CN105543257A - 一种pAPN基因定点修饰猪 - Google Patents
一种pAPN基因定点修饰猪 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种pAPN基因定点修饰猪,其采用基因工程的方法构建猪氨肽酶N(porcine?aminopeptidase?N,pAPN)的基因载体;通过细胞转染等多种技术获得pAPN基因定点修饰猪。本发明主要有两点应用:1、从遗传的角度根除猪病毒性腹泻和K88的感染,减少养猪的疫病控制成本,减少其对环境的污染,为健康养殖和减少抗生素的滥用提供一种方法;2、该定点修饰猪为研究人类癌症等相关疾病的发病机制及相关干预与治疗的筛选与临床前预试。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及动物基因工程技术领域,尤其涉及一种pAPN基因定点修饰猪。
背景技术
1、仔猪腹泻病带来的损失巨大
仔猪腹泻病是集约化养猪生产条件下一种常发的、典型的由多因素导致的疾病。近年来,我国仔猪腹泻病发病率与死亡率居高不下,不少猪场的死亡率几乎是100%,造成了极大地经济损失。据不完全统计,2014年我国存栏母猪约4500万头,年产仔猪近8亿头,但最后上市的猪大约只有80%,猪在不同阶段的死亡率达20%,其中约有一半是由于腹泻病导致的。因此,仔猪腹泻病对养猪业来说危害极大。
2、仔猪腹泻病病原
猪腹泻病病原种类繁多,致病性复杂,有细菌性的、病毒性的及寄生虫等,其中,由病毒和大肠杆菌感染仔猪而引起的腹泻呈现为高发病率和高死亡率。就病毒性腹泻而言,目前认为猪传染性胃肠炎病毒(transmissiblegastroenteritisvirus,TGEV)和猪流行性腹泻病毒(Porcineepidemicdiarrheavirus,PEDV)是致使初生仔猪和断奶仔猪发生腹泻最常见和最重要的病毒。猪传染性胃肠炎病毒是引起仔猪腹泻的重要病原之一,尤其是对1-2周龄仔猪致死率可达100%(Renetal2008)。病毒性腹泻造成的损失也极其严重,2010冬至2012年初,病毒性腹泻给全国各地规模猪场造成了很高的发病率和死亡率,仅在南方就有超过100万头仔猪死于腹泻(Sunetal2012)。而对于细菌性腹泻,K88和F18大肠杆菌是导致初生仔猪和断奶仔猪腹泻最常见和最重要的细菌性病原菌。但是,该病的防治主要以抗生素为主,但是效果极差,加之抗生素的滥用对食品卫生健康造成的危害较大。因此,培育一种抗仔猪腹泻病的猪对于防控仔猪腹泻病,保障养猪业健康发展具有重要意义。
3、猪APN的功能和作用
病毒猪胃肠炎病毒(TGEV)和猪流行性腹泻病毒(PEDV)同属于I型冠状病毒。目前,大多数冠状病毒成员的细胞表面受体已被鉴定出并呈现一定规律性。在I型冠状病毒中,大多数病毒的受体为氨肽酶N(aminopeptidaseN,APN);II型冠状病毒受体为以9-O-乙酰唾液酸;而SARS-CoV的功能性受体是血管紧张素转移酶(ACE2)。
1963年,Pfleiderer和Celliers从猪的肾脏中分离得到猪氨肽酶N(Pfleiderer&Celliers1963),1989年根据cDNA克隆序列对比确定了APN即为细胞表面的促分化抗原CD13。CD13/APN的酶活性表现为从小肽段N端切除氨基酸,故又名氨肽酶N。猪氨肽酶N是含有Zn2+的膜结合型外肽酶,属于依赖锌离子的金属蛋白酶M1家族,pAPN基因cDNA全长2892bp,含有20个外显子,编码964个氨基酸,分子量约为150kDa,广泛存在于多种组织和细胞中,尤其在小肠黏膜上高效表达,该蛋白通过近N端的螺旋产生跨膜作用进入细胞膜,使pAPN能够固定在细胞上,且有一部分N端肽链的单个氨基能够通过催化作用进入细胞浆,从而发挥其功能。由于pAPN基因具有重要的作用,其晶体结构也已被解析出来(Chenetal2012),但是其作用的基因调控网络未见有报道。
免疫学和体外研究表明pAPN是TGEV和PEDV等病毒的主要受体,宿主pAPN表达量的高低在一定程度上决定了病毒感染程度的强弱(Delmasetal1994,Delmasetal1992,Delmasetal1993,Lietal2007,Nam&Lee2010,李宝贤etal2009)。TGEV感染过程中病毒S蛋白与受体pAPN发生特异性结合的位置是pAPN上第717-813位氨基酸(Bridgenetal1993)。PEDV感染过程中病毒S蛋白与受体pAPN发生特异性结合的位置是pAPN上第500-963位氨基酸(单智夫2012)。
Melkebeek等利用某种特殊的神经氨酸酶处理刷状缘细胞后,受体的α(2-3),α(6-8)唾液酸结合位点发生了明显的变化,表现为pAPN与肠道内K88ac菌毛的黏附明显减少(Melkebeeketal2012)。Snoeck等的研究证实,pAPN可以促进小肠上皮细胞内吞K88ac菌毛并且能够诱导黏膜免疫的发生(Snoecketal2008)。有研究表明,K88ac是通过网格蛋白介导的细胞吞噬作用内陷入IPEC-J2细胞(Rasschaertetal2010)。Melkebeek等还通过口服pAPN的抑制剂来研究pAPN的功能,实验表明,即使在没有佐剂或辅助性物质存在的情况下,pAPN也可以引起肠道强烈的黏膜免疫反应,并产生数量较多的IgA、IgG抗体,甚至连初次免疫后产生的IgM抗体也可检测到(Melkebeeketal2012),即使是远低于可检测水平的pAPN也可以促进肠上皮细胞的吞噬作用,并能够诱导一定的免疫应答,这一结果表明pAPN是疫苗抗原靶向穿越上皮细胞屏障的作用靶标(Devriendtetal2012)。综上所述,pAPN还可能是K88ac受体的候选蛋白。
我们前期的研究显示pAPN基因在肾脏和空肠中表达最高,仔猪在7日龄表达量最高,且这正好与腹泻病毒及K88感染的流行病学呈高度相关。在细胞系上pAPN表达水平的高低与病毒感染的强弱呈正相关,高表达pAPN的ST细胞和成纤维细胞对TGEV的敏感性要远大于低表达pAPN的IPEC-J2细胞,且攻毒后高表达pAPN的ST和成纤维细胞出现明显的细胞病变(细胞皱缩、变圆、脱壁、死亡)。这些研究在很大程度上也证明了pAPN在仔猪腹泻病的发生中起着十分重要的作用。
4、人APN的功能和作用
APN在人体内广泛表达,存在于多种细胞表面,是一种锌离子依赖的金属蛋白酶(EC3.4.11.2),主要参与细胞生长、信号转导、免疫调节、肿瘤侵袭、血管新生以及病毒感染等病理生理过程。有研究表明其在肿瘤细胞表面高水平表达,是一种重要的肿瘤细胞标记物功能蛋白(Jeffery2003)。APN还是血管生成的重要调节因子,正常血管内皮细胞上的APN未被激活,而在肿瘤新生血管的内皮细胞上,APN高度表达(Curnisetal2000,Pasqualinietal2000,vanHensbergenetal2002)。因此,抑制APN的活性可以有效的预防和控制肿瘤的侵袭与转移。随着对APN研究的不断深入,以APN为靶点来设计抑制剂已经成为抗肿瘤药物的研究热点已有多种抗肿瘤药物上市,如Ubenimex(即乌苯美司胶囊),本药于1987年在日本上市,1998年在中国上市,为国家二类抗肿瘤新药。猪作为疾病模型较小鼠等具有诸多的优势,建立pAPN基因敲除猪模型,可能对研究其具体的分子作用机制起到重要作用,也有可能获得针对恶性血液病、肿瘤、免疫相关性以及某些冠状病毒感染性疾病等多种疾病的新疗法,因而可能具有较为广阔的应用前景。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种pAPN基因定点修饰猪。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明采用的技术方案是,一种pAPN基因定点修饰猪,包括以下步骤:
(1)pAPN基因的克隆与序列分析
利用pAPN的基因组(GenBankaccessnumber:CT737411.6)和cDNA(GenBankaccessnumber:HQ824547.1)序列信息,设计引物进行克隆,利用高保真DNA聚合酶扩增目的片段,克隆至表达载体后,进行测序,对其基因组序列和cDNA序列进行分析,检测其变异位点;
(2)pAPN基因编辑载体的构建与活性分析及Donor载体的构建
①pAPN基因编辑载体的构建:利用pAPN基因组序列信息及变异位点分析数据,选取其第一外显子为靶序列,设计2对TALE蛋白识别序列,分别克隆至pTALEN-01载体中;
②pAPN基因Donor载体的构建:为提高载体的构建效率,本载体在构建过程中采用一步定向克隆法进行克隆,首先将合成的两对同向LoxP克隆入pDonor-TN01载体中;然后针对2对TALE蛋白识别序列设计左右同源臂,利用高保真酶对同源臂进行扩增;使用一步定向克隆法将左右同源臂和LoxP和筛选标记克隆入载体,形成最终的porcineaminopeptidaseN基因的Donor载体,命名为pDonor-001;
③靶点活性验证:将构建的若干对pAPNTALEN质粒、及实验室保存的CMV-PG03-Stop和GLucdonor载体共转染至293T细胞中,转染48h后,收集细胞上清液,使用Secrete-PairTM双荧光素酶报告系统分析TALEN对的活性;
(3)pAPN基因定点修饰ST细胞系的建立与TGEV致病性研究
④pAPN基因定点修饰ST细胞系的建立:培养细胞待ST细胞生长至80%汇合时,消化细胞使用电转染法进行转染,TALEN左臂质粒:右臂质粒:Donor质粒按照一定的比列进行转染,48h后观察绿色荧光的比例以确定转染效率,消化后进行培养,加入终浓度为1.6μg/mL的puromycin进行筛选,为提高阳性率以高浓度持续筛选10天后,使得培养皿中的克隆数不多于5个,且克隆之间距离较大生长状态良好,挑选单克隆进行扩增,得到的转基因细胞扩增并进行一系列的鉴定;pAPN重组左臂扩增大小为1177bp,上游引物:AGAAGGGAAGGATTTTGAGGTTC,下游引物:ACTTATATACGGTTCTCCCCCA,pAPN重组右臂扩增大小为1455bp,上游引物:TCAGAAGCTATCTGGTCTCCCT,下游引物:TCACCTTTGGGCGGCATATT;PCR扩增目的基因片段,并进行测序验证;
⑤ST定点修饰细胞的攻毒:利用上述获得的pAPN基因定点修饰ST细胞和对照组ST细胞将等量的TGEV病毒感染细胞,共同孵育6h后,PBS洗涤3次,将一部分细胞提取RNA后,反转录成cDNA,使用荧光定量PCR检测其表达;通过以上手段评估pAPN基因定点修饰ST细胞的抗病毒效果;评估后发现敲除细胞具有明显的抗病毒作用;
(4)pAPN基因定点修饰成纤维转基因细胞系的建立与重构胚的获取
⑥pAPN基因定点修饰成纤维细胞系的建立:方法同步骤(3)中④;
⑦重构胚的获取:将从屠宰场摘取的猪卵巢运回实验室,抽取卵巢上3-6mm直径的卵泡,挑选胞质均匀,包裹完整并且带有2层以上卵丘细胞的卵母细胞复合体后,转入到成熟培养滴中培养42±2h后,进行脱卵丘,挑选排出第一极体且卵周隙明显的卵母细胞;用盲吸法去核后,进行核移植,操作完成后将重构胚转移到石蜡油覆盖好的T2液滴中,38.5℃恒温培养30min,将T2中已恢复好的重构卵在化学辅助激活液中激活10min,然后融合,将融合的重构胚置于PZM3中进行培养;
(5)pAPN基因定点修饰猪的获得与鉴定
选用发情良好、体型较好的母猪为受体,将重构1天后的胚胎移植到自然发情后1天的母猪输卵管中,调整饲养管理,直至克隆猪出生;获得定点修饰的猪。
本发明所述的基因定点修饰猪在作为恶性血液病、肿瘤、免疫相关性以及冠状病毒感染的人类医学模型方面的应用。
本发明的有益效果:1)提供一种抗腹泻病基因定点修饰猪的方法;2)可作为恶性血液病(如白血病)、肿瘤、免疫相关性以及某些冠状病毒感染的重要的人类医学模型。
附图说明
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细的说明。
图1是本发明实施例的pAPN基因定点编辑Donor载体图谱。
图2是本发明实施例的pAPNTALEN对Gluc荧光素酶活性验证。
图3是本发明实施例的干pAPN基因定点编辑ST细胞克隆。
图4是本发明实施例的pAPN基因定点编辑ST细胞克隆的PCR鉴定。
图4中:
泳道M:Marker
泳道1-4:pAPN基因定点编辑克隆,2、4、6、10、12、13、14、18、19号克隆
具体实施方式
一种可用于抗腹仔猪泻病和用于人类疾病模型的pAPN基因定点修饰猪的建立方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)pAPN基因的克隆与序列分析
利用pAPN的基因组(GenBankaccessnumber:CT737411.6)和cDNA(GenBankaccessnumber:HQ824547.1)序列信息,设计引物进行克隆,利用高保真DNA聚合酶扩增目的片段,克隆至表达载体后,进行测序,对其基因组序列和cDNA序列进行分析,检测其变异位点;
(2)pAPN基因编辑载体的构建与活性分析及Donor载体的构建
①pAPN基因编辑载体的构建:利用pAPN基因组序列信息及变异位点分析数据,选取其第一外显子为靶序列,设计2对TALE蛋白识别序列,分别克隆至pTALEN-01载体中;
②pAPN基因Donor载体的构建:为提高载体的构建效率,本载体在构建过程中采用一步定向克隆(即无缝克隆)法进行克隆,首先将合成的两对同向LoxP克隆入pDonor-TN01载体中;然后针对2对TALE蛋白识别序列设计左右同源臂,利用高保真酶对同源臂进行扩增;使用一步定向克隆法将左右同源臂和LoxP和筛选标记克隆入载体,形成最终的porcineaminopeptidaseN基因的Donor载体,命名为pDonor-001(图1);
③靶点活性验证:将构建的若干对pAPNTALEN质粒、及实验室保存的CMV-PG03-Stop和GLucdonor载体共转染至293T细胞中,转染48h后,收集细胞上清液,使用Secrete-PairTM双荧光素酶报告系统分析TALEN对的活性(图2和表1);
表1:Gluc荧光素酶活性检测
注:+表示有活性,-表示无活性
(3)pAPN基因定点修饰ST细胞系的建立与TGEV致病性研究
④pAPN基因定点修饰ST细胞系的建立:使用6cm皿培养细胞待ST细胞生长至80%汇合时,消化细胞使用电转染法进行转染,TALEN左臂质粒:右臂质粒:Donor质粒按照一定的比列进行转染,48h后观察绿色荧光的比例以确定转染效率,消化后传至10个10cm皿中进行培养,加入终浓度为1.6μg/mL的puromycin进行筛选,为提高阳性率以高浓度持续筛选10天后,通过一些机械手段使得10cm皿中的克隆数不多于5个,且克隆之间距离较大生长状态良好,挑选单克隆至24孔板进行扩增,得到的转基因细胞扩增并进行一系列的鉴定;pAPN重组左臂扩增大小为1177bp,上游引物:AGAAGGGAAGGATTTTGAGGTTC,下游引物:ACTTATATACGGTTCTCCCCCA,pAPN重组右臂扩增大小为1455bp,上游引物:TCAGAAGCTATCTGGTCTCCCT,下游引物:TCACCTTTGGGCGGCATATT;PCR扩增目的基因片段,并进行测序验证。利用qPCRpAPN的表达情况。结果显示定点修饰效率为35%左右,部分结果如图3、图4所示。挑选10号和19号克隆点进行检测,使用RT-PCR未检测到ST定点修饰细胞中pAPN基因的表达,使用qPCR检测时发现10号和19号克隆点pAPN的表达较对照组相比,分别下降了98.8%和98.2%,也几乎不表达。
⑤ST定点修饰细胞的攻毒:利用上述获得的pAPN基因定点修饰ST细胞和对照组ST细胞,接种6孔板,调整至相同密度。将等量的TGEV病毒感染细胞,共同孵育6h后,PBS洗涤3次,将一部分细胞提取RNA后,反转录成cDNA,使用荧光定量PCR检测其表达;通过以上手段评估pAPN基因定点修饰ST细胞的抗病毒效果。本发明选取了ST细胞19号克隆点进行TGEV抗病毒效果检测,qPCR检测ST细胞定点修饰pAPN基因后TGEV(S)的表达,攻毒6h时对照组细胞S基因的表达量是实验组细胞的23倍,而在24h时差异达到最大,为5198倍;实验组细胞生长状态较对照组细胞好。从以上两方面结果可得知ST细胞定点修饰pAPN后具有明显抗TGEV的效果。
(4)pAPN基因定点修饰成纤维转基因细胞系的建立与重构胚的获取
⑥pAPN基因定点修饰成纤维细胞系的建立:方法同步骤(3)中④
⑦重构胚的获取:将从屠宰场摘取的猪卵巢运回实验室,抽取卵巢上3-6mm直径的卵泡,挑选胞质均匀,包裹完整并且带有2层以上卵丘细胞的卵母细胞复合体后,转入到成熟培养滴中培养42±2h后,进行脱卵丘,在体视镜下挑选排出第一极体且卵周隙明显的卵母细胞。用盲吸法去核后,进行核移植,操作完成后将重构胚转移到石蜡油覆盖好的T2液滴中,在38.5℃的恒温箱中恢复30min,将T2中已恢复好的重构卵在化学辅助激活液中激活10min,然后融合,将融合的重构胚置于PZM3中进行培养;
(5)pAPN基因定点修饰猪的获得与鉴定
选用发情良好、体型较好的母猪为受体,将重构1天后的胚胎移植到自然发情后1天的母猪输卵管中,每头受体母猪移植150-240枚,胚胎移植后28-30天,进行超声波妊娠检测,妊娠母猪30天后每月检测一次,跟踪胎儿发育情况,调整饲养管理,直至克隆猪出生;获得5头基因定点修饰的猪,取出生小猪耳尖部分,提取克隆猪的基因组DNA,PCR检测目的基因在克隆猪中的整合情况。
本发明所述的基因定点修饰猪在作为恶性血液病、肿瘤、免疫相关性以及冠状病毒感染的人类医学模型方面的应用。
以上所述的本发明实施方式,并不构成对本发明保护范围的限定。任何在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的修改、等同替换和改进等,均应包含在本发明的权利要求保护范围之内。
Claims (2)
1.一种pAPN基因定点修饰猪,包括以下步骤:
(1)pAPN基因的克隆与序列分析
利用pAPN的基因组和cDNA序列信息,设计引物进行克隆,利用高保真DNA聚合酶扩增目的片段,克隆至表达载体后,进行测序,对其基因组序列和cDNA序列进行分析,检测其变异位点;
