CN105610280B - A kind of open winding structure changes electric system - Google Patents
A kind of open winding structure changes electric system Download PDFInfo
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- CN105610280B CN105610280B CN201610108754.8A CN201610108754A CN105610280B CN 105610280 B CN105610280 B CN 105610280B CN 201610108754 A CN201610108754 A CN 201610108754A CN 105610280 B CN105610280 B CN 105610280B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for dynamo-electric motors
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of open winding structure changes electric system, including master controller, varistructure driver and open winding electric machine, open winding electric machine has N group windings, and every group includes the first winding, wherein the second winding, N >=2；Master controller receives the feedback information of control instruction and open winding electric machine, and generate power drive and drive topological structure changes instruction, driving topological structure is entered line translation by varistructure driver according to the topological structure changes instruction of driving, two windings in series of every group of open winding electric machine can be got up turn into a new phase winding, light-load mode or heavily loaded pattern can also be transformed to.The open winding structure changes electric system of the present invention, make full use of the structurally variable of varistructure driver and the open winding electric machine of multiphase, high power density, high reliability advantage, different duty requirements can be met, motor driven systems weight and volume can be effectively reduced, and power density and reliability are effectively improved, eliminate mechanical noise.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of open winding structure changes electric system, belong to machine field.
Background technology
With the development of high power density magnet and power device, the especially open winding electric machine (permanent magnetism of electric system
Independent winding motor) application scenario constantly expands, such as full electric car, full electric tank, the electric naval vessel etc. that developed now,
Crucial actuating unit and propulsive power source of the electric system as said system, its duty requirements are often more complicated and frequent
It is changeable, for example it is frequently encountered the operating modes such as high speed, low speed, underloading, overload, normal and failure.
In the prior art, in order that obtaining electric system meets different driving working condition requirements, generally use multiple electric motors lead to
Exertin or speed synthesizer are coupled, for example high-speed electric expreess locomotive+slowspeed machine is by clutch, according to different operating mode need
Ask, switch corresponding motor and be operated.Although the structure can improve different duty requirements, due to two motors not
It is to work simultaneously, and clutch, in order to meet various working, its volume and weight is all very big, so as to cause system power close
Degree is very low, and due to the presence of clutch so that system effectiveness is relatively low, can also produce larger mechanical shock in addition and make an uproar
Sound.
Key subsystem of the electric system as electromechanical energy conversion systems, its Performance And Reliability are determined and influenceed
The performance and task for electromechanical energy conversion systems complete ability.How fundamentally to solve above-mentioned contradiction, allowed electric system both
Disclosure satisfy that multi-state demand and can is enough has higher reliability, is this area technical problem urgently to be resolved hurrily.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide one kind to make full use of varistructure driver and height
Structurally variable, high power density, the structure changes department of electrical engineering of high reliability advantage of the open winding electric machine of multiphase of power density
System.
The object of the invention is achieved by following technical solution：
A kind of open winding structure changes electric system is provided, including master controller (10), varistructure driver (20),
Current acquisition module and open winding electric machine (30)；
The current acquisition module gathers the electric current of each winding output of open winding electric machine (30) and is transferred to master control
Device (10) processed；
Open winding electric machine (30) has N group windings, and every group includes the first winding (NW1), the second winding (NW2), its
Middle N >=2；
The varistructure driver (20) includes power transistor driver (22), switch driver (23), power tube group
And power switch group (25) (24)；
Power switch group (25) includes dc power power supply (61) and 4 × N number of power switch (51)；Dc power power supply
(61) there is positive output terminal (i_Vs) and negative output terminal (i_PGND)；4 × N number of power switch (51) is opened including N groups first
Close pipe (NT1), second switch pipe (NT2), the 3rd switching tube (NT3) and the 4th switching tube (NT4), the first switch pipe
(NT1) positive output terminal (i_Vs) of dc power power supply (61) is connected with the drain electrode of the 3rd switching tube (NT3), described second opens
Close the negative output terminal (i_PGND) that pipe (NT2) connects dc power power supply (61) with the source electrode of the 4th switching tube (NT4)；
Power tube group (24) includes N number of converter unit, and each converter unit includes the first H bridge arms ((2N-1) Q1, (2N-1)
Q4), the 2nd H bridge arms (2NQ1,2NQ4), the 3rd H bridge arms ((2N-1) Q3, (2N-1) Q2) and the 4th H bridge arms (2NQ3,2NQ2),
Each H bridge arms (45) include the first power tube and the second power tube, and the source electrode of the first power tube connects the drain electrode of the second power tube,
As winding incoming end；The source of the drain electrode connection first switch pipe (NT1) of first power tube of the first H bridge arms and the 2nd H bridge arms
Pole, the drain electrode of the source electrode connection second switch pipe (NT2) of the second power tube, the winding incoming end connection of i-th the oneth H bridge arms the
One end of i the first windings, the winding incoming end of i-th of the 2nd H bridge arms connect one end of i-th of second windings；3rd H bridge arms
Drain electrode with the first power tube of the 4th H bridge arms connects the source electrode of the 3rd switching tube (NT1), the source electrode connection of the second power tube the
The drain electrode of four switching tubes (NT2), the other end of winding incoming end i-th of first windings of connection of i-th of the 3rd H bridge arms, i-th
The winding incoming end of 4th H bridge arms connects the other end of i-th of second windings, wherein 1≤i≤N；
The power transistor driver (22), the in the control command driving power pipe group (24) sent according to master controller
One power tube and the second power tube；
4N work(in the control command driving power switches set (25) that switch driver (23) is sent according to master controller
Rate switchs (51)；
The master controller receives the electric current of each winding output, performs fault diagnosis algorithm, judges whether to break down,
When a failure occurs it, abort situation and fault type are diagnosed to be, and by changing the driving topology of varistructure driver (20)
Structure realizes fault recovery；The control command that host computer is sent is received, and control command is transmitted to power transistor driver (22)
With switch driver (23).
