CN105606791A - Device and method for testing segregation degree of cement stabilized macadam - Google Patents
Device and method for testing segregation degree of cement stabilized macadam Download PDFInfo
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- CN105606791A CN105606791A CN201511000036.0A CN201511000036A CN105606791A CN 105606791 A CN105606791 A CN 105606791A CN 201511000036 A CN201511000036 A CN 201511000036A CN 105606791 A CN105606791 A CN 105606791A
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- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000205 computational method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011384 asphalt concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/38—Concrete; Lime; Mortar; Gypsum; Bricks; Ceramics; Glass
- G01N33/383—Concrete or cement
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- Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for testing a segregation degree of cement stabilized macadam. The device is characterized by comprising a cylinder (1), wherein a hopper (2) is placed at the top of the cylinder (1); a cone (3) is arranged in the middle, which is below a discharge hole of the hopper (2), of the cylinder (1); the pointed end of the cone (3) is upward; a falling platform (4) is arranged at the bottom of the cylinder (1); the falling platform (4) is concentrically provided with an internal-ring internal wall (7) and a lifting internal-ring external wall (5); the diameter of the internal-ring internal wall (7), the diameter of the bottom surface of the cone (3) and the diameter of the discharge hole of the hopper (2) are all the same. By using the device and the method for testing the segregation degree of the cement stabilized macadam, which are provided by the invention, the segregation degree of the cement stabilized macadam is evaluated; the generation of an excessively segregated material is prevented; the preventative evaluation is carried out on a gradation when the gradation of the cement stabilized macadam is selected; the latent analysis and the preventative research of segregation are carried out on the cement stabilized macadam when the construction is not implemented.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the device and method of a kind of test water cement-stabilizing broken stone segregation degree, belong to compound andThe easily test and evaluation technical field of property.
Background technology
Along with the continuous progress of communications and transportation cause, the highway construction cause of China has obtained significant progress,To the end of the year 2015, the national highway total kilometrage that is open to traffic will reach 120,000 kilometers. What be open to the trafficIn high-grade highway, asphalt concrete pavement has accounted for most ratios. And cement stabilized macadam conductThe semi-rigid type base of bituminous paving, has that bulk strength is high, plate body and a good endurance, with low cost, justBe widely used in advantages such as constructions. But, at production, mix, transport and the stand of cement stabilized macadamIn paving process, exist many extraneous factors, wherein have the greatest impact with the segregation of compound. Thin collection after segregationExpect that concentrated region does not reach designing requirement, after open to traffic, under long-term vehicle-mounted fatigue effect, first send outRaw destruction; The rubble nest that the concentrated place of coarse aggregate is commonly called as, forms loose shape because it does not have cementing material,It is the formation of crack of the steady structural deterioration of water. Some road construction departments are that the segregation that reduces cement stabilized macadam is takedSeveral important means, mainly comprise: (1) selects a material even as far as possible, stable, reserves are abundantStock ground feed. (2) gathering materials of different size should stack respectively. (3) feed hopper of increase raw material. (4)When dumper connects material under mixer, should adjust charging position, can not connect material fixed position. Although taked thisSeries of measures, but segregation or existence. Therefore, be necessary the segregation degree of cement stabilized macadam to enterRow is judged.
The research of segregation is mainly concentrated on to evaluation aspect both at home and abroad at present, main method has: (1) visionObservation:, according to the apparent situation on road surface and investigator's the experience method detecting of emanating, be a kind ofSubjective method of discrimination, the degree evaluation standard of significantly not emanating. (2) construction depth method: Pavement SegregationThe superficial makings in region and non-isolated region has obvious variation, can measure by sand patch method the structure on road surfaceMake the degree of depth, evaluation Pavement Segregation degree, but be only suitable for built road surface. (3) so-called original position densimetry isZhi road table does not carry out core boring sampling and directly tests road surface density, according to the situation of change of road surface density differentiate fromThe occurrence degree of analysing. But its prerequisite is the pass that will determine between density and the non-isolated place of segregation place compoundSystem, difficulty is larger. So aspect ground surface material segregation, only having the use of construction depth method wider at present, butBe that these are all the research of after highway engineering construction finishes, it being done, there is no a solid methodSelecting level timing to carry out preventative evaluation to grating, be also must although it is evaluated after engineering finishesIndispensable, but engineering complete after, the wood is already made into a boat, oneself is through revising on a large scale it, soIn potentiality analysis and preventative research that not yet construction emanates to it, just seem and be even more important. ThisInvention can be carried out preventative evaluation to the segregation degree of cement stabilized macadam, and therefore the present invention mustFew.
In sum, the shadow of segregation road pavement basic unit packing, bulk strength and the stability aspect of compoundSound is huge. Can test the device and method of segregation degree but go back at present neither one, therefore, this waterThe invention of cement-stabilizing broken stone segregation device and method will have tremendous influence to later road construction.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of segregation degree to cement stabilized macadam to carry outEvaluate, prevent the excessively device of the test water cement-stabilizing broken stone segregation degree of the generation of segregation material; Further,The invention provides a kind of cement stabilized macadam selecting a level timing grating to be carried out to preventative evaluation, not yetThe potentiality analysis that construction emanates to it and the test water cement-stabilizing broken stone of preventative research segregation journeyThe method of degree.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
The device of test water cement-stabilizing broken stone segregation degree, is characterized in that, comprising: cylinder, described cylinderTop is placed with hopper, and the described cylinder middle part of the discharging opening below of described hopper is provided with circular cone, described circleUpward, the bottom of described cylinder is whereabouts platform at cone tip, and on the platform of described whereabouts, concentric type is provided with interior ringThe endocyclic outer wall of inwall and lift, the bottom surface diameter of the diameter of described interior ring inwall, described circular cone with described inThe discharging opening diameter of hopper is all identical, and described cylinder, interior ring inwall, endocyclic outer wall, circular cone and hopperAxis coincide; The height of described hopper, the discharging opening of described hopper are vertical to described conical tipDistance, the height of described circular cone, described circular cone bottom surface to the vertical range on described interior ring inwall top and described inThe height of interior ring inwall is all identical.
The intake port of described hopper is identical with the diameter of described cylinder.
The discharging opening place of described hopper is provided with the pad for opening and closing described discharging opening, the described pad side of beingShape, the described square length of side is identical with the diameter of described discharging opening.
Described square one end is connected with handle, and described handle passes the sidewall of described cylinder and is L-type.
Some thin iron bars of underrun of described circular cone are welded on described cylinder.
The bottom of described cylinder is supported with four legs, and the height of described leg is greater than the height of described endocyclic outer wall.
Between ring width, described endocyclic outer wall and described cylinder inner wall between described interior ring inwall and endocyclic outer wallRing width identical; Space between described interior ring inwall and endocyclic outer wall is interior ring, described endocyclic outer wall and instituteThe space of stating between cylinder inner wall is outer shroud.
The ring width of described interior ring and outer shroud is identical.
1/4 part of described interior ring and outer shroud bottom is all rotatable.
The method that adopts the device of test water cement-stabilizing broken stone segregation degree, is characterized in that: comprise following stepRapid:
Step 1: get appropriate cement stabilized macadam to be measured and pack in described hopper, fall described endocyclic outer wallMake it mutually concordant with described whereabouts platform, pull open described pad blanking, after blanking completes, rise described interior ringOuter wall, takes out the material at described interior ring and two positions of outer shroud respectively and packs in disk, obtain interior ring compound andOuter shroud compound;
Step 2: described interior ring compound and outer shroud compound are put into respectively to the sieve that aperture is 0.3mmSieve, oversize is cleaned and is dried with clear water, obtains interior ring and dries material and outer shroud oven dry material;
Step 3: get respectively interior ring and dry material and outer shroud oven dry material, cross successively a prescription hole sizer and sieve,By making, the curve map of square hole screen screen size and percent of pass obtains respectively interior ring oven dry material and outer shroud is driedThe grading curve of material, calculating grating deviate S judges the segregation degree of cement stabilized macadam, computing formulaFor:
S＝0.02S0+0.05S1+0.09S2+0.21S3+0.13S4+0.07S5+0.18S6+0.25S7(1)
In formula (1), S0、S1、S2、S3、S4、S5、S6、S7Represent respectively described interior ring compound andOuter shroud compound by screen size be 1.18mm, 2.36mm, 4.75mm, 9.50mm, 16.0mm,The percent of pass of 19.0mm, 26.5mm, 31.5mm poor;
Criterion is: in the time of S < 10%, without segregation; When 10% < S < 20%, slightly segregation; 20% < S < 35%Time, moderate segregation; S > 35% time, seriously segregation.
The grading curve that described interior ring is dried material and outer shroud oven dry material is to draw on a figure simultaneously.
The aperture of a described prescription hole sizer becomes greatly successively, for 1.18mm, 2.36mm, 4.75mm, 9.50mm,16.0mm、19.0mm、26.5mm、31.5mm。
This device is by the distribution situation that in Simulated Water cement-stabilizing broken stone discharging process, thickness is gathered materials, according to gratingUneven degree represents the segregation degree of cement stabilized macadam. The present invention can judge cement stabilizing accuratelyThe segregation degree of rubble in work progress.
Compared with prior art, its beneficial effect is in the present invention: (1) simulation hopper blanking process, Ke YidingThe calculating grating deviate S of amount, the degree of accuracy is higher. (2) the segregation degree of evaluation cement stabilized macadam moreThere is accuracy and convincingness, overcome the subjectivity of human eye observation.
Figure of description
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is structural representation when endocyclic outer wall rises in the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of platform of falling in the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the syndeton schematic diagram of circular cone and cylinder in the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of Intermediate gasket of the present invention;
Fig. 6 be in the present invention in ring and the grading curve figure of outer shroud.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is further described.
As shown in Fig. 1～Fig. 6, the device of test water cement-stabilizing broken stone segregation degree: this device outside isIndividual diameter is 50cm, and height is the cylinder 1 of 100cm, and the bottom of cylinder 1 is supported with four legs. Cylinder 1The first half placed a hopper 2, a circular cone 3 has been welded in middle part, the latter half is oneCollect the whereabouts platform 4 of the annular of cement stabilized macadam.
The upper and lower diameter of hopper 2 is respectively 50cm, 20cm, high 20cm, and hopper 2 bottoms are flat to fallingThe distance of platform 4 is 80cm, and the foursquare pad 6 that the length of side is 20cm is equipped with in hopper 2 bottoms, as Fig. 5Shown in.
Bottom surface circular diameter is that the circular cone 3 of 20cm, high 20cm faces hopper 2 bottoms, and circular cone 3 bottoms are arrivedThe distance of hopper 2 bottoms is 40cm, and 3 ends of circular cone are welded on cylinder 1, as Fig. 4 by four thin iron barsShown in.
Whereabouts platform 4 is annulars, is divided into 9 two positions of interior ring 8 and outer shroud, interior ring 8 and outer shroud 9Ring width be 0.75m, the high 0.2m of endocyclic outer wall 5, liftable, is convenient to mixed by interior ring 8 and outer shroud 9Close material separately. When Fig. 2 is endocyclic outer wall 5 and goes up, the front view of device.
The interior ring 8 of whereabouts platform 4 and outer shroud 9 bottoms 1/4 rotatable, as shown in Figure 3, is convenient to obtainThe cement stabilized macadam material of interior ring 8 and outer shroud 9.
The method of test water cement-stabilizing broken stone segregation degree, is characterized in that comprising following steps:
Step 1: get 7kg cement stabilized macadam to be measured and pack in hopper 2, hopper 2 and whereabouts platform 4Between distance be 0.8m. Extract hopper 2 lower gasket 6, make compound freely falling body. When blanking completesTime, interior whereabouts platform 4 ring 8 is taken out respectively and packed in disk with the material at 9 two positions of outer shroud;
Step 2: first interior whereabouts platform 4 ring 8 and the compound at 9 two positions of outer shroud are put into respectively to apertureIn sieve for 0.3mm, sieve, then cleaned and dry with clear water;
Step 3: get the oven dry material at two positions, employing screen size be 31.5mm, 26.5mm, 19.0mm,A prescription hole sizer of 16.0mm, 9.50mm, 4.75mm, 2.36mm, 1.18mm sieves, and passes throughThe curve map of making screen size (mm) and percent of pass (%) obtains the grading curve at two positions, meterCalculate Gradation deviation value S and judge its segregation degree. The relation of screen size and Gradation deviation value is as shown in table 1.
The relation of table 1 screen size and Gradation deviation value
| Screen size (mm) | 1.18 | 2.36 | 4.75 | 9.5 | 16.0 | 19.0 | 26.5 | 31.6 |
| Gradation deviation value (%) | S0 | S1 | S2 | S3 | S4 | S5 | S6 | S7 |
S＝0.02S0+0.05S1+0.09S2+0.21S3+0.13S4+0.07S5+0.18S6+0.25S7
The computational methods of percent of pass are as shown in table 2.
