CN105724012A - Rice field-upland field rotation method for achieving no-tillage double cropping of late rice in spring maize field - Google Patents
Rice field-upland field rotation method for achieving no-tillage double cropping of late rice in spring maize field Download PDFInfo
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- RMOGWMIKYWRTKW-UONOGXRCSA-N (S,S)-paclobutrazol Chemical compound C([C@@H]([C@@H](O)C(C)(C)C)N1N=CN=C1)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 RMOGWMIKYWRTKW-UONOGXRCSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbendazim Chemical compound C1=C[CH]C2=NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
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- TVLSRXXIMLFWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N prochloraz Chemical compound C1=CN=CN1C(=O)N(CCC)CCOC1=C(Cl)C=C(Cl)C=C1Cl TVLSRXXIMLFWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011686 zinc sulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000002582 Oryza sativa Indica Group Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000008467 Oryza sativa Japonica Group Species 0.000 claims description 2
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a rice field-upland field rotation method for achieving no-tillage double cropping of late rice in a spring maize field. The method comprises the steps of early-spring soil tillage and ditching and ditch making, spring maize variety selecting and sowing, spring maize field management, maize harvesting and straw treatment, late rice sowing and seedling raising, late rice seedling bed period management, late rice no-tillage pot seedling transplanting, fertilizer and water management of land for growing field crops and the like. By means of the rice field-upland field rotation method for achieving no-tillage double cropping of the late rice in the spring maize field, successful arranging of double cropping of spring maize and the late rice is achieved, the annual light and temperature resource use ratio is increased, the farming consumption time of crop change of the maize and the late rice is shortened, the mechanical input cost is reduced, the annual grain yield per mu is 1,300 kilograms or above, and the annual benefit per mu is significantly improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the rice field-upland field rotation method of a kind of spring maize no-tillage multiple cropping late rice, belong to proportion of crop planting field.
Technical background
At present, the planting system in rice field, Di Qiu Plain Rice-Planting district, the Yangtze river basin is mainly taken turns with rice wheat with double cropping of rice, Rice-rape rotation
As master.Being affected by factors such as the restricting of social and economic condition, market and climate changes, this district's paddy field cultivation system exists
Constantly change and adjustment.Since 21 century, due to the decline of benefit of planting foods, double cropping of rice productive labor intensity is big, along with
Country labor force transfer, labor and opportunity cost increase, and the phenomenon that double cropping of rice replants the single harvest rice is more and more universal, broadcasts
Plant area to be decreased obviously, light, temperature serious waste of resources, reduce soil production efficiency and significantly reduce.It is subject to the most in recent years
The impact of Global climate change, seasonal drought frequently occurs in south China double rice cropping system, causes the shortest of water resource
Lacking, yield declines, and wherein early rice is affected by climate change maximum, constrains the development of double cropping of rice further.Rice oil is planted
Pattern, owing to yield of rape is the highest, plants with to gather in the crops recruitment many, and Semen Allii Tuberosi purchasing price reduces, and planting benefit is low, plantation
Scope is also being gradually reduced.Under the new period, paddy field cultivation system constantly faces new problem and challenge, is badly in need of new planting die
Formula and supporting technology thereof, promote the Reasonable adjustment of this district's planting system.
The middle and lower reach of Yangtze River is the aquaculture base that China is important, and Semen Maydis is main feed-use grain.The Semen Maydis of this district consumption is long
Rely primarily on producing region, the north since phase to call in.Along with the sustainable development of this district's aquaculture, Semen Maydis demand continues to increase, often
Year Semen Maydis breach nearly 50%, therefore carries out this district's Maize Production, is the important way realizing local area aquaculture sustainable development
Footpath.
