Brake disc for railway vehicle alloy vermicular cast iron and melting method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of brake disc for railway vehicle alloy vermicular cast iron and melting method thereof, belong to alloy vermicular cast iron technical field.
Background technology
Current rail truck breaking system just extensively adopts retarding disc mode of braking, this mode of braking in braking procedure more than 90% heat be braked dish absorbed, therefore during car brakeing, retarding disc can experience at short notice and to be rapidly heated and strong convection temperature-fall period, and this must cause retarding disc will bear very high thermal load and thermal stresses in braking procedure.Therefore brake disc of rail transit vehicle material must have good mechanical behavior under high temperature, thermal fatigue resistance, stable heat resistance and certain resistance of oxidation.
Traditional brake disc for railway vehicle is generally cast by grey cast iron and is formed, and grey cast iron has high thermal conductivity, and the features such as good damping property and frictional behaviour, meet the use needs of domestic railway retarding disc to a certain extent within for some time.But the poor toughness of grey cast iron, unit elongation is low, easily causes retarding disc to crack, and then causes brake system to break down, and even causes security incident.In order to improve the physicals of cast iron brake disk, mostly adopt the alloyage process comprehensively adding the elements such as Cu, Cr, Ni, Mo at present, this compacted black cast alloy iron enhances the mechanical property of retarding disc, extends the life-span of retarding disc.But along with progressively starting the speed-increase train of 160km/h in a large number, retarding disc Working environment is more severe, retarding disc cracks due to heat cold replacing during work and the tendency expanded strengthens further, and can not meet service requirements.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of can raising because thermal stresses concentrates the stress threshold causing disk body to ftracture and expand, improve the brake disc for railway vehicle alloy vermicular cast iron of mechanical property.
The present invention is the technical scheme achieved the above object: a kind of brake disc for railway vehicle alloy vermicular cast iron, it is characterized in that, the chemical constitution of described vermicular cast iron, by percentage to the quality, comprise: C:3.3 ~ 3.5%, Si:2.3 ~ 2.5%, Mn:0.4 ~ 0.7%, Cu:0.6 ~ 1.0%, Mo:0.2 ~ 0.6%, Ni:0.6 ~ 1.0%, P≤0.07%, S≤0.02%, and the Fe of surplus, wherein, nodulizing rate >=75% of vermicular cast iron retarding disc, content of pearlite in alloy is 50% ~ 60%.
Brake disc for railway vehicle alloy vermicular cast iron of the present invention and melting method thereof, is characterized in that:
(1), furnace charge preparation: take the pig iron of aequum, steel scrap, foundry returns, high carbon ferromanganese, electrolytic copper, molybdenum-iron and nickel plate by the chemical constitution of vermicular cast iron retarding disc;
(2), melting: the pig iron, steel scrap, foundry returns, high carbon ferromanganese, electrolytic copper and molybdenum-iron and nickel plate are added in induction furnace and carry out melting, the insulation carrying out being no more than 30 minutes when in-furnace temperature to 1480 ± 10 DEG C is also come out of the stove, between soak with deslagging agent to molten iron drossing, then molten iron is come out of the stove and molten iron is poured into compactedization bag;
(3), the method of pouring carries out compactedization inoculation: dig pit at the bottom of the bag of compactedization bag, and insert vermiculizer in order from bottom to up, nucleating agent and siliconized plate, by mass percentage, insert the vermiculizer of 0.5 ~ 0.9% of molten iron total amount, the nucleating agent of 0.6 ~ 1.0% and the siliconized plate of 0.4 ~ 0.6%, wherein, the chemical constitution of described vermiculizer, by percentage to the quality, Mg:4 ~ 7%, Ca:< 3%, RE:7 ~ 12%, Si:40 ~ 46%, the Fe of Al:< 1% and surplus, molten iron is poured in compactedization bag and carry out compactedization inoculation,
(4), cast and isothermal holding: the molten iron after compactedization inoculation is stirred and skims, when molten iron temperature is to teeming temperature 1360-1420 DEG C, molten iron is cast in casting mold, molten iron casting time in compactedization bag controls within 10 minutes, after cast terminates, treat that casting mold naturally cools to temperature≤300 DEG C, casting mold is unpacked peeling, obtained vermicular cast iron casting parts.
Alloy vermicular cast iron of the present invention is ensureing that iron liquid fundamental element mass percentage is at C::3.3 ~ 3.5%, the basis of Si:2.3 ~ 2.5% adds the alloying element that mass percentage is respectively Cu:0.6 ~ 1.0%, Mo:0.2 ~ 0.6%, Ni:0.6 ~ 1.0%, the quasiflake graphite of separating out is caused to increase to increase, reduce shrinkage cavity shrinkage porosity tendency, and increase tensile strength, yield strength and hardness, physicals and the physicals of retarding disc can be effectively raised.And by increasing Mo simultaneously in alloy vermicular cast iron, Cu and Ni element energy refine pearlite, and the content of pearlite in alloy effectively increased in foundry goods matrix, to improve the intensity of foundry goods, chilling tendency can also be reduced particularly by Cu element, improve intensity, hardness and wear resistance, the sensitivity profile of cast iron can be reduced, the heat resistance of retarding disc can be improved by Mo element, and improve the yield tensile ratio of foundry goods, homogeneity in foundry goods matrix can be improved by Ni element, can improve because thermal stresses concentrates the stress threshold causing disk body to ftracture and expand, the mechanical property of the retarding disc obtained can reach technical qualification requirement, nodulizing rate is all greater than 75%.The present invention adds average tensile strength after Ni alloy than the high 100MPa not adding Ni alloy under the same terms, and average elongation is high by 0.4%, and matrix perlite average content exceeds 10%, and hardness mean value exceeds 20HB.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, embodiments of the invention are described in further detail.
Fig. 1 is the metallographic structure figure with test block Medium pearlite content 60% obtained in alloy vermicular cast iron alloyage process embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the metallographic structure figure with nodulizing rate 85% in test block obtained in alloy vermicular cast iron alloyage process embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the metallographic structure figure with test block Medium pearlite content 55% obtained in alloy vermicular cast iron alloyage process embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the metallographic structure figure with nodulizing rate 75% in test block obtained in alloy vermicular cast iron alloyage process embodiment 2 of the present invention.
There is embodiment
A kind of brake disc for railway vehicle alloy vermicular cast iron of the present invention, the chemical constitution of this vermicular cast iron, by percentage to the quality, comprise: C::3.3 ~ 3.5%, Si:2.3 ~ 2.5%, Mn:0.4 ~ 0.7%, Cu:0.6 ~ 1.0%, Mo:0.2 ~ 0.6%, Ni:0.6 ~ 1.0%, P≤0.07%, S≤0.02%, and the Fe of surplus, wherein, nodulizing rate >=75% of vermicular cast iron retarding disc, content of pearlite in alloy is 50% ~ 60%.
C content designs 3.3 ~ 3.5% by the present invention, by controlling carbon content, can increase and cause the quasiflake graphite of separating out to increase, shrinkage cavity shrinkage porosity tendency can be reduced, also solve the graphite that the tensile strength due to cast iron can cause because of carbon content increase to increase, perlite reduces the problem declined to some extent simultaneously.Si content designs 2.3 ~ 2.5% by the present invention, can increase while can reducing pearlitic content, reinforced ferrite, and the trend having graphite to increase, increase tensile strength, yield strength and hardness, also solve the problem that plasticity index can decrease.The design of Mn content 0.4 ~ 0.7%, with stabilizing pearlite content, and is increased intensity and the hardness increase of foundry goods, also solves because Mn too much produces more cementite tissue by the present invention.The present invention increases Mn content in the formula system of alloy vermicular cast iron, reduces again the content of Si simultaneously, is being conducive to pearlitic increasing, and solves the problem of cementite and the increase of foundry goods chilling tendency by increasing alloying element.The present invention is in the formula system of alloy vermicular cast iron, by copper content control 0.6 ~ 1.0%, increase and refine pearlite, reduce chilling tendency, improve intensity, hardness and wear resistance, so that the sensitivity profile of cast iron can be reduced, Mo designs 0.2 ~ 0.6% by the present invention, while increase also refine pearlite, improve intensity, wear resistance and thermotolerance, Mo can improve the heat resistance of retarding disc, improve the yield tensile ratio of foundry goods, especially the cooperation of Cu and Mo, use and can organize content of pearlite in alloy giving full play to alloy raising, carbide is avoided to be formed while improving intensity and hardness effect.Ni can improve the homogeneity of foundry goods, crystal grain thinning and graphite size, contributes to the decomposition of carbide, improves the impelling strength of vermicular cast iron.Alloy vermicular cast iron of the present invention, mass percentage preferably C::3.35 ~ 3.47% of its chemical composition, Si:2.38 ~ 2.47%, Mn:0.47 ~ 0.64%, Cu:0.7 ~ 0.88%, Mo:0.36 ~ 0.51%, Ni:0.62 ~ 0.91%, P≤0.05%, S≤0.02%, and the iron of surplus.The chemical constitution of brake disc for railway vehicle alloy vermicular cast iron of the present invention, by percentage to the quality, is specifically shown in Table 1,
Table 1
Brake disc for railway vehicle alloy vermicular cast iron of the present invention and melting method thereof,
(1), furnace charge preparation: take the pig iron of aequum, steel scrap, foundry returns, high carbon ferromanganese, electrolytic copper, molybdenum-iron and nickel plate by the chemical constitution of vermicular cast iron retarding disc;
Furnace charge of the present invention by mass percentage, when containing the Si at C and 0.67%-0.83% of 4.57%-4.69% in the Q10 pig iron, its add-on can be controlled in 40-75%, when containing C, 0.13%-0.19% and Si of 0.12%-0.17% and the Mn of 0.40%-0.51% in steel scrap, its add-on can be controlled in 10-20%, and foundry returns, high carbon ferromanganese, electrolytic copper, molybdenum-iron and nickel plate suitably add according to molten iron target component;
Concrete furnace charge of the present invention is shown in Table 2 by mass percentage,
Table 2
(2), melting: the pig iron, steel scrap, foundry returns, high carbon ferromanganese, electrolytic copper and molybdenum-iron and nickel plate are added in induction furnace and carry out melting, the insulation carrying out being no more than 30 minutes when in-furnace temperature to 1480 ± 10 DEG C is also come out of the stove, with deslagging agent to molten iron drossing, perlite matter deslagging agent can be adopted to carry out poly-slag and slagging-off, and then molten iron is come out of the stove and molten iron is poured into compactedization bag;
(3) the method that, pours carries out compactedization inoculation: dig pit at the bottom of the bag of compactedization bag, and insert vermiculizer in order from bottom to up, nucleating agent and siliconized plate, by mass percentage, insert the vermiculizer of the 0.5-0.9% of molten iron total amount, the nucleating agent of 0.6 ~ 1.0% and 0.4 ~ 0.6% siliconized plate, concrete component is shown in Table 3
Table 3
Wherein, the chemical constitution of vermiculizer of the present invention, by percentage to the quality, Mg:4 ~ 7%, Ca:< 3%, RE:7 ~ 12%, Si:40 ~ 46% and Al:< 1%, and the Fe of surplus, preferably the chemical constitution of vermiculizer is controlled at Mg:4.4 ~ 6.45%, the Fe of Ca:< 2.5%, RE:7.5 ~ 11.2%, Si:41.5 ~ 45.5% and Al:< 0.9% and surplus.Molten iron is carried out compactedization inoculation in compactedization bag, and concrete chemical constitution is shown in Table 4,
Table 4
(4), cast and isothermal holding: the molten iron surface after compactedization inoculation is stirred and skimmed, when molten iron temperature is to teeming temperature 1360-1420 DEG C, molten iron is cast in casting mold, molten iron casting time in compactedization bag is within 10 minutes, in the present invention's compactedization bag, molten iron goes out to the greatest extent at twice, tap a blast furnace for twice gap again to compactedization bag in put into nucleating agent, when second time molten iron discharging, the stirring action of molten iron in compactedization bag is melted to vermiculizer thus carries out late inoculation, after cast terminates, treat that casting mold naturally cools to temperature≤300 DEG C, casting mold is unpacked peeling, obtained vermicular cast iron casting parts, the control temperature that the present invention is concrete and time are shown in Table 5,
Table 5
The vermicular cast iron test block adopting embodiments of the invention 1 and the 2-in-1 golden method of embodiment to obtain is 220 × 25Y type, and obtain Fig. 1, the 2 metallographic structure figures of test block as can be seen from amplification 100 times by embodiment 1, content of pearlite in alloy reaches 60%, nodulizing rate 85%.Test block is obtained as can be seen from the metallographic structure figure in large 100 times of Fig. 3,4 by embodiment 2, content of pearlite in alloy reaches 55%, nodulizing rate 75%, the standard of tensile strength of the present invention and elongation after fracture is that GB/T228.1-2010 " metal material stretching test part 1: room temperature test method " tests; Perlite and hardness and nodulizing rate JB/T3829-1999 " vermicular cast iron metallographic examination " and GB/T231.1-2009 " metal static hardness test first part: test method " test, and specific performance of the present invention is shown in Table 6,
Table 6
The vermicular cast iron that the present invention obtains can improve because thermal stresses concentrates the stress threshold causing disk body to ftracture and expand, and meets the technical qualification requirement of the mechanical property of retarding disc.