CN105606570A - System for measuring transmission rate of liquid adherent boundary layer under effect of external electric field - Google Patents
System for measuring transmission rate of liquid adherent boundary layer under effect of external electric field Download PDFInfo
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- CN105606570A CN105606570A CN201610012769.4A CN201610012769A CN105606570A CN 105606570 A CN105606570 A CN 105606570A CN 201610012769 A CN201610012769 A CN 201610012769A CN 105606570 A CN105606570 A CN 105606570A
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- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 94
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 title abstract description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 title abstract description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical group [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001632 barium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001634 calcium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 21
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005518 electrochemistry Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011344 liquid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004377 microelectronic Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011859 microparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001931 thermography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/59—Transmissivity
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/01—Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
- G01N21/03—Cuvette constructions
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- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a system for measuring the transmission rate of a liquid adherent boundary layer under the effect of an external electric field. The system comprises an incident light source, a sample groove, a power source and a measuring unit. The sample groove comprises a base and two electrode plates. The two sides of the base protrude upwards, so that the base is provided with a concave cross section. The electrode plates are arranged at the two ends of the base respectively. Each electrode plate is of a boss structure and comprises an electrode plate body perpendicular to the base and a horizontal protrusion arranged at the side edge of the electrode plate body, wherein the horizontal protrusion is matched with a concave cavity in the end of the base in shape. The two electrode plates are connected with the positive pole and the negative pole of the power source respectively and used for generating the electric field. Incident light generated by the incident light source enters in the direction perpendicular to the liquid level of liquid and the electric field from the positions, close to the electrode plates, of the liquid boundary layer. The measuring unit is located on a light path of the incident light. The system can achieve the effect of measuring the transmission rate in the electrorheological fluid/ionic liquid boundary layer under the effect of the external electric field.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of measurement of micro-scale physical property parameters, in particular to a system for measuring the transmittance of a liquid adherence boundary layer under the action of an external electric field.
Background
The background of the related art of the present invention will be described below, but the description does not necessarily constitute the prior art of the present invention.
At present, the apparatus for inspecting the transmittance of a sample of a minute ruler is mainly a microscope. Among them, the infrared band is much more complicated to measure than the visible band due to its invisibility. Infrared microscopes are currently commonly used in the fields of electronic equipment detection failure prevention, infrared thermal imaging, microelectronic chip circuit reliability analysis, and the like, and are mainly used for measuring micro or microscale solid sample pieces, such as: measuring micro particles and micro pollutants, measuring multi-layer polymers with different components, detecting semiconductor devices, integrated circuits, printed circuit boards and the like.
Theoretical researches show that the transmittance in the ionic liquid boundary layer can be greatly changed after an electric field is applied, and from the academic point of view, researches are clear to show that the light transmission behavior in the boundary layer, particularly the change of the transmittance of the liquid boundary layer along with the change of an external voltage under the condition of accurately measuring the electricity, has great promotion effect on the development of basic subject fields such as electrochemistry and the like. The infrared microscope is undoubtedly suitable for the testing mechanism, however, a series of problems need to be solved, and the sample tank and the experimental system to be tested need to be redesigned, for example, the material to be tested is often directly made into a slide sample or directly placed on a stage for measurement by using the infrared/visible microscope, which is a method that is inherently feasible for solid materials, but for liquid materials, because the stage lacks related equipment such as a container for holding liquid, special processing is needed for measuring the liquid micro-scale transmittance, so that the sample piece is suitable for micro-area measurement. In addition, since the microscope stage is usually open rather than closed, and is often susceptible to some influences such as external stray light, if the substance to be measured has strong absorption to light or under the condition of multi-frequency signal input, the measurement result is inaccurate. In the actual use process of the infrared microscope, if the thickness of the liquid to be measured is unknown or the thickness of the liquid layer to be measured is not uniform, the microscope cannot focus at the same position during focusing, so that the light transmission intensity of incident light is different during each measurement, measurement errors are caused by the above factors, and the transmittance of the liquid to be measured cannot be accurately obtained. The relevant discussion of the patents or documents which are published at present is not found.
Therefore, a technical solution capable of accurately measuring the micro-scale transmittance of the liquid under the action of the external electric field is needed in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a system for measuring the transmissivity of a liquid adherence boundary layer under the action of an external electric field, which can solve the problem of the transmissivity measurement in an electrorheological liquid/ionic liquid adherence boundary layer under the action of the external electric field.