Semen Maydis-Oryza sativa L. anniversary multiple cropping is a kind of rice field-upland field rotation cropping pattern realizing Rice And Maize cooperating manufacture.With rice wheat it is
System is compared with rice rice system, and rice jade systematic research relatively lags behind, about rice jade systematic research report seldom.Zhao Qiangji
Show that " Semen Maydis-rice " pattern is increased production on 10% than local main body planting system (wheat one rice yielding two crops a year) Deng (1997) research,
In temperature and soil suitability, sunlight-heat reaources utilization ratio, energy conversion efficiency, coordination of farming and animal husbandry efficiency and crop rotation effect all
There is preferably performance.The middle and lower reach of Yangtze River possesses the Climatic Resource Superiorities such as abundant light, temperature, water, and light radiation is sufficient, year 10
Accumulated temperature more than DEG C is more than 4500 DEG C, and rainfall is more than 800mm, it is possible to achieve jade/rice connects a batch multiple cropping, but remains a need for joining
The reasonable disposition of set technology regulation heat resources, it is achieved the ripe results of safety of Semen Maydis and Oryza sativa L..The tool of rice jade cropping pattern
There is high yield potential, it is necessary to have the supporting technical system of innovation to play its yield potential, still need to the lightest its technology ring of simplification
Joint, to improve planting benefit.
Based on problem present in current production, the present invention provides the floods and droughts of a kind of novel spring maize no-tillage multiple cropping late rice to take turns
Make method, be characterized in achieving spring maize-late rice two season crop successfully configure, improve Zhou Nianguang temperature resource utilization,
Shorten Semen Maydis, late rice agriculture time-consuming when connecing batch, improve Semen Maydis, late rice connects a batch link Mechanization Level, achieve
More than 1300 kilograms of anniversary per mu yield grain, anniversary mu remarkable benefit improve.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of energy rationally, efficiently to utilize local light temperature resource, improve anniversary planting benefit
The rice field-upland field rotation method of spring maize is no-tillage multiple cropping late rice.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
The rice field-upland field rotation method of spring maize is no-tillage multiple cropping late rice mainly includes the front supporting planting measure of last month of spring Semen Maydis, late rice pot seedling
Cultivate, corn straw processes and 4 sport technique segments such as late rice potted-seedling transplanting, late rice field period supporting management measure, specifically
Step is as follows:
(1) soil cultivation and trench digging make railway carriage or compartment: early March, by field rotary tillage 15～18cm, reaches soil in small, broken bits, loose,
Then with 90～100cm for railway carriage or compartment width, open railway carriage or compartment ditch, and hold successfully enclose ditch, Yao Gou is beneficial to draining fall stain；
(2) corn variety selects with live: spring maize is selected resistance to stain in seedling stage, spent rear high temperature resistant, disease-resistant Early-mid ripening product
Kind, to sow after seed pelleting, the optimal sowing time is that daily mean temperature is stable at 8～10 DEG C, generally March 15
～22 days, March 25, after planting overlay film can not be later than the latest；
(3) Semen Maydis field management: after emergence of corn, timely rupture of membranes puts Seedling, Seedling during 2 leaves, double seedlings is stayed in every cave, 4 leaf phases
Final singling, every cave stays a strain, carries out the fertilising of front season Semen Maydis, carries out disease, worm, prevention and control of weeds, and prevention waterlogging drought relief work；
(4) harvest corn and straw process: spring maize disappears at seed milk-line, gather in the crops when black layer occurs, but can not
Being later than July 25, after spring maize fruit ear results, improving straw mulching goes back field in the ditch of railway carriage or compartment；
(5) late rice sowing seedling: selecting disease-resistant, high yield and high quality, mid-early maturity Varieties In Late Rice, the concrete seedling time regards front
Depending on the period of duration cross events length that succession crop safety is ripe, the general late rice sowing time earlier than June 20,
Selecting the row of filling easily idly as seedling seedbed, seedbed surrounding holds gutter successfully, facilitates irrigation and drainage, selects the fertilizer sieved
The strong seedling agent of soil addition, as seedling raising ground substance, selects potted-seedling transplanting special seedling dish, needs presoaking and germinating of sterilizing, so before planting seed
Rear employing dry-raised nurse coating, every hole sow 3～6, indica hybrid rice 3, japonica hybrid rice 4, conventional Rice 5～
6；
(6) late rice seedbed period management: late rice after planting, notices that the seedbed phase carries out reasonable water and fertilizer management, cultivates strong seedling,
The late rice length of time rice seedlings grow typically requires 35～40d, it is achieved big strong sprout at the length of time rice seedlings grow transplants；
(7) no-tillage transplanting late rice: late July, after harvest corn, retains original railway carriage or compartment ditch, suitable according to variety type
Planting Densities manually opens shallow ridges no-tillage planting late rice pot seedling, and Seedling alive of pouring water in time；
(8) late rice land for growing field crops fertilizer, water management: purity nitrogen 1.7～1.8kg calculating, no-tillage field need to be executed by often producing 100kg Oryza glutinosa
Nitrogenous fertilizer is by base manure: promote fertilizers for potted flowers: protect fertilizers for potted flowers=5: in three times use at 3: 2；N, P, K sum-rate presses N: P2O5∶
K2Join execute at O=1: 0.5: 0.8, and base manure made by phosphate fertilizer 100%, and potash fertilizer is by base manure: promotees fertilizers for potted flowers=1: 1 uses；Moisture pipe
Reason, by when keeping face, railway carriage or compartment 1-2cm water layer, colony's stem tiller number to reach expection spike number 80% after transplanting, starts draining dry field,
Jointing to the period of maturation uses alternation of wetting and drying mode to manage, and results are cut off the water supply the last week；
(9) other field management: Oryza sativa L. is carried out disease, worm, grass preventing and treating；
(10) rice harves.
