CN105772501A - Phytoremediation method for underground soil pollution - Google Patents
Phytoremediation method for underground soil pollution Download PDFInfo
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- CN105772501A CN105772501A CN201610287304.XA CN201610287304A CN105772501A CN 105772501 A CN105772501 A CN 105772501A CN 201610287304 A CN201610287304 A CN 201610287304A CN 105772501 A CN105772501 A CN 105772501A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/10—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes
- B09C1/105—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes using fungi or plants
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C2101/00—In situ
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Abstract
The invention discloses a phytoremediation method for underground soil pollution. The method comprises the steps that the periphery underground soil polluted environment is surveyed with a pollution source as a center, the polluted plume shape characteristics are simulated, a pollution point is determined, and well spacing is conducted; a plastic limiting film is placed in a well, a culture medium is added in the film, and a restoring plant is transplanted in the culture medium; the plastic limiting film is of a hollow cylinder structure with openings in the two ends, the top of the plastic limiting film is flush with the ground, the bottom of the plastic limiting film goes deep into the underground soil polluted area and is higher than the underground water level by 0.5 m-1 m, the plastic limiting film can circumferentially surround the root system of the restoring plant, and the transverse growth of the root system of the restoring plant is limited; and the restoring plant is cultivated till the soil reaches the standard. The restoring plant is planted at the specific pollution point according to the polluted plume characteristics, the plastic limiting film is arranged on the periphery of the restoring plant, and therefore the restoring plant can more reasonably grow towards a to-be-restored area polluted underground; and the restoring efficiency is improved, and the purpose of efficient soil in-situ restoring is achieved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to pollution law technical field, particularly relate to the plant restoration method that a kind of underground pollutes.
Background technology
Through the process of industrialization of decades, a large amount of factories are closed down because of severe contamination.Finding through investigation, all there is pollution in various degree in most factories, and with a varied topography various owing to polluting time length, geology, and pollution condition is more complicated.Contaminated soil, on the one hand by direct polluted underground water, causes water deficiency to people, and pollutant shift with subsoil water on the other hand, not only pollutes underground, and is likely to and physical features lower ground watchband is come serious ecological crisis.
According to features of pollution, underground is polluted big reduction of a fraction two classes by earth's surface: a class is the impact that pollutant are not subject to subsoil water and landform, permeates immediately below polluter, and spreads to surrounding, forms so-called " pollution clouds "；Such pollution range is measurable, the situation that pollutant shift does not occur, and can pass through engineering means and remove, repairs or isolation.Another kind of, it is along with skew occur in landform, direction of groundwater flow after pollutant penetrate into underground, form strip contaminated zone, being called " Pollution Plume ", be characterized in that earth's surface contaminated area is little, earth's surface diffusion is inconspicuous, but the increasing along with pollution depth, pollutant levels are gradually increased, and diffusing phenomenon are obvious, and contaminated area is likely to be breached the several times of earth's surface contaminated area to decades of times.This pollution type crypticity is strong, identity is poor, and the degree of depth more than 10m generally can be arrived in serious pollution region, huge by engineering reparation means quantities such as broken tables, substantially cannot be carried out, and Engineering Disturbance unavoidably aggravates the diffusion of pollutant.And means are same because the degree of depth is difficult to carry out greatly to select standard biologic to repair.
At present, adopt the research report that underground contaminated soil is administered by plant restoration method more, for instance:
The application for a patent for invention document that application publication number is CN104607448A discloses a kind of method repairing Cd contaminated soil or water body, the method adopts south Herba corydalis racemosae as vegetable material, Cd contaminated soil or water body to be repaired, step is as follows: 1) in south Herba corydalis racemosae sprigging to Cd contaminated soil or water body, will keep the pH value of soil or water body in the growth course after the Herba corydalis racemosae of south between 5～8；2) regularly gathering in ground or the above water of south Herba corydalis racemosae, the Cd content continued in soil or water body reaches environmental quality requirement.Cadmium in the sustainable extraction soil of the method and water body, thus the cadmium pollution removed in soil or water body.
Application publication number is a kind of method that the application for a patent for invention document of CN102553903A discloses restoration of soil polluted by heavy metal, and the method selects soil nutrient and the relatively low heavy-metal contaminated soil of the content of organic matter to repair；Plantation rehabilitation plant companion ore deposit Herba hylotelephii erythrosticti；Until when plant length is to plant height 5～10cm, adding organic waste and biosurfactant respectively in plant roots circle district；Every 60d, repeat to apply a biosurfactant to soil；After rehabilitation plant maturation, gather in the crops on the ground and under ground portion, focus on；Measure heavy metal content in soil.Heavy metal is got off from desorbing soil particle by the method by biosurfactant, improves the biological effectiveness of heavy metal.
Said method is mainly for the selection of rehabilitation plant kind and coordinates the research of soil-repairing agent of rehabilitation plant, and the research for how more reasonably adjusting rehabilitation plant root growth situation is less.Therefore, it is necessary to growth and trend for rehabilitation plant root system are studied, with guarantee root system of plant can more effective process contaminated soil, improve soil remediation efficiency.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides the plant restoration method that a kind of underground pollutes, the method can reasonably adjust rehabilitation plant root growth, improves soil remediation efficiency.
The plant restoration method that a kind of underground pollutes, including:
(1) centered by polluter, soil pollution environment, simulating pollution plumage features of shape, it is determined that points of contamination are circumferentially descended in investigation, carry out well spacing；
(2) in well, place limit plastic film, and in film, add cultivation matrix, rehabilitation plant is transplanted in cultivation matrix；
Described limit plastic film is the hollow columnar structures of both ends open, and top is concordant with ground, and soil pollution region is in depth descended in bottom, and higher than level of ground water 0.5～1m, it is possible to circumferentially surround the root system repairing plant, limit its cross growth；
(3) cultivation rehabilitation plant, until soil is up to standard.
Described limit plastic film adopts fluid-tight material, it is possible to be limited within the scope of appointment by the root system of rehabilitation plant.As preferably, described limit plastic film is tubular, and diameter is 0.6～0.8m, the degree of depth >=6m.
As preferably, the material of described limit plastic film is high density polyethylene (HDPE)；This material antiseepage, anticorrosion, can avoid the infiltration at surrounding water source and the time of use long.
For improving repairing effect, it is necessary to the factors such as soil, moisture content, air that make full use of guide root system to grow to deep soil；Time bottom root growth to limit plastic film, namely can extend out to four and scatter, form obvious rhizosphere effect；Degradable organic pollutant in the presence of microorganism, or directly absorb root system organic pollution by transpiration, volatilize away at plant vivo degradation or by leaves, thus realizing the in-situ immobilization to bottom contaminated soil.
As preferably, described cultivation matrix is longitudinally divided into some layers, and from top to bottom, the silt content of cultivation matrix successively reduces, and the content of organic matter successively increases.
More preferably, described cultivation matrix is divided into five layers, from top to bottom, the sand content of each layer is followed successively by 75～95%, 55～65%, 35～45%, 25～34%, 5～15%, and the content of organic matter is followed successively by 5～15%, 16～25%, 26～35%, 36～45%, 46～55%.
The hierarchical Design of above-mentioned cultivation matrix is conducive to the growth of root system of plant and constantly extends to deep soil.
Additionally, as preferably, the inner vertical to described limit plastic film interts for the conveying pipe for cultivation matrix offer water and air；It is easy to water to root system of plant, utilizes root system hydrotropism to guide root system to grow to deeper soil layer simultaneously；In plant growing early stage, being mainly used to water, normally survive plant, after root system independently absorbs water, this conveying pipe, mainly as breather, contributes to the needs meeting root system of plant to air.
As preferably, described conveying pipe offering some sprocket holes.
As preferably, described conveying pipe arranging sprocket hole at equal intervals.
As preferably, the sustained height of described conveying pipe arranging the sprocket hole of several equal apertures.
Further, the diameter of described conveying pipe is 10～15cm；The diameter of described sprocket hole is 0.8～1.0cm.Described conveying pipe is inserted directly into the bottom concordant with limit plastic film.
In order to avoid cultivation matrix enters in the sprocket hole carrying pipe, at the stainless steel cloth (aperture is 2mm) of periphery one layer of 10 order of parcel of conveying pipe.It addition, when inserting cultivation matrix, the water content of all cultivation matrixes is 75～85%, be conducive to the survival of plant, it is possible to avoid farinose material to pass through aperture and enter in sprocket hole.
The initial planting of rehabilitation plant, it is necessary to timing is watered to earth's surface, by carrying pipe to water after plant successfully survives, often observation plant growing situation, keeps the skin wet, it is ensured that plant normally survives in time.
After plant survival, it is necessary to limit plastic film top is carried out sealing process, to avoid rainwater to enter from top.As preferably, the top of described limit plastic film is provided with antiseepage film, and antiseepage film offers the opening for conveying pipe traverse.
As preferably, the defining method of described points of contamination includes: chooses the degree of depth of the described Pollution Plume region within 6～10m, determines points of contamination in this region.
As preferably, described rehabilitation plant is willow or willow.It is relatively deep that the root system of this trees penetrates soil, selects the age of tree seeds of more than 2 years, it is easy to survival, water suction and dirt-removing power are strong.
Specifically, described willow is Xinjiang poplar or gray poplar；Described willow is SalixfragilisL. or Salixnigra.
Size according to planting plants tree crown, under the not interactional premise of plant growing, planting plants as far as possible thick and fast, as preferably, the spacing in the rows of described rehabilitation plant is 5～8m.
Compared with prior art, the method have the advantages that
The present invention feature according to Pollution Plume, specific points of contamination is planted rehabilitation plant, and is provided with limit plastic film in rehabilitation plant periphery, enable rehabilitation plant more reasonably to grow to the area to be repaired of underground pollution, improve remediation efficiency, it is achieved that soil in-situ repairs purpose efficiently.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is underground Polluted area schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the phytoremediation polluted for underground；
Wherein, 1, plant is repaired；2, limit plastic film；3, cultivation matrix；4, conveying pipe；5, sprocket hole；6, antiseepage film；
A is overground part；B is underground part pure land region；E is underground part contaminated soil region；H is subsoil water saturated zone.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with detailed description of the invention, the present invention is further explained.
Embodiment 1
With willow (Xinjiang poplar) for rehabilitation plant, test.
The plant restoration method that a kind of underground pollutes, specifically includes following steps:
(1) centered by polluter, the pollutant kind in Soil Surrounding, the degree of depth and concentration are investigated, according to Pollutant Investigation result, drawn up by Surfer software film and make the features of shape of three-dimensional Pollution Plume, (as shown in Figure 1).
(2) selecting the Pollution Plume degree of depth is the points of contamination of scope within 6～10m, and digging diameter is 0.7m, the degree of depth deep-well higher than level of ground water 0.5～1m.
(3) placing the high density polyethylene (HDPE) limit plastic film of the hollow cylindrical configuration of both ends open in well, make limit plastic film outer wall recline deep-well inwall, and make limit plastic film top concordant with ground, bottom stretches to bottom deep-well.
(4) in limit plastic film, add water content and be the cultivation matrix of 80%, wherein, cultivation matrix such as is longitudinally divided at five layers of height, from top to bottom, the amount containing yellow ground of each layer is followed successively by 80%, 60%, 40%, 30%, 10%, and organic (muck) content is followed successively by 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%；All the other components are unselected clay.
(5) being transplanted to cultivation matrix by the willow of more than the 2 years age of trees, planting depth is between 1.5～2m, and spacing in the rows is 6m, cultivates again.