The system for measuring the transmittance of the liquid adherent boundary layer under the action of the external electric field comprises: the device comprises an incident light source, a sample groove, a power supply and a measuring unit; wherein,
the sample cell includes: a base and two electrode plates; the two sides of the base are upwards protruded, so that the base has a concave cross section; two ends of the base are respectively provided with an electrode plate; the electrode plate is ""type boss structure includes: electrode plate main perpendicular to baseThe body and the horizontal projection are arranged on the side edge of the electrode plate main body; the horizontal bulge is matched with the concave cavity at the end part of the base in shape; the two electrode plates are respectively connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of a power supply and used for generating an electric field;
the incident light generated by the incident light source is incident from the position of the liquid boundary layer close to the electrode plate along the direction vertical to the liquid level of the liquid and the electric field;
the measuring unit is positioned on the light path of the incident light and used for receiving the light signal emitted from the sample groove and analyzing and acquiring the transmissivity of the liquid adherence boundary layer under the action of an external electric field.
Preferably, the protrusion length l of the horizontal projection in the horizontal direction satisfies the following relationship:
l＝1.25/d
where μ is the viscosity of the liquid in the sample cell in units of: pa · s; ρ is the density of the liquid in the sample cell, in units of: g/cm3(ii) a L is the distance between two electrode plates, and the unit is: cm; e is the electric field strength, in units: v/m.
Preferably, the sample cell further comprises a cover plate; the thickness of the horizontal protrusion of the electrode plate in the vertical direction is equal to the protrusion height of the side edge of the base, the upper surface of the horizontal protrusion and the upper surface of the side edge protrusion of the base are in the same plane, and the cover plate covers the side edge protrusion of the base and the horizontal protrusion.
Preferably, the surface of the cover plate which is in contact with the liquid is plated with chrome and is provided with a focusing mark for serving as a reference for position adjustment during focusing.
Preferably, the cover plate has a thickness of no more than 3 mm.
Preferably, the material of the bottom plate and/or the cover plate is: CaF2Or BaF2。
Preferably, the electrode plate is titanium or niobium with a platinum-plated surface.
Preferably, the parallelism between the two electrode plates and the parallelism between the cover plate and the bottom plate are not more than 0.5%; the processing roughness of the electrode plate is less than Ra1.6; the smooth finish of the bottom plate and the cover plate is 60-40, the number of the apertures is 3, the parallelism is not more than 0.5 percent, and no bubble or scattering particles exist in the bottom plate and the cover plate.
Preferably, the thickness of the horizontal projection in the vertical direction does not exceed 3 mm.
Preferably, the measuring system according to the invention further comprises a chopper and two lock-in amplifiers;
the chopper is arranged between the incident light source and the sample tank and is used for intercepting wavelength signals of specific frequency; two phase-locked amplifiers are arranged between the sample cell and the measuring unit and used for eliminating the influence caused by the modulation frequency of the chopper and the frequency change of the alternating current and amplifying the optical signal emitted from the sample cell.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
(1) the two ends of the sample cell base are respectively provided with an electrode plate connected with the anode and the cathode of a power supply, so that an electric field can be increased for the liquid in the sample cell, and the change of the refractive index of the liquid under the action of an external electric field can be measured;
(2) two sides of the base are protruded upwards, and the electrode plate is designed "A "shaped boss structure such that the horizontal projection is engaged withThe concave cavity at the end part of the base is matched in shape, so that the thickness of liquid in the sample tank can be accurately obtained, and the accuracy of a measuring structure is improved;
(3) the thickness of the horizontal bulge of the electrode plate in the vertical direction is equal to the height of the bulge on the side edge of the base, the upper surface of the horizontal bulge and the upper surface of the bulge on the side edge of the base are in the same plane, and a cover plate covers the bulge on the side edge of the base and the horizontal bulge, so that the problem of uneven liquid level caused by the surface tension of the liquid can be avoided;
(4) a chopper is arranged between the incident light source and the sample tank, and wavelength signals with specific frequency can be intercepted to be used as the incident light source; two phase-locked amplifiers are arranged between the sample tank and the measuring unit, so that the influence caused by the change of the modulation frequency and the alternating current frequency of the chopper can be eliminated, and the optical signal emitted from the sample tank can be amplified, so that the situation that the refractive index of the liquid cannot be obtained or cannot be accurately analyzed due to the fact that the optical signal emitted from the sample tank is too weak is avoided.
Drawings
The features and advantages of the present invention will become more readily appreciated from the detailed description section provided below with reference to the drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system for measuring the transmittance of a liquid adherent boundary layer under the action of an external electric field according to the present invention;
FIG. 2a is a front view of a sample well base according to the present invention, FIG. 2b is a top view of a sample well base according to the present invention, and FIG. 2c is a left side view of a sample well base according to the present invention;
fig. 3a is a front view of a sample cell electrode plate according to the present invention, fig. 3b is a top view of a sample cell electrode plate according to the present invention, and fig. 3c is a left side view of a sample cell electrode plate according to the present invention;
FIGS. 4a-4e are schematic diagrams illustrating the relationship between the parallelism of two electrode plates and the uniformity of the electric field according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart for measuring liquid adherent surface layer transmittance using the measurement system of the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The description of the exemplary embodiments is for purposes of illustration only and is not intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses.
Referring to fig. 1, the system for measuring the transmittance of a liquid adherent boundary layer under the action of an external electric field according to the present invention comprises: an incident light source 10, a sample cell 20, a power supply 30, and a measurement unit 40. The invention adopts a sample tank to contain liquid to be measured, and the sample tank 20 comprises: a base 21 and two electrode plates 22. Wherein, two sides of the base 21 are raised upwards, so that the base 21 has a concave cross section; an electrode plate 22 is disposed at each end of the base 21. Figure 2a is a front view of a sample cell base according to the present invention, figure 2b is a top view of a sample cell base according to the present invention, and figure 2c is a left side view of a sample cell base according to the present invention. The two protrusions at the two sides of the base 21 and the two electrode plates at the two ends of the base form four sides of the sample cell 20, and the semi-closed structure formed by the four sides can be used for containing liquid to be measured. Due to the absorption of the sample cell 20 on the optical signal, the optical signal is weakened after passing through the sample cell 20, and if the optical signal emitted from the sample cell 20 is too weak, the measurement unit 40 is prone to fail to accurately analyze the refractive index of the liquid in the sample cell 20 according to the weak optical signal, and even the measurement unit 40 cannot acquire the optical signal. To avoid this, the transmittance of the sample well 20 for the optical signal in the specified wavelength range may be set to not less than a certain threshold, such as 90%. Preferably, in order to facilitate the transmission of optical signals, the material of the bottom plate 21 may be CaF2Or BaF2。
The electrode plate 22 is ""type boss structure includes: an electrode plate main body 221 perpendicular to the base 21, and a horizontal protrusion 222 provided at a side of the electrode plate main body 221. Fig. 3a is a front view of a sample cell electrode plate according to the present invention, fig. 3b is a plan view of the sample cell electrode plate according to the present invention, and fig. 3c is a left side view of the sample cell electrode plate according to the present invention. The horizontal protrusion 222 is matched with the concave cavity at the end of the base 21 in shape, and the formed semi-closed structure can be used for containing liquid to be measured. The two electrode plates 22 are respectively connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the power supply 30, and when the power supply 30 is turned on, an electric field is generated between the two electrode plates 22, so that the liquid in the sample cell 20 is under the action of an external electric field.
Generally, metal is dissolved continuously in the process of using as an anode, so that a gap exists between the metal and a coating, and the coating on the surface can be rapidly separated along with the dissolution of the metal anode. Because titanium, niobium and the like belong to valve metals and can be passivated to stop reaction and conduct electricity when directly used as an electrode anode, the valve metals can not be dissolved and corroded, and when the valve metals such as titanium, niobium and the like are used as the electrode anode, a platinum coating is not easy to fall off due to substrate dissolution, and the service life of the conductive coating is long. Therefore, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The electrode plate 22 is made of titanium or niobium with a platinum-plated surface.
