CN105737697B - A kind of outlining blasting method suitable for joints development rock mass - Google Patents
A kind of outlining blasting method suitable for joints development rock mass Download PDFInfo
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- CN105737697B CN105737697B CN201610290939.5A CN201610290939A CN105737697B CN 105737697 B CN105737697 B CN 105737697B CN 201610290939 A CN201610290939 A CN 201610290939A CN 105737697 B CN105737697 B CN 105737697B
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- hole
- cement mortar
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- explosive
- outlining
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
- F42D1/08—Tamping methods; Methods for loading boreholes with explosives; Apparatus therefor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of outlining blasting method suitable for joints development rock mass, belong to Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering technical field.The inventive method comprises the following steps：To loading explosive and initiating equipment in outlining blasting hole, reinforcement charge constitution is only being used at the aperture and bottom hole for blocking section in powder charge section；Then cement mortar is poured into, cement mortar is filled to the joint on outlining blasting hole and its periphery, crack using its deadweight, the ignition charge before cement mortar initial set.Present invention cement mortar makees couplant, the joint fissure of blasthole and its surrounding rock body can be filled, improve the intensity and globality of rock mass, under the effect of blast impulse pressure, the compressibility of cement mortar is small, and the speed of expansion of detonation gas is slow, and action time increases, so that explosive load gently and is uniformly acted on the hole wall of surrounding, preferable outlining blasting effect is obtained.Meanwhile, the present invention can improve the capacity usage ratio of explosive, effectively reduce the consumption of explosive and explosive, reduce blast cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering technical field, and in particular to a kind of profile suitable for joints development rock mass is quick-fried
Broken method.
Background technology
The excavation quality of waterwork rock mass is directly connected to rock mass structure and hydraulic structure exists in Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering
The displacement of construction time and runtime and stability control, are the key technical problems during Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering is built.In recent years, greatly
The construction zero turn radius southwest high-mountain gorge areas of type Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering, and southwest complex geologic conditions, Weathering Zones of Igneous Rock
Big compared with deep, off-load depth, developmental joint fissure brings huge challenge to rock blasting excavation work.Such as white crane beach power station
Prismatical joint basalt etc. easily occur the rock mass for damaging and loosening under explosive load effect, technical staff needs to propose a kind of
The blasting method for more optimizing, effectively to control Rock Damage.The main method of control rock excavation quality is using wheel at this stage
Wide blasting method, but the outlining blasting method of routine has been difficult easily occur the rock mass of damage and loosening suitable for prismatical joint etc..
It is current urgent problem that the excavation quality of this kind of rock mass how to be controlled to obtain preferable excavation effect.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome the shortcomings of that prior art is present, there is provided a kind of wheel suitable for joints development rock mass
Wide blasting method, it is adaptable to the Blasting Excavation engineering of the engineering field such as water conservancy and hydropower, railway, urban construction.
The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions：
A kind of outlining blasting method suitable for joints development rock mass, comprises the following steps：Load in outlining blasting hole
Explosive and initiating equipment, in powder charge section only at aperture（Powder charge section is near the position blocked at section）Filled using reinforcement with bottom hole
Medicine structure；Then cement mortar is poured into, cement mortar is filled out to the joint on outlining blasting hole and its periphery, crack using its deadweight
Fill, the ignition charge before cement mortar initial set.
Described cement mortar, should meet following requirement：
（1）The general Portland cement or silicate dam cement that C32.5 is not less than using label, consumption is unsuitable small
In 200kg/m3。
（2）Requirement to cement fineness is to be not more than 5% by the screen over-size of 80 μm of square hole screens, and general cement granules should be small
In the 1/3~1/5 of Fracture Width.
（3）The ratio of mud is controlled 0.35:1~5:1, retarder is added in cement mortar controls the presetting period of cement mortar
1~5 hour.The volume of additive is usually no more than the 5% of cement quality.
Described explosive and initiating equipment be by explosive with the material such as bamboo chip or PVC plastic flitch be supporter and primacord bundle
It is held together, is then placed into blasthole；In powder charge section, only in aperture（Powder charge section is near blocking section position）Used with bottom hole
Strengthen powder charge, remaining position not explosive, the length of primacord is identical with powder charge segment length.Ignited using primacord propagation of explosion
The explosive at powder charge section two ends, and primacord also generates the energy of part blast, the energy using two ends explosive and primacord enters
Row explosion forms contoured surface.