(6) during cultivation, inner vertical to limit plastic film interts one for the conveying pipe for cultivation matrix offer water and air, conveying pipe offers the sprocket hole arranged at equal intervals, and sustained height is provided with the sprocket hole of several equal apertures, internal diameter of delivery hose is 12cm, sprocket hole diameter is 0.8cm.
The initial planting of rehabilitation plant, timing is watered to earth's surface until plant transplantation success, after plant survival, is sealed at limit plastic film top by antiseepage film, antiseepage film offers the opening for conveying pipe traverse, pouring water again through conveying pipe, each irrigation quantity is 20L, and the 1st month once a day, 2nd month twice weekly, 3-4 month 1 time weekly, the situation that survives of backsight trees take the circumstances into consideration to pour water, enable trees normally to survive.When not pouring water, conveying pipe provides air as vent line for cultivation matrix.
(7) according to step (6), persistently cultivation rehabilitation plant willow, until soil is up to standard.
According to above-mentioned implantation methods, rehabilitation plant plantation can be survived for about 1 year, and in 2～3 years, its root system can reach the edge of Polluted area.After the Poplar Roots planted reaches Polluted area, root system of plant can obtain moisture from deep soil, and by the pollutant absorption and transport in soil to plant shoot, by detecting the content of pollutant in overground part branch and leaf, stem and underground part root system, it is judged that the content of heavy metal and organic pollution.
The place of plant growing is typical industry contaminated site, and pollutant include heavy metal, trichloro ethylene, Nitrobenzol, benzene homologues, Polychlorinated biphenyls, the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons such as cadmium, zinc, lead and copper；After testing, wherein, cadmium concentration is 19mg/kg, and zinc concentration is 950mg/kg, and lead concentration is 740mg/kg, and copper concentration is 460mg/kg；The mean concentration of trichloro ethylene and Nitrobenzol is 81mg/kg and 149mg/kg；The average pollution concentration of benzene homologues is 45.3mg/kg；The average pollution concentration of Polychlorinated biphenyls is 69.6mg/kg；The average pollution concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon is 15.4mg/kg.
Detection willow is to underground Heavy Metals in Contaminated Soils and organic absorbing state.
Concrete detection method is as follows: take blade, stem and root system that rehabilitation plant is planted the 3rd year, measure each heavy metal element and organic content (being measured by ICP-OES after clearing up completely) in blade, stem and root system by acid solution, understanding the 3rd year of willow plantation to underground Heavy Metals in Contaminated Soils and organic absorbing state, result is as shown in table 1.The assay method of following index, as all adopted conventional determining method without special indicating.
Table 1 willow is to the absorption of soil common contaminant, removal effect
Note: in above-mentioned heavy metal repair process, willow does not show toxic effect.
Embodiment 2
With willow (Salixnigra) for rehabilitation plant, testing, concrete restorative procedure and assay method are all identical with embodiment 1, and result is as shown in table 2.
Table 2 willow is to the absorption of soil common contaminant, removal effect
Note: in above-mentioned heavy metal repair process, willow does not show toxic effect.
From can clearly plant willow and willow the 3rd year heavy metal after planting by the above results and organic pollution has obvious extraction effect, Er Qiegen, stem, leaf are different to the accumulation ability of pollutant.Heavy metal being mainly reflected in the accumulation of plant, and some organic pollutants is equal it may happen that Degradation in root system of plant, plant, part is volatilizable, and pollutant can by the transpiration of blade.
For heavy metal pollution, in the willow that dry weight is 150kg or willow, heavy metal distribution is in trunk and two parts of blade of coming off every year, and the extraction effect of trunk heavy metal is as shown in table 3.Except trunk, tree root heavy metal extraction except, the blade come off every year is also accumulated from plurality of heavy metal, the leaves producing 10～30kg with each tree every year calculates, then the blade that can produce 100-300kg in 10 years, and its heavy metals removal amount is suitable with the trunk removal amount of a 150kg.