The extension length of the horizontal projection is mainly determined by the boundary layer thickness of the liquid and finally by the electrochemical properties of the liquid, namely the size of field intensity nonuniformity under the action of an external electric field. The boundary layer has large thickness, and the extension length of the horizontal protrusion corresponding to the electrode plate can be smaller as long as enough distance to be measured can be ensured. Preferably, the protrusion length l of the horizontal projection in the horizontal direction satisfies the following relationship:
l＝1.25/d
where μ is the viscosity of the liquid in the sample cell in units of: pa · s; ρ is the density of the liquid in the sample cell, in units of: g/cm3(ii) a L is the distance between two electrode plates, and the unit is: cm; e is the electric field strength, in units: v/m.
The thickness of the horizontal projection in the vertical direction is mainly determined by the absorption coefficient of the liquid, and the thinner the horizontal projection is, the more difficult it is to process. If the horizontal bulge is too thick and the thickness of the liquid in the sample groove is smaller than that of the horizontal bulge, the liquid to be measured is inconvenient to add, and meanwhile, the thickness of the liquid in the sample groove is also not convenient to accurately obtain; if the thickness of the liquid in the sample groove with the horizontal protrusions is equal to that of the horizontal protrusions, the thickness of the liquid in the sample groove can be accurately obtained through the thickness of the horizontal protrusions, but the larger the thickness of the horizontal protrusions is, the larger the thickness of the liquid in the sample groove is, the thickness of the liquid in the sample groove is correspondingly increased, and if the liquid absorption coefficient is too large, the transmitted light signal is easily weakened, so that the measurement unit cannot obtain the transmitted light signal or the obtained transmitted light signal is too weak, and the transmissivity of the liquid adherence boundary layer cannot be obtained. Therefore, the thickness of the horizontal projection can be changed correspondingly according to different kinds of liquid, and the horizontal projection is made thinner as far as possible under the condition that the processing precision can be achieved. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the thickness of the horizontal protrusion in the vertical direction does not exceed 3 mm.
Theoretically, the two electrode plates 22 should be parallel to each other, but when a sample cell is actually processed or manufactured, it is difficult to achieve complete parallelism between the two electrode plates due to processing errors. If the electrode plates 22 are not parallel, the electric field intensity distribution in the liquid will be uneven, resulting in inconsistent measurement results of the liquid transmittance in a certain area, and causing a large measurement error. In addition, when the liquid thickness in the incident light direction is determined by the volume of the liquid added into the sample cell and the cross-sectional area of the sample cell, if the electrode plates 22 at the two ends of the sample cell are not parallel, the liquid thickness obtained by the above method is inaccurate, and the measurement result is also affected. Therefore, in order to ensure the accuracy of the measurement result, it is necessary to maintain a certain parallelism of the two electrode plates 22. Fig. 4a-4e show the relationship between the parallelism of two electrode plates and the uniformity of the electric field in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, wherein the parallelism from fig. 4a-4 d is 5%, 2.5%, 1% and 0.5%, respectively, and in fig. 4e the two electrode plates are perfectly parallel, the unit of the electric field strength is V/m, the larger the gray value the larger the surface electric field strength, the worse the uniformity of the surface electric field with the larger difference in gray value. As can be seen from fig. 4a to 4e, when the two electrode plates are completely parallel, the uniformity of the electric field intensity is the best, and when the two electrode plates are not completely parallel, the smaller the parallelism, the better the uniformity of the electric field intensity. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the parallelism of the two electrode plates is maintained at 0.5%.
The electrode plate 22 may be connected to a power source 40 via a wire. For example, one end of a lead is welded on the electrode plate, and the other end of the lead is connected with the anode or the cathode of a power supply; for another example, an extending unit is disposed on the electrode plate, and one end of the wire is connected to the electrode plate through a fixing clip, or the extending unit is provided with a small hole for connecting the wire, and one end of the wire is directly wound around the small hole. According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the electrode plate is provided with a protruding unit 50 integrated with the electrode plate to facilitate connection with a power source, as shown in fig. 3a and 3 b. The small platinum wire is connected with the platinum sheet through argon arc welding, and a protective layer is sleeved outside the platinum wire, so that the phenomenon that the platinum wire is contacted with the wall surface of a sample cavity of the spectrometer to cause electric leakage in the measuring process is avoided; alternatively, the portion of the platinum sheet that is larger than the glass bath is sandwiched by an electrode holder, and the electrode holder is connected to an external power source 40 by a wire.
