CN105695910A - Superplastic forming method of TiAl-based alloy sheet - Google Patents
Superplastic forming method of TiAl-based alloy sheet Download PDFInfo
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- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/16—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of other metals or alloys based thereon
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- C22F1/183—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon of titanium or alloys based thereon
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Abstract
A superplastic forming method of a TiAl-based alloy sheet belongs to the technical field of TiAl-based alloy plastic working. A preparing method comprises the following steps: taking TiAl-based alloy prepared by a powder metallurgy process; after hot-rolling the TiAl-based alloy into a sheet, adjusting the structure of the TiAl-based alloy into a tiny duplex structure of gamma phase and alpha2 phase through a heat treatment method; after assembling the sheet with a superplastic forming die, integrally heating to 900-980DEG C; and after preserving heat for 20-30 minutes, carrying out constant-temperature and constant-rate forming. The technology used in superplastic forming process is simple, and no modification needs to be carried out on the existing equipment. Technical problems occurring in the superplastic forming preparation of parts from the TiAl-based alloy sheet are solved, and a means can be provided for the industrial application of the alloy sheet. The superplastic forming method is simple in technology, low in equipment requirements and suitable for industrial production.
Description
Technical field
The method that the present invention relates to titanium aluminium base alloy sheet material superplasticforming, refering in particular to is a kind of method of large scale titanium aluminium base alloy sheet material superplasticforming；Belong to titanium aluminium base alloy Technology of Plastic Processing field。
Background technology
Titanium aluminium base alloy specific strength is high, specific stiffness high, density is low, fire resistance and high-temperature oxidation resistant, creep-resistant property are good, is the very potential lightweight high-temperature structural material of one, has broad application prospects at the industrial circle such as Aero-Space, automobile making。Titanium aluminium base alloy sheet material is except can being directly used as structural material, it is also possible to for parts and the wing of super speed vehicle, housing, hot-zone eyelid covering, turbo blade, the missile tail etc. of near-net-shape Aeronautics and Astronautics electromotor。But, titanium aluminium base alloy is more crisp, belongs to difficult-to-deformation material, by traditional method, titanium aluminium base alloy is processed deformation highly difficult, when preparing complex-shaped or larger-size part such as aircraft casing, turbo blade particularly in production, traditional forming technique cannot play a role effectively。
Superplastic Forming Techniques is as the technology of a kind of " new and effective ", and it is increasingly subject to the attention of researcheres at the huge superiority that shaping and the aviation industry of difficult-to-machine material demonstrates。Material resistance of deformation when carrying out superplasticforming is little, deflection greatly, easily shape, therefore, utilize Superplastic Forming Techniques that titanium aluminium base alloy is processed have huge advantage。At present, there is the much research about titanium aluminium base alloy superplasticforming both at home and abroad。Ti-35.9Al (wt%) base alloy blank is carried out isothermal forging by Imayev et al. under 1000 DEG C of conditions, then after carrying out follow-up different heat treatment, it has been found that temperature be 1025 DEG C, strain rate be 0.83 × 10-3s-1～1.6 × 10-3s-1Under condition, the elongation percentage of alloy sample is 130%～250%, has superplasticforming ability。When the Ti-43Al-4Nb-2Mo-0.5B (at%) of forging state is carried out superplastic tension by Niu et al., temperature be 900 DEG C～950 DEG C, strain rate be 1 × 10-4s-1～4 × 10-4s-1Time, the elongation percentage obtained is 170%～405%, has superplasticforming ability equally。
