from the copper foil.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The lithium battery crushing, dismantling and recycling method disclosed in the present invention specifically includes the following four steps. Machine, the waste lithium battery can be crushed as a whole through the water-type suction crusher, without pre-dismantling the lithium battery and other procedures, which can effectively improve the processing efficiency, and the water-type crushing can be crushed by water During the process, Fengrun lithium battery materials are protected safely to prevent the generation of dust pollutants in the process; in the second step, the sewage after the fusion of the above steps can be separated to obtain the positive electrode material and graphite mixture in the lithium battery, and the aggregate is closed. The fan is connected to the water-type suction crusher, and the plastic film in the lithium battery can be separated by using the aggregate shut-off fan; the third step is to separate the iron material in the lithium battery through a magnetic separator; the fourth step is to crush the The final material is transported to the horizontal winnowing machine, and the horizontal winnowing machine separates the lighter material and the heavier material. The horizontal winnowing machine is respectively connected with the first vortex separator and the water type friction machine. After the heavy material is processed by the first vortex separator, plastic shell, stainless steel and aluminum can be obtained. The water type friction machine is connected with the screening machine and the second vortex separator in turn. Connected, the lighter matter passes through the water friction machine, the screening machine can separate to obtain aluminum-plastic packaging, and after the second vortex separator can separate and obtain plastic debris, aluminum foil, copper foil, the sewage returns to the sedimentation tank through the dehydration device, and is processed Precipitate to obtain a mixture of positive electrode material and graphite.

With such an arrangement, the valuable resources in waste batteries can be separated and recovered through the above-mentioned pipeline-type separation process, which can significantly improve the treatment quality and efficiency of waste batteries, and can effectively control the discharge of pollutants during the treatment process.

Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the processing flow of an embodiment of the present invention;

detailed description

The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

As shown in Figure 1, the lithium battery crushing, dismantling and recycling method disclosed in this embodiment includes the following steps:

The first step is to put the charged or uncharged lithium battery into the water-type suction crusher, and the waste lithium battery can be crushed through the water-type suction crusher without pre-dismantling the lithium battery. Compared with the existing technology, it is necessary to discharge and dismantle the waste lithium battery, which can effectively improve the treatment efficiency, and adopts water crushing, which can fuse the crushed lithium battery materials through water, which can prevent the process of generation of dust pollutants;

In the second step, the water-type suction crusher crushes the lithium battery, and protects the lithium battery during the crushing process through the water medium. After the sewage is precipitated, preferably, the sinking is obtained by filtration, and the sinking After dehydration, the positive electrode material and graphite impurities in the lithium battery can be obtained; the aggregate shut-off fan is connected to the water-type suction breaker, and the plastic film in the lithium battery can be obtained through the aggregate shut-off fan; preferably, the aggregate shut-off fan It also needs to be connected with the induced draft fan, spray tower, and activated carbon tower in turn. Through the induced draft fan, the dust and other particulate pollutants and toxic gases inhaled by the aggregate fan can be discharged into the spray tower, and the spray tower can treat dust and other particles. The following activated carbon tower can effectively adsorb toxic gases, etc., so that the dust and toxic gases generated during the dismantling process of waste lithium batteries can be prevented from being discharged into the atmosphere, and environmental pollution can be avoided;

In the third step, the lithium battery scraps processed in the second step above are transported to the magnetic separator. Preferably, a dehydration feeding machine is also provided between the magnetic separator and the water-type suction crusher, and the dehydration feeding The machine can facilitate the further dehydration and feeding treatment of the crushed materials processed by the water suction air crusher, which is helpful for the subsequent magnetic separation, and the iron in the crushed materials can be separated through the magnetic separator;

In the fourth step, the lithium battery scraps processed by the above-mentioned magnetic separator are transported to the horizontal air separator. Preferably, a hoist, an S-shaped vibrating air separator, and an elevator are arranged in sequence between the magnetic separator and the horizontal air separator. Selecting machine and feeding machine, in which the S-shaped vibrating air separator is connected with the aggregate closing fan, so that the S-shaped vibrating air separator can collect the dust and toxic gas remaining in the lithium battery fragments and generated after vibration. The induced draft fan, spray tower, and activated carbon tower after the material shutdown fan are used for dust removal and adsorption treatment, which can further prevent dust and toxic gases from polluting the environment; Connection, through the first vortex separator, the plastic, stainless steel, and aluminum in the battery scrap can be separated, preferably, the plastic and stainless steel can be separated by air separation or induction sorting machine; the water friction machine is sequentially connected with the screening machine, the second The vortex separator is connected, the screening machine can separate the aluminum-plastic packaging, and the second vortex separator can separate the copper foil and the aluminum foil. And the separation and recovery of matrix materials.

