CN105777124B - 一种石墨烯原位生长碳化硅纳米材料的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种石墨烯原位生长碳化硅纳米材料的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于纳米材料制备领域,具体涉及一种石墨烯原位生长碳化硅纳米材料的制备方法。本发明采用溶胶凝胶法在石墨烯表面包裹SiO2颗粒,使石墨烯均匀分散,同时石墨烯与SiO2粉体通过化学键结合,形成良好的界面,并且在界面处原位生长碳化硅晶须及颗粒,开启了石墨烯/陶瓷复合材料领域的新思路。本发明不仅增加了石墨烯的分散性、均匀性,还提高了碳化硅的反应速率,减少杂质引入,实现了高含量高产率碳化硅晶须的合成。本发明合成方法简单,缩短反应时间,相比于常规球磨混合法,原位合成能较好的避免球磨过程引入杂质,对原料粉体结构性能的破坏,解决了石墨烯与SiO2纳米颗粒分散不均匀等问题,为批量生产提供了坚实的应用基础。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于纳米材料制备领域,具体涉及一种石墨烯原位生长碳化硅纳米材料的制备方法。
背景技术
碳化硅是一种具有高强度、高硬度、耐磨、耐腐蚀、耐高温等特性的高性能陶瓷材料,在冶金、机械、微电子、航空航天、汽车等领域应用广泛。目前合成碳化硅主要方法是采用碳粉和硅粉或二氧化硅微粉为原料,球磨混料后通过高温烧结获得(宋祖伟, 李旭云,蒋海燕, 刘希光, 戴长虹. 碳化硅晶须合成工艺的研究[J]. 无机盐工业, 2006, 38(1):29-31)。戴长虹课题组曾将纳米炭黑和二氧化硅微粉按化学计量比配料,以酒精为介质,球磨混合,并在电场电炉中合成出高纯度、高含量的碳化硅晶须(戴长虹, 赵茹, 水丽. 电场电炉合成碳化硅晶须的研究[J]. 无机材料学报, 2004, 18(3):691-694)。然而采用球磨的制备工艺复杂,球磨过程时间长,同时容易引入杂质,混料反应活性不高,导致生成碳化硅的反应效率低,难以实现工业化生产。
石墨烯是一种碳原子紧密堆积成单层二维蜂窝状晶格结构的新型纳米碳材料,机械性能优异,高硬、高强、高韧,同时具有大的比表面积和极好的反应活性。关于石墨烯陶瓷复合材料的研究日益剧增,而以石墨烯为碳源制备碳化硅的报道鲜为少见。发明专利《一种制备纳米碳化硅晶须的方法》(专利公布号:CN103834988A)将石墨烯与硅粉直接混合,真空烧结制备纳米碳化硅晶须。该方法不足之处在于石墨烯极易团聚,仅通过机械混合方式,与硅粉混合均匀性较差,易破坏石墨烯片层的分子结构,界面结合性低,造成晶须产率不高,缺陷较多。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种石墨烯原位生长碳化硅纳米材料的制备方法。该方法采用溶胶凝胶法制备石墨烯/SiO2复合粉体,并通过碳热还原反应进一步在石墨烯表面生成纳米碳化硅材料。
本发明采用以下技术方案,具体步骤如下:
一种石墨烯原位生长碳化硅纳米材料的制备方法,所述制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)将石墨烯加入醇水溶液中搅拌均匀,超声分散0.5~5小时,配制浓度为0.5g/L~5g/L的石墨烯分散液;
(2)按正硅酸乙酯和石墨烯20:1~1:1的质量比,向所得石墨烯分散液中加入正硅酸乙酯,充分搅拌溶解,使石墨烯与正硅酸乙酯混合均匀;
(3)采用溶胶凝胶法制备石墨烯/SiO2复合粉体,向步骤(2)中的石墨烯/正硅酸乙酯混合溶液并加入催化剂,持续磁力搅拌,反应温度为40℃~80℃,反应时间为1~12小时,待反应结束后,将产物进行抽滤,用去离子水、无水乙醇反复洗涤,在60℃~120℃真空干燥12~72小时;
(4)将上述石墨烯/SiO2复合粉体研磨均匀,机压成型,装入石墨坩埚中加氩气保护并真空烧结,烧结温度为1100℃~2100℃,保温时间为0.5~5小时,随炉冷却至室温,得到一种石墨烯原位生长碳化硅纳米材料。
所述醇水溶液为无水乙醇和去离子水混合溶液,其中无水乙醇和去离子水体积比为1:9~9:1。
所述催化剂为质量分数25%~28%的氨水溶液,以醇水溶液体积为标准1,则催化剂氨水溶液体积为1/100~1/10。
