CN105707016A - Method for artemia culture in high salinity environment - Google Patents
Method for artemia culture in high salinity environment Download PDFInfo
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- CN105707016A CN105707016A CN201610128346.9A CN201610128346A CN105707016A CN 105707016 A CN105707016 A CN 105707016A CN 201610128346 A CN201610128346 A CN 201610128346A CN 105707016 A CN105707016 A CN 105707016A
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- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 208000031513 cyst Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910000388 diammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000019838 diammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000003442 weekly effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000012136 culture method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000013877 carbamide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000005696 Diammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 5
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002054 inoculum Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013379 molasses Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000003183 Manihot esculenta Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000016735 Manihot esculenta subsp esculenta Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000012447 hatching Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009288 screen filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000000582 semen Anatomy 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000238582 Artemia Species 0.000 claims 6
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid Substances OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- -1 phosphoric acid Hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 6
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 6
- 238000005189 flocculation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000016615 flocculation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 102000002322 Egg Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 108010000912 Egg Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 210000004681 ovum Anatomy 0.000 description 4
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- 241000238426 Anostraca Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000238421 Arthropoda Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000238423 Branchiopoda Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 2
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- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 2
- WHBMMWSBFZVSSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxybutyric acid Chemical compound CC(O)CC(O)=O WHBMMWSBFZVSSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000143060 Americamysis bahia Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000206761 Bacillariophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000031872 Body Remains Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000091751 Chaetoceros muellerii Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000195628 Chlorophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000238424 Crustacea Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000238557 Decapoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000195633 Dunaliella salina Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000206731 Phaeodactylum Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920000388 Polyphosphate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000589651 Zoogloea Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003851 biochemical process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000001161 mammalian embryo Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001205 polyphosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011176 polyphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002423 protozoacide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for artemia culture in a high salinity environment. The method comprises the following steps: (1) injecting brine having the salinity of 80-100g/L to a culture pond, wherein pH of the brine is 7.8 to 8.2, and the depth of a water body is 50 to 100 cm; (2) putting organic manure, urea and diammonium hydrogen phosphate to the culture pond periodically, and inoculating artemia nauplii to the pond with an inoculating density of 100 to 120 in each liter of water body when the density of unicellular algae in the water of the pond reaches 500,000 to 1,000,000 per milliliter; (3) after artemia inoculation, detecting the total nitrogen level in the water body weekly, and adding a carbon source according to a proportion of (C/N) being 10: 1; continuously collecting artemia cysts appearing in the water body in a culture process. Due to the adoption of the technical solution, the wet weight in the yield of artemia cysts in per hectare of culture area after the artemia is inoculated for 6 weeks is over 10kg, and no culture water needs to be changed in the entire culture process, therefore water sources are saved, the energy consumption is decreased and the environment pollution is reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to artemia culture field, particularly relate to a kind of artemia culture method under hypersaline environment.
Background technology
Artemia (Artemia) belongs to Arthropoda (Phylum Arthropoda), Crustachia (Class
Crustacea), Branchiopoda (Subclass Branchiopoda), Anostraca (Order Anostraca),
Artemia section (Family Artemidae), is distributed widely in inland brine lake and day salt field evaporation tank, is
Primary biological population in high salt waters, has oviparity and two kinds of puerperal of ovoviviparity for mode.Artemia be in,
Key consumer in high salinity ecosystem of salt pan and Ecological regulation person, be again splendid fresh and alive of aquatic product sprout
Bait.Along with the fast development of aquatic fry growing industry, the demand of artemia cysts rises year by year, preresearch estimates 2010
Year, global artemia cysts product demand amount reached 3000 tons.
Biological flocculation is by with zoogloea, filamentous bacteria as core, attached microbial extracellular products extracellular polymer
Body and Bao Nei product poly-beta-hydroxy-butyrate, polyphosphate, polysaccharide etc. and the cation of bivalence,
The mixing mutually such as the heterotrophic bacteria of agglomeration, digestion bacterium, denitrifying bacteria, algae, fungus, protozoacide is through complexity
Biochemical processes and the aggregate that formed, be mainly composed of heterotrophic bacteria.Biological flocculation technology is to combine
The novel aquiculture technology of water treatment and the supply of bait albumen.It is by expenditure in cultivating system
The bait of outer carbon source or directly input high carbon content comes carbon and the ratio of nitrogen in regulation system, in accelerating system
Microorganism absorbs and converts cultivated animals Excreta and residual bait, reduces breeding water body ammonia-nitrogen content, and by its turn
Chemical conversion microprotein is ingested for cultivated animals secondary, makes bait be recycled, thus realizes limited
Intensive cultivation under the conditions of land resource, it is to avoid frequent exchange breeding water, saving water resource, reduction energy
Consumption, can effectively prevent the propagation of epidemic disease simultaneously.
Artemia is as non-selective filter feeder, mainly (general for food with filter food Micro Algae and organic debris
Granule is less than 50 μm), food ration is big.But under high salt conditions, algal grown is restricted, and artemia is frequent
It is in food deprivation state.People's chicken manure of generally splashing in the pond of salt pan stimulates algal grown, but owing to being subject to
Salinity limits, and classification of salt field water bodies exchange is difficulty with, and easily damages water quality.Should by biological flocculation technology
For salt pan ecological regulation and control and artemia artificial cultivation, make full use of the feature of artemia non-selective filter food, pass through
Appropriate fertilising, interpolation carbon source and regulation carbon-nitrogen ratio (C/N), not only facilitation is played in the growth to microalgae,
And stimulate the breeding of heterotrophic bacteria, make microorganism directly utilize inorganic nitrogen-sourced, thus reach purifying water body and
The purpose of good bait albumen is provided for artemia, achieves many things at one stroke.
But, the application technology about biological flocculation is essentially confined to fresh water, brackish water and ordinary sea water at present
System, in terms of Technology of Artemia Culture, has also been not set up for utilizing biological flocculation to carry out under hypersaline environment
The mature technology of artemia high-density breeding.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of artemia culture method based on biological flocculation technology, height can be realized
The high-density breeding of artemia under body of salt environment.
Technical scheme is achieved by the steps of:
1) injecting salinity in culturing pool is the salt of 80-100g/L, and salt pH is 7.8-8.2, and water body is deep
Degree is 50-100cm;
2) periodically throwing in organic manure, carbamide and diammonium phosphate in culturing pool, that treats in water is slender
When born of the same parents' algae density reaches every milliliter of 50-100 ten thousand, inoculating artemia nauplii in pond, inoculum density is:
Every liter of water body 100-120 is only;
3) after artemia inoculation, the total nitrogen level in detection water body weekly, and be 10 according to carbon-nitrogen ratio (C/N):
The ratio of 1 adds carbon source;Breeding process is constantly collected the artemia cysts occurred in water body.
In above-mentioned steps 3) in, for the preferred tapioca starch of carbon source, molasses or the Semen Maydis powder that add to culturing pool.
It addition, for the sexual maturity degree accurately grasping artemia in breeding process, can periodically growth to artemia
Situation carries out microexamination.For being continually changing of water salinity in breeding process, can be by supplementing not at any time
Salt stablizing with maintenance breeding water body salinity with salinity.
It is preferred that step 1) in the salt that injects in culturing pool can be through 1mm and 200 μm screen cloth mistakes
Salt after filter process.Wherein, 1mm screen cloth can effectively filter fish, shrimp and macrozooplankton;200μm
Screen cloth is possible to prevent the entrance of artemia larvae and microzooplankton.
Preferably, above-mentioned steps 2) in the preferred chicken manure of organic manure or pig manure.Organic manure, carbamide and
Diammonium phosphate addition manner in culturing pool is: per hectare cultured area throws in weekly organic manure
200-300kg, carbamide 100-120kg, diammonium phosphate 30-40kg, bag with fertilizer can be positioned over culturing pool
Pool side position, is beneficial to fertilizer and is slowly applied in water.
Preferably, above-mentioned steps 2) in for culturing pool inoculation artemia nauplii by standard conditions under incubate
Changing and obtain, incubation condition is as follows: water salinity 35g/L, artemia cysts density 2g/L, intensity of illumination 1000lux,
Temperature 25-28 DEG C, brooding time 24h.
Carrying out above-mentioned steps 1) before, the cleaning that can first carry out culturing pool processes step, to kill fish, fish
The biologies such as ovum, provide more preferably growing environment for artemia.Preferably, the cleaning process step of culturing pool is:
Being dried after being drained by original water and tan by the sun, the time of process was at least one week.
By technical solution of the present invention, can realize the high-density breeding of artemia under high salt water body environment, artemia connects
After kinds 6 weeks, the harvesting of artemia cysts (weight in wet base) of per hectare cultured area is up to more than 10kg, and whole cultivates
Without changing breeding water in journey, it is effectively saved water resource, reduces energy consumption, decrease environment dirty simultaneously
Dye.
Detailed description of the invention
Below by way of specific embodiment, technical solution of the present invention and effect are described further.Implement cultivation
Place is positioned at Cheng Kou saltern, Shandong, and culturing pool area is 1 hectare, and culturing time is 7-8 month, specifically cultivates
Step is as follows:
1) carry out culturing pool cleaning process: original water is drained laggard row one-week be dried and tan by the sun.
To kill the biology such as fish, fish roe, provide more preferably growing environment for artemia.
2) injecting salinity in culturing pool is 100g/L salt, and salt pH is 8.0, and water depth is 50cm;
The salt injected shifts to an earlier date this and processes through 1mm and 200 μm screen filtrations.Wherein, 1mm screen cloth effectively filter out fish,
Shrimp and macrozooplankton;200 μm screen clothes filter artemia larvae and microzooplankton.
3) periodically throw in chicken manure, carbamide and diammonium phosphate in culturing pool, i.e. per hectare cultured area is every
Week throws in chicken manure 250kg, carbamide 120kg, diammonium phosphate 40kg, is positioned over by bag with fertilizer foster during input
Grow the pool side position in pond, be beneficial to fertilizer and be slowly applied in water.Treat that the unicellular alga in water is (main
For Bacillariophyta and the unicellular alga of Chlorophyta, including Chaetoceros muelleri, Phaeodactylum, Dunaliella salina etc.)
Density reaches during every milliliter of 50-100 ten thousand (water typically exhibits yellowish-brown or yellow green), inoculates in pond
Artemia nauplii, inoculum density is: 120, every liter of water body.For the artemia inoculated to culturing pool without joint
Germling is obtained by hatching under following standard conditions: in the water body that salinity is 35g/L, with the artemia of 2g/L
Ovum density, in intensity of illumination be 1000lux, temperature be 25 DEG C under the conditions of hatch, after 24h collect at the beginning of
Incubate artemia larvae.When inoculating artemia nauplii in culturing pool, choose down wind and artemia is splashed in salt pond
In, to ensure that artemia larvae is evenly distributed in pond.
4) after artemia inoculation, total nitrogen level in detection water body weekly, and be 10:1 according to carbon-nitrogen ratio (C/N)
Ratio add carbon source, carbon source is molasses.Artemia cysts is i.e. had to occur, to artemia after 1-2 week after inoculation
Ovum is collected, and every day collects once;Extract artemia sample simultaneously every day and carry out the microexamination of development condition,
There are resting egg or germling embryo to occur in i.e. observing female worm's ovum capsule after 2 weeks, show to reach sexual maturity (sexual maturity
Time be typically the 2-4 week after inoculation after), correspondingly, water surface can be floating in a large number by female worm
The artemia cysts discharged and the artemia larvae hatched, continue to collect artemia cysts, to postvaccinal 6th week,
The total output of the artemia cysts of per hectare cultured area reaches 15kg (weight in wet base).In whole breeding process, support
The salinity growing water body would generally constantly change, and such as water salinity can rise with moisture evaporation,
Or owing to rainfall causes salinity decrease, for above-mentioned situation, when breeding water body salinity rises, salt can be supplemented
Spend relatively low salt or sea water, when breeding water body salinity declines, the salt of higher concentration can be supplemented, with this
Maintain stablizing of breeding water body salinity.
It addition, step 4) water quality index testing result in breeding process shows: total nitrogen level of water body is
15-50mg/L, total particle float (TSS) level is 200-800mg/L, volatile suspended matter (VSS)
Level is 50-300mg/L, and water quality suitably carries out the lasting cultivation of artemia and without changing breeding water.Additionally,
Without aeration in whole breeding process, the dissolved oxygen in breeding water body remains between 3-10mg/L.