Preferably, the varistructure driver (20) according to control instruction can will driving topological structure be changed into first around
Group, the second windings in series are into a phase winding, specific control method：First power tube of the 3rd H bridge arms and the 4th H bridge arms is opened
Open, the second power tube is disconnected, or the first power tube of the 3rd H bridge arms and the 4th H bridge arms disconnects, and the second power tube is opened；It is disconnected
The 3rd switching tube and the 4th switching tube are opened, realizes two winding right-hand member series connection；Or the first H bridge arms and the 2nd H bridge arms first
Power tube is opened, and the second power tube disconnects, or the first power tube of the first H bridge arms and the 2nd H bridge arms disconnects, the second power tube
Open；First switch pipe and second switch pipe are disconnected, realizes two winding left end series connection.
Preferably, realize that the specific method of fault recovery is by changing driving topological structure：When topological structure is driving
When first winding, the second windings in series are into a phase winding, first to fourth switching tube corresponding to winding where closing fault and
First to fourth H bridge arms；Change the amplitude and phase of the output current of other group of winding, ensure that gross output is constant.
Preferably, the master controller, which receives the control command that host computer is sent, also includes electric system mode of operation, point
For light-load mode or heavily loaded pattern；
When control command is light-load mode, first to fourth switching tube and first corresponding to 1 group to K group windings of control
Worked to the 4th H bridge arms, first to fourth switching tube corresponding to other group of winding and the shut-off of first to fourth H bridge arms, 1≤K
≤(N/2)；
When control command is heavily loaded pattern, first to fourth switching tube corresponding to K group windings and first to the are controlled
Four H bridge arms work, first to fourth switching tube corresponding to other group of winding and the shut-off of first to fourth H bridge arms, (N/2)<K≤
N。
Preferably, realize that the specific method of fault recovery is by changing driving topological structure：
Electric system mode of operation is that light-load mode or electric system mode of operation are heavily loaded pattern and are not turned on whole
During winding, first to fourth switching tube and first to fourth H bridge arms of winding where closing fault, and open another group of non-work
Make first to fourth switching tube and first to fourth H bridge arms of the winding of state；
Electric system mode of operation is heavily loaded pattern and when opening whole windings, first to the of winding where closing fault
Four switching tubes and first to fourth H bridge arms, the output current of other group of winding is improved, ensure that gross output is constant.
Preferably, the master controller, which receives the control command that host computer is sent, also includes electric system mode of operation, point
For light-load mode or heavily loaded pattern；
When control command is light-load mode, first to fourth switching tube corresponding to control K the first windings (NW1) and
First and the 3rd H bridge arms work, first to fourth switching tube corresponding to control K the second windings (NW1) and second and the 4th H
Bridge arm works, first to fourth switching tube corresponding to other windings and the shut-off of H bridge arms, wherein 1≤K≤(N/2)；
When control command is heavily loaded pattern, first to fourth switching tube corresponding to control K the first windings (NW1) and
First and the 3rd H bridge arms work, first to fourth switching tube corresponding to control K the second windings (NW1) and second and the 4th H
Bridge arm works, first to fourth switching tube corresponding to other windings and the shut-off of H bridge arms, wherein (N/2)<K≤N.
Preferably, all H bridges power outputs to be worked when control command is light-load mode are below rated power；Work as control
All H bridges power outputs that system order works when being heavily loaded pattern are rated power more than 2-3 times.
Preferably, realize that the specific method of fault recovery is by changing driving topological structure：
When electric system mode of operation is light-load mode or electric system mode of operation is heavily loaded pattern and K<During N, such as
Fruit failure winding is the first winding (NW1), then first of winding where closing fault and the 3rd H bridge arms, and open another non-work
Make first and the 3rd H bridge arm of the first winding of state, and corresponding first to fourth switching tube；If failure winding is the
Two windings (NW2), then second of winding where closing fault and the 4th H bridge arms, and open the second of another off working state around
Second and the 4th H bridge arm of group, and corresponding first to fourth switching tube；
When electric system mode of operation is heavily loaded pattern and K=N, then first to fourth of winding where closing fault switchs
Pipe and first to fourth H bridge arms, the output current of other group of winding is improved, ensure that gross output is constant.
Preferably, the varistructure driver (20) also includes overcurrent protection module and programmable logic controller (PLC), can
Programmed logic controller receives the control command that master controller is sent and is sent to H bridge arms (45) and power switch group (25)；Institute
Stating the open winding electric machine (30) of current acquisition module collection, the electric current of output is also transmitted to varistructure driver per phase winding
(20) overcurrent protection module, when the electric current of certain phase some winding output exceedes setting electric current threshold value, overcurrent protection module will
The over-current signal of the winding is exported to programmable logic controller (PLC), and the winding of branch road connects first to fourth H where closing fault
Bridge arm, and the winding connection power switch (51) of branch road where closing fault.
Preferably, the varistructure driver (20) also includes overtemperature protection module, and the collection of overtemperature protection module opens
Temperature of the formula winding electric machine (30) per phase winding, when the temperature of certain phase some winding output exceedes design temperature threshold value, overheat
Protection module exports the heat alarm of the phase winding to programmable logic controller (PLC), the winding connection of branch road where closing fault
First to fourth H bridge arms, and the winding connection power switch (51) of branch road where closing fault.