Wherein, the sowing line-spacing in step (2) is 40cm+80cm wide-and narrow-row, depth of planting 2～3cm, every bunch planting 2-3
Grain, thickness of sowing is 4000～4500 plants/acre.
Wherein, the fertilising described in step (3) is: when preplanting treatment broadcast by spring maize, every mu applies 6000～8000kg corruption
Ripe farm manure, all executes pure N 14～16kg, P the time of infertility2O58～10kg, K2O 10～12kg, ZnSO41kg, wherein
Nitrogenous fertilizer is by base manure: stalk is fertile: ear manuer: granulated fertilizer=4: in four times use at 2: 3: 1, whole phosphate fertilizer and zinc fertilizer make base manure, potassium
Fertile by base manure: stalk fertilizer=1: 1 is used；If the chemical fertilizer selection special slowly/controlled releasing fertilizer of Semen Maydis, applied once when ploughing,
As slowly/controlled releasing fertilizer nutrients ratio does not reaches fertilising requirement, with pure N as standard, supply P with calcium superphosphate and potassium chloride2O5
And K2O。
Wherein, the also field in the ditch of railway carriage or compartment of the improving straw mulching described in step (4) is: after corn ear results, by corn stalk
Stalk is cuted down from root, and whole stalk is positioned in the ditch of railway carriage or compartment；Or pulverize with stalk crasher, then Semen Maydis stubble is positioned over railway carriage or compartment ditch
In, utilize the water soaking in rice season railway carriage or compartment ditch to make it rot, after gathering in the crops to late rice, before the winter, turn over also field.
Wherein, the sterilization presoaking and germinating described in step (5) is: be dipped in the Prochloraz 2000 of 25% after being cleaned by seed rice
Times diluent is pulled out for 12 hours, after clean with clear water, last heat and moisture preserving accelerating germination, can sow after broken breast, seed soaking
Time be used as the nylon net bag breathed freely or knitting bagged kind takes the mode day and night filtered, i.e. seed soaking on daytime, pick up night,
Until sowing after reaching neatly to break badge standard.
Wherein, dry-raised nurse described in step (5) be total active constituent content be 0.78%, wherein carbendazim content is
0.75%, paclobutrazol content is a kind of seed coat agent of 0.03%.
Wherein, the reasonable water and fertilizer management described in step (6) is: before neat Seedling moisturizing emerge, before Qi Miao to the 1.5 leaf phase not
Watering, promote root in order to control leaf, accomplish three from the 2nd leaf dew point to transplanting water management in first 1 week, whether soil face is sent out at a glance
In vain, two see sooner or later blade tip whether guttation, and three see noon, whether lobus cardiacus crimped, and as bed soil turns white, lobus cardiacus blade tip is not told sooner or later
Water or lobus cardiacus curling at noon, then when the morning 8 about water, and moisture of accomplishing once to irrigate or irrigate through furrow is to face, railway carriage or compartment, transplants
The last week drains water, helps underground part to become bowl shape, improve seedling quality and the favourable machine transplanting of rice, rice shoot 1 leaf 1 heart stage, executes " disconnected
Milk is fertile ", 2 leaf 1 heart stages, sprayed 250～300mg/L paclobutrazols, within 1-2 days, gently executed " fertilizer of standing up " and " medicine of standing up " before transplanting.