The described outlining blasting method suitable for joints development rock mass, specifically includes following steps：
（1）According to explosion design requirement, after excavating quick-fried area and being drilled with outlining blasting hole, by explosive with bamboo chip or PVC plastic
The materials such as flitch are bundled for supporter with primacord, to powder charge in outlining blasting hole.Powder charge section two ends aperture at and
Using powder charge is strengthened at bottom hole, the length of primacord is identical with the length of powder charge section, and Nonel detonator is located at powder charge section upper end hole
At mouthful（Powder charge section is at the aperture for blocking section）, and bundle overlap joint with primacord.
（2）Using grouting equipment to the cement mortar that foundation field requirement is prepared is fed into hole, cement mortar is set to utilize it
Conduct oneself with dignity and the joint on outlining blasting hole and its periphery, crack are filled.And blasthole is blocked with rock slag, stemming length according to
Explosion design requirement.
（3）Each Nonel detonator is connected according to blasting network design requirement detonator and confirm initiation net safety.
Before cement mortar initial set, by Nonel detonator ignition charge.The degree of impairment of profiled orifice is observed, detected after the completion of explosion.
Principle of the invention is, is that supporter is fixed by materials such as explosive bamboo chip, PVC plastic flitch after drilling, quick-fried with leading
Rope is bundled and is put into hole, using reinforcement powder charge only at powder charge sector hole mouthful and bottom hole.After explosive is placed, using note
The grout pouring that slurry equipment will be prepared enters in outlining blasting hole, makes cement mortar in the full outlining blasting hole of Gravitative Loads retrofilling
And its joint, the crack of surrounding.Blocking section is placed in as plugging material with the rock slag of collection in worksite, primacord is not passed through blocking
Section.Before cement mortar initial set, using the primacord in cap sensitive hole, primacord is then ignited positioned at the fried of aperture and bottom hole
Medicine.The present invention replaces the couplants such as traditional air or water with cement mortar, and cement mortar can fill blasthole and its surrounding rock body
Joint fissure, the intensity and globality of rock mass can be improved after hardening.Under huge blast impulse pressure effect, cement mortar
Compressibility is relatively small, and the speed of expansion of detonation gas is slower, and action time increases, so that explosive load is than shallower and equal
On the even hole wall for acting on surrounding, preferable outlining blasting effect is obtained in joints development rock mass, and reduce explosion damage
Effect.Meanwhile, the capacity usage ratio of explosive can be improved, the consumption of explosive and explosive is effectively reduced, reduce blast cost.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are：
1st, acted on using the gravity grouting of cement mortar so that the trickle joint fissure in joints development rock mass is filled with, and makes
The intensity for obtaining joints development rock mass is improved with globality.
2nd, in outlining blasting hole fill cement mortar as couplant, for more traditional water, air, in huge blast
Under impulsive force, compressibility is smaller, effectively the action time of extension detonation gas, improves explosive utilization rate, can so reduce dress
Medicine is consumed, and reduces construction costs.
3rd, perfusion equipment and process is simple, the lower cost for material of cement mortar, it is easy to obtain.
4th, in hole, using explosive and primacord in cap sensitive outlining blasting hole, more safety can for primacord full section
Lean on.
5th, only strengthen powder charge at powder charge sector hole mouthful and bottom hole, using the energy of primacord and two ends explosive carry out explosion from
And contoured surface is formed, this kind of charge constitution greatlys save explosive consumption, reduces construction costs.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is outlining blasting hole of the present invention overall structure diagram；
Fig. 2 is protective layer excavation borehole pattern；
Fig. 3 be Fig. 2 in A-A to profile；
In figure, 1 is detonator, and 2 is rock slag, and 3 is Nonel detonator, and 4 to strengthen powder charge section, and 5 is primacord and bamboo chip, 6
It is cement mortar, 7 to block section, and 8 is powder charge section, and 9 is main blast hole, and 10 is cushion hole, and 11 is outlining blasting hole, and α is rock foundation
Inclination angle.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be further described with specific embodiment for explanation below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Outlining blasting hole of the present invention overall structure diagram is as shown in figure 1, be divided into blocking section 7 and powder charge 8 two parts of section.It is fried
Medicine is bundled as supporter and primacord with bamboo chip and is positioned in blasthole, the length phase of the length of primacord and powder charge section
Together, in Fig. 1,5 is primacord and bamboo chip, and 4 is reinforcement powder charge section.Positioned at powder charge section upper end aperture at Nonel detonator 3 with lead
Quick-fried rope binding overlap joint, one end of detonator 1 is connected with Nonel detonator 3, other end exposed hole outward and with other outlining blasting holes
Detonator connection.Powder charge 8 grout injections 6 of section, block section 7 and are blocked for 2 pairs with rock slag.