Preferably, at least one water supply pool is also included, through which water can be supplied to the water-type suction breaker, dehydration feeder, and water-type friction machine, and at the same time, the sewage can be returned to the water supply pool after sedimentation and filtration to realize recycling.

In the invention, waste batteries are completely broken without pretreatment and discharge, and then corresponding materials are self-selected one by one and step by step. In this process, waste lithium batteries such as plastic, diaphragm, stainless steel, Aluminum-plastic film, aluminum, plastic, copper foil, aluminum foil, graphite and other materials, the separation purity can reach between 94% and 99%. During the production process, various harmful gases in lithium batteries are treated by spray towers and activated carbon towers to meet the discharge standards. All the water required in the production process is recycled. There is no external drainage source, and the water is precipitated and filtered during the circulation process. and adding chemicals for water treatment. The invention can dismantle various lithium batteries without being affected by the shape and structure of the battery, and has the advantages of high dismantling efficiency and low cost.

The invention does not require pretreatment of waste batteries, and can be directly crushed, disassembled, and recycled; can significantly improve the treatment quality and efficiency of waste batteries, and can effectively control the discharge of pollutants during the treatment process.

The above embodiments are only exemplary illustrations of this patent, and do not limit its protection scope. Those skilled in the art can also make partial changes to it, as long as they do not exceed the spirit and essence of this patent, they are all within the protection scope of this patent.

Claims (6)

1. a lithium battery crushes and disassembles recovery method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:

The first step, breaks the input ability of swimming air draught of charged or uncharged lithium battery entirety in machine；

Second step, described ability of swimming air draught is broken machine and lithium battery is carried out break process, by aqueous medium to the lithium electricity in shattering process Pond carries out safeguard protection, may filter that the graphite obtained in lithium battery after settlement of sewage；The Blowing stopper that gathers materials breaks with described ability of swimming air draught Machine connects, and by gathering materials, Blowing stopper can obtain the plastic film in lithium battery；

3rd step, is delivered to magnetic separator, by the ferrum in magnetic separator separable acquisition lithium battery by the lithium battery after broken；

4th step, is delivered to horizontal winnower by the material after broken, and horizontal winnower sub-elects light matter matter and relatively heavy substance, Horizontal winnower is connected with the first whirlpool extension set and ability of swimming rubbing machine respectively, and relatively heavy substance can be obtained after being processed by the first whirlpool extension set Moulding shell, rustless steel and aluminum, ability of swimming rubbing machine is connected with screening machine, the second whirlpool extension set successively, and light matter matter is through ability of swimming friction Machine, the aluminum-plastic packaged thing of the separable acquisition of screening machine, after the second whirlpool extension set processes separable acquisition plastics foreign material, aluminium foil, Copper Foil, sewage returns to sedimentation tank through dehydration device, carries out precipitating the mixture obtaining positive electrode with graphite.

A kind of lithium battery the most according to claim 1 is broken disassembles recovery method, it is characterised in that described magnetic separator with Described ability of swimming air draught is broken and is provided with dehydration feeder between machine, also includes at least one feed cistern, and described feed cistern is respectively to institute State ability of swimming air draught and break machine, dehydration feeder, the water supply of ability of swimming rubbing machine.

A kind of lithium battery the most according to claim 1 is broken disassembles recovery method, it is characterised in that described in gather materials pass wind Machine is connected with air-introduced machine, spray column, activated carbon tower successively.

A kind of lithium battery the most according to claim 3 is broken disassembles recovery method, it is characterised in that at described magnetic separator And it is disposed with elevator, S-shaped vibration winnowing machine, feeder, described S-shaped vibration winnowing between described horizontal winnower Machine is connected with the described Blowing stopper that gathers materials.

A kind of lithium battery the most according to claim 4 is broken disassembles recovery method, it is characterised in that in described second step After the settlement of sewage that machine is discharged is broken in described ability of swimming air draught, in addition it is also necessary to pass sequentially through filtration, dehydration obtains described positive electrode Mixture with graphite.

A kind of lithium battery the most according to claim 5 is broken disassembles recovery method, it is characterised in that described second whirlpool is divided Machine is connected with described dense media separator, and described aluminium foil can be separated by described dense media separator with described Copper Foil.