Preferably, the current threshold is 2-5 times of current value of winding rated output；Preferably, the temperature threshold
For 150 °~200 °.
Preferably, fault diagnosis algorithm concretely comprises the following steps：
1) each phase current that current sensor gathers in real time, each phase current is subjected to a square processing, and adjacent two-phase is electric
Levelling side, which make the difference, tries to achieve the mutual residual error of each phase current；
2) to it is normal when the mutual residual error of each phase current carry out norm calculation or mathematic expectaion calculates, establish normal each phase current
Norm value table or mathematical expectation table during mutual residual error；
3) the mutual residual error of each phase current obtained to step 1) carries out norm calculation or mathematic expectaion calculates, by right in real time
Residual norm value more mutual than each phase current or mathematical expectation with it is normal when each phase current mutual residual error when norm value or mathematics phase
Prestige value, judge fault type and the particular location to break down, and realize Fault Identification and isolation.
Preferably, it is according to the specific method that mathematical expectation judges fault type and position occurs：
If the electric current number of phases is odd number,
If the electric current number of phases is even number,
Wherein rA, b, represent that a phases and b phase current residual errors, m are equal to winding group number N.
Preferably, it is according to the specific method that norm value judges fault type and position occurs：
If the electric current number of phases is odd number,
If the electric current number of phases is even number,
Wherein rA, b, represent that a phases and b phase current residual errors, m are equal to winding group number N.
Preferably, the master controller (10) includes the first control unit and the second control unit, and first control is single
Member and the second control unit are mutually redundant backup.
Preferably, when needing low-speed big to export, the varistructure driver (20) will open up according to control instruction
Flutter structure and be changed into the first winding and the second windings in series into a phase winding.
Preferably, the dc power power supply (61) is 1, and 2 are mutually in parallel, or N number of, each corresponding one change of connection
Change unit.
The present invention has the following advantages that compared with prior art：
(1) structure changes electric system of the invention, combined by the different break-makes of a set of power tube group and power switch group,
It is the function that a variety of motors can be achieved using a set of motor, by entering line translation, different duty requirements can be met, compared to more electric
Machine+clutch mechanism formula structure changes, can be effectively reduced motor driven systems weight and volume, and it is close to effectively improve power
Degree, reliability, security and system effectiveness, while clutch is mechanically eliminated, so as to fundamentally eliminate mechanical shock
With noise
(2) present invention sets varistructure driver to include H bridge tandem drives topological structure, underloading H bridges driving topology knot
Structure, heavily loaded H bridges driving topological structure drive topological working condition for totally three kinds, can meet various working demand；In a certain phase winding
In the case of breaking down, other mode of operations can be switched to, improve the service efficiency and power density of system.
(3) electric system of the invention can realize that the failure caused by winding and driver equivalent to winding failure is examined
It is disconnected, and troubleshooting can be carried out, the safe handling of follow-up equipment is not influenceed.
(4) present invention can be realized that On-line Fault is handled, avoided system and lost completely by the switching of different driving topology
Economic loss caused by effect, brand-new solution is provided for the troubleshooting of electric system.Electric system is imparted to dislike
The application higher to security requirement such as the self-repairing capability in bad environment, the Aeronautics and Astronautics that is particularly suitable for use in, navigation, nuclear power
Occasion.
(5) present invention limits according to achieved reliability demand, and space, volume and weight, can use 1 or 2
Individual or N number of power supply, using flexible.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the structure changes electric system of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of varistructure driver of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the six mutually open winding electric machine structural representations of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is that 2 × N phase change structures of the present invention drive the Organization Chart of topological structure；
Fig. 5 is the Organization Chart that topological structure is driven according to six phase change structures of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is the fault diagnosis algorithm schematic diagram of the present invention.
Embodiment
As shown in figure 1, structure changes electric system proposed by the present invention is illustrated with the main Solid rocket engine on naval vessel.In the present invention
In, structure changes electric system includes master controller 10, varistructure driver 20 and open winding electric machine 30, wherein, it is described
Master controller 10 receives the feedback information of control instruction and open winding electric machine 30, and generates power drive and driving topology change
Organization instruction, according to different duty requirements, the varistructure driver 20 will driving according to the topological structure changes instruction of driving
Topological structure enters line translation, and the varistructure driver 20 gets up multiple windings in series of the open winding electric machine 30
As a new phase winding, when the number of phases is 2 × N, and by 2 × N number of H bridges 42 drive, it is convertible after being converted according to control instruction
For the new N-phase electric machine driven by N number of H bridges 42, realize and multiple windings in series of motor get up to be driven.
Open winding electric machine 30 is modularized motor, when the number of phases is 2 × N number of winding 31, wherein, N >=2, with such as Fig. 3
Exemplified by the shown pole permanent magnet motor of 12 groove 10, two terminals of winding 31 are all drawn outside motor casing, in order to ensure each phase winding
Between physically, on heat be completely independent, each phase winding 31 can use the individual layer centralization winding kept apart by fault-tolerant teeth 21
Structure, as shown in figure 3, wherein described in the adjacent two-phase of individual layer centralization winding construction winding 31 by fault-tolerant teeth 32 mutually every
From.
The major function of master controller 10 includes：Receive the control that higher level's control system (such as naval vessel central control system) is sent
System instruction, demodulation motor rotor position, each phase current of collection and temperature, closed-loop control, driving topological structure conversion etc.；Main control
Device 10 is driven control according to control instruction and current driving topological structure to open winding electric machine 30, adjustment output in real time
Control instruction to follow-up varistructure driver 20；Master controller 10 is carrying out closed loop control according to the electric current and temperature of collection
System simultaneously, is protected so that motor is in safe work state to follow-up varistructure driver 20.
Master controller 10 includes the first control unit and the second control unit, the first control unit and the second control unit pair
The control instruction of reception is checked, and can eliminate false command caused by interference, while the first control unit and the second control
The drive and control of electric machine of output and the instruction of topological structure changes are mutually authenticated unit, prevent the control instruction of output error.And
First control unit and the second control unit mutually monitor, after a control unit breaks down, another normal control
Unit can be blocked the output of faulty control unit, realized and mutually monitored the function of mutually backing up between double-core.Two
Control unit can be two control cores separate in two independent controllers or a controller, example
Such as dual-core controller.
With reference to shown in Fig. 2, varistructure driver 20 mainly includes programmable logic controller (PLC) 21, power transistor driver
22nd, switch driver 23, power tube group 24, power switch group 25 and excessively stream and overheating protection circuit 26；Programmable logical controller
Device 21 has the input being connected with master controller 10, and the output end of control power tube group 24 and power switch group 25；Work(
The varistructure that rate pipe group 24 and power switch group 25 are formed drives topological output end, the winding 31 with open winding electric machine 30
Terminals subnumber it is equal, and corresponding connect；Varistructure driver 20 can according to the control instruction mapped structure of main control 10,
The winding type of drive of open winding electric machine 30 is converted into the series system of polyphase windings 31 or is operated alone per phase winding 31
Mode；Varistructure driver 20 also includes power transistor driver 22 and switch driver 23, power transistor driver 22 and switch
The input of driver 23 is connected with the output end of programmable logic controller (PLC) 21, power transistor driver 22 and switch driver 23
Control terminal of the output end respectively with power tube group 24 and power switch group 25 be connected；Varistructure formula driver 20 also included
Stream and overheating protection circuit 26, excessively stream and the output end of overheating protection circuit 26 and the excessively stream and mistake of programmable logic controller (PLC) 21
Thermal protection signal input part is corresponding to be connected.
Current acquisition module gathers open winding electric machine 30, and per phase winding, the electric current of output is also transmitted to driver 20
Overcurrent protection module, when the electric current of certain phase winding output exceedes setting electric current threshold value, overcurrent protection module is by the mistake of the winding
Signal output is flowed to programmable logic controller (PLC)；Overtemperature protection module gathers temperature of the open winding electric machine 30 per phase winding,
When certain phase winding output temperature exceed design temperature threshold value when, overtemperature protection module by the heat alarm of the phase winding export to
Programmable logic controller (PLC)；The current threshold is 2-5 times of the current value of winding rated output；Preferably, the temperature threshold
It is worth for 150 °~200 °.
Master controller found after power tube failure in winding or power tube group 24 being present, branch road where closing fault around
Group connection H bridge arms 45 connect power switch 51 with the winding of branch road where closing fault, and take magnetomotive force before and after holding failure
Constant or constant gross output strategy, adjust the output current amplitude and phase of non-faulting phase.
In the present invention, open winding electric machine 30 uses the pole permanent magnet motor of 12 groove 10；Master controller 10 is according to control instruction
Control varistructure formula driver 20 is instructed with variable-structure control, and then controls open winding electric machine 30 to reach required work
Condition.
Topological structure of the present invention includes H bridges group 40, power switch group 50 and power supply group 60；Power tube in the H bridges group 40
Quantity and the number of phases of open winding electric machine match, as shown in figure 4, when the open winding electric machine number of phases is 2 × N, wherein N
>=2, the quantity of power tube 41 is 4 × 2 × N, is divided into 2 × N number of H bridges 42；Each H bridges 42 include left and right two bridge arms 45, will
The bridge arm 45 is left and right as battery limit (BL) point using open winding electric machine, and each bridge arm 45 includes upper and lower each power
Pipe 41, each H bridges 42 share four power tubes 41, and the intermediate point of each bridge arm 45 is provided with a winding connection
Terminal 43, the winding connection terminal 43 is connected with two terminals of the winding of open winding electric machine respectively, in addition, each institute
State H bridges 42 and be additionally provided with two power supply terminals 44, be connected respectively with the power switch for controlling the power supply group 60.
The power switch group 50 includes 4 × N number of power switch 51, and the power switch 51 by connecing power supply just and electricity respectively
The negative two power switch composition in source, and provided with the power power-supply binding post 52 for connecing the power supply group 60 and connect the H bridges 40
Power supply terminal 53, the power power-supply binding post 52 is connected with the dc power power supply of the power supply group 60, described
Power supply terminal 53 is connected with the power supply terminal 44 of the H bridges 42.
The power supply group 60 includes N number of dc power power supply 61, each dc power power supply 61 have output just with it is defeated
Go out minus two terminals, be connected respectively with the power power-supply binding post 52, and each dc power power supply 61 is simultaneously
Left and right two bridge arms 45 are supplied, every phase winding of so open winding electric machine is by a drive control of H bridges 42.
Limited, N number of dc power power supply 61 can be configured according to real system reliability requirement, and space, volume and weight
For 1, or 2 are mutually in parallel, or one converter unit of N number of each corresponding connection.
First bridge arm (2N-1) Q1, (2N-1) Q4 and second described bridge arm 2NQ1,2NQ4 pass through power switch
51 are also powered by the same dc power power supply 61, the 3rd bridge arm (2N-1) Q3, (2N-1) Q2 and the 4th institute
Bridge arm 2NQ3,2NQ2 is stated also to be powered by the same dc power power supply 61；
Power switch 51 is provided with the input being connected with controller 10, is additionally provided with the output being connected with subsequent power group 60
End, it is real respectively by signal isolation module and power driver module for the drive control data signal for exporting controller 10
Existing signal isolation and power drive enlarging function, export the control terminal to the power switch 51 in power switch group 50, so as to control
The conducting state of power switch 51 processed, to reach the break-make for controlling whole H bridges 42 and dc power power supply 61；
Controller 10, which is sent, drives topological variable-structure control to instruct to power switch 51, and power switch 51 is by the left side or the right side
Side H bridges 42 disconnect with dc power power supply 61, while send the first power tube of the H bridge arms of control instruction the 3rd and the 4th H bridge arms
(2N-1) Q3 and 2NQ3 is opened, and the second power tube (2N-1) Q2 and 2NQ2 disconnect, and disconnects the 3rd switching tube NT3 and the 4th switching tube
NT4, realize the first winding and the second windings in series；Or the first power tube of the 3rd H bridge arms and the 4th H bridge arms can also be used
(2N-1) Q3 and 2NQ3 is disconnected, and the second power tube (2N-1) Q2 and 2NQ2 are opened, and disconnects the 3rd switching tube NT3 and the 4th switching tube
NT4, realize the first winding and the series connection of the second winding right-hand member；Or while send the H bridge arms of control instruction the first and the 2nd H bridge arms
The first power tube (2N-1) Q1 and 2NQ1 open, the second power tube (2N-1) Q4 and 2NQ4 disconnect, and disconnect first switch pipe NT1
With second switch pipe NT2, the first winding and the second windings in series are realized；Or the first H bridge arms and the 2nd H bridge arms can also be used
The first power tube (2N-1) Q1 and 2NQ1 disconnect, the second power tube (2N-1) Q4 and 2NQ4 are opened, and disconnect first switch pipe NT3
With second switch pipe NT4, the first winding and the series connection of the second winding left end are realized.As shown in figure 5, so as to be driven by 6 H bridges 42
6 phase motors be connected into the new 3 phase motor driven by 3 H bridges 42, i.e., be the cascade of original two windings per phase winding,
So as to realize the topological structure changes function of driving.When needing low speed to export, this cascade can be used.
Signal isolation module is provided with the input being connected with controller 10, is additionally provided with what is be connected with subsequent power drive module
Output end, for the variable-structure control or drive control data signal for exporting controller 10, realize mutual with power signal
The function of isolation, protect controller 10 from the interference of power signal；
Power driver module is provided with the input being connected with signal isolation module, is additionally provided with and follow-up H bridges group 40 and power supply
The connected output end of switches set 50, the number signal for signal isolation module to be exported carry out power drive, realize power amplification
Function, to reach driving subsequent power pipe 41 and power switch 51；
Controller 10, which is provided with, receives the input that top level control device sends control instruction, and controls and become provided with output driving
The output end of structure control instruction, is connected with the input of signal isolation module.
In the present invention, controller 10 can select MCU, DSP, CPLD or FPGA, realize the resolving of control instruction, driving control
The function such as system and variable-structure control instruction generation；Photoelectric coupling or magnetic coupling device may be selected in signal isolation module, and power drives
The device with drive amplification function may be selected in dynamic model block；H bridges group 40 and power tube and power switch in power switch group 50
Power MOS pipe may be selected, break-make can be carried out according to drive control and variable-structure control instruction.
Under series model, if some winding breaks down, fault recovery is realized by changing driving topological structure
Specific method is：First to fourth switching tube and first to fourth H bridge arms corresponding to winding where closing fault；Change other
The amplitude and phase of the output current of group winding, ensure that gross output is constant.
The control command that host computer is sent also includes electric system mode of operation, is divided into light-load mode or heavily loaded pattern；When
When control command is light-load mode, first to fourth switching tube and first to fourth H corresponding to 1 group to N/2 group windings of control
Bridge arm works, first to fourth switching tube corresponding to other group of winding and the shut-off of first to fourth H bridge arms；When control command is
During heavily loaded pattern, control N/2 groups to all first to fourth switching tube and first to fourth H bridge arm works corresponding to group winding
Make, first to fourth switching tube corresponding to other group of winding and the shut-off of first to fourth H bridge arms.
When electric system mode of operation is light-load mode or heavily loaded pattern but when not opening whole windings, failure is realized
The specific method of recovery is：First to fourth switching tube and first to fourth H bridge arms of winding where closing fault, and open
First to fourth switching tube of the winding of another group of off working state and first to fourth H bridge arms；
Electric system mode of operation is heavily loaded pattern and when opening whole windings, and the specific method for realizing fault recovery is：
First to fourth switching tube and first to fourth H bridge arms of winding where closing fault；Improve the output electricity of other group of winding
Stream, ensure that gross output is constant.
First winding NW1, the second winding NW2 need quantity identical, but can select different groups of winding.For example, when control
System order is when be light-load mode, first to fourth switching tube corresponding to the individual first winding NW1 of control K and first and the 3rd H bridge
Arm works, first to fourth switching tube corresponding to control K the second winding NW2 and second and the 4th H bridge arms work, other around
First to fourth switching tube corresponding to group and the shut-off of H bridge arms, wherein 1≤K≤N/2；When control command is heavily loaded pattern, control
First to fourth switching tube corresponding to K processed the first winding NW1 and first and the 3rd H bridge arms work, K the second windings of control
First to fourth switching tube corresponding to NW2 and second and the 4th H bridge arms work, first to fourth switch corresponding to other windings
Pipe and the shut-off of H bridge arms, wherein N/2<K≤N.