Can be seen that from other people result of study, although alloy has been provided with superplasticity under given conditions, but the difference of composition can cause that superplastic temperature and strain rate condition have bigger difference, and for specific alloy, it is necessary to the condition of temperature and strain rate of being provided simultaneously with is only possible to has superplasticforming ability。On the other hand, the research of alloy simple tension superplasticity property and actual industrial utilize super plastic forming method prepare part and there is also bigger difference, owing to the research of performance is primarily upon the superplasticity property under simple unidirectional tensile stress state, and the stress state during superplasticforming of part wants complicated a lot, not simple simple tension, circumference can be subject to simultaneously and compress and rub against the effect of power, under the effect of multiple stress, the condition of superplasticforming compares the condition with simple tension, comparability is less, that is the superplasticity condition adopting simple tension carries out the superplasticity of part when preparing, need condition is carried out bigger adjustment, and adjust degree unpredictable。Such as, the increase of circumferential pressure stress is conducive to putting forward heavy alloyed superplasticity, but the existence of frictional force is then unfavorable for the superplasticforming of alloy, so adjustment direction exists bigger non-intellectual。The visible superplasticforming for part, it is necessary to consider temperature, strain rate and the factors such as microscopic structure and mold shape, the change of any one condition, all can cause the respective change of other condition。Therefore when arranging of superplasticforming condition, must take into the compound action of many factors, the condition of existing research report mainly has directiveness under corresponding material and condition, but for certain material superplasticforming under given conditions, its technological parameter but has uniqueness, and the existing research of not according to and report can directly obtain。
The superplasticforming of the TiAl alloy sheet material prepared for ingot metallurgy method prepares part, owing to itself being difficult to prepare large-sized sheet material, and alloy grain prepared by ingot metallurgy method is generally thicker, and it is usually present the defect of component segregation or tissue looseness, causes that the difficulty of its superplasticforming increases。Patent of the present invention is based on the fundamental research of early stage sheet material superplastic behavior, it is proposed that be suitable for the process of large size plate superplasticforming。
Summary of the invention
A kind of method that it is an object of the invention to overcome the deficiency of prior art and provide titanium aluminium base alloy sheet material superplasticforming that can produce large-size part。
One TiAl base alloy plate super plastic forming method of the present invention, comprises the steps:
The first step: alloy substrate tissue adjusts
Taking TiAl-base alloy prepared by powder metallurgic method, hot rolling is after sheet material, adjusts TiAl-base alloy by heat treatment method and is organized as γ phase and α2The tiny bifurcation tissue of phase；
Second step: superplasticforming
The TiAl-base alloy first step obtained is overall after assembling with superplasticforming mould to be heated to 900～980 DEG C, after being incubated 20～30 minutes, carries out the rate shaped such as isothermal；
3rd step: stabilizing treatment
Superplasticforming terminates, the laggard line stabilization annealing heat treatment of depanning。
One TiAl base alloy plate super plastic forming method of the present invention, the technological parameter of described heat treatment method is: holding temperature 1250～1270 DEG C, and temperature retention time is 4～5 hours, and insulation terminates rear air cooling。
One TiAl base alloy plate super plastic forming method of the present invention, described γ phase and α2In the tiny bifurcation tissue of phase, the average grain size of γ phase is 15～20 μm, and percentage is 40%～45%, α2The average-size of/γ colony is 20～25 μm, and percentage is 55%～60%。
One TiAl base alloy plate super plastic forming method of the present invention, the speed forming parameters such as described isothermal is: forming temperature 900～980 DEG C, strain rate is 8 × 10-5s-1～5 × 10-4s-1；In forming process: the variations in temperature of workpiece and mould is less than or equal to 10 DEG C, and strain rate keeps constant。
One TiAl-base alloy super plastic forming method of the present invention, described Annealing Temperature is 850 DEG C～900 DEG C, and temperature retention time is come out of the stove after 3～5 hours air cooling。