Wherein, the Planting Densities described in step (7) is, according to be hybridization or conventional Indica Rice Cultivars, Planting Densities
Being 18000～22000 caves/mu, transplanting line-spacing is 25～30cm, and cave is away from for 10～12cm；According to japonica rice variety, plant
Slotting density is 20000～25000 caves/mu, and transplanting line-spacing is 25～30cm, and cave is away from for 9～11cm.
Wherein, described in step (7), manually open shallow ridges no-tillage planting late rice pot seedling, after referring to harvest corn, set by Oryza sativa L.
Fixed line-spacing, opens the shallow ridges of 3～4cm, then pot seedling is pressed the cave set away from planting in ditch with hoe or small-sized plough,
After light earthing, Seedling alive of pouring water.
Compared with existing plantation, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
(1) the invention provides a kind of Integration ofTechnology pattern of Semen Maydis-late rice multiple cropping, can be the reasonable of paddy field cultivation system
Adjust and technical support is provided, provide a kind of feasible cropping pattern for Semen Maydis, Oryza sativa L. cooperative development.
(2) after the present invention uses harvest corn, no-tillage drought transplants pot seedling late rice, saves whole field, soaked field time, Semen Maydis,
Consume the phase almost without agriculture when late rice connects batch, save time, saving of labor, be relatively more suitable for the season of growth more nervous some regions, also
Be suitable for using the Semen Maydis slightly grown of period of duration to arrange in pairs or groups with Varieties In Late Rice, play anniversary yield potentiality further, improve two season crop
Safety ripe results probability.
(3) present invention uses railway carriage or compartment ditch pattern, and ditch ditch communicates, and drought can fill, and flood can be arranged.Front season, Semen Maydis was susceptible to stain, after
Phase is prone to rice field water management, promotes late rice growth, improves yield.
(4) present invention uses alms bowl plate seedling raising, and seedling age elasticity is big, uses potted-seedling transplanting to connect stubble, prolongs than conventional potted-seedling transplanting
At the long 5-10 days length of time rice seedlings grow, substantially without planting wound after transplanting, the root and stem of certain plants of living is fast, and the Oryza sativa L. percentage of earbearing tiller is high, promotes late rice high yield and high quality.
(5) present invention is soaked in using and corn straw being positioned over railway carriage or compartment ditch rots, and turns over also field, both do not had after late rice results
Late rice is impacted, solves maize straw problem simultaneously, advantageously reduce the environment brought because of crop straw burning dirty
Dye, beneficially fertilizing soil and production sustainable.
Detailed description of the invention
Further illustrate the present invention below by way of specific embodiment, if not specializing, in embodiment use technology hands
The conventional means that section is well known to those skilled in the art, the raw material of use is commercial goods.
Embodiment 1
The enforcement time: city flower bridge town, Wuxue City of 2013-2015 years Hubei Province；
(1) railway carriage or compartment is made in soil cultivation in early spring with trench digging: early March is combined field basal dressing and selects rotary cultivator by field rotary tillage
15～18cm.Select turnplow formula plough, with 100cm for railway carriage or compartment width, open railway carriage or compartment ditch, railway carriage or compartment furrow width 20cm, railway carriage or compartment ditch depth 20cm,
Hold successfully and enclose ditch, Yao Gou, be beneficial to draining fall stain.
(2) spring maize variety adoption and sowing: Early-mid ripening kind Zheng Dan 958 that locality is promoted selected by spring maize, uses essence
Amount planting with sowing machine, during March 15～22 days, is sowed by 40cm+80cm wide-and narrow-row, depth of planting 2～3cm,
Every bunch planting 2-3 grain, after planting overlay film, last plantation density is 4000 plants/acre.
(3) spring maize field management: after emergence of corn, timely rupture of membranes puts Seedling, timely thinning.Preplanting treatment broadcast by spring maize
Time every mu apply 6000～8000kg well-rotted farmyard manures, all execute pure N 14～16kg, P the time of infertility2O58～10kg, K2O
10～12kg, ZnSO41kg, wherein nitrogenous fertilizer is by base manure: stalk is fertile: ear manuer: granulated fertilizer=4: in four times use at 2: 3: 1,
All base manure made by phosphate fertilizer and zinc fertilizer, and potash fertilizer is by base manure: stalk fertilizer=1: 1 is used；If chemical fertilizer select Semen Maydis special slow/
Release and release control fertilizer, applied once when ploughing, as slowly/controlled releasing fertilizer nutrients ratio does not reaches fertilising requirement, with pure N as standard,
P is supplied with calcium superphosphate and potassium chloride2O5And K2O.Note during corn growth dredging waist ditch in time, enclosing ditch, draining
Prevention against water-logging, the chance dry season in July pustulation period, it is noted that pour water and take precautions against drought, promotes Increase of Grain Weight, conventional in the local Maize Production of employing
Measure carry out the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control.
(4) harvest corn and straw process: the most artificial results after spring maize reaches physiological maturity between July 20-25.
After fruit ear results, being cuted down from root by corn straw or machinery cuts off, the most whole stalk is put in the ditch of railway carriage or compartment, utilizes rice season railway carriage or compartment ditch
In water soaking rot, after gathering in the crops to late rice, before the winter, turned over also field.
(5) late rice sowing seedling: late rice selects kind Yue You 9113 that locality is promoted, and June 20～25 days are sowed,
Selecting the row of filling easily idly as seedling seedbed, seedbed surrounding holds gutter successfully, facilitates irrigation and drainage, selects the fertilizer sieved
The strong seedling agent of soil addition, as seedling raising ground substance, selects potted-seedling transplanting special seedling dish, presoaking and germinating of sterilizing before planting seed, then
Using dry-raised nurse coating, every hole sows 3～4.
Described potted-seedling transplanting special seedling dish be specification be the 448 hole seedling dishes of 62cm*32cm*2.5cm.
Described sterilization presoaking and germinating refers to: be dipped in 2000 times of diluents of Prochloraz of 25% after being cleaned by seed rice 12 hours
Pull out, after clean with clear water, last heat and moisture preserving accelerating germination, can sow after broken breast, during seed soaking, be used as the Buddhist nun breathed freely
Dragon mesh bag or knitting bagged kind take the mode day and night filtered, i.e. seed soaking on daytime, pick up night, until it reaches neatly break badge
Sow after standard.
Described dry-raised nurse be total active constituent content be 0.78%, wherein carbendazim content is 0.75%, paclobutrazol content
It it is a kind of seed coat agent of 0.03%.
(6) late rice seedbed period management: before neat Seedling, moisturizing is emerged, Qi Miao to 1.5 did not watered before the leaf phase, promotees in order to control leaf
Root, transplants water management in first 1 week from the 2nd leaf dew point and accomplishes three, and whether soil face turns white at a glance, and two see that blade tip is sooner or later
No guttation, three see noon, whether lobus cardiacus crimped, as bed soil turns white, lobus cardiacus blade tip not guttation or lobus cardiacus curling at noon sooner or later,
Water about then when the morning 8, and moisture of accomplishing once to irrigate or irrigate through furrow is to face, railway carriage or compartment, transplant and drain water the last week, help ground
Bottom becomes bowl shape, improves seedling quality and the favourable machine transplanting of rice, rice shoot 1 leaf 1 heart stage, executes " wean fertilizer ", 2 leaf 1 heart stages
Spray 250～300mg/L paclobutrazols, before transplanting, within 1-2 days, gently execute " fertilizer of standing up " and " medicine of standing up ".
(7) late rice is transplanted and land for growing field crops is fertile, water management: between-25 days on the 20th July, after harvest corn, retain original railway carriage or compartment
Ditch, according to the Planting Densities that variety type is suitable manually open shallow ridges no-tillage planting late rice pot seedling (after referring to harvest corn,
The line-spacing set by Oryza sativa L., opens the shallow ridges of 3～4cm, then pot seedling is pressed the cave set away from pendulum with hoe or small-sized plough
Plant in ditch, after light earthing, Seedling alive of pouring water), and Seedling alive of pouring water in time, Planting Densities is about 18000 caves/mu, moves
Cultivation line-spacing is 30cm, and cave is away from for 12cm.