In this case, fault recovery can also use, and individually turn off the mode of single failure winding rather than whole group winding
Carry out.When electric system mode of operation is light-load mode or electric system mode of operation is heavily loaded pattern and K<During N, if therefore
Barrier winding is the first winding (NW1), then first of winding where closing fault and the 3rd H bridge arms, and open another inoperative shape
First and the 3rd H bridge arm of the first winding of state, and corresponding first to fourth switching tube；If failure winding be second around
Group (NW2), then second of winding where closing fault and the 4th H bridge arms, and open the second winding of another off working state
Second and the 4th H bridge arm, and corresponding first to fourth switching tube；Electric system mode of operation is heavily loaded pattern and K=N
When, then first to fourth switching tube and first to fourth H bridge arms of winding where closing fault, improve the defeated of other group of winding
Go out electric current, ensure that gross output is constant.
All H bridges power outputs to be worked when control command is light-load mode are below rated power；Work as control command
All H bridges power outputs to be worked during heavily loaded pattern are more than rated power generally more than 2-3 times.
As shown in figure 5, power tube quantity and the number of phases of permanent-magnet open type winding electric machine match in H bridges group 40, in permanent magnetism
When the open winding electric machine number of phases is 6, wherein, N=3, the quantity of power tube 41 is 24, is divided into 6 H bridges.By varistructure
H bridges where each pair function identical winding, a power can be used using a power power-supply, such as winding 1W1 and 1W2
Power supply is powered, and can so save the quantity of power power-supply.Each H bridges 42 include left and right two bridge arms 45, by bridge arm 45 to open
It is left and right for battery limit (BL) point to put formula winding electric machine, each bridge arm 45 includes upper and lower each power tube 41, and each H bridges 42 share four
Power tube 41, the intermediate point of each bridge arm 45 are provided with a winding connection terminal 43, winding connection terminal 43 respectively with it is open
Two terminals of the winding of winding electric machine are connected, in addition, each H bridges 42 are additionally provided with two power supply terminals 44, respectively with control
The power switch of power supply group 60 processed is connected；
Power switch group 50 includes 12 power switch 51, just born by connecing power supply respectively with power supply two of power switch 51
Power switch forms, and is provided with and connects the power power-supply binding post 52 of power supply group 60 and connect the power supply terminal 53 of H bridges 40, work(
Rate power supply terminal 52 is connected with the dc power power supply of power supply group 60, the power supply wiring of power supply terminal 53 and H bridges 42
Terminal 44 is connected；
Power supply group 60 includes 3 dc power power supplys 61, and each dc power power supply 61 has output minus two just with output
Terminal, it is connected respectively with power power-supply binding post 52, and each dc power power supply 61 supplies left and right two bridge arms simultaneously
45, every phase winding of so open winding electric machine is by a drive control of H bridges 42, while first bridge arm on left and right both sides
45 and the 4th bridge arms 45 are also powered by same dc power power supply 61.
When needing structure changes, such as power switch 1T3 and 1T4 can be disconnected, by power tube 1Q3,1Q2,2Q3 and 2Q2
The bridge arm at place is disconnected from power power-supply 1VS, while power tube 1Q3 and 2Q3 are closed, and power tube 1Q2 and 2Q2 is normally opened,
So winding 1W1 right-hand member passes through normally opened power tube 1Q2 and 2Q2, is connected to winding 1W2 right-hand member, is so achieved that two
The series connection of individual winding, a new winding is formed, and new H bridges are formed to drive by power tube 1Q1,1Q4,2Q1 and 2Q4, this
Sample is achieved that structure changes function；Other phase windings are also similar handled.It is of course also possible to it is changed to 6 H by 3 H bridgings
Bridge drives, and operating process is the inverse process of said process.
Any 1 group of winding can be opened during light-load mode, such as opens 1W1,1W2, different groups of winding can also be opened,
Such as 1W1 is opened, 2W2；During heavily loaded pattern, any 2 groups of windings can be opened or three groups are all turned on, such as open 1W1,
1W2,2W1,2W2, or different groups of winding is opened, such as 1W1 is opened, 1W2,2W1,3W2.
Referring to Fig. 6, fault diagnosis algorithm concretely comprises the following steps：
1) each phase current that the current sensor in current acquisition module gathers in real time, at the progress square of each phase current
Reason, and adjacent biphase current square make the difference and tries to achieve the mutual residual error of each phase current；
2) to it is normal when the mutual residual error of each phase current carry out norm calculation or mathematic expectaion calculates, establish normal each phase current
Norm value table or mathematical expectation table during mutual residual error；
3) the mutual residual error of each phase current obtained to step 1) carries out norm calculation or mathematic expectaion calculates, by right in real time
Residual norm value more mutual than each phase current or mathematical expectation with it is normal when each phase current mutual residual error when norm value or mathematics phase
Prestige value, judge fault type and the particular location to break down, and realize Fault Identification and isolation.
If the electric current number of phases is odd number in step 1), the specific formula for calculation of each phase current residual error is：
If the electric current number of phases is odd number, the specific formula for calculation of each phase current residual error is：
It is according to the specific method that mathematical expectation judges fault type and position occurs in step 3)：
If the electric current number of phases is odd number,
If the electric current number of phases is even number,
Wherein m is equal to winding group number N.
Calculate the norm value of mutual residual error, failure judgement position and type, and similar judgement.
For Odd Phases winding electric machine, the fault diagnosis formula according to the norm value of mutual residual error is：
For even number phase winding motor, the fault diagnosis formula according to the norm value of mutual residual error is：
Wherein rA, b, represent that a phases and b phase current residual errors, m are equal to winding group number N.
As can be seen from the above description, the above embodiments of the present invention realize following technique effect：
According to the open winding structure changes electric system of the present invention, different duty requirements can be met, compared to electricity at a high speed
Machine+slowspeed machine+clutch configuration, can be effectively reduced motor driven systems weight and volume, and effectively improve power
Density and system effectiveness, eliminate mechanical shock and noise.