One TiAl base alloy plate super plastic forming method of the present invention, described TiAl-base alloy includes following component, forms by atomic percent: Al43～46%, Nb6.5～7.2%, W0.28～0.32%, impurity element total amount is less than 0.1%, remaining as Ti。
One TiAl base alloy plate super plastic forming method of the present invention, the TiAl base alloy plate width obtained after hot rolling is 250～300mm, and length is 300～400mm, and thickness is 2～2.5mm。
One TiAl base alloy plate super plastic forming method of the present invention, TiAl base alloy plate after adjusting matrix by heat treatment method is carried out surface finish process, remove the oxidation products in heat treatment process, make sheet metal thickness uniform, any surface finish, then, assemble with superplasticforming mould。
Under normal circumstances, As rolled TiAl base alloy plate be organized as bifurcation tissue, wherein γ phase and α2The ratio of/γ colony is about 1:3, although the nearly γ before the relatively hot rolling of this microstructure characteristic organizes or the plasticity of fully lamellar composition increases, but γ phase and α2The ratio of/γ colony the ratio combination of nonplastic the best, this microstructure characteristic does not still possess the ability of superplasticforming, it is necessary to sheet material carries out heat treatment, adjusts γ phase and α in alloy2The ratio of/γ colony, just can make sheet material have the ability of superplasticforming。Owing to TiAl-base alloy plasticity itself is poor, carry out microstructure modification and make it have suitable γ phase and α2While the ratio of/γ colony, it is necessary to just can realize superplasticforming under suitable forming temperature and velocity conditions。Therefore, the superplasticforming of TiAl alloy sheet material to be realized, need the efficient combination of three kinds of conditions。
The present invention adopts the path of powder metallurgy to prepare TiAl-base alloy large scale blank, large scale titanium aluminium base alloy sheet material is prepared in hot rolling, making alloy have bifurcation tissue tiny, uniform in conjunction with heat treatment measure, finally carrying out superplasticforming again is a kind of feasible route preparing large-size titanium aluminium base alloy part。First the present invention, utilizes the hot rolling blank that powder metallurgy formation technology is prepared can avoid casting flaw, crystal grain thinning tissue；Secondly, the large scale titanium aluminium base alloy sheet material that hot rolling goes out is laid a good foundation for shaping large-scale part；The bifurcation fine microstructures that obtains in particular with heat treatment measure, uniformly, has good plasticity, carries out heat treatment, both prepared good matrix for titanium aluminium base alloy sheet material superplasticforming, also reduce the requirement to production equipment。Achieve large scale and there is the titanium aluminium base alloy sheet material of tiny, uniform alloy tissue superplasticforming at different conditions, it is thus achieved that the alloy part of large-size。
The present invention adopts above-mentioned process, powder metallurgy titanium aluminium base alloy rolled plate can be carried out superplasticforming and prepare part。Advantages of the present invention: 1, be the feature of the high-temperature oxidation utilizing powder metallurgy height Nb titanium-aluminium alloy to have itself; surface discolouration is only there is when 900～980 DEG C; and oxidation will be occurred more than 900 DEG C to come off unlike other low Nb or the titanium-aluminium alloy without Nb, it is to avoid inoxidzable coating required in superplasticforming process or atmosphere protection。2, before superplasticforming, adjust alloy substrate tissue by heat treatment method, for realizing the organization condition that titanium aluminium base alloy sheet material superplasticforming provides suitable, make sheet material have the microscopic structure of best plastic deformation ability, including γ phase and α2The grain size of/γ colony and ratio；3, the efficient combination of temperature and strain rate is utilized, it is ensured that sheet alloy has good superplasticforming。
Superplasticforming process is simple, only before carrying out superplasticforming, sheet material need to be carried out heat treatment, ensure its suitable microscopic structure condition, superplasticforming process controls forming temperature and speed, part can be realized prepare, without existing equipment carries out any transformation, and can realize producing in enormous quantities。In sum, the present invention is that the preparation of powder metallurgy height Nb titanium aluminium alloy sheet superplasticforming part provides a simple efficient approach。