The computational methods of table 2 percent of pass
Wherein, G0、G1、G2、G3、G4、G5、G6、G7Represent the quality of passing through on each sieve; GRepresent the gross mass of gathering materials; a0、a1、a2、a3、a4、a5、a6、a7Represent the percent of pass on each sieve.
Criterion is: in the time of S < 10%, without segregation; When 10% < S < 20%, slightly segregation; 20% < S < 35%Time, moderate segregation; S > 35% time, seriously segregation.
In step 1, its whereabouts platform 4 is annulars. Extract hopper 2 lower gasket 6, make compoundFreely falling body. In the time that hopper 2 completes blanking, the circular outer wall of interior ring 8 outsides is gone up so that in obtainingEncircle the compound at 8 positions, then the compound at outer shroud 9 positions is collected in disk. Meanwhile, in hopper 2Cement stabilized macadam material should be can not be too much, the quality of desirable compound is 7kg.
Gathering materials while flushing of step 2, note being placed on gathering materials the square hole dillying of 0.3mm.
Step 3 drawing when grading curve, should on a figure, draw out 9 of interior ring 8 and outer shrouds simultaneouslyThe aggregate grading of position, and make comparisons.
The segregation degree of cement stabilized macadam by this device to test certain mass in work progress, simpleJoin with segregation after grating as shown in table 3, and make the level figure at interior ring 8 and outer shroud 9 positions, as Fig. 6Shown in.
Grating value before and after table 3 segregation
| Specification (mm) | 37.5 | 31.5 | 26.5 | 19.0 | 16.0 | 9.5 | 4.75 | 2.36 | 1.18 |
| Former grating (%) | 100 | 94.5 | 91 | 77 | 65 | 48 | 27 | 22 | 11.5 |
| Interior ring (%) | 100 | 99 | 97 | 84 | 75 | 60 | 40 | 33 | 18 |
| Outer shroud (%) | 100 | 90 | 85 | 70 | 55 | 36 | 14 | 11 | 5 |
S＝0.02S0+0.05S1+0.09S2+0.21S3+0.13S4+0.07S5+0.18S6+0.25S7＝(18％-5％)×0.02+(33％-11％)×0.05+(40％-14％)×0.09+(60％-36％)×0.21+(77％-55％)×0.13+(84％-70％)×0.07+(97％-85％)×0.18+(99％-90％)×0.25＝16.99％
Because 10% < S=16.99% < 20%, so the segregation degree of this cement stabilized macadam is slight segregation.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, is noted that common for the artTechnical staff, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, can also make some improvements and modifications,These improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. the device of test water cement-stabilizing broken stone segregation degree, is characterized in that, comprising: cylinder (1),Described cylinder (1) top is placed with hopper (2), the described cylinder of the discharging opening below of described hopper (2)(1) middle part is provided with circular cone (3), described circular cone (3) tip upward, the bottom of described cylinder (1)For whereabouts platform (4), the upper concentric type of described whereabouts platform (4) is provided with interior ring inwall (7) and liftEndocyclic outer wall (5), bottom surface diameter and the institute of the diameter of described interior ring inwall (7), described circular cone (3)The discharging opening diameter of stating hopper (2) is all identical, and described cylinder (1), interior ring inwall (7), interior ringThe axis of outer wall (5), circular cone (3) and hopper (2) coincides; The height of described hopper (2),The discharging opening of described hopper (2) is to the most advanced and sophisticated vertical range of described circular cone (3), described circular cone (3)Highly, described circular cone (3) bottom surface is to the vertical range and described interior ring on described interior ring inwall (7) topThe height of wall (7) is all identical.
2. the device of test water cement-stabilizing broken stone segregation degree according to claim 1, its feature existsIn: the intake port of described hopper (2) is identical with the diameter of described cylinder (1).
3. the device of test water cement-stabilizing broken stone segregation degree according to claim 1, its feature existsIn: the discharging opening place of described hopper (2) is provided with the pad (6) for opening and closing described discharging opening, described inPad (6) is square, and the described square length of side is identical with the diameter of described discharging opening.
4. the device of test water cement-stabilizing broken stone segregation degree according to claim 1, its feature existsIn: some thin iron bars of underrun of described circular cone (3) are welded on described cylinder (1).
5. the device of test water cement-stabilizing broken stone segregation degree according to claim 1, its feature existsIn: the bottom of described cylinder (1) is supported with four legs, and the height of described leg is greater than described endocyclic outer wall (5)Height.
