CN105451310A - Sensor energy saving method of available Wi-Fi in internet of things and deriving method thereof - Google Patents
Sensor energy saving method of available Wi-Fi in internet of things and deriving method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a sensor energy saving method of available Wi-Fi in an internet of things. The method is characterized in that a high-speed data transmission method is adopted for sensor equipment in an AP communication radius range. A deriving method of the sensor energy saving method of the available Wi-Fi in the internet of things comprises the steps of: firstly, analyzing system models in a typical Wi-Fi sensor network structure, then defining a plurality of different scenes, and researching the influences of all basic operations of the system models on aspects such as power consumption, interference or reliability and the communication radius in each scene. The sensor energy saving method of the available Wi-Fi in the internet of things has the advantages that the high-speed data transmission method is adopted for the sensor equipment in the AP communication radius range, the power consumption of a sensor is effectively lowered, and the service lifetime of a battery is prolonged.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Wi-Fi transducer in a kind of Internet of Things, particularly the power-economizing method of the transducer of available Wi-Fi and derivation method thereof in a kind of Internet of Things.
Background technology
Along with the expansion of network size, because proprietary solution is difficult to carry out engaging and managing, so standardized technique is first-selected proprietary protocol.IP (Internet protocol) is the candidate's agreement realizing the most suitable connective network layer.Its advantage admit by industrial organizations such as such as IPSO (interconnection protocol of wisdom object) alliances, this tissue promotes IP and is integrated in the transducer that the Internet connects.This method is in household and building automatic, Plant supervisory, smart city, transport, intelligent grid and energy management field extensive use [1].IEEE802.15.4 and 6LoWPAN (IPv6 is applied to a low-consumption wireless territory network) adaptation layer and low-power consumption Wi-Fi are the alternative technique realizing Internet of Things:
The specific demand that 6LoWPAN is developed as wireless senser provides IP to serve.
The power consumption that the enterprise in Wi-Fi field is devoted to reduce Wi-Fi transmitting-receiving can last for several years to make the life-span of battery.
ZigBee traditionally and other based on the design of IEEE802.15.4 agreement due to its Energy Efficient, it is considered to be applied in sensor network.But power effective Wi-Fi assembly and the suitable system of exploitation recently have become the competitive candidate target in this field [2] together with using a model.Low-power Wi-Fi can make battery life last for several years, and also makes in the foundation structure of the IP network being easy to the embedding being integrated into existing compatibility.Reuse existing Wi-Fi foundation structure escapable cost and rapid deployment.The cost of foundation structure drops to minimum by the IEEE802.11 network of widespread deployment, also reduces the total investment amount of the owner simultaneously.Wi-Fi equipment has the advantage of own IP network compatibility, and this is the advantage that of Internet of Things is very large.What define overcomes the needs of problems of proprietary protocol to the gateway of costliness with generally accepted IP connectivity.
In addition, large-scale production is the important advantage of the another one of Wi-Fi, between 2010 and 2015 [3], estimates that every annual meeting reaches the growth rate of 22%.Finally, available network-management tool and knowledge base are the considerable advantages of IEEE802.11, and IT technical staff has been familiar with management Wi-Fi network.
Our research is for destination object with the Internet connectivity of housed device.We find the equipment (Fig. 1) of dissimilar available Wi-Fi in residential housing:
AC power supply device (household electrical appliance, PC): the power consumption of radio communication is not very important.
Chargeable equipment (portable computer, smart mobile phone): adopt chargeable powered battery, their battery general maximum available a couple of days.
Battery powered equipment (as the transducer such as smoke-detectors, motion detector): simple, its standard cell of low power consuming devices is powered, and General Requirements can for the several years.
Therefore, the power-economizing method researching and developing the transducer of available Wi-Fi in a kind of Internet of Things is imperative.Through retrieval related documents, do not find the same or analogous technical scheme with the present invention.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of power-economizing method reducing the transducer of available Wi-Fi in the Internet of Things of the power consumption of Wi-Fi transmitting-receiving, additionally provides the derivation method of the power-economizing method of the transducer of available Wi-Fi in a kind of above-mentioned networking.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, technical scheme of the present invention is: the power-economizing method of the transducer of available Wi-Fi in a kind of Internet of Things, its innovative point is: described method is for the sensor device within the scope of AP communication radius, adopts the method for high rate data transmission data.