It is described above, it is only the optimal embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto,
Any one skilled in the art the invention discloses technical scope in, the change or replacement that can readily occur in,
It should all be included within the scope of the present invention.
The content not being described in detail in description of the invention belongs to the known technology of professional and technical personnel in the field.
Claims (16)
1. a kind of open winding structure changes electric system, it is characterised in that including master controller (10), varistructure driver
(20), current acquisition module and open winding electric machine (30)；
The current acquisition module gathers the electric current of each winding output of open winding electric machine (30) and is transferred to master controller
(10)；
Open winding electric machine (30) has a N group windings, and every group includes the first winding (NW1), the second winding (NW2), and wherein N >=
2；
The varistructure driver (20) include power transistor driver (22), switch driver (23), power tube group (24) and
Power switch group (25)；
Power switch group (25) includes dc power power supply (61) and 4 × N number of power switch (51)；Dc power power supply (61) has
There are positive output terminal (i_Vs) and negative output terminal (i_PGND)；4 × N number of power switch (51) includes N group first switch pipes
(NT1), second switch pipe (NT2), the 3rd switching tube (NT3) and the 4th switching tube (NT4), the first switch pipe (NT1) and
The positive output terminal (i_Vs) of the drain electrode connection dc power power supply (61) of 3rd switching tube (NT3), the second switch pipe
(NT2) negative output terminal (i_PGND) of dc power power supply (61) is connected with the source electrode of the 4th switching tube (NT4)；
Power tube group (24) includes N number of converter unit, each converter unit include the first H bridge arms ((2N-1) Q1, (2N-1) Q4),
2nd H bridge arms (2NQ1,2NQ4), the 3rd H bridge arms ((2N-1) Q3, (2N-1) Q2) and the 4th H bridge arms (2NQ3,2NQ2), each H
Bridge arm (45) includes the first power tube and the second power tube, and the source electrode of the first power tube connects the drain electrode of the second power tube, as
Winding incoming end；The source electrode of the drain electrode connection first switch pipe (NT1) of first power tube of the first H bridge arms and the 2nd H bridge arms, the
The drain electrode of the source electrode connection second switch pipe (NT2) of two power tubes, the winding incoming ends of i-th the oneth H bridge arms connect i-th the
One end of one winding, the winding incoming end of i-th of the 2nd H bridge arms connect one end of i-th of second windings；3rd H bridge arms and
The drain electrode of first power tube of four H bridge arms connects the source electrode of the 3rd switching tube (NT1), and the source electrode connection the 4th of the second power tube is opened
The drain electrode of pass pipe (NT2), the other end of winding incoming end i-th of first windings of connection of i-th of the 3rd H bridge arms, i-th the 4th
The winding incoming end of H bridge arms connects the other end of i-th of second windings, wherein 1≤i≤N；
The power transistor driver (22), according to the first work(in the control command driving power pipe group (24) of master controller transmission
Rate pipe and the second power tube；
4N power in the control command driving power switches set (25) that switch driver (23) is sent according to master controller is opened
Close (51)；
The master controller receives the electric current of each winding output, performs fault diagnosis algorithm, judges whether to break down, work as hair
During raw failure, abort situation and fault type are diagnosed to be, and by changing the driving topological structure of varistructure driver (20)
Realize fault recovery；The control command that host computer is sent is received, and control command is transmitted to power transistor driver (22) and opened
Close driver (23).
2. structure changes electric system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that varistructure driver (20) basis
Control instruction can topological structure be changed into the first winding, the second windings in series is into a phase winding, specific control method by driving：
First power tube of the 3rd H bridge arms and the 4th H bridge arms is opened, and the second power tube disconnects, or the 3rd H bridge arms and the 4th H bridge arms
The first power tube disconnect, the second power tube open；The 3rd switching tube and the 4th switching tube are disconnected, realizes two winding right-hand member strings
Connection；Or the 1 first power tube of H bridge arms and the 2nd H bridge arms open, the second power tube disconnects, or the first H bridge arms and the
First power tube of two H bridge arms is disconnected, and the second power tube is opened；Disconnect first switch pipe and second switch pipe, realize two around
Group left end series connection.
3. structure changes electric system according to claim 2, it is characterised in that realize event by changing driving topological structure
Hindering the specific method recovered is：When topological structure is drives the first winding, the second windings in series into a phase winding, closing fault
First to fourth switching tube corresponding to the winding of place and first to fourth H bridge arms；Change the output current of other group of winding
Amplitude and phase, ensure that gross output is constant.
4. structure changes electric system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the master controller receives host computer and sent
Control command also include electric system mode of operation, be divided into light-load mode or heavily loaded pattern；
When control command is light-load mode, first to fourth switching tube corresponding to 1 group to K group windings of control and first to the
Four H bridge arms work, first to fourth switching tube corresponding to other group of winding and the shut-off of first to fourth H bridge arms, 1≤K≤(N/
2)；
When control command is heavily loaded pattern, first to fourth switching tube and first to fourth H bridges corresponding to K group windings are controlled
Arm works, first to fourth switching tube corresponding to other group of winding and the shut-off of first to fourth H bridge arms, (N/2)<K≤N.
5. structure changes electric system according to claim 4, it is characterised in that realize event by changing driving topological structure
Hindering the specific method recovered is：
Electric system mode of operation is light-load mode or electric system mode of operation is heavily loaded pattern and is not turned on whole windings
When, first to fourth switching tube and first to fourth H bridge arms of winding where closing fault, and open another group of inoperative shape
First to fourth switching tube of the winding of state and first to fourth H bridge arms；
When electric system mode of operation is heavily loaded pattern and unlatching whole windings, the first to fourth of winding is opened where closing fault
Pipe and first to fourth H bridge arms are closed, improves the output current of other group of winding, ensures that gross output is constant.
6. structure changes electric system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the master controller receives host computer and sent
Control command also include electric system mode of operation, be divided into light-load mode or heavily loaded pattern；
When control command is light-load mode, first to fourth switching tube and first corresponding to K the first windings (NW1) of control
Worked with the 3rd H bridge arms, first to fourth switching tube corresponding to control K the second windings (NW1) and second and the 4th H bridge arm
Work, first to fourth switching tube corresponding to other windings and the shut-off of H bridge arms, wherein 1≤K≤(N/2)；
When control command is heavily loaded pattern, first to fourth switching tube and first corresponding to K the first windings (NW1) of control
Worked with the 3rd H bridge arms, first to fourth switching tube corresponding to control K the second windings (NW1) and second and the 4th H bridge arm
Work, first to fourth switching tube corresponding to other windings and the shut-off of H bridge arms, wherein (N/2)<K≤N.
7. the structure changes electric system according to claim 4 or 6, it is characterised in that when control command is light-load mode
All H bridges power outputs of work is below rated power；All H bridges output works to be worked when control command is heavily loaded pattern
Rate is more than 2 times or more than 3 times of rated power.
8. structure changes electric system according to claim 6, it is characterised in that realize event by changing driving topological structure
Hindering the specific method recovered is：
When electric system mode of operation is light-load mode or electric system mode of operation is heavily loaded pattern and K<During N, if therefore
Barrier winding is the first winding (NW1), then first of winding where closing fault and the 3rd H bridge arms, and open another inoperative shape
First and the 3rd H bridge arm of the first winding of state, and corresponding first to fourth switching tube；If failure winding be second around
Group (NW2), then second of winding where closing fault and the 4th H bridge arms, and open the second winding of another off working state
Second and the 4th H bridge arm, and corresponding first to fourth switching tube；
When electric system mode of operation is heavily loaded pattern and K=N, then first to fourth switching tube of winding where closing fault with
And first to fourth H bridge arm, the output current of other group of winding is improved, ensures that gross output is constant.
9. structure changes electric system according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that the varistructure driver (20)
Also include overcurrent protection module and programmable logic controller (PLC), programmable logic controller (PLC) receives the control life that master controller is sent
Make and be sent to H bridge arms (45) and power switch group (25)；It is every that the current acquisition module gathers open winding electric machine (30)
The electric current of phase winding output is also transmitted to the overcurrent protection module of varistructure driver (20), when certain phase some winding output
When electric current exceedes setting electric current threshold value, overcurrent protection module exports the over-current signal of the winding to programmable logic controller (PLC),
The winding of branch road where closing fault connects first to fourth H bridge arms, and the winding connection power of branch road where closing fault is opened
Close (51).
10. structure changes electric system according to claim 9, it is characterised in that the varistructure driver (20) is also
Including overtemperature protection module, overtemperature protection module gathers the temperature of open winding electric machine (30) per phase winding, when certain mutually some
When the temperature of winding output exceedes design temperature threshold value, overtemperature protection module exports the heat alarm of the phase winding to programmable
Logic controller, the winding of branch road where closing fault connect first to fourth H bridge arms, and the winding of branch road where closing fault
Connect power switch (51).
11. structure changes electric system according to claim 10, it is characterised in that the current threshold is that winding is specified defeated
2-5 times of the current value gone out；The temperature threshold is 150 °~200 °.
12. structure changes electric system according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that fault diagnosis algorithm specific steps
For：
1) each phase current that current sensor gathers in real time, each phase current is subjected to a square processing, and adjacent biphase current is put down
Fang Jinhang, which makes the difference, tries to achieve the mutual residual error of each phase current；
2) to it is normal when the mutual residual error of each phase current carry out norm calculation or mathematic expectaion calculates, it is mutual to establish normal each phase current
Norm value table or mathematical expectation table during residual error；
3) the mutual residual error of each phase current obtained to step 1) carries out norm calculation or mathematic expectaion calculates, each by real time contrast
The mutual residual norm value of phase current or mathematical expectation with it is normal when each phase current mutual residual error when norm value or mathematical expectation,
Judge fault type and the particular location to break down, and realize Fault Identification and isolation.
13. structure changes electric system according to claim 12, it is characterised in that
It is according to the specific method that mathematical expectation judges fault type and position occurs：
If the electric current number of phases is odd number,
If the electric current number of phases is even number,
Wherein rA, b, represent that a phases and b phase current residual errors, m are equal to winding group number N.
14. structure changes electric system according to claim 12, it is characterised in that according to norm value judge fault type and
Occur position specific method be：
If the electric current number of phases is odd number,
If the electric current number of phases is even number,
Wherein rA, b, represent that a phases and b phase current residual errors, m are equal to winding group number N.
15. structure changes electric system according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that
The master controller (10) includes the first control unit and the second control unit, first control unit and the second control
Unit is mutually redundant backup.
16. structure changes electric system according to claim 2, it is characterised in that when needing low-speed big to export, institute
State varistructure driver (20) according to control instruction by topological structure be changed into the first winding and the second windings in series into a phase around
Group.
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| US8604655B1 (en) * | 2012-09-25 | 2013-12-10 | Electro-Mariner Corp. | Multi-phase permanent magnet brushless DC electric motor |
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| US8604655B1 (en) * | 2012-09-25 | 2013-12-10 | Electro-Mariner Corp. | Multi-phase permanent magnet brushless DC electric motor |
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