(2)pAPN基因编辑载体的构建与活性分析及Donor载体的构建
①pAPN基因编辑载体的构建:利用pAPN基因组序列信息及变异位点分析数据,选取其第一外显子为靶序列,设计2对TALE蛋白识别序列,分别克隆至pTALEN-01载体中;
②pAPN基因Donor载体的构建:为提高载体的构建效率,本载体在构建过程中采用一步定向克隆法进行克隆,首先将合成的两对同向LoxP克隆入pDonor-TN01载体中;然后针对2对TALE蛋白识别序列设计左右同源臂,利用高保真酶对同源臂进行扩增;使用一步定向克隆法将左右同源臂和LoxP和筛选标记克隆入载体,形成最终的porcineaminopeptidaseN基因的Donor载体,命名为pDonor-001;
③靶点活性验证:将构建的若干对pAPNTALEN质粒、及实验室保存的CMV-PG03-Stop和GLucdonor载体共转染至293T细胞中,转染48h后,收集细胞上清液,使用Secrete-PairTM双荧光素酶报告系统分析TALEN对的活性;
(3)pAPN基因定点修饰ST细胞系的建立与TGEV致病性研究
④pAPN基因定点修饰ST细胞系的建立:培养细胞待ST细胞生长至80%汇合时,消化细胞使用电转染法进行转染,TALEN左臂质粒:右臂质粒:Donor质粒按照一定的比列进行转染,48h后观察绿色荧光的比例以确定转染效率,消化后进行培养,加入终浓度为1.6μg/mL的puromycin进行筛选,为提高阳性率以高浓度持续筛选10天后,使得培养皿中的克隆数不多于5个,且克隆之间距离较大生长状态良好,挑选单克隆进行扩增,得到的转基因细胞扩增并进行一系列的鉴定;pAPN重组左臂扩增大小为1177bp,上游引物:AGAAGGGAAGGATTTTGAGGTTC,下游引物:ACTTATATACGGTTCTCCCCCA,pAPN重组右臂扩增大小为1455bp,上游引物:TCAGAAGCTATCTGGTCTCCCT,下游引物:TCACCTTTGGGCGGCATATT;PCR扩增目的基因片段,并进行测序验证;
⑤ST定点修饰细胞的攻毒:利用上述获得的pAPN基因定点修饰ST细胞和对照组ST细胞将等量的TGEV病毒感染细胞,共同孵育6h后,PBS洗涤3次,将一部分细胞提取RNA后,反转录成cDNA,使用荧光定量PCR检测其表达;通过以上手段评估pAPN基因定点修饰ST细胞的抗病毒效果;评估后发现敲除细胞具有明显的抗病毒作用;
(4)pAPN基因定点修饰成纤维转基因细胞系的建立与重构胚的获取
⑥pAPN基因定点修饰成纤维细胞系的建立:方法同步骤(3)中④;
⑦重构胚的获取:将从屠宰场摘取的猪卵巢运回实验室,抽取卵巢上3-6mm直径的卵泡,挑选胞质均匀,包裹完整并且带有2层以上卵丘细胞的卵母细胞复合体后,转入到成熟培养滴中培养42±2h后,进行脱卵丘,挑选排出第一极体且卵周隙明显的卵母细胞;用盲吸法去核后,进行核移植,操作完成后将重构胚转移到石蜡油覆盖好的T2液滴中,38.5℃恒温培养30min,将T2中已恢复好的重构卵在化学辅助激活液中激活10min,然后融合,将融合的重构胚置于PZM3中进行培养;
(5)pAPN基因定点修饰猪的获得与鉴定
选用发情良好、体型较好的母猪为受体,将重构1天后的胚胎移植到自然发情后1天的母猪输卵管中,调整饲养管理,直至克隆猪出生;获得定点修饰的猪。
2.根据权利要求1所述的基因定点修饰猪在作为恶性血液病、肿瘤、免疫相关性以及冠状病毒感染的人类医学模型方面的应用。
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