CN105532266B - A kind of collybia albuminosa cultural method - Google Patents
A kind of collybia albuminosa cultural method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A kind of collybia albuminosa cultural method, including bacterium germination culture：Bacterium bag is sent into culturing room, control culture room temperature is maintained at 20 25 degrees Celsius, and relative humidity control is 55% 65%；Earthing：After being transferred to mushroom room, the bacterium bag of bacterium bag is removed, takes out bacteria stick, the bacteria stick of taking-up is put well, above earthing and covered tightly, then irrigated with water；The last turfy soil for covering one layer of 24 cm thick again, makes P in soil H be maintained at 5.5 7；Management of producing mushroom：Before fruiting, at 20 30 degrees Celsius, day and night temperature is controlled at 8-10 degrees Celsius the indoor temperature control of fruiting；Beneficial effects of the present invention are that the wild living environment of collybia albuminosa is simulated in terms of temperature and day and night temperature and soil, so that the product quality and wild quality produced are quite similar, and the production cycle of product is shortened 90 days or so, the economic benefit of the product industrialization of raising.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to edible mushroom technical field, more specifically a kind of cultural method of collybia albuminosa.
Background technology
Collybia albuminosa is commonly called as " hat in bacterium ".Collybia albuminosa meat thickness is big and fleshy, and matter filament is white, the fresh and sweet delicious and crisp of taste.It must containing human body
Amino acid, protein, the fat of palpus, also contain the substances such as various vitamins and calcium, phosphorus, core yellow acid.Collybia albuminosa only southwest, the southeast
Some areas in several provinces and Taiwan produce, higher price due to its wild low output.Collybia albuminosa is not only the nutrition for having abundant
Value, while also there is very high medical value, have the effects that beneficial stomach, clear god, control hemorrhoid and reducing blood lipid, also there is blood-nourishing profit
Dry, strengthening the spleen and stomach and other effects can be used for treating loss of appetite, endless diarrhea, all diseases of blood under hemorrhoid, be China it is traditional it is medicinal very
One of bacterium.
Since the growth mechanism of collybia albuminosa and most wild mushrooms has huge difference, collybia albuminosa and the symbiosis life of termite battalion
Living, the secretion collybia albuminosa for having left termite is just difficult to survive, and the two mutual reciprocity and mutual benefit, such ecological environment causes collybia albuminosa pair
The particular/special requirement of growth conditions.Due to this particular/special requirement to environment of collybia albuminosa so that its artificial cultivation technique is always
The key points and difficulties of research.
Invention content
In order to solve the above problem, the present invention provides a kind of wild living environments of simulation collybia albuminosa so that product quality and
The very close collybia albuminosa cultural method of wild product quality；
The cultural method of collybia albuminosa of the present invention includes the following steps：
（1）Bacterium germination culture：Bacterium bag is sent into culturing room, control culture room temperature is maintained at 20--25 degrees Celsius, relatively wet
Bacterium bag is transferred in mushroom room and carries out in next step after mycelia covers with bacterium bag in 55%--65%, daily timing ventilation by degree control
Suddenly；
（2）Earthing：After being transferred to mushroom room, the bacterium bag of bacterium bag is removed, takes out bacteria stick, the bacteria stick of taking-up is put well, above
Earthing is simultaneously covered tightly, and is then irrigated with water；The last turfy soil for covering one layer of 2-4 cm thick again, makes P in soil H be maintained at
5.5--7 into the management of producing mushroom stage；
（3）Management of producing mushroom：Before fruiting, at 20--30 degrees Celsius, day and night temperature control exists the indoor temperature control of fruiting
8-10 degrees Celsius, air humidity control is controlled in 90%--95%, intensity of illumination in 250-300 luxs；After fruiting, mushroom producing room
Interior temperature is maintained at 20-30 degrees Celsius, and day and night temperature is maintained at 8-10 degrees Celsius, and air humidity is controlled in 85%--95%, light
According to control in the luxs 100--300, that is, enter harvest stages；
（4）It harvests：It can be harvested when bacteria cover diameter reaches 2-5 centimetres.
Further, the making step of the bacterium bag includes：Liquid strain is inoculated into inoculation bag under sterile conditions
In；The inoculation bag includes compost and the bacterium bag equipped with compost.
Further, the making step of the inoculation bag is：
（1）Compost：It is respectively 45% cotton seed hull, 22% wheat bran, 18% sawdust, 7% corncob, 5% corn flour by percentage
Add water stirring in blender with the raw material of 3% dregs of beans, water content control is in 60%--65%；
（2）It packs：The compost being stirred is fitted into bacterium bag, is sealed with the plastic lid of air-permeable dampproof；
（3）It sterilizes：The bacterium bag of mouth will be sealed, be transferred in high-temperature sterilizing chambers, carries out sterilization treatment.
Further, the making step of liquid strain is：
（1）Liquid culture medium is prepared：Supernatant is extracted after first potato is boiled, is then prepared containing 3% glucose, 1% jade
The solution of rice flour, 0.1% magnesium sulfate and 0.15% potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixes potato supernatant and above-mentioned solution；
（2）Shake flask culture：It after fluid nutrient medium is prepared, is fitted into conical flask, and small bead is added,
Bottleneck tampon, brown paper sealing, sterilize 30 minutes under 1.5 thousand grams/cm of pressure；Then slant strains are put into, are set
In 23--25 degrees Celsius of lower stationary culture 24 hours；It is placed on shaken cultivation on reciprocal shaker again when mycelium germination, vibrates
Frequency is 80~100 times per minute, and amplitude is 6~10 centimetres；At 24 DEG C~25 DEG C, incubation time is for the temperature control of shaking table room
4-6 days.
Further, the making step of the liquid strain is：
（1）Liquid culture medium is prepared：Supernatant is extracted after first potato is cooked, is then prepared containing 3% glucose, 1%
The solution of corn flour, 0.1% magnesium sulfate and 0.15% potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixes potato supernatant and above-mentioned solution；
（2）Shake flask culture：Being fitted into capacity is in 500 milliliters of conical flask, per it is bottled enter 100 milliliters, and be added
Small bead, bottleneck tampon, brown paper sealing, sterilizes 30 minutes under 1.5 thousand grams/cm of pressure；Then it puts into
Slant strains are placed in stationary culture 24 hours at 23 DEG C~25 DEG C；It is placed on reciprocal shaker and vibrates again when mycelium germination
Culture, frequency of oscillation are 80~100 times per minute, and amplitude is 6~10 centimetres；The temperature of shaking table room is controlled at 24 DEG C~25 DEG C,
Incubation time 4-6 days；
（3）Liquid seeds tank ferments：Under the protection of pyrosphere, by above-mentioned steps（2）In strain pour into liquid bacteria rapidly
Kind of culture tank is closed tank mouth and is cultivated, aseptically installs snorkel, makes pressure inside the tank in 0.02MPa-0.04MPa,
It is cultivated 48-72 hours after being passed through appropriate oxygen with oxygen therapy machine.
Further, it is 3% corn flour, 3% glucose, 2% wheat bran, 0.3% that content is filled in the strain cultivation tank
The solution of peptone, 0.1% magnesium sulfate, 0.15% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.05% vitamin B and 0.3% sodium nitrate, the pH value of the solution
It is 6.
Further, the inoculating process includes wrapping inoculating gun with multilayer gauze, one layer of brown paper of outsourcing, is stranded and pricks
It is good；Inoculating gun and inoculated tube are put into autoclave, sterilized 40 minutes；By the inoculated tube after sterilizing, in the guarantor of alcolhol burner flame
Under shield, quickly it is connected on strain cultivation tank inoculation valve, opens inoculation valve, inoculating gun is placed under the flame of alcolhol burner and is disappeared
Then poison uses inoculating gun inoculation in inoculation bag.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are that the wild living environment of collybia albuminosa is simulated in terms of temperature and day and night temperature and soil,
So that the product quality and wild quality produced are quite similar, and the production cycle of product is made to shorten 90 days left sides
The right side, the economic benefit of the product industrialization of raising.
Description of the drawings
Attached drawing 1 is the process flow chart of the present invention.
Specific implementation mode
In conjunction with attached drawing 1 and the following example content that the present invention is furture elucidated, so that the public preferably grasps the present invention
Implementation；Specific process step is：
1, it is inoculated with the making of bag：
Selected raw material is fresh, without the quality raw materials to go mouldy, meets Termitomyces albuminosus with black skin production technology items nutritional requirement.
It is detected by every technology, meets fruiting production requirement.
（1）Compost：The percentage of each raw material is respectively：45% cotton seed hull, 22% wheat bran, 18% sawdust, 7% corncob, 5%
Corn flour, 3% dregs of beans；By the qualified raw material of detection, requires that transit mixer is added according to said ratio, add water to be stirred, contain
Water rate control is in 60%-63% or so.
（2）It packs：The compost that will be stirred is sent to by automatic transmission belt at automatic packer, and operating personnel will
Bacterium bag is sleeved on automatic packer（Polyethylene plastic bag or polypropylene plastics pocket can be selected in bacterium bag, selects 17 centimetres wide, 33 lis of length
Rice is 0.05 millimeter thick）, each bacterium bag is weighed after installing, it is ensured that each bacterium bag is at 1.2-1.4 kilograms or so；Operating personnel are with thoroughly
The moisture-proof plastic lid sealing of gas.
（3）It sterilizes：The bacterium bag of mouth will be sealed, be transferred in high-temperature sterilizing chambers, carries out sterilization treatment；Bacterium bag is packed into high
After warm sterilizer, high-temperature sterilizing chambers are completely enclosed, are then begun to warm up again, after heating 3 hours so that the pressure of sterilizing chamber
Power reaches 0.15Mpa, and temperature can when reaching 121 degrees Celsius；Autoclave is not opened after the completion of heating at once, waits for 30
It opens after minute, can be vaccinated with after cooling again.
2, liquid strain makes：
（1）Fluid nutrient medium is prepared：It is first that extraction supernatant is cooked in potato, it then prepares containing 3% glucose, 1% jade
The solution of rice flour, 0.1% magnesium sulfate and 0.15% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potato supernatant and above-mentioned solution and water finally mixes be
It can.This liquid culture medium is suitable for the culture of multiple eating bacterium strain.
（2）Shake flask culture：After liquid culture medium prepares, it is fitted into the conical flask that capacity is 500 milliliters, often
It is bottled enter 100 milliliters, and small bead is added, bottleneck tampon, brown paper sealing are gone out under 1.5 thousand grams/cm of pressure
Bacterium 30 minutes；Then one piece about 2 square centimeters of slant strains, the stationary culture 24 hours at 23 DEG C~25 DEG C are put into；Wait for bacterium
Silk is placed on shaken cultivation on reciprocal shaker again when sprouting, frequency of oscillation is 80~100 times per minute, and amplitude is 6~10 lis
Rice；The temperature of shaking table room is controlled at 24 DEG C~25 DEG C, and incubation time is generally at 4-6 days or so.The strain of this step culture can be with
It is directly inoculated with, can also again be cultivated into next step.
（3）Liquid seeds tank ferments：Under the protection of pyrosphere, by step（2）The strain of culture pours into rapidly liquid spawn
Culture tank is closed tank mouth and is cultivated；Snorkel is aseptically installed, makes pressure inside the tank in 0.02MPa-0.04MPa, uses
Oxygen therapy machine is cultivated 48-72 hours after being passed through appropriate oxygen.Cultivate the standard terminated：Culture solution is as clear as crystal, wherein left floating big
Small mycelium pellet is measured, and with the distinctive fragrant of mushroom class.
Culture medium in strain cultivation tank be containing 3% corn flour, 3% glucose, 2% wheat bran, 0.3% peptone,
The pH value of the solution of 0.1% magnesium sulfate, 0.15% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.05% vitamin B, 0.3% sodium nitrate, the solution is 6.
Before carrying out new strain production in strain cultivation tank, it is necessary to the clear water of flowing, the inner wall of tank is washed away repeatedly,
With specific long handle iron wire brush, the mycoderma on tank skin, the dirts such as feed liquid are brushed away.To the tank mouth pad of tank, it is inoculated with valve, intake valve, control
Each sections part such as cabinet processed is checked, if faulty, needs to exclude in time.First plus water is to the midline of visor, and fastening connects
Kind of lid, closes intake valve, is on switch, presses heating key, into sterilizing state, when temperature reaches 100 degrees Celsius, continues 20
Minute, disinfection terminates, water is bled off.
3, it is inoculated with
In the sterile interior inoculation of inoculation, and staff will wear the work clothes by disinfection, inoculating gun be used more
Layer gauze wraps, and one layer of brown paper of outsourcing is tied with cotton rope etc. is tired；Inoculating gun and inoculated tube are put into autoclave, pot
Lid covers, and sterilizes 40 minutes；Inoculated tube after sterilizing is quickly connected to strain cultivation under the protection of alcolhol burner flame
Tank is inoculated on valve, is opened inoculation valve, inoculating gun is placed under the flame of alcolhol burner and is sterilized, and is connect toward what is cooled down with inoculating gun after allowing
Inoculation in kind bag, every bag of inoculum concentration is in 35-40ml.
4, bacterium germination culture
The communicated band of the bacterium bag for connecting strain is entered into culturing room；According to entry time, neatly puts on the top of the shelf, carry out
Storage record；Culture indoor temperature is maintained at 20-25 degrees Celsius, and relative humidity is in 55%--65%.Daily timing ventilation, it is sooner or later each
Once, it is no more than half an hour every time；During bacterium germination, administrative staff inspect periodically culture bag, if it find that there is miscellaneous bacteria to infect
Bacterium bag will clean out culturing room in time, to prevent infecting other bacterium bags；After mycelia covers with bacterium bag, bacterium bag is transferred in mushroom room.
5, restocking earthing
After being transferred to, the bacterium bag of bacterium bag is removed, bacteria stick is taken out, bacteria stick setting is placed in fruiting shelf, bacteria stick and bacterium
5 centimetres are divided between stick, above earthing, covered tightly until by bacteria stick, thickness of earth covering is about 1-3 centimetres, is irrigated with water after earthing is complete；
Finally, then covering the turfy soils of last layer 2-4 cm thicks makes the pH value of soil be maintained between 5.5-7, and turfy soil has ventilative inhale
The effect of water, turfy soil are used to simulate the field soil of collybia albuminosa.In order to preferably utilize space, fruiting shelf to use angle bar system
Make, width is：Intermediate 140cm depends on the 70cm of wall, is highly 70cm, can specifically be made according to developed width, height.
6, management of producing mushroom
Before fruiting, fruiting indoor temperature controls between 20-30 degrees Celsius, and day and night temperature is controlled at 8--10 degrees Celsius, material
For temperature control system between 25-27 degrees Celsius, air humidity is maintained at 90% or so, using grey light belt, gives that collybia albuminosa is certain to be dissipated
Illumination is penetrated, intensity of illumination is controlled in 300 luxs or so.Timing ventilation keeps with fresh air in mushroom producing room.
It after fruiting, to strengthen management, improve yield, promote quality.The fruiting room temperature in fruiting period will be maintained at 20-30
Degree Celsius, day and night temperature is maintained at 8--10 degrees Celsius, under 8-10 degrees Celsius of thermal stimulation, is conducive to the quick of fructification
Differentiation, material temperature control reinforce ventilation in 25 degrees centigrades, air humidity control in 85%-95%.Collybia albuminosa needs one when fruiting
Fixed astigmatism irradiation, intensity of illumination should be controlled in the luxs 100-300.
7, it harvests
Fruiting 5 days or so, when bacteria cover diameter grows to 2-5 centimetres, you can first batch of mushroom of harvesting；Harvesting is timely, upper
Harvesting before cap does not open completely；Three batches of mushrooms or so, the interval of every batch of mushroom 10 days or so can be harvested altogether.Bacterium is held when harvesting
Handle, gently turn-knob, connects root and pulls up together, is put into harvesting basket.Also bed surface is handled after the completion of collybia albuminosa harvesting, every batch
After mushroom has been adopted, the mushroom root and dead mushroom that are left on bed surface should all be cleaned out in time, in order to avoid causing to rot, miscellaneous bacteria be caused to infect.
The fine earth of moistening is replenished in time, keeps bed surface smooth.
The nutrient composition content comparison of the collybia albuminosa that the present invention cultivates and wild collybia albuminosa is as follows：
Collybia albuminosa produced by the invention：Every 100 grams aqueous 92.61%, dry matter 7.39%；
Wild collybia albuminosa：Every 100 grams of fresh collybia albuminosas aqueous 92.43%, dry matter 7.57%；
Wherein：The ingredient of dry matter is as follows：
The wild collybia albuminosa of collybia albuminosa produced by the invention
Containing crude protein 34.94%；Containing crude protein 32.58%；
Crude fat 5.40%；Crude fat 5.75%；
Crude fibre 14.91%；Crude fibre 15.11%；
Soluble sugar 4.5%；Soluble sugar 4.1%；
Hydrolysis sugar 9.59%；Hydrolysis sugar 8.73%；
Ash content 7.73%；Ash content 7.93%；
All alcohol and 16 kinds of amino acid and vitamin C are stayed containing ergot.
From above-mentioned data, it can be seen that the collybia albuminosa cultivated of the present invention is compared with wild collybia albuminosa, nutritions components
It has reached or more than wild collybia albuminosa.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of collybia albuminosa cultural method, it is characterised in that include the following steps：
（1）Bacterium germination culture：Bacterium bag is sent into culturing room, control culture room temperature is maintained at 20--25 degrees Celsius, relative humidity control
In 55%--65%, bacterium bag is transferred in mushroom room after mycelia covers with bacterium bag and carries out next step system by daily timing ventilation；
（2）Earthing：After being transferred to mushroom room, the bacterium bag of bacterium bag is removed, take out bacteria stick, the bacteria stick of taking-up is put well, above earthing
And covered tightly, then irrigated with water；The last turfy soil for covering one layer of 2-4 cm thick again, makes P in soil H be maintained at 5 .5-
7, into the management of producing mushroom stage；
（3）Management of producing mushroom：Before fruiting, at 20--30 degrees Celsius, day and night temperature is controlled 8-10 the indoor temperature control of fruiting
Degree Celsius, air humidity control is controlled in 90%--95%, intensity of illumination in 250-300 luxs；After fruiting, fruiting is indoor
Temperature is maintained at 20-30 degrees Celsius, and day and night temperature is maintained at 8-10 degrees Celsius, and air humidity is controlled in 85%--95%, illumination control
System enters harvest stages in the luxs 100--300；
（4）It harvests：When bacteria cover diameter reaches 2-5 centimetres, you can harvesting；
Wherein, the making step of bacterium bag includes：Liquid strain is inoculated under sterile conditions in inoculation bag；The inoculation bag
Bacterium bag including compost and equipped with compost；
The making step of the inoculation bag is：
1.1.1. compost：By percentage be respectively 45% cotton seed hull, 22% wheat bran, 18% sawdust, 7% corncob, 5% corn flour and
The raw material of 3% dregs of beans is in blender plus water stirs, and water content control is in 60%--65%；
1.1.2. pack：The compost being stirred is fitted into bacterium bag, is sealed with the plastic lid of air-permeable dampproof；
1.1.3. sterilizing：The bacterium bag of mouth will be sealed, be transferred in high-temperature sterilizing chambers, carries out sterilization treatment；
The making step of the liquid strain is：
1.2.1. liquid culture medium is prepared：Supernatant is extracted after first potato is cooked, is then prepared containing 3% glucose, 1% jade
The solution of rice flour, 0 .1% magnesium sulfate and 0 .15% potassium dihydrogen phosphates mixes potato supernatant and above-mentioned solution；
1.2.2. shake flask culture：Being fitted into capacity is in 500 milliliters of conical flask, per it is bottled enter 100 milliliters, and be added small
Bead, bottleneck tampon, brown paper sealing, sterilizes 30 minutes under 1 .5, thousand grams/cm of pressure；Then what is put into is oblique
Face strain is placed in stationary culture 24 hours at 23 DEG C~25 DEG C；It is placed on again when mycelium germination on reciprocal shaker and vibrates training
It supports, frequency of oscillation is 80~100 times per minute, and amplitude is 6~10 centimetres；The temperature of shaking table room is controlled at 24 DEG C~25 DEG C, training
Support 4-6 days time；
1.2.3. liquid seeds tank ferments：Under the protection of pyrosphere, the strain in above-mentioned steps B is poured into rapidly liquid spawn training
Tank is supported, tank mouth is closed and is cultivated, snorkel is aseptically installed, make pressure inside the tank in 0 .02MPa-0 .04MPa,
It is cultivated 48-72 hours after being passed through appropriate oxygen with oxygen therapy machine.
2. a kind of collybia albuminosa cultural method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that contained in the strain cultivation tank
It is 3% corn flour, 3% glucose, 2% wheat bran, 0 .3% peptones, 0 .1% magnesium sulfate, 0 .15% potassium dihydrogen phosphates, 0 to have content
.05% the pH value of the solution of vitamin B and 0 .3% sodium nitrate, the solution is 6.
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| CN106069188A (en) * | 2016-06-20 | 2016-11-09 | 马碧勇 | A kind of artificial cultivation method of termitomyces |
| CN106718064A (en) * | 2016-12-22 | 2017-05-31 | 普洱滇洪俊生物科技开发有限公司 | The method that dew chicken fir is cultivated using idle tobacco flue-curing house |
| CN107258327A (en) * | 2017-07-31 | 2017-10-20 | 安龙县农望种植农民专业合作社 | A kind of cultural method of collybia albuminosa |
| CN107484554B (en) * | 2017-09-29 | 2020-06-26 | 贵州棒棒食用菌产业有限公司 | Artificial termitomyces albuminosus cultivation method |
| CN108967038A (en) * | 2018-08-28 | 2018-12-11 | 铜陵盛牛菌业有限责任公司 | A kind of method of liquid strain cultivation mushroom |
| CN110122188B (en) * | 2019-06-28 | 2021-10-01 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院微生物研究所 | Edible fungus cultivation nutrition promoter and application thereof |
| CN110637676A (en) * | 2019-10-25 | 2020-01-03 | 葫芦岛农函大玄宇食用菌野驯繁育有限公司 | Termitomyces albuminosus cultivation method and cultivation medium |
| CN111919660A (en) * | 2020-08-11 | 2020-11-13 | 南京康之春生物科技有限公司 | Cultivation method of termitomyces albuminosus |
| CN114902911B (en) * | 2022-04-27 | 2023-09-05 | 山东省农业科学院 | Fruiting method for high-density short-period high-yield synergy of long-root mushroom sticks |
| CN116195470A (en) * | 2022-05-19 | 2023-06-02 | 北京市农林科学院 | Method for cultivating fruiting of oospore oudemansiella radiata and application thereof |
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| CN101218876A (en) * | 2007-12-26 | 2008-07-16 | 孙思国 | Termitomyces albuminosus with black skin producing process |
| CN101372701A (en) * | 2008-10-20 | 2009-02-25 | 南京泽朗医药科技有限公司 | Preparation of gold needle mushroom polysaccharide |
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Denomination of invention: A cultivation method of chicken fir fungus Effective date of registration: 20220609 Granted publication date: 20180713 Pledgee: Agricultural Bank of China Limited Liangshan County sub branch Pledgor: SHANDONG YUANYANG AGRICULTURE DEVELOPMENT Co.,Ltd. Registration number: Y2022980007277 |