Accompanying drawing illustrates:
Accompanying drawing 1 does not carry out the microscopic structure of heat treated hot rolled plate。
Accompanying drawing 2 adopts the sheet material microscopic structure that in embodiment 1, before superplasticforming, Technology for Heating Processing obtains。
Accompanying drawing 3 adopts the sheet material microscopic structure that in embodiment 2, before superplasticforming, Technology for Heating Processing obtains。
Accompanying drawing 4 adopts the sheet material microscopic structure that in embodiment 3, before superplasticforming, Technology for Heating Processing obtains。
Accompanying drawing 5 is superplasticforming mould of the present invention and shapes schematic diagram。
From figure 1 it appears that do not carry out in heat treated sheet material the quantity of γ phase much smaller than α2/ γ colony quantity, and crystal grain presents elongation shape, and the change tissue crystal grain of this elongation is also unfavorable for superplasticforming。
From accompanying drawing 2-4 it can be seen that and through the heat treated sheet material γ phase of the present invention and α2The ratio of/γ colony is suitable, and crystal grain such as is at the shaft-like, is more beneficial for superplasticforming。
Fig. 5 is superplasticforming mould of the present invention and shapes schematic diagram, superplasticforming process protrusions part is primary deformable position, true strain in time adjusting the deformation of this position is 0.8～0.9, be equivalent to sheet material percentage elongation and reach 105～120%, when therefore adopting this inventive method that TiAl alloy sheet material is carried out superplasticforming, the plasticity of sheet material need to meet percentage elongation more than 105%。
Detailed description of the invention:
Before carrying out superplasticforming and preparing part, it is necessary to the sheet material treating shaping carries out superplasticity property test, only possess the sheet material of superplasticity property and be only possible to and realize superplasticforming part and prepare。Hot rolling being shaped to the sheet material of preparation, when sheet material does not carry out heat treatment, in tissue, the average grain size of γ phase is 15 ± 5 μm, and percentage is 30 ± 2%, α2The average-size of/γ colony is 20 ± 5 μm, and percentage is 65 ± 5%, is 980 ± 10 DEG C in temperature, and strain rate is 1 × 10-4s-1When stretching, the percentage elongation of sheet material is 53%, does not have superplasticity, is therefore not appropriate for carrying out superplasticforming；Rolled plate is carried out as after the heat treatment of following example, when carrying out tensile property test when corresponding temperature and strain rate, percentage elongation respectively reaches 113%, 125% and 120%, it is provided with superplasticity, therefore can carry out superplasticforming and prepare part。
In the embodiment of the present invention, comparative example, all adopt mould shown in accompanying drawing 5 to carry out superplasticforming, make the parts of helmet-shaped。
Comparative example
Atomic percent composition prepared by powder metallurgy process is: Al44.5 ± 1.5%, Nb7 ± 0.2%, W0.3 ± 0.02%, all the other impurity element total amounts are less than 0.1%, carrying out hot rolling for width remaining as the titanium-aluminium alloy of Ti is 300mm, and length is more than 350mm, the sheet material of thickness 2.75 ± 0.25mm。In hot rolled plate tissue, the average grain size of γ phase is 15 ± 5 μm, and percentage is 30 ± 2%, α2The average-size of/γ colony is 20 ± 5 μm, and percentage is 65 ± 5%, and hot rolled plate is carried out surface finish process, remove the oxidation products in heat treatment process, ensureing that sheet metal thickness is uniform, any surface finish, after grinding process, the thickness of sheet material is 2.2 ± 0.2mm。Heating and thermal insulation together with sheet material after surface treatment is assembled be placed in heating furnace with superplasticforming mould。Heating-up temperature is 980 ± 10 DEG C, is incubated 30 minutes。After insulation, the sheet material after combination is carried out the speed superplasticformings such as isothermal with superplasticforming mould on forcing press。Superplastic forming temperature is consistent with holding temperature is 980 ± 10 DEG C, and strain rate is 1 × 10-4s-1, when carrying out superplasticforming with this understanding, part is not yet fully formed, then rupture in position, arc top, it is impossible to realize superplasticforming。
Embodiment 1
Atomic percent composition prepared by powder metallurgy process is: Al44.5 ± 1.5%, Nb7 ± 0.2%, W0.3 ± 0.02%, all the other impurity element total amounts are less than 0.1%, carrying out hot rolling for width remaining as the titanium-aluminium alloy of Ti is 250mm, and length is more than 300mm, the sheet material of thickness 2.75 ± 0.25mm。By sheet material to be formed air cooling after temperature is be incubated 4.5 ± 0.5 hours under 1260 ± 10 DEG C of conditions, obtaining the sheet material with tiny bifurcation tissue, and in bifurcation tissue, the average grain size of γ phase is 17.5 ± 2.5 μm, percentage is 42.5 ± 2.5%, α2The average-size of/γ colony is 22.5 ± 3 μm, and percentage is 57.5 ± 2.5%。Sheet material after heat treatment is carried out surface finish process, removes the oxidation products in heat treatment process, it is ensured that sheet metal thickness is uniform, and any surface finish, after grinding process, the thickness of sheet material is 2.2 ± 0.2mm。Heating and thermal insulation together with sheet material after surface treatment is assembled be placed in heating furnace with superplasticforming mould。Heating-up temperature is 900 ± 10 DEG C, is incubated 30 minutes。After insulation, the sheet material after combination is carried out the speed superplasticformings such as isothermal with superplasticforming mould on forcing press。Superplastic forming temperature is consistent with holding temperature is 900 ± 10 DEG C, and strain rate is 8 × 10-5s-1。Superplasticforming terminates, and is air cooling after stabilizing annealing 5 hours under 850 DEG C of conditions in temperature after depanning；The helmet-like part circular arc top of preparation is 248-252mm to the distance of portareapiston, adopts ultrasonic examination, and circular arc top has no crackle。
Embodiment 2
Atomic percent composition prepared by powder metallurgy process is: Al44.5 ± 1.5%, Nb7 ± 0.2%, W0.3 ± 0.02%, all the other impurity element total amounts are less than 0.1%, carrying out hot rolling for width remaining as the titanium-aluminium alloy of Ti is 280mm, and length is more than 350mm, the sheet material of thickness 2.75 ± 0.25mm。By sheet material to be formed air cooling after temperature is be incubated 4.5 ± 0.5 hours under 1260 ± 10 DEG C of conditions, obtaining the sheet material with tiny bifurcation tissue, and in bifurcation tissue, the average grain size of γ phase is 17.5 ± 2.5 μm, percentage is 42.5 ± 2.5%, α2The average-size of/γ colony is 22.5 ± 3 μm, and percentage is 57.5 ± 2.5%。Sheet material after heat treatment is carried out surface finish process, removes the oxidation products in heat treatment process, it is ensured that sheet metal thickness is uniform, and any surface finish, after grinding process, the thickness of sheet material is 2.2 ± 0.2mm。Heating and thermal insulation together with sheet material after surface treatment is assembled be placed in heating furnace with superplasticforming mould。Heating-up temperature is 950 ± 10 DEG C, is incubated 25 minutes。After insulation, the sheet material after combination is carried out the speed superplasticformings such as isothermal with superplasticforming mould on forcing press。Superplastic forming temperature is consistent with holding temperature is 950 ± 10 DEG C, and strain rate is 1 × 10-4s-1。Superplasticforming terminates, and is air cooling after stabilizing annealing 4 hours under 880 DEG C of conditions in temperature after depanning；The helmet-like part circular arc top of preparation is 248-252mm to the distance of portareapiston, adopts ultrasonic examination, and circular arc top has no crackle。
Embodiment 3
Atomic percent composition prepared by powder metallurgy process is: Al44.5 ± 1.5%, Nb7 ± 0.2%, W0.3 ± 0.02%, all the other impurity element total amounts are less than 0.1%, carrying out hot rolling for width remaining as the titanium-aluminium alloy of Ti is 300mm, and length is more than 400mm, the sheet material of thickness 2.75 ± 0.25mm。By sheet material to be formed air cooling after temperature is be incubated 4.5 ± 0.5 hours under 1260 ± 10 DEG C of conditions, obtaining the sheet material with tiny bifurcation tissue, and in bifurcation tissue, the average grain size of γ phase is 17.5 ± 2.5 μm, percentage is 42.5 ± 2.5%, α2The average-size of/γ colony is 22.5 ± 3 μm, and percentage is 57.5 ± 2.5%。Sheet material after heat treatment is carried out surface finish process, removes the oxidation products in heat treatment process, it is ensured that sheet metal thickness is uniform, and any surface finish, after grinding process, the thickness of sheet material is 2.2 ± 0.2mm。Heating and thermal insulation together with sheet material after surface treatment is assembled be placed in heating furnace with superplasticforming mould。Heating-up temperature is 980 ± 10 DEG C, is incubated 20 minutes。After insulation, the sheet material after combination is carried out the speed superplasticformings such as isothermal with superplasticforming mould on forcing press。Superplastic forming temperature is consistent with holding temperature is 980 ± 10 DEG C, and strain rate is 5 × 10-4s-1。Superplasticforming terminates, and is air cooling after stabilizing annealing 3 hours under 900 DEG C of conditions in temperature after depanning；The helmet-like part circular arc top of preparation is 248-252mm to the distance of portareapiston, adopts ultrasonic examination, and circular arc top has no crackle。
Claims (9)
1. a TiAl base alloy plate super plastic forming method, comprises the steps:
The first step: alloy substrate tissue adjusts
Taking TiAl-base alloy prepared by powder metallurgic method, hot rolling is after sheet material, adjusts TiAl-base alloy by heat treatment method and is organized as γ phase and α2The tiny bifurcation tissue of phase；
Second step: superplasticforming
The TiAl-base alloy first step obtained is overall after assembling with superplasticforming mould to be heated to 900～980 DEG C, after being incubated 20～30 minutes, carries out the rate shaped such as isothermal。
2. a kind of TiAl base alloy plate super plastic forming method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the technological parameter of described heat treatment method is: holding temperature 1250～1270 DEG C, and temperature retention time is 4～5 hours, and insulation terminates rear air cooling。
3. a kind of TiAl base alloy plate super plastic forming method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described γ phase and α2In the tiny bifurcation tissue of phase, the average grain size of γ phase is 15～20 μm, and percentage is 40%～45%, α2The average-size of/γ colony is 20～25 μm, and percentage is 55%～60%。
4. a kind of TiAl base alloy plate super plastic forming method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the speed forming parameters such as described isothermal are: forming temperature 900～980 DEG C, and strain rate is 8 × 10-5s-1～5 × 10-4s-1；In forming process: the variations in temperature of workpiece and mould is less than or equal to 10 DEG C, and strain rate keeps constant。
5. a kind of TiAl base alloy plate super plastic forming method according to claim 1-4 any one, it is characterised in that: superplasticforming terminates, the laggard line stabilization annealing heat treatment of depanning。
6. a kind of TiAl base alloy plate super plastic forming method according to claim 5, it is characterised in that: described Annealing Temperature is 850 DEG C～900 DEG C, and temperature retention time is come out of the stove after 3～5 hours air cooling。
7. a kind of TiAl base alloy plate super plastic forming method according to claim 5, it is characterised in that: described TiAl-base alloy includes following component, forms by atomic percent: Al43～46%, Nb6.5～7.2%, W0.28～0.32%, impurity element total amount is less than 0.1%, remaining as Ti。
8. a kind of TiAl base alloy plate super plastic forming method according to claim 7, it is characterised in that: the TiAl base alloy plate width obtained after hot rolling is 250～300mm, and length is 300～400mm, and thickness is 2～2.5mm。
9. a kind of TiAl base alloy plate super plastic forming method according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: the TiAl base alloy plate after adjusting matrix by heat treatment method is carried out surface finish process, remove the oxidation products in heat treatment process, make sheet metal thickness uniform, any surface finish, then, assemble with superplasticforming mould。
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| CN111254314A (en) * | 2020-03-10 | 2020-06-09 | 上海航天精密机械研究所 | TiAl alloy with low-temperature superplasticity and preparation method of component thereof |
| CN111254314B (en) * | 2020-03-10 | 2021-07-13 | 上海航天精密机械研究所 | TiAl alloy with low-temperature superplasticity and preparation method of component thereof |
| CN116121876A (en) * | 2023-02-20 | 2023-05-16 | 燕山大学 | TiAl single crystal with controllable phase proportion and regulation and control method thereof |
| CN116121876B (en) * | 2023-02-20 | 2024-08-13 | 燕山大学 | TiAl single crystal with controllable phase proportion and regulation and control method thereof |
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