6. the device of test water cement-stabilizing broken stone segregation degree according to claim 1, its feature existsIn: ring width between described interior ring inwall (7) and endocyclic outer wall (5), described endocyclic outer wall (5) andRing width between described cylinder (1) inwall is identical; Described interior ring inwall (7) and endocyclic outer wall (5) itBetween space be interior ring (8), the space between described endocyclic outer wall (5) and described cylinder (1) inwall isOuter shroud (9).
7. the device of test water cement-stabilizing broken stone segregation degree according to claim 6, its feature existsIn: described interior ring (8) is all rotatable with 1/4 part of outer shroud (9) bottom.
8. adopt the device of the test water cement-stabilizing broken stone segregation degree described in claim 1～7 any oneMethod, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
Step 1: get appropriate cement stabilized macadam to be measured and pack in described hopper (2), fall described inRing outer wall (5) makes it mutually concordant with described whereabouts platform (4), pulls open described pad (6) blanking, underAfter having expected, rise described endocyclic outer wall (5), by described interior ring (8) and (9) two positions of outer shroudMaterial takes out and packs in disk respectively, obtains interior ring compound and outer shroud compound;
Step 2: described interior ring compound and outer shroud compound are put into respectively to the sieve that aperture is 0.3mmSieve, oversize is cleaned and is dried with clear water, obtains interior ring and dries material and outer shroud oven dry material;
Step 3: get respectively interior ring and dry material and outer shroud oven dry material, cross successively a prescription hole sizer and sieve,By making, the curve map of square hole screen screen size and percent of pass obtains respectively interior ring oven dry material and outer shroud is driedThe grading curve of material, calculating grating deviate S judges the segregation degree of cement stabilized macadam, computing formulaFor:
S＝0.02S0+0.05S1+0.09S2+0.21S3+0.13S4+0.07S5+0.18S6+0.25S7(1)
In formula (1), S0、S1、S2、S3、S4、S5、S6、S7Represent respectively described interior ring compound andOuter shroud compound by screen size be 1.18mm, 2.36mm, 4.75mm, 9.50mm, 16.0mm,The percent of pass of 19.0mm, 26.5mm, 31.5mm poor;
Criterion is: in the time of S < 10%, without segregation; When 10% < S < 20%, slightly segregation; 20% < S < 35%Time, moderate segregation; S > 35% time, seriously segregation.
9. the method for test water cement-stabilizing broken stone segregation degree according to claim 8, its feature existsIn: the grading curve that described interior ring is dried material and outer shroud oven dry material is to draw on a figure simultaneously.
10. the method for test water cement-stabilizing broken stone segregation degree according to claim 8, its feature existsIn: the aperture of a described prescription hole sizer becomes greatly successively, for 1.18mm, 2.36mm, 4.75mm, 9.50mm,16.0mm、19.0mm、26.5mm、31.5mm。
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| CN108982820A (en) * | 2018-07-19 | 2018-12-11 | 北京工业大学 | A kind of device and method of construction site detection concrete disintegration rate and stability |
| CN109459353A (en) * | 2018-12-24 | 2019-03-12 | 长安大学 | It is a kind of for evaluating the detection device and its detection method of grain material isolation degree |
| CN111619837A (en) * | 2019-02-27 | 2020-09-04 | 长沙理工大学 | Even feed divider of cement stable material |
| CN113049792A (en) * | 2021-03-18 | 2021-06-29 | 广西交科集团有限公司 | Indoor simulation device for segregation degree of asphalt mixture and using method thereof |
| CN115754247A (en) * | 2022-12-10 | 2023-03-07 | 蚌埠中光电科技有限公司 | Quartz sand looseness detection method and evaluation device |
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| CN108982820A (en) * | 2018-07-19 | 2018-12-11 | 北京工业大学 | A kind of device and method of construction site detection concrete disintegration rate and stability |
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| CN113049792A (en) * | 2021-03-18 | 2021-06-29 | 广西交科集团有限公司 | Indoor simulation device for segregation degree of asphalt mixture and using method thereof |
| CN115754247A (en) * | 2022-12-10 | 2023-03-07 | 蚌埠中光电科技有限公司 | Quartz sand looseness detection method and evaluation device |
| CN115754247B (en) * | 2022-12-10 | 2024-08-13 | 蚌埠中光电科技有限公司 | Quartz sand looseness detection method and evaluation device |
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