Claims (7)
1. an artemia culture method, it is characterised in that comprise the steps:
1) injecting salinity in culturing pool is the salt of 80-100g/L, and salt pH is 7.8-8.2, water depth
For 50-100cm;
2) periodically throwing in organic manure, carbamide and diammonium phosphate in culturing pool, that treats in water is slender
When born of the same parents' algae density reaches every milliliter of 50-100 ten thousand, inoculating artemia nauplii in pond, inoculum density is:
Every liter of water body 100-120 is only;
3) after artemia inoculation, the total nitrogen level in detection water body weekly, and according to the ratio that carbon-nitrogen ratio is 10:1
Example adds carbon source;Breeding process is constantly collected the artemia cysts occurred in water body.
Artemia culture method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described step 3) middle use
It is tapioca starch, molasses or Semen Maydis powder in the carbon source added to culturing pool.
Artemia culture method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described step 1) in support
Growing the salt injected in pond is the salt after 1mm and 200 μm screen filtrations process.
Artemia culture method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described step 2) in have
Machine muck is chicken manure or pig manure;The interpolation in culturing pool of described organic manure, carbamide and diammonium phosphate
Mode is: per hectare cultured area throws in weekly organic manure 200-300kg, carbamide 100-120kg, phosphoric acid
Hydrogen diammonium 30-40kg.
Artemia culture method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described step 2) in be used for
Obtaining by hatching under standard conditions to the artemia nauplii of culturing pool inoculation, incubation condition is as follows: water body salt
Degree 35g/L, artemia cysts density 2g/L, intensity of illumination 1000lux, temperature 25-28 DEG C, brooding time 24h.
Artemia culture method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in described step 1) before
The cleaning first carrying out culturing pool processes step, and described cleaning processes step and is: carry out after being drained by original water
Being dried and tan by the sun, the time of process was at least one week.
Artemia culture method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described step 3) in also
Proceed as follows: periodically the development condition of artemia is carried out microexamination;For water body salt in breeding process
Being continually changing of degree, supplements the salt of different salinity at any time to maintain stablizing of breeding water body salinity.
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Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN106417124A (en) * | 2016-09-13 | 2017-02-22 | 上海海洋大学 | Method for intensive culture of prawn by utilizing beneficial microbial flocs regulated by composite carbon sources |
CN107373186A (en) * | 2017-06-29 | 2017-11-24 | 天津海友佳音生物科技股份有限公司 | A kind of bait of artemia culture and the method using biological flocculation artemia culture |
CN110214730A (en) * | 2019-06-28 | 2019-09-10 | 中国科学院青岛生物能源与过程研究所 | The artemia and its acclimation method of fast breeding under high temperature and high salt environment |
CN110402864A (en) * | 2019-09-03 | 2019-11-05 | 宁夏天荣现代农业科技有限公司 | A kind of batch production racetrack inland biological flocculation shrimp farming method |
CN113562941A (en) * | 2021-09-24 | 2021-10-29 | 渤海水产科技(滨州)有限公司 | Treatment method and application of prawn culture tail water |
CN113557998A (en) * | 2021-09-27 | 2021-10-29 | 渤海水产科技(滨州)有限公司 | Ecological breeding method for high-quality shrimps |
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Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN106417124A (en) * | 2016-09-13 | 2017-02-22 | 上海海洋大学 | Method for intensive culture of prawn by utilizing beneficial microbial flocs regulated by composite carbon sources |
CN106417124B (en) * | 2016-09-13 | 2019-06-21 | 上海海洋大学 | A method of regulating and controlling prebiotic type microbial flocculation body using compounded carbons and carries out prawn high-density breeding |
CN107373186A (en) * | 2017-06-29 | 2017-11-24 | 天津海友佳音生物科技股份有限公司 | A kind of bait of artemia culture and the method using biological flocculation artemia culture |
CN110214730A (en) * | 2019-06-28 | 2019-09-10 | 中国科学院青岛生物能源与过程研究所 | The artemia and its acclimation method of fast breeding under high temperature and high salt environment |
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