Every willow of table 3, willow heavy metal extraction effect
It can be seen from the results above that willow and willow are complicated, various to the removal effect of organic contamination, target contaminant includes pesticide, trichloro ethylene, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, Polychlorinated biphenyls etc..Root system of plant contributes to maintaining the multiformity of biological community structure, significantly improves the degradability of organic pollution.
Therefore, the low molecular organic material of major part easily degraded is all degraded under the microbial action of root system of plant and is utilized as nutriment by plant, a small amount of refractory organic compounds absorbs moisture with root system of plant and enters plant, then part is by effect discharge or decomposing organic pollutants such as transpiration, vivo degradations, and minute quantity organic matter remains in plant.
The contact area of root system of plant and subsoil water can be effectively increased by restricting the range of activity of root system of plant, strengthen root system of plant and absorb and the ability of degradation of contaminant.According to the studies above data, deep root seeds willow, willow is planted in Pollution Plume, the organic contamination weight can effectively degraded or absorb in subsoil water and heavy metal, significantly reduce the content of underground water pollutant, place deep layer polluted soil phyto reparation provided new method.
Claims (10)
1. the plant restoration method that a underground pollutes, it is characterised in that including:
(1) centered by polluter, soil pollution environment, simulating pollution plumage features of shape, it is determined that points of contamination are circumferentially descended in investigation, carry out well spacing；
(2) in well, place limit plastic film, and in film, add cultivation matrix, rehabilitation plant is transplanted in cultivation matrix；
Described limit plastic film is the hollow columnar structures of both ends open, and top is concordant with ground, and soil pollution region is in depth descended in bottom, and higher than level of ground water 0.5～1m, it is possible to circumferentially surround the root system repairing plant, limit its cross growth；
(3) cultivation rehabilitation plant, until soil is up to standard.
2. plant restoration method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the material of described limit plastic film is high density polyethylene (HDPE).
3. plant restoration method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described cultivation matrix is longitudinally divided into some layers, and from top to bottom, the silt content of cultivation matrix successively reduces, and the content of organic matter successively increases.
4. plant restoration method as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that, described cultivation matrix is divided into five layers, from top to bottom, the sand content of each layer is followed successively by 75～95%, 55～65%, 35～45%, 25～34%, 5～15%, and the content of organic matter is followed successively by 5～15%, 16～25%, 26～35%, 36～45%, 46～55%.
5. plant restoration method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the inner vertical to described limit plastic film interts for the conveying pipe for cultivation matrix offer water and air.
6. plant restoration method as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that offer some sprocket holes on described conveying pipe.
7. plant restoration method as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that on described conveying pipe, sprocket hole is set at equal intervals.
8. plant restoration method as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that the top of described limit plastic film is provided with antiseepage film, and antiseepage film offers the opening for conveying pipe traverse.
9. plant restoration method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the defining method of described points of contamination includes: choose the degree of depth of the described Pollution Plume region within 6～10m, determine points of contamination in this region.
10. plant restoration method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described rehabilitation plant is willow or willow.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107278654A (en) * | 2017-07-03 | 2017-10-24 | 中国计量大学 | Promote the method for paddy rice stem heavy metal cadmium accumulation and its rice plant of preparation using 24 Epibrassinolides |
| CN108607874A (en) * | 2018-07-30 | 2018-10-02 | 青岛冠中生态股份有限公司 | A kind of restorative procedure of north abandoned location of industry and mining heavy metal pollution |
| CN109317513A (en) * | 2018-10-22 | 2019-02-12 | 苏州金螳螂园林绿化景观有限公司 | Northern river low-lying land soil pollution repair system |
| CN109590318A (en) * | 2018-12-07 | 2019-04-09 | 河海大学 | The device of pollutant is absorbed using gramineae plant root system |
| CN110252802A (en) * | 2019-07-18 | 2019-09-20 | 云南大学 | A method of promoting phytoremediation heavy metal polluted soil in mine field |
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|---|---|
| CN105772501B (en) | 2019-01-25 |
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