Due to the existence of surface tension, the liquid close to the electrode plate is not uniform, so that the incident light can be refracted and/or reflected, and the accuracy of the measurement result is influenced. In addition, when the thickness of the liquid in the sample tank is small, the liquid level of the liquid is easy to be uneven under the action of the surface tension of the liquid, so that the thicknesses of the liquid at different incidence positions are inconsistent, and the accuracy of a measurement result is influenced. In order to eliminate the optimization of the liquid surface tension on the measurement result, a cover plate 23 can be designed for the sample cell, the thickness of the horizontal bulge of the electrode plate in the vertical direction is equal to the height of the bulge on the side edge of the base, the upper surface of the horizontal bulge and the upper surface of the bulge on the side edge of the base are in the same plane, the thickness of the liquid in the sample cell is equal to the thickness of the horizontal bulge, then the cover plate is covered on the bulge on the side edge of the base and the horizontal bulge, namely the upper side of the liquid surface, so that the liquid surface is parallel to the extending part of the horizontal bulge, the consistency of the thickness of the liquid in the sample cell is ensured, and the.
In order to improve the accuracy and precision of the results of multiple measurements, focusing by adjusting the position of the sample well is required before each measurement. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the cover plate 23 is chrome-plated on the side in contact with the liquid and provided with focusing marks for use as a reference for position adjustment during focusing, for example, cross-shaped marks are made on the side of the cover plate 23 in contact with the liquid, depending on the actually measured thickness range of the liquid adherent surface layer or at regular distance intervals. The greater the thickness of the cover plate 23, the greater the absorption of the optical signal, thereby weakening the intensity of the optical signal emitted from the sample well 20 and making it inconvenient to accurately obtain the refractive index of the liquid boundary layer. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the cover plate 23 has a thickness not exceeding 3 mm. If the thickness of the cover plate 23 is too small, the cover plate tends to float on the upper side of the liquid due to the buoyancy of the liquid, and the influence of the surface tension of the liquid on the uniformity of the thickness of the liquid cannot be completely eliminated. Preferably, the cover plate 23 has a thickness of 3 mm. Preferably, in order to facilitate the transmission of optical signals, the material of the bottom plate 21 may be CaF2Or BaF2。
Incident light generated by the incident light source 10 is incident from a liquid boundary layer position near the electrode plate 22 along a direction perpendicular to the liquid level and the electric field. The measuring unit 40 is located on the light path of the incident light and is used for receiving the light signal emitted from the sample cell 20 and analyzing and acquiring the transmittance of the liquid adherent surface layer under the action of the external electric field.
The incident light generated by the incident light source 10 may include other wavelength bands of noise, which may affect the accuracy of the measurement result. In order to prevent such a problem from occurring, a chopper may be provided between the incident light source 10 and the sample tank 20 to intercept a wavelength signal of a specific frequency as the incident light source. Meanwhile, two phase-locked amplifiers are arranged between the sample tank 20 and the measuring unit 40, so that the influence caused by the change of the modulation frequency and the alternating current frequency of the chopper can be eliminated, and the optical signal emitted from the sample tank can be amplified, so that the refractive index of the liquid cannot be obtained or cannot be accurately analyzed due to the fact that the optical signal emitted from the sample tank is too weak. Fig. 5 shows a flow chart of measuring the transmittance of the liquid adherence surface layer by using the measuring system according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, in which the incident light from the continuous spectrum light source 11 passes through the converging lens group 12, the chopper 13 and the monochromator 14 to form monochromatic light, then passes through the liquid in the sample cell after being focused by the infrared surface focusing lens 15 and the infrared microscope 16, the light signal emitted from the sample cell enters the infrared detector 41, the current generated by the infrared detector 41 according to the received light signal enters the primary lock-in amplifier 42, the current is correspondingly amplified and then enters the secondary lock-in amplifier 43, the light signal processed by the secondary lock-in amplifier 43 enters the computer 44, and the computer 44 performs analysis and calculation according to the received light signal to determine the transmittance of the liquid adherence surface layer. The first-stage lock-in amplifier 42 is mainly used for eliminating the influence caused by the modulation frequency of the chopper 13, and the second-stage lock-in amplifier 43 is mainly used for eliminating the influence caused by the change of the alternating current frequency on the measurement. Through the action of the two phase-locked amplifiers, a signal to be measured with a specific frequency can be extracted, a noise signal is eliminated, and an optical signal input into a computer is enhanced to facilitate measurement. The chopper controller 60 is shown for controlling the chopper 13, the primary lock-in amplifier 42 and the secondary lock-in amplifier 43.
Because the influence of the electric field on the refractive index of the liquid is small, and the thickness of the liquid boundary layer is small, in order to accurately measure the transmissivity of the liquid adherence boundary layer under the action of the external electric field, the measuring device must be ensured to have higher measuring precision. According to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the parallelism between the two electrode plates, and the parallelism between the cover plate and the base plate is not more than 0.5%; the processing roughness of the electrode plate is less than Ra1.6; the smooth finish of the bottom plate and the cover plate is 60-40, the number of the apertures is 3, the parallelism is not more than 0.5 percent, and no bubble or scattering particles exist in the bottom plate and the cover plate.
While the present invention has been described with reference to exemplary embodiments, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described and illustrated in detail herein, and that various changes may be made therein by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A system for measuring the transmittance of a liquid adherent boundary layer under the action of an external electric field is characterized by comprising: the device comprises an incident light source, a sample groove, a power supply and a measuring unit; wherein,
the sample cell includes: a base and two electrode plates; the two sides of the base are upwards protruded, so that the base has a concave cross section; two ends of the base are respectively provided with an electrode plate; the electrode plate isType boss structure includes: is perpendicular toAn electrode plate main body on the base and a horizontal bulge arranged on the side edge of the electrode plate main body; the horizontal bulge is matched with the concave cavity at the end part of the base in shape; the two electrode plates are respectively connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of a power supply and used for generating an electric field;
the incident light generated by the incident light source is incident from the position of the liquid boundary layer close to the electrode plate along the direction vertical to the liquid level of the liquid and the electric field;
the measuring unit is positioned on the light path of the incident light and used for receiving the light signal emitted from the sample groove and analyzing and acquiring the transmissivity of the liquid adherence boundary layer under the action of an external electric field.
2. The measuring system according to claim 1, wherein a protrusion length/of the horizontal projection in the horizontal direction satisfies the following relationship:
l＝1.25/d
where μ is the viscosity of the liquid in the sample cell in units of: pa · s; ρ is the density of the liquid in the sample cell, in units of: g/cm3(ii) a L is the distance between two electrode plates, and the unit is: cm; e is the electric field strength, in units: v/m.
3. The measurement system of claim 1, wherein the sample cell further comprises a cover plate; the thickness of the horizontal protrusion of the electrode plate in the vertical direction is equal to the protrusion height of the side edge of the base, the upper surface of the horizontal protrusion and the upper surface of the side edge protrusion of the base are in the same plane, and the cover plate covers the side edge protrusion of the base and the horizontal protrusion.
4. A measuring system according to claim 3, wherein the liquid-contacting side of the cover plate is chrome-plated and provided with focusing marks for use as a reference for position adjustment during focusing.
5. The measurement system of claim 3 wherein the cover plate has a thickness of no more than 3 mm.
6. The measuring system of claim 3, wherein the material of the base plate and/or the cover plate is: CaF2Or BaF2。
7. The measuring system of claim 1, wherein the electrode plate is titanium or niobium with a platinum-plated surface.
8. The measurement system of claim 1, wherein a parallelism between two electrode plates, and a parallelism between the cover plate and the base plate, is not greater than 0.5%; the processing roughness of the electrode plate is less than Ra1.6; the smooth finish of the bottom plate and the cover plate is 60-40, the number of the apertures is 3, the parallelism is not more than 0.5 percent, and no bubble or scattering particles exist in the bottom plate and the cover plate.
9. The measuring system of claim 1, wherein the thickness of the horizontal protrusion in the vertical direction is no more than 3 mm.
10. The measurement system of claim 1, further comprising a chopper and two lock-in amplifiers;
the chopper is arranged between the incident light source and the sample tank and is used for intercepting wavelength signals of specific frequency; two phase-locked amplifiers are arranged between the sample cell and the measuring unit and used for eliminating the influence caused by the modulation frequency of the chopper and the frequency change of the alternating current and amplifying the optical signal emitted from the sample cell.
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