(8) late rice land for growing field crops fertilizer, water management: purity nitrogen 1.7～1.8kg calculating, no-tillage field need to be executed by often producing 100kg Oryza glutinosa
Nitrogenous fertilizer is by base manure: promote fertilizers for potted flowers: protect fertilizers for potted flowers=5: in three times use at 3: 2；N, P, K sum-rate presses N: P2O5∶
K2Join execute at O=1: 0.5: 0.8, and base manure made by phosphate fertilizer 100%, and potash fertilizer is by base manure: promotees fertilizers for potted flowers=1: 1 uses；Moisture pipe
Reason, by when keeping face, railway carriage or compartment 1-2cm water layer, colony's stem tiller number to reach expection spike number 80% after transplanting, starts draining dry field,
Jointing to the period of maturation uses alternation of wetting and drying mode to manage, and results are cut off the water supply the last week.
(9) other field management: Oryza sativa L. is carried out disease, worm, grass preventing and treating.
(10) rice harves.
Crop rotation late rice potted-seedling transplanting technology examination that 2013-2015 carries out in Hua Qiao town, Hubei Wuxue City that spring maize-late rice floods and droughts is no-tillage
Test demonstration.2013 to 2015, spring maize-late rice multiple cropping week annual production respectively reached 1230 kgs/acre, 1237 public affairs
Pound/acre, 1370 kgs/acre, wherein late rice yield does not has notable difference with local double cropping of rice pattern late rice yield.With locality
Double cropping of rice pattern is compared, and spring maize late rice anniversary output increased 18.3%, efficiency of water application improve 37.2%, every mu
Net earnings adds 305 yuan～478 yuan.
Embodiment 2
The enforcement time: new district, the Zhanghe River, Jingmen in 2015.
(1) railway carriage or compartment is made in soil cultivation in early spring with trench digging: early March is combined field basal dressing and selects rotary cultivator by field rotary tillage
15～18cm.Select turnplow formula plough, with 180cm for railway carriage or compartment width, open railway carriage or compartment ditch, railway carriage or compartment furrow width 20cm, railway carriage or compartment ditch depth 20cm,
Hold successfully and enclose ditch, Yao Gou, be beneficial to draining fall stain.
(2) spring maize variety adoption and sowing: Early-mid ripening kind Zheng Dan 958 that locality is promoted selected by spring maize, uses essence
Amount planting with sowing machine.Pressed the sowing of 50cm+70cm wide-and narrow-row, after planting overlay film on March 27.Last plantation density is 4000
Plant/acre.
(3) spring maize field management: with embodiment 1.
(4) harvest corn processes with straw: July 25 the most manually gathered in the crops after spring maize maturation.Corn straw processes
Method is with embodiment 1.In combination with basal dressing.
(5) Varieties In Late Rice is selected and seedling: the late rice variety two excellent 953 of selection.Sowing seedling on June 20.Seedling
Bed management is with embodiment 1.
(6) late rice transplant: after harvest corn, July 27 no-tillage transplanting late rice.Late rice method for transplanting is with embodiment 1.
Late rice Planting Densities is about 18000 caves/mu, and transplanting line-spacing is 30cm, and cave is away from for 11cm.
(7) late rice field management: with embodiment 1.
Within 2015, the experiment and demonstration in Jingmen City, Hubei Province shows, utilizes the method for pot seedling nursery can carry out late rice big length of time rice seedlings grow alms bowl
Transplantation of seedlings, can extend the 5-10 days Oryza sativa L. length of time rice seedlings grow than conventional potted-seedling transplanting, can match with spring maize-late rice Multiple Cropping Patterns,
Under the Planting Densities properly increasing late rice, it is ensured that the growth of late rice and yield.Within 2015, late rice yield is 700 kilograms
/ mu, jade-rice multiple cropping week annual production is 1360 kgs/acre.Turn over spring maize-late rice pattern late rice product compared with rice transplantation by hand
Amount does not has difference, alleviates labor intensity simultaneously, has saved mechanical whole ground cost, every mu cost-effective about 60 yuan.
Claims (9)
1. the rice field-upland field rotation method of a spring maize no-tillage multiple cropping late rice, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
(1) soil cultivation and trench digging make railway carriage or compartment: early March, by field rotary tillage 15～18cm, reaches soil in small, broken bits, loose,
Then with 90～100cm for railway carriage or compartment width, open railway carriage or compartment ditch, and hold successfully enclose ditch, Yao Gou is beneficial to draining fall stain；
(2) corn variety selects with live: spring maize is selected resistance to stain in seedling stage, spent rear high temperature resistant, disease-resistant Early-mid ripening product
Kind, to sow after seed pelleting, the optimal sowing time is that daily mean temperature is stable at 8～10 DEG C, generally March 15
～22 days, March 25, after planting overlay film can not be later than the latest；
(3) Semen Maydis field management: after emergence of corn, timely rupture of membranes puts Seedling, Seedling during 2 leaves, double seedlings is stayed in every cave, 4 leaf phases
Final singling, every cave stays a strain, carries out the fertilising of front season Semen Maydis, carries out disease, worm, prevention and control of weeds, and prevention waterlogging drought relief work；
(4) harvest corn and straw process: spring maize disappears at seed milk-line, gather in the crops when black layer occurs, but can not
Being later than July 25, after spring maize fruit ear results, improving straw mulching goes back field in the ditch of railway carriage or compartment；
(5) late rice sowing seedling: selecting disease-resistant, high yield and high quality, mid-early maturity Varieties In Late Rice, the concrete seedling time regards front
Depending on the period of duration cross events length that succession crop safety is ripe, the general late rice sowing time earlier than June 20,
Selecting the row of filling easily idly as seedling seedbed, seedbed surrounding holds gutter successfully, facilitates irrigation and drainage, selects the fertilizer sieved
The strong seedling agent of soil addition, as seedling raising ground substance, selects potted-seedling transplanting special seedling dish, needs presoaking and germinating of sterilizing, so before planting seed
Rear employing dry-raised nurse coating, every hole sow 3～6, indica hybrid rice 3, japonica hybrid rice 4, conventional Rice 5～
6；
(6) late rice seedbed period management: late rice after planting, notices that the seedbed phase carries out reasonable water and fertilizer management, cultivates strong seedling,
The late rice length of time rice seedlings grow typically requires 35～40d, it is achieved big strong sprout at the length of time rice seedlings grow transplants；
(7) no-tillage transplanting late rice: late July, after harvest corn, retains original railway carriage or compartment ditch, suitable according to variety type
Planting Densities manually opens shallow ridges no-tillage planting late rice pot seedling, and Seedling alive of pouring water in time；
(8) late rice land for growing field crops fertilizer, water management: purity nitrogen 1.7～1.8kg calculating, no-tillage field need to be executed by often producing 100kg Oryza glutinosa
Nitrogenous fertilizer is by base manure: promote fertilizers for potted flowers: protect fertilizers for potted flowers=5: in three times use at 3: 2；N, P, K sum-rate presses N: P2O5∶
K2Join execute at O=1: 0.5: 0.8, and base manure made by phosphate fertilizer 100%, and potash fertilizer is by base manure: promotees fertilizers for potted flowers=1: 1 uses；Moisture pipe
Reason, by when keeping face, railway carriage or compartment 1-2cm water layer, colony's stem tiller number to reach expection spike number 80% after transplanting, starts draining dry field,
Jointing to the period of maturation uses alternation of wetting and drying mode to manage, and results are cut off the water supply the last week；
(9) other field management: Oryza sativa L. is carried out disease, worm, grass preventing and treating；
(10) rice harves.
2. the rice field-upland field rotation method of spring maize no-tillage multiple cropping late rice as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that: step (2)
In sowing line-spacing be 40cm+80cm wide-and narrow-row, depth of planting 2～3cm, every bunch planting 2-3 grain, thickness of sowing is
4000～4500 plants/acre.
