CN105506370A - 一种Ce、Nd增强钛合金材料 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种Ce、Nd增强钛合金材料,该材料的制备方法包括粉体制备、激光3D打印、真空退火和电化学抛光步骤。通过钛合金粉末原料的元素成分选择,明显改善钛合金的抗拉强度、延伸率和断面收缩率;采用球磨-烧结-再球磨的方式获得成分均匀、粒度较好的3D打印原料;将3D打印技术与真空退火相结合,改善打印后的钛合金性能;并利用电化学抛光解决了3D打印成品粗糙度较高的问题。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及钛合金材料领域,具体的说,是涉及一种Ce、Nd增强钛合金材料。
背景技术
钛合金具有轻质、高强、耐腐蚀、无磁等诸多突出优点,在航空、航天、航海、汽车、化工、生物医学等领域具有广泛的应用。然而,钛合金与其它常用金属相比,也具有价格高、难加工等不足,特别形状复杂构件,采用去材机械加工方式不仅加工困难,而且原料浪费严重。采用铸造方法制备不仅成品率低而且铸造缺陷多且性能不高。采用锻造方法制备,只能制备形状简单以及变形量不大的构件。
3D打印技术是一种累积制造技术,即通过逐层打印的方式来构造物体。它是一种以数字模型文件为基础,运用特殊蜡材、粉末状金属或塑料等可粘合材料,通过打印一层层的粘合材料来制造三维物体。现阶段三维打印机被用来制造产品,3D打印机的原理是把数据和原料放进3D打印机中,机器会按照程序把产品一层层造出来,如此循环直至工件完成,再经过后处理得到成形制件。与传统的去除材料加工技术不同,因此又称为添加制造。
采用3D打印成型制得的材料经常由于选择的材质不同、成型时选择的粘结剂等不恰当以及工艺参数控制不好,会导致制得的坯体表面模糊、翘曲变形、尺寸变形、阶梯状表面、微细结构缺陷、破碎、错层等缺陷,这对于3D打印技术用于制造医用器件是致命的危害。虽然通过后续热处理可以一定程度上改善其性能,但由于热处理过程中容易形成粗大组织,从而降低力学性能。另外,由于激光3D打印钛合金产品的表面粗糙度较差,而很多的结构件表面粗糙度要求是很严格的,因此,产品粗糙度的问题也是目前有待进一步解决的。
发明内容
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明提供了一种Ce、Nd增强钛合金材料,该材料是一种高强度低粗糙度的3D打印钛合金材料。本发明采用的技术方案是:一种Ce、Nd掺杂钛合金材料,所述钛合金材料的制备方法包括以下步骤:粉体制备、激光3D打印、真空退火和电化学抛光步骤;其中,所述粉体制备步骤为:先将钛合金粉末原料进行球磨至粒度为200目以下,然后进行烧结,烧结温度为1180-1250℃,保温时间为1-2.5h,得到钛合金烧结块,将所述烧结块体再次进行球磨,在200-250r/min转速下,球磨8-10小时,最后筛选出粒度为15-25μm的合金粉体,以其作为激光3D打印原料。
所述粉体制备步骤的钛合金粉末原料包含以下元素组成:Al:2.50-3.80%,Zn:0.05-0.15%,Zr:0.85-0.95%,Hf:0.20-0.40%,V:2.20-2.50%,Ge:0.15-0.45%,Nd:0.50-0.80%,Nb:0.40-0.60%,Ce:1.20-1.50%,余量为Ti,上述百分比为质量百分比。
所述激光3D打印步骤中,通过3D打印技术制备成坯件,3D打印的扫描方式采用正交扫描,激光加工参数为:激光功率200-250W,扫描速度为1250-1350mm/s,将激光打印成型的坯料超声波清洗10~15mins,在120~150℃烘干坯体。
所述真空退火步骤中,加热温度为850-880℃,保温时间为1~1.5h,真空度为1.0×10-3~10-4Pa。
所述电化学抛光步骤中,采用电化学抛光进行后处理,得到表面粗糙度为0.6μm~0.7μm的成品。
所述成品的抗拉强度为800~850MPa,延伸率和断面收缩率分别为20%和18%。
优选地,所述粉体制备的钛合金粉末原料包含以下元素组成:Al:2.80%,Zn:0.15%,Zr:0.85%,Hf:0.40%,V:2.50%,Ge:0.35%,Nd:0.70%,Nb:0.50%,Ce:1.50%,余量为Ti,上述百分比为质量百分比。
本发明的优点是:通过钛合金粉末原料的元素成分选择,明显改善钛合金的抗拉强度、延伸率和断面收缩率;采用球磨-烧结-再球磨的方式获得成分均匀、粒度较好的3D打印原料;将3D打印技术与真空退火相结合,改善打印后的钛合金性能;并利用电化学抛光解决了3D打印成品粗糙度较高的问题。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例和对比例对本发明进一步详细说明。
实施例1:
将钛合金粉末原料进行球磨至粒度为200目以下,然后进行烧结,烧结温度为1180℃,保温时间为1h,得到钛合金烧结块,将所述烧结块体再次进行球磨,在200r/min转速下,球磨10小时,最后筛选出粒度为15μm的合金粉体,以其作为激光3D打印原料。其中,采用包含以下元素组成的原料作为上述钛合金粉末原料:Al:2.80%,Zn:0.15%,Zr:0.85%,Hf:0.40%,V:2.50%,Ge:0.35%,Nd:0.70%,Nb:0.50%,Ce:1.50%,余量为Ti,上述百分比为质量百分比。通过3D打印技术制备成坯件,采用正交扫描,激光加工参数为:激光功率200W,扫描速度为1250mm/s,将激光打印成型的坯料超声波清洗10mins,在120℃烘干坯体。真空退火步骤加热温度为850℃,保温时间为1h,真空度为1.0×10-3Pa。采用电化学抛光进行后处理,得到表面粗糙度为0.6μm的成品。成品的抗拉强度为850MPa,延伸率和断面收缩率分别为20%和18%。
实施例2:
将钛合金粉末原料进行球磨至粒度为200目以下,然后进行烧结,烧结温度为1250℃,保温时间为2.5h,得到钛合金烧结块,将所述烧结块体再次进行球磨,在250r/min转速下,球磨8小时,最后筛选出粒度为25μm的合金粉体,以其作为激光3D打印原料。其中,采用包含以下元素组成的原料作为上述钛合金粉末原料:Al:2.50%,Zn:0.05%,Zr:0.95%,Hf:0.20%,V:2.20%,Ge:0.15%,Nd:0.50%,Nb:0.40%,Ce:1.20%,余量为Ti,上述百分比为质量百分比。通过3D打印技术制备成坯件,采用正交扫描,激光加工参数为:激光功率250W,扫描速度为1350mm/s,将激光打印成型的坯料超声波清洗15mins,在150℃烘干坯体。真空退火步骤加热温度为880℃,保温时间为1.5h,真空度为1.0×10-4Pa。采用电化学抛光进行后处理,得到表面粗糙度为0.7μm的成品。成品的抗拉强度为800MPa,延伸率和断面收缩率分别为20%和18%。
实施例3:
将钛合金粉末原料进行球磨至粒度为200目以下,然后进行烧结,烧结温度为1200℃,保温时间为2h,得到钛合金烧结块,将所述烧结块体再次进行球磨,在230r/min转速下,球磨9小时,最后筛选出粒度为20μm的合金粉体,以其作为激光3D打印原料。其中,采用包含以下元素组成的原料作为上述钛合金粉末原料:Al:3.80%,Zn:0.10%,Zr:0.90%,Hf:0.30%,V:2.30%,Ge:0.25%,Nd:0.60%,Nb:0.60%,Ce:1.30%,余量为Ti,上述百分比为质量百分比。通过3D打印技术制备成坯件,采用正交扫描,激光加工参数为:激光功率220W,扫描速度为1300mm/s,将激光打印成型的坯料超声波清洗12mins,在130℃烘干坯体。真空退火步骤加热温度为860℃,保温时间为1h,真空度为1.0×10-3Pa。采用电化学抛光进行后处理,得到表面粗糙度为0.6μm的成品。成品的抗拉强度为830MPa,延伸率和断面收缩率分别为20%和18%。
对比例1:
将不掺杂稀土元素Ce和Nd,其他元素含量与实施例1相同的钛合金粉末原料,采用同样的粉体制备、激光3D打印、真空退火和电化学抛光步骤后,所得到的钛合金产品的抗拉强度最高仅为600MPa。
对比例2:
将元素成分和含量与实施例1相同的铜合金,采用同样粉体制备、激光3D打印和电化学抛光步骤,但改变真空退火过程的工艺参数,当加热温度过高或过低时,其所得到的钛合金产品的抗拉强度最高只有500MPa,延伸率为15%。
由实施例1-3和对比例1和2可以看出,通过利用根据本发明实施例的一种Ce、Nd增强钛合金材料,通过钛合金粉末原料的元素成分选择,明显改善钛合金的抗拉强度、延伸率和断面收缩率;采用球磨-烧结-再球磨的方式获得成分均匀、粒度较好的3D打印原料;将3D打印技术与真空退火相结合,改善打印后的钛合金性能;并利用电化学抛光解决了3D打印成品粗糙度较高的问题。
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例,本领域的普通技术人员可以理解:在不脱离本发明的原理和宗旨的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型,本发明的范围由权利要求及其等同物限定。
Claims (7)
1.一种Ce、Nd增强钛合金材料,其特征在于:所述钛合金材料采用的制备工艺包括以下步骤:粉体制备、激光3D打印、真空退火和电化学抛光步骤;其中,所述粉体制备步骤为:先将钛合金粉末原料进行球磨至粒度为200目以下,然后进行烧结,烧结温度为1180-1250℃,保温时间为1-2.5h,得到钛合金烧结块;将所述烧结块体再次进行球磨,在200-250r/min转速下,球磨8-10小时,最后筛选出粒度为15-25μm的合金粉体,以其作为激光3D打印原料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的钛合金材料,其特征在于:所述粉体制备步骤的钛合金粉末原料包含以下元素组成:Al:2.50-3.80%,Zn:0.05-0.15%,Zr:0.85-0.95%,Hf:0.20-0.40%,V:2.20-2.50%,Ge:0.15-0.45%,Nd:0.50-0.80%,Nb:0.40-0.60%,Ce:1.20-1.50%,余量为Ti,上述百分比为质量百分比。
3.根据权利要求1所述的钛合金材料,其特征在于:所述激光3D打印步骤中,通过3D打印技术制备成坯件,3D打印的扫描方式采用正交扫描,激光加工参数为:激光功率200-250W,扫描速度为1250-1350mm/s,将激光打印成型的坯料超声波清洗10~15mins,在120~150℃烘干坯体。
4.根据权利要求1所述的钛合金材料,其特征在于:所述真空退火步骤中,所述加热温度为850-880℃,保温时间为1~1.5h,真空度为1.0×10-3~10-4Pa。
5.根据权利要求1所述的钛合金材料,其特征在于:所述电化学抛光步骤中,采用电化学抛光进行后处理,得到表面粗糙度为0.6μm~0.7μm的成品。
6.根据权利要求1至5所述的钛合金材料,其特征在于:所述成品的抗拉强度为800~850MPa,延伸率和断面收缩率分别为20%和18%。
7.根据权利要求1至6所述的钛合金材料,其特征在于:所述粉体制备的钛合金粉末原料包含以下元素组成:Al:2.80%,Zn:0.15%,Zr:0.85%,Hf:0.40%,V:2.50%,Ge:0.35%,Nd:0.70%,Nb:0.50%,Ce:1.50%,余量为Ti。
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