The present invention specifically includes following steps suitable for the outlining blasting method of joints development rock mass：
（1）According to explosion design requirement, after excavating quick-fried area and being drilled with outlining blasting hole, by explosive with bamboo chip or PVC plastic
The materials such as flitch are bundled for supporter with primacord, to powder charge in outlining blasting hole.The aperture and hole at powder charge section two ends
Using strengthening, powder charge, the length of primacord are identical with the length of powder charge section for bottom, and Nonel detonator is located at powder charge section upper end aperture
Place, and bundle overlap joint with primacord.
（2）Using grouting equipment to the cement mortar that foundation field requirement is prepared is fed into hole, cement mortar is set to utilize it
Conduct oneself with dignity and the joint on outlining blasting hole and its periphery, crack are filled.And blasthole is blocked with rock slag, stemming length according to
Explosion design requirement.
（3）Each Nonel detonator is connected according to blasting network design requirement detonator and confirm initiation net safety.
Before cement mortar initial set, by Nonel detonator ignition charge.The degree of impairment of profiled orifice is observed, detected after the completion of explosion.
Embodiment 1
Certain Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering induced joint rock foundation protection course excavation project, because basic rock mass belongs to prismatical joint rock
Body, conventional outlining blasting blasting vibration is big, and explosion damage range is big, and column joint plane loose range is big after explosion.Therefore consider to use
To ensure excavation quality, as requested, outlining blasting mode selects presplit blasting scheme to outlining blasting technology of the invention.Protection
Layer uses Long-hole Bench Blasting, and protective layer excavation drilling is arranged as shown in Figures 2 and 3, shoulder height 8m, rock foundation inclination alpha=65
O, protective layer thickness is 5m, pre- ceasma 11（Outlining blasting hole）Drilling depth is 8.8m, and main blast hole 9 needs outdrill with cushion hole 10
0.3m, is 9.1m.0.8~the 0.9m of spacing of pre- ceasma 11, burden is 1m.The spacing 1.8m of cushion hole 10, burden is 1.5m.It is main
The spacing of blast hole 9 is 3m, and burden is 2.5m.Bore diameter is 90mm, main blast hole Explosive roll diameter 70mm, cushion hole explosive medicine
Coil diameter 50mm, a diameter of 32mm of Explosive roll of pre- ceasma, often save powder stick 20cm long, weight 150g.Main blast hole 9, cushion hole 10
It is consistent with rock foundation inclination alpha with the angle of inclination in outlining blasting hole 11.
Comprise the following steps that：
1st, drill：According to explosion design requirement, surveying and locating boring point is drilled with blast hole behind position, to be carried out after the completion of drilling
Verify work.Design altitude is got into not enough the mending of hole depth, and the blasthole of ultra-deep will do back-up sand treatment.
2nd, powder charge：, using conventional level charging structure, explosive is uniformly distributed along blasthole axis for main blast hole and cushion hole powder charge.
For pre- ceasma, the explosive series connection of volume 3 are placed at powder charge sector hole mouthful and bottom hole respectively, and primacord parallel connection bind is on bamboo chip.
Near 1 section of Nonel detonator binding overlap joint of one section of primacord in aperture and two hairs, then it is connected with Nonel detonator with detonator, is led
The other end extension of booster is portalled outer.
3rd, grout injection：It is existing to being injected in the pre- ceasma being drilled with using grouting equipment after explosive is positioned over into blasthole
The good cement mortar of mixing, makes cement mortar be filled to the joint on pre- ceasma and its periphery, crack using its deadweight.Cement mortar
Using C32.5 Portland cements, fineness is 10 μm, and the ratio of mud uses 1:1, according to《Hydraulic structure cement grout is constructed
Technical specification》（SL62-94）Calculate, cement consumption about 210kg in every cubic meter of water mud, water is 210kg.
4th, block：Using collection in worksite to rock slag main blast hole, cushion hole and pre- ceasma are blocked, stemming length is
1m。
5th, networking and detonation：Before cement mortar initial set, the detonator that pre- ceasma is exposed outside is connected into according to design requirement
After blasting network, after confirming that personnel equipment withdraws in network security and fence coverage, detonate whole blasting network.
6th, demolition effect detection：After explosion is completed, the flatness and its crack distribution situation of contoured surface are observed, using sound
Ripple test equipment detects the lesion depths of wall interior rock.
Specific embodiment described herein is only to the spiritual explanation for example of the present invention.Technology neck belonging to of the invention
The technical staff in domain can be made various modifications or supplement to described specific embodiment or be replaced using similar method
Generation, but without departing from spirit of the invention or surmount scope defined in appended claims.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of outlining blasting method suitable for joints development rock mass, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：To outlining blasting
Loading explosive and initiating equipment in hole, reinforcement charge constitution is being used in powder charge section at the aperture for blocking section and at bottom hole；
Then cement mortar is poured into, cement mortar is filled to the joint on outlining blasting hole and its periphery, crack using its deadweight, in water
Ignition charge forms contoured surface before mud initial set.
2. the outlining blasting method suitable for joints development rock mass according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described water
Mud meets following requirement：
(1) Portland cement or silicate dam cement of C32.5 are not less than using label, consumption is less than 200kg/m3；
(2) requirement of cement fineness is to be not more than 5% by the screen over-size of 80 μm of square hole screens, and cement granules are less than Fracture Width
1/3；
(3) ratio of mud control is 0.35:1~5:1, retarder is added in cement mortar makes the presetting period of cement mortar control 1~5
Hour；5% of the volume of additive no more than cement quality.
3. the outlining blasting method suitable for joints development rock mass according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described is fried
Medicine is to bundle explosive supporter and primacord with initiating equipment；In powder charge section, only near the aperture for blocking section
Strengthen powder charge, not powder charge at remaining with being used at bottom hole.
4. the outlining blasting method suitable for joints development rock mass according to claim 1, it is characterised in that including as follows
Step：
(1) after excavating quick-fried area and being drilled with outlining blasting hole, explosive supporter and primacord are bundled, it is quick-fried to profile
Powder charge in holes；Powder charge section is at the aperture for blocking section and at bottom hole using reinforcement powder charge, length and the powder charge section of primacord
Length it is identical, Nonel detonator be located at powder charge section near block section aperture at, and with primacord bundle overlap；
(2) using grouting equipment to the cement mortar for preparing is fed into hole, make cement mortar using its deadweight to outlining blasting hole
And its joint on periphery, crack are filled；And blasthole is blocked with rock slag；
(3) connect each Nonel detonator with detonator and confirm initiation net safety；Before cement mortar initial set, by detonator thunder
Pipe ignition charge；The degree of impairment of profiled orifice is observed, detected after the completion of explosion.
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| CN108844424B (en) * | 2018-06-11 | 2019-11-08 | 武汉大学 | Blasthole blocking up method |
| CN110500925B (en) * | 2019-09-02 | 2021-10-26 | 中铁四局集团有限公司 | Deep hole blasting charging method for penetrating through molten cavity and molten cavity detection device |
| CN111536839B (en) * | 2020-04-23 | 2022-07-26 | 重庆交通大学 | Hydraulic blasting construction method for joint fracture development rock mass tunnel |
| CN114659417B (en) * | 2020-12-23 | 2024-07-19 | 西南科技大学 | Ultrasonic excitation assisted hard rock blasting method |
| CN112880506A (en) * | 2021-01-28 | 2021-06-01 | 中国水利水电第九工程局有限公司 | Construction method for mine bench blasting |
| CN114353610B (en) * | 2021-12-21 | 2023-04-25 | 湖北工业大学 | Structure and construction method for sectional charging in horizontal or gently inclined blind blasthole |
| CN114353609B (en) * | 2021-12-21 | 2023-05-12 | 湖北工业大学 | Structure and method for sectional charging in downward blast hole |
| CN114440721B (en) * | 2022-03-09 | 2023-06-06 | 黄河勘测规划设计研究院有限公司 | Slurry explosion reinforcement method for hard surrounding rock joint development area of tunnel |
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