3. the rice field-upland field rotation method of spring maize no-tillage multiple cropping late rice as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that step (3)
Described in fertilising be: when preplanting treatment broadcast by spring maize, every mu applies 6000～8000kg well-rotted farmyard manures, and the time of infertility is equal
Execute pure N 14～16kg, P2O58～10kg, K2O 10～12kg, ZnSO41kg, wherein base manure pressed by nitrogenous fertilizer: stalk is fertile: fringe
Fertile: granulated fertilizer=4: in four times use at 2: 3: 1, base manure made by whole phosphate fertilizer and zinc fertilizer, and base manure press by potash fertilizer: stalk fertilizer=1: 1
Use；If the special slowly/controlled releasing fertilizer of Semen Maydis selected by chemical fertilizer, applied once when ploughing, such as slowly/controlled releasing fertilizer nutrient ratio
Example does not reaches fertilising requirement, with pure N as standard, supplies P with calcium superphosphate and potassium chloride2O5And K2O。
4. the rice field-upland field rotation method of spring maize no-tillage multiple cropping late rice as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that step (4)
Described in improving straw mulching also field in the ditch of railway carriage or compartment be: after corn ear results, being cuted down from root by corn straw, whole stalk is put
It is placed in the ditch of railway carriage or compartment；Or pulverize with stalk crasher, then Semen Maydis stubble is positioned in the ditch of railway carriage or compartment, utilizes in rice season railway carriage or compartment ditch
Water soaking makes it rot, and after gathering in the crops to late rice, turns over also field before the winter.
5. the rice field-upland field rotation method of spring maize no-tillage multiple cropping late rice as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that step (5)
Described in sterilization presoaking and germinating be: be dipped in 2000 times of diluents of Prochloraz of 25% and drag for for 12 hours after seed rice is cleaned
Go out, after clean with clear water, last heat and moisture preserving accelerating germination, can sow after broken breast, during seed soaking, be used as the nylon breathed freely
Mesh bag or knitting bagged kind take the mode day and night filtered, i.e. seed soaking on daytime, pick up night, until it reaches neat broken badge is accurate
Rear sowing.
6. the rice field-upland field rotation method of spring maize no-tillage multiple cropping late rice as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that step (5)
Described in dry-raised nurse be total active constituent content be 0.78%, wherein carbendazim content is 0.75%, and paclobutrazol content is
A kind of seed coat agent of 0.03%.
7. the rice field-upland field rotation method of spring maize no-tillage multiple cropping late rice as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that step (6)
Described in reasonable water and fertilizer management be: before neat Seedling, moisturizing is emerged, Qi Miao to 1.5 did not watered before the leaf phase, promotees root in order to control leaf,
Accomplishing three from the 2nd leaf dew point to transplanting water management in first 1 week, whether soil face turns white at a glance, and whether two see morning and evening blade tip
Guttation, three see noon, whether lobus cardiacus crimped, as bed soil turns white, lobus cardiacus blade tip not guttation or lobus cardiacus curling at noon sooner or later, then
Water about when the morning 8, and moisture of accomplishing once to irrigate or irrigate through furrow is to face, railway carriage or compartment, transplant and drain water the last week, help underground
Portion becomes bowl shape, improves seedling quality and the favourable machine transplanting of rice, rice shoot 1 leaf 1 heart stage, executes " wean fertilizer ", the spray of 2 leaf 1 heart stages
Execute 250～300mg/L paclobutrazols, before transplanting, within 1-2 days, gently execute " fertilizer of standing up " and " medicine of standing up ".
8. the rice field-upland field rotation method of spring maize no-tillage multiple cropping late rice as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that step (7)
Described Planting Densities is, according to be hybridization or conventional Indica Rice Cultivars, Planting Densities is 18000～22000 caves/mu,
Transplanting line-spacing is 25～30cm, and cave is away from for 10～12cm；According to japonica rice variety, Planting Densities is 20000～25000 caves
/ mu, transplanting line-spacing is 25～30cm, and cave is away from for 9～11cm.
9. the rice field-upland field rotation method of spring maize no-tillage multiple cropping late rice as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that step (7)
Described manually opens shallow ridges no-tillage planting late rice pot seedling, and after referring to harvest corn, the line-spacing set by Oryza sativa L., with hoe or little
The shallow ridges of 3～4cm opened by type plough, then pot seedling is pressed the cave set away from planting in ditch, after light earthing, and Seedling alive of pouring water.
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