所述烧结过程升温速率为1℃~100℃/分钟。
本发明提出一种新型石墨烯原位生长碳化硅纳米材料的制备方法。采用溶胶凝胶法在石墨烯表面包裹SiO2颗粒,使石墨烯均匀分散,同时石墨烯与SiO2粉体通过化学键结合,形成良好的界面,并且在界面处原位生长碳化硅晶须及颗粒。总之,石墨烯原位生长碳化硅材料的制备方法研究开启了石墨烯/陶瓷复合材料领域的新思路。
本发明克服的技术难点有:(1)二氧化硅在石墨烯表面的包裹要均匀,才能获得分散均匀的碳化硅颗粒或晶须。(2)溶胶凝胶过程催化剂的选择:要选择合适的氨水的浓度,调节pH值,需在碱性条件下获得预期产物。(3)碳化硅晶须烧结工艺参数的确定:不同的工艺参数(烧结温度、保温时间等)得到碳化硅的形貌特征,晶体结构各不相同,选择合适的工艺参数制备出碳化硅晶须材料。
本发明的有益效果是:
(1)本发明不仅增加了石墨烯的分散性、均匀性,还提高了碳化硅的反应速率,减少杂质引入,实现了高含量高产率碳化硅晶须的合成。实现以石墨烯为碳源,原位生长碳化硅纳米晶须或颗粒,利用石墨烯纳米片的大比表面积、高反应活性、高表面能的特征,与表面生长的SiO2颗粒充分发生碳热还原反应,得到纳米碳化硅复合材料。
(2)本发明合成方法简单,缩短反应时间,同时相比于常规球磨混合法,原位合成能较好的避免了球磨过程引入杂质,对原料粉体结构性能的破坏,解决了石墨烯与SiO2纳米颗粒分散不均匀等问题,为批量生产提供了坚实的应用基础。
附图说明
图1为实施例4中的石墨烯和石墨烯/SiO2复合粉体的XRD图,其中a为石墨烯,b为石墨烯/SiO2复合粉体。
图2为实施例4中的石墨烯原位生长碳化硅的XRD图。
具体实施方案
本发明的目的在于提供一种石墨烯原位生长碳化硅纳米材料的制备方法。该方法采用溶胶凝胶法制备石墨烯/SiO2复合粉体,并通过碳热还原反应进一步在石墨烯表面生成纳米碳化硅材料。
本发明采用以下技术方案,具体步骤如下:
一种石墨烯原位生长碳化硅纳米材料的制备方法,所述制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)将石墨烯加入醇水溶液中搅拌均匀,超声分散0.5~5小时,配制浓度为0.5g/L~5g/L的石墨烯分散液;
(2)按正硅酸乙酯和石墨烯20:1~1:1的质量比,向所得石墨烯分散液中加入正硅酸乙酯,充分搅拌溶解,使石墨烯与正硅酸乙酯混合均匀;
(3)采用溶胶凝胶法制备石墨烯/SiO2复合粉体,向步骤(2)中的石墨烯/正硅酸乙酯混合溶液并加入催化剂,持续磁力搅拌,反应温度为40℃~80℃,反应时间为1~12小时,待反应结束后,将产物进行抽滤,用去离子水、无水乙醇反复洗涤,在60℃~120℃真空干燥12~72小时;
(4)将上述石墨烯/SiO2复合粉体研磨均匀,机压成型,装入石墨坩埚中加氩气保护并真空烧结,烧结温度为1100℃~2100℃,保温时间为0.5~5小时,随炉冷却至室温,得到一种石墨烯原位生长碳化硅纳米材料。
所述醇水溶液为无水乙醇和去离子水混合溶液,其中无水乙醇和去离子水体积比为1:9~9:1。
所述催化剂为质量分数25%~28%的氨水溶液,以醇水溶液体积为标准1,则催化剂氨水溶液体积为1/100~1/10。
所述烧结过程升温速率为1℃~100℃/分钟。
实施例1:
称量50mg的石墨烯加入100mL醇水溶液(无水乙醇和去离子水体积比为1:9)中搅拌均匀,超声分散0.5小时,配制的石墨烯分散液浓度为0.5g/L。再加入1g正硅酸乙酯,充分搅拌溶解,使石墨烯与正硅酸乙酯混合均匀,正硅酸乙酯和石墨烯的质量比为20:1。在石墨烯/正硅酸乙酯混合溶液加入1mL氨水,持续磁力搅拌,反应温度为40oC,反应时间为1小时。待反应结束后,将产物进行抽滤,用去离子水、无水乙醇反复洗涤,在60℃真空干燥12小时。将石墨烯/SiO2复合粉体研磨均匀,机压成型,装入石墨坩埚中氩气保护,以升温速率为1℃/分钟在1100℃保温0.5小时,随炉冷却至室温,最终获得一种石墨烯基纳米碳化硅材料。
实施例2:
称量300mg的石墨烯加入100mL醇水溶液(无水乙醇和去离子水体积比为1:1)中搅拌均匀,超声分散3小时,配制的石墨烯分散液浓度为3g/L。再加入3g正硅酸乙酯,充分搅拌溶解,使石墨烯与正硅酸乙酯混合均匀,正硅酸乙酯和石墨烯的质量比为10:1。在石墨烯/正硅酸乙酯混合溶液加入5mL氨水,持续磁力搅拌,反应温度为60oC,反应时间为6小时。待反应结束后,将产物进行抽滤,用去离子水、无水乙醇反复洗涤,在90℃真空干燥48小时。将石墨烯/SiO2复合粉体研磨均匀,机压成型,装入石墨坩埚中氩气保护,以升温速率为50℃/分钟在1600℃保温3小时,随炉冷却至室温,最终获得一种石墨烯基纳米碳化硅材料。
实施例3:
称量500mg的石墨烯加入100mL醇水溶液(无水乙醇和去离子水体积比为9:1)中搅拌均匀,超声分散5小时,配制的石墨烯分散液浓度为5g/L。再加入0.5g正硅酸乙酯,充分搅拌溶解,使石墨烯与正硅酸乙酯混合均匀,正硅酸乙酯和石墨烯的质量比为1:1。在石墨烯/正硅酸乙酯混合溶液加入10mL氨水,持续磁力搅拌,反应温度为80oC,反应时间为12小时。待反应结束后,将产物进行抽滤,用去离子水、无水乙醇反复洗涤,在120℃真空干燥72小时。将石墨烯/SiO2复合粉体研磨均匀,机压成型,装入石墨坩埚中真空烧结,以升温速率为100℃/分钟在2100℃保温5小时,随炉冷却至室温,最终获得一种石墨烯基纳米碳化硅材料。
实施例4:
称量30mg的石墨烯加入30mL醇水溶液(无水乙醇和去离子水体积比为1:1)中搅拌均匀,超声分散3小时,配制的石墨烯分散液浓度为1g/L。再加入0.3g正硅酸乙酯,充分搅拌溶解,使石墨烯与正硅酸乙酯混合均匀,正硅酸乙酯和石墨烯的质量比为10:1。在石墨烯/正硅酸乙酯混合溶液加入2mL氨水,持续磁力搅拌,反应温度为60oC,反应时间为10小时。待反应结束后,将产物进行抽滤,用去离子水、无水乙醇反复洗涤,在60℃真空干燥24小时。将石墨烯/SiO2复合粉体研磨均匀,机压成型,装入石墨坩埚中氩气保护,以升温速率为50℃/分钟在1600℃保温1小时,随炉冷却至室温,最终获得一种石墨烯基纳米碳化硅材料。对本实施例的原料、中间产物及最终产物进行XRD检测,结果如图1、图2所示。图1(a)表示石墨烯原料的XRD峰,可知石墨烯在20°~30°之间存在一个宽的馒头峰。图1(b)表示石墨烯/SiO2复合粉体的XRD峰,可知在25°附近有一个宽的衍射峰代表无定型二氧化硅特征峰。图2表示石墨烯原位生长的碳化硅产物的XRD峰,对应于典型的β-SiC相衍射峰。
Claims (4)
1.一种石墨烯原位生长碳化硅纳米材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)将石墨烯加入醇水溶液中搅拌均匀,超声分散0.5~5小时,配制浓度为0.5g/L~5g/L的石墨烯分散液;
(2)按正硅酸乙酯和石墨烯20:1~1:1的质量比,向所得石墨烯分散液中加入正硅酸乙酯,充分搅拌溶解,使石墨烯与正硅酸乙酯混合均匀;
(3)采用溶胶凝胶法制备石墨烯/SiO2复合粉体,向步骤(2)中的石墨烯与正硅酸乙酯混合液中加入催化剂,持续磁力搅拌,反应温度为40℃~80℃,反应时间为1~12小时,待反应结束后,将产物进行抽滤,用去离子水、无水乙醇反复洗涤,在60℃~120℃真空干燥12~72小时;
(4)将上述石墨烯/SiO2复合粉体研磨均匀,机压成型,装入石墨坩埚中加氩气保护并真空烧结,烧结温度为1100℃~2100℃,保温时间为0.5~5小时,随炉冷却至室温,得到一种石墨烯原位生长碳化硅纳米材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的石墨烯原位生长碳化硅纳米材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述醇水溶液为无水乙醇和去离子水混合溶液,其中无水乙醇和去离子水体积比为1:9~9:1。
3.根据权利要求1所述的石墨烯原位生长碳化硅纳米材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述催化剂为质量分数25%~28%的氨水溶液,以醇水溶液体积为标准1,则催化剂氨水溶液体积为1/100~1/10。
4.根据权利要求1所述的石墨烯原位生长碳化硅纳米材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述烧结过程升温速率为1℃~100℃/分钟。
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