The derivation method of the power-economizing method of the transducer of available Wi-Fi in a kind of above-mentioned Internet of Things, it is characterized in that: first analyze the system model in typical Wi-Fi sensor network architecture, then some different scenes are defined, the impact of each basic operation in power consumption, interference or reliability and communication radius in Study system model in each scene.
In system model, as shown in Figure 1, typical Wi-Fi sensor network architecture, comprise transducer or the actuator of multiple available Wi-Fi, these transducers are all connected with an access point, and these transducers are all that the basic operation of these sensor application comprises by this access point accessing Internet:
(1) initialization connects: after transducer start, its self-authentication and be connected to a default AP, and obtains IP address;
(2) keep-alive information: depend on implementation status, if AP can not receive the information of its a certain associate device within certain a period of time, so AP may remove this equipment from the client side list of its association, and in order to keep connecting, equipment must communicate with AP periodically;
(3) transfer of data in cycle: in a common example: equipment periodic ground reads perception data, and data is sent to a control unit;
(4) transfer of data of event triggering: sensor device monitors environmental aspect, if detect that certain event occurs, so will produce an information and send;
(5) command information: the common example of another one is the information being sent to transducer or actuator equipment; Command information comprise send to actuating equipment inquiry, configuration or instruction/action message;
(6) sensor node is typical battery supply set, and also wishes to work the several years when changing battery; Therefore, Energy Efficient and long battery life are to its main requirement; In addition, reliability, fail safe, communication radius and time delay are very important concerning the application of different wireless sensers.
Further, described scene comprises scene I, scene II and scene III, supposes that every day all carries out initialization connection, and scene I represents a simple transducer, and as the thermostat in temperature sensor or heating system, it sends a secondary data in every 5 minutes; Scene II represents a kind of and monitors sensor device, as smoke-detectors, the data that its transmission event per minute triggers and periodic keep-alive data are to keep being connected, the information that event triggers can occur at any time, and they must reliably and fast transport, and the frequency that time triggered information occurs is little, but, in order to understand their impact on battery life, we consider generation per hour high-frequency event once; Scene III comprises and had per minutely both sent cycle data and event trigger information and checked the equipment use case from the information of AP every 10 seconds, this scene represent a kind of we there is transducer and the actuator of configuration, as having the application of the fire protection alarm system of Smoke Detection and siren wherein.
Further, the power consumption key of described Wi-Fi transducer conveniently comprises:
(1) low-power Wi-Fi mode: the power of low-power Wi-Fi chip/module is the major determinant of Wi-Fi sensor battery life performance, G2M5477 is selected to be used for power consumption assessment, it is the low-power Wi-Fi module of existing G2 microsystem, this module has the CPU of 32, real-time clock, hardware encrypting, sensor interface and one 802.11b/gPHY and MAC completely, it comprises eCos real-time oss and to unify lwIPTCP/IP protocol stack, chip structure carries out low power run by its energy management system, it will be closed unwanted assembly and control to change between different electrical power state, new lower powered Wi-Fi module is commercially sold, and supports IEEE802.11n, but the high rate data transmission advantage of 802.11n is with relatively little energy efficiency and higher cost, and this is because the circuit of relative complex causes,
(2) quiescent current and wake the energy up: quiescent current and wake the energy up and play a part main in the intrasystem integral battery door life-span any work period, we expect that Wi-Fi transducer is in resting state at most of time, certain event will cause it to be transformed into state of activation, for the Wi-Fi chip of routine, typical quiescent current is approximately 150 to 250, single wakeup process continues hundreds of millisecond simultaneously, and expend the energy of several millijoule, low-power Wi-Fi system reduces quiescent current, dormancy time and the energy; We measure G2M5477 resting state electric current is 4; In the process waken up, low-power Wi-Fi sensor node initiating hardware and operating system, stablize calibrator and from flash memory loading procedure, program load step makes the size of application program become a key factor of wakeup time and the energy, G2M5477 allows to use multi-mapping application program, here based on specifically waking reason up, start-up code can be selected from storage in a flash memory many executable programs, and the realization of multi-mapping can obviously reduce wakeup time and the energy; In order to utilize this feature, the executable program of operation of definition before performing each: initialization, keep-alive, periodic data, Sensor Events and command information, our measured value display application program often increases 1KB and will expend the time of 200 and the energy [7] of 12, adopt the application program of a 25KB, we measure wakeup time and the energy is approximately respectively 9ms and 400;
(3) energy---compared with the 250kb/s maximum data transfer rate of IEEE802.15.4, the transmission rate of IEEE802.11b/g is much higher for transmission and reception, is 1Mb/s to 54Mb/s; This permission can carry out actual transmission or reception with the time that the sensors consumes of Wi-Fi is considerably less; Operate in higher message transmission rate and also produce less power consumption simultaneously, therefore, message transmission rate is higher, receives/send bits per inch lower according to spent energy; Therefore, send and receive the impact of the energy on battery life and become secondary factor, unless the transducer of available Wi-Fi sends or receives a large amount of data;
(4) MAC retransmits: some aware application are because some information type is as reported to the police, then require height reliability, IEEE802.11 adopts simple affirmation mechanism to guarantee the transmitting between two websites, the frame data of non-acknowledgement are sent to the agreement of last layer, because in conflict or environment, other disturb, the transducer of available Wi-Fi can adopt different MAC retransmission rates, and when assessment shows low rate operation, MAC retransmits and becomes clearly on the impact of power consumption;
(5) fail safe---the sensitive information in each different application field of wireless senser process, this makes effective security mechanism become a kind of important demand; The computing capability that sensor network is limited and internal storage space propose challenge to fail safe; The transducer of IP available brings provides point-to-point safe challenge; 802.11 provide the safety approach of multiple standards that can be supplied to data confidentiality, certification and availability; The conventional Wi-Fi safety approach of research as WEP, WPA/TKIPPSK and WPA2/AES-PSK on the affecting of power consumption time, we notice to there is a balance between the intensity and energy consumption of security mechanism; Fragile WEP introduces insignificant authentication mechanism and encryption overhead; In addition on the one hand, WPA and WPA2 produces considerable authenticated time and energy consumption expense, and this is mainly because the clearing house of information multiple in handshake procedure is caused; Therefore should avoid reconnecting/re-authentication after waking up, to reach good time delay and life performance at every turn; On the contrary, encrypt energy consumption very little, this mainly has benefited from the hardware encrypting of Wi-Fi module.
Further, in described system model, each basic operation is in the impact of each crucial power consumption, specific as follows:
(1) initialization connects: the initialization access phase of all scenes is all the same, usually, perform once in the program of initialization/connection only during setting up at network, instead of daily energy consumption calculation, we suppose that this process occurs once every day, to report because any reason and AP lose the possibility be connected, initial phase duration and energy consumption are according to applied safety approach and whether use DHCP or STATIC IP ADDRESSING and different, the WPA2/AESPSK method that we adopt static IP to distribute, the duration measuring initialization procedure is approximately 3s, energy consumption is approximately 280mJ, initialization attended operation is a catabiotic process, but frequently connects certification if avoid, and it is limited on the impact in integral battery door life-span,
(2) keep-alive information: if Wi-Fi transducer does not need the time extended to send or reception information, so keep-alive information is used for keeping with the communication of AP and avoiding initialization/connection procedure frequently; There is not the standard time that the inactive client of definition and AP disconnect, it is relevant to practical application, adopts the keep-alive information of a minute in scene;
(3) if Wi-Fi transducer communicates enough continually with AP, so keep-alive information is nonessential, so just can make can not disconnect in scene III, for the first two scene, we use empty function countless according to mac frame as keep-alive information, to reach the object of energy effective utilization; When 1Mb/s, we measure and send after Frame, from waking up to keep-alive information event duration of getting back to resting state and energy consumption is respectively 10.72ms and 809mJ; Adopt the scheme waking energy consumption up per minute that it is relevant, observing keep-alive information, to account for the Daily energy expenditure proportion of scene I and II larger; But, even scene II, keep-alive information also than per hour carry out an initialization/connection want Energy Efficient some;
(4) data in cycle send---and most ofs common aware application requirement sensor node periodically wakes up, read sensor data, transmit packet and get back to resting state; Such as, an indoor temperature transmitter sends its measured value to thermostat in every five minutes, power consumption definition factor of this operation is that frequency, the size of packet and the message transmission rate waken up are for scene I, because it is the cycle of five minutes, the energy that so periodically the corresponding consumption of transfer of data is less, but the energy consumption of the less scene III of transmission frequency increases;
(5) We conducted repetitive measurement and adopt UDP as message transmission rate during transport layer protocol and data package size to the impact of energy consumption to understand preferably, we clearly observe advantage when running with higher message transmission rate, for scene I and III, when message transmission rate is brought up to 54Mb/s from 1Mb/s, the ratio of energy consumption shared by daily energy consumption sending periodic data will greatly reduce, when running with higher data rate, the impact of size on battery life of bag data is less, but when running with lower data rate, the size of bag data is considerably obvious on the impact of battery life, for scene I, when its bag size of data is increased to 512B from 8B, the daily energy consumption of periodic transfer of data is increased to 55% from 22%, for same scene when 54Mb/s speed, ratio shared by cyclical transmission data energy consumption is increased to 14% slightly from 9%, therefore, send under two-forty or receive less bag size of data and can produce more favourable power consumption, most of sensor device requires to send little position information, but, have the Wi-Fi transducer of IP/Web ability to process larger data package size by requiring, this is because the expense of additional protocol causes,
(6) event trigger information---we expect that event trigger information sends once once in a while, but they are generally the highly reliable information of time delay key, such as, smoke-detectors produces fire alarm information, or the motion that motion detector report detects, in order to these information of energy fast transport, the equipment of available Wi-Fi keeps extremely important with the connection of AP, so that it does not need again elapsed time to carry out initialization/connection, from energy consumption aspect, event trigger information is very similar to periodic data and sends, but require that extra repeating transmission is to guarantee reliability, for the information that event triggers, due to its delay requirement, we select udp protocol as transport layer protocol on the basis of TCP, reliability requirement is that the mode retransmitted by redundancy according to application is solved, event trigger information is due to its frequency occurred little scene II and III, so do not have a great impact daily energy consumption,
(7) command information---compare with cycle data with keep-alive information; command information is relatively frequently non-; but; for sensor node; one of the most catabiotic task so that mode receives command information timely; according to the required response time; sensor node needs periodically to wake up; to be confirmed whether the there is command information waiting his their process; command information for scene III receives; we adopt above-mentioned power-saving mechanism and 10 seconds beacon listening periods, and so sensor node consumes the energy of 7-8 joule every day.
Further, described interference or reliability comprise throughput, packet success rate and two-way time.
Further, described communication distance is determined jointly by multiple factor, i.e. the sensitivity of the power output of reflector, antenna gain, path loss between transmitting terminal and receiving terminal and receiver; In the middle of these factors, during power output, be subject to the Power Limitation of regulatory requirements and reflector; Most of Wi-Fi transceiver comprise G2M5477 run time power output close to 100mW, this be Europe supervision limitation standard; Path loss heavy dependence physical environment; The sensitivity of receiving terminal is defined as the minimum threshold values of the received signal power requiring a reception successful packet, and it depends on that the power of transceiver, signal bandwidth and speed are according to transmission rate; This dependence makes between message transmission rate and communication radius, set up a kind of design balance: when running with lower traffic rate, receiving terminal is sensitiveer, because this is by the communication radius that causes more growing and more coverage; The coverage requirement of wireless sensor network application depends on the applied environment in network; For business/office environment, typical backbone network comprises multiple router and AP, thinks that whole building provides Wi-Fi (Wireless Internet Access); For residential environment, usually, single AP covers whole family; In addition, the position of AP not necessarily may be positioned at the middle position of building, because this is required by the position of broadband modem; For linking Internet, the deployed position optimizing AP is extremely important, because higher transmission rate can provide good covering like this, also makes the public residential area of building can have higher throughput; But the transducer of available Wi-Fi may be deployed in all corners of basement to roof of building; But the flow load produced due to sensor device is lower, so do not need high data rate, this also can help improve coverage conversely; If need territory, increase coverage, then need use repeater ap.
Further, the measurement result adopting said method to derive is: when high transfer rate, the size of sending/receiving data and packet is very little on the impact of power consumption, in addition on the one hand, when low transmission rate, the impact of the size of sending/receiving energy consumption and packet becomes clearly