Brake glide quantity detector of crane and its measuring method
Technical field
The present invention relates to for detecting the equipment of crane downslide amount, glide specifically, being related to a kind of crane brake
Measure detector and its measuring method.
Background technology
Crane brake downslide amount is an important indicator for weighing crane safety performance.Crane install check and accept and
It is required for being detected crane brake downslide amount during use, to ensure production safety.According to national crane correlation
Examination criteria, if braking glide quantity needs to carry out halt production repair to crane, until meeting correlation beyond the range allowed
Standard.Quickly, accurately detection braking glide quantity is the important means for improving checkability and ensureing crane safety operation.
Invention content
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of brake glide quantity detector of crane and its measuring method, in solution
The technical issues of stating.
To solve the above problems, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
A kind of brake glide quantity detector of crane, it is characterised in that:Including can be adsorbed on the protection of crane hook pulley
Magnet base, bindiny mechanism, measurement standard ball, video camera on cover, tripod, braking glide quantity for fixed support video camera
Analysis system and braking glide quantity results expression module;The measurement standard ball is fixed on by bindiny mechanism on magnet base, and
In video camera within sweep of the eye;The video camera is connected with braking glide quantity analysis system, and is acquired video letter
Number it is transferred to braking glide quantity analysis system;The braking glide quantity analysis system is connected with braking glide quantity results expression module
It connects, and it is transferred to braking glide quantity to acquired video signal analysis, the crane brake downslide amount result being calculated
Results expression module.
Further say, the measurement standard ball is white translucent orbicule, it is internal be equipped with by wireless control, can
Send out the light source of multiple color light.
The measuring method of above-mentioned brake glide quantity detector of crane, it is characterised in that:Include the following steps:
First, preparation:By magnet base absorption on crane hook pulley protective cover, hung on crane hook specified
Load;By adjusting tripod, video camera is made to be maintained at horizontal position;By adjusting bindiny mechanism, it is in measurement standard ball
One position for being easy to video camera shooting, and by adjusting the position of crane hook, ensure that measurement standard ball is in video camera
Within sweep of the eye, simultaneously, it is to be ensured that in entire measurement process, measurement standard ball all in video camera within sweep of the eye;
2nd, it measures:Crane is operated, makes it under the action of nominal load, the uniform descent since static, until braking
Stop;Video camera records the entire motion process of measurement standard ball with visual form, and the vision signal is sent to system
Dynamic downslide amount analysis system;
3rd, it calculates:
I, braking glide quantities analysis system extracts the image information of measurement standard ball from the vision signal of receiving, and calculates
Go out centre of sphere pixel changes in coordinates function P (t) of the measurement standard ball in the ken;Then, the centre of sphere pixel coordinate obtained is become
Change function P (t) and actual displacement movement function H (t)=T*P (t) be converted to by pixel distance and actual distance transformation ratio T,
Obtain the displacement curve figure of measurement standard ball;
The computational methods of pixel distance and actual distance transformation ratio T:To the image of measurement standard ball in the video of acquisition
It is handled, obtains the pixel diameter D of measurement standard ballP, measurement standard ball actual diameter be known quantity D, then pixel distance with
Actual distance transformation ratio T is expressed as:
H (t) functions of acquisition are carried out derivation by II, braking glide quantities analysis system, obtain the speed of service letter of crane
Number is:V (t)=∫ A (t) dt
Braking glide quantity analysis system obtains the speed of service curve graph of crane as a result,;
III, braking glide quantities analysis system analyzes static before crane declines according to crane speed of service function V (t)
Velocity band AB, crane are even to accelerate decrease speed region BC, crane uniform descent velocity band CD, crane to decline braking
Velocity band DE, crane brake stop velocity band EF;
IV, carries out piecewise fitting using least square method to the actual speed curve obtained, obtains each velocity band
Velocity function, wherein:
The velocity fitting curve representation of static velocity band AB is before 1. crane declines:
V(t)AB=K1, K1It is zero for numerical value after static preceding loading speed fitting
2. the velocity fitting curve representation of the even acceleration decrease speed region BC of crane is:
V(t)BC=K2*t+K3
3. the velocity fitting curve representation of crane uniform descent velocity band CD is:
V(t)CD=K4, K4For uniform descent speed
4. the velocity fitting curve representation that crane declines braking velocity band DE is:
V(t)DE=K5*t+K6
5. the velocity fitting curve representation that crane brake stops velocity band EF is:
VEF(t)=K7, K7Stop back loading speed for braking, numerical value is zero after fitting
After measured rate curve data fitting, K can be obtained respectively1、K2、K3、K4、K5、K6And K7Numerical values recited;
V, crane brake downslide amounts are exactly that crane moves in the process in even slow down of decline braking velocity band DE
Distance, can be expressed as according to above-mentioned CD, DE, EF staged matching equation braking glide quantity H:
Shown according to the experimental data that Site Detection is obtained:K7 is the speed of service of crane after braking stops, and is counted
It is 0 to be worth, and therefore, braking glide quantity H results expressions are:
Advantageous effect:Compared with prior art, brake glide quantity detector of crane of the present invention makes lifting mechanism
The detection of dynamic downslide amount is more convenient, accurate, efficient, meanwhile, it is analyzed by machine vision technique, ensures that measurement result is true
Reality is effective, avoids measuring and fake.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the principle of the present invention schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is the displacement curve figure of heretofore described measurement standard ball;
Fig. 3 is the crane speed of service curve graph that heretofore described braking glide quantity analysis system obtains;
Fig. 4 is the ideal speed curve figure of heretofore described crane operation;
Fig. 5 is the matched curve figure of the heretofore described crane speed of service.
Specific embodiment
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description.
With reference to Fig. 1, brake glide quantity detector of crane of the present invention, including can be adsorbed on crane hook pulley
Magnet base 1, bindiny mechanism 2, measurement standard ball 3, video camera 5 on protective cover 9, the tripod for fixed support video camera 5
6th, braking glide quantity analysis system 7 and braking glide quantity results expression module 8.
The measurement standard ball 3 is white translucent orbicule, internal to be equipped with through wireless control, send out a variety of face
The light source 4 of coloured light.According to the difference of measuring environment, suitable luminescent color is adjusted out to facilitate the extraction standard ball image from video
Information.The emission control circuit of light source 4 can be controlled by braking glide quantity Survey Software, also can be by independent wireless controller control
System.
The measurement standard ball 3 is fixed on by bindiny mechanism 2 on magnet base 1, and the field range in video camera 5
It is interior.The video camera 5 is connected with braking glide quantity analysis system 7, and the video signal transmission acquired is to brake slide
Measure analysis system 7.The braking glide quantity analysis system 7 is connected with braking glide quantity results expression module 8, and by it to institute
Acquisition video signal analysis, the crane brake downslide amount result being calculated are transferred to braking glide quantity results expression module 8.
The measuring method of brake glide quantity detector of crane of the present invention, includes the following steps:
1st, preparation:Magnet base 1 is adsorbed on crane hook pulley protective cover 9, volume is hung on crane hook
Fixed load 10;By adjusting tripod 6, video camera 5 is made to be maintained at horizontal position;By adjusting bindiny mechanism 2, make measurement standard
Ball 3 is in a position for being easy to the shooting of video camera 5, and by adjusting position of crane hook, to ensure measurement standard ball 3
In video camera 5 within sweep of the eye, simultaneously, it is to be ensured that in entire measurement process (i.e.:Crane stops from beginning to decline to decline
Motion process only) in, measurement standard ball 3 all in video camera 5 within sweep of the eye;
2nd, it measures:Crane is operated, makes it under the action of nominal load 10, the uniform descent since static, until system
It is dynamic to stop;Video camera 5 records 3 entire motion process of measurement standard ball, and the vision signal is transmitted with visual form
To braking glide quantity analysis system 7;
3rd, it calculates:
(1) braking glide quantity analysis system 7 is from receiving image information that measurement standard ball 3 is extracted in vision signal, and
Calculate centre of sphere pixel changes in coordinates function P (t) of the measurement standard ball 3 in the ken;Then, the centre of sphere pixel obtained is sat
Mark variation function P (t) is converted to actual displacement movement function H (t)=T*P by pixel distance and actual distance transformation ratio T
(t), the displacement curve figure of measurement standard ball 3 is obtained, as shown in Figure 2;
The computational methods of pixel distance and actual distance transformation ratio T:At 3 image of measurement standard ball in acquisition video
Reason obtains the pixel diameter D of measurement standard ball 3P, the actual diameter of measurement standard ball 3 is known quantity D, then pixel distance with it is true
Actual distance is expressed as from transformation ratio T:
(2) H (t) functions of acquisition are carried out derivation and obtain crane speed of service function by braking glide quantity analysis system 7
For:V (t)=∫ A (t) dt
Braking glide quantity analysis system 7 obtains crane speed of service curve graph as a result, as shown in Figure 3;
From figure 3, it can be seen that the AB stages are the quiescent phase before the movement of nominal load 10, the BC stages are nominal load 10
It it is the 10 uniform descent stage of nominal load from static to the boost phase of uniform descent, CD stages, the DE stages are nominal load 10
10 quiescent phase of nominal load after decelerating phase, the EF stages stopped from uniform descent to braking stops for braking.
The ideal process of crane movements is:It is static-even to accelerate that decline-uniform descent is-even to slow down-stops,
Its ideal speed curve is as shown in Figure 4.
By comparing Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, practical measuring speed curve has different with ideal speed curve, and reason is main
It is that steel wire rope vibration effect and measurement accuracy error are influenced during being declined by crane.
(3) braking glide quantity analysis system 7 is analyzed according to crane speed of service function V (t):Crane is quiet before declining
Only velocity band AB, crane are even accelerates decrease speed region BC, crane uniform descent velocity band CD, crane descending system
Dynamic velocity band DE, crane brake stop velocity band EF.
(4) piecewise fitting is carried out to the actual speed curve obtained using least square method, obtains each velocity band
Velocity function, wherein:
The velocity fitting curve representation of static velocity band AB is before 1. crane declines:
V(t)AB=K1, K1It is zero for numerical value after static preceding loading speed fitting
2. the velocity fitting curve representation of the even acceleration decrease speed region BC of crane is:
V(t)BC=K2*t+K3
3. the velocity fitting curve representation of crane uniform descent velocity band CD is:
V(t)CD=K4, K4For uniform descent speed
4. the velocity fitting curve representation that crane declines braking velocity band DE is:
V(t)DE=K5*t+K6
5. the velocity fitting curve representation that crane brake stops velocity band EF is:
VEF(t)=K7, K7Stop back loading speed for braking, numerical value is zero after fitting
After measured rate curve data fitting, K can be obtained respectively1、K2、K3、K4、K5、K6And K7Numerical values recited,
It is as shown in Figure 5 to be fitted rate curve;
(5) crane brake downslide amount is exactly that crane moves in the process in even slow down of decline braking velocity band DE
Distance, can be expressed as according to above-mentioned CD, DE, EF staged matching equation braking glide quantity H:
Shown according to the experimental data that Site Detection is obtained:K7 is the speed of service of crane after braking stops, and is counted
It is 0 to be worth, and therefore, braking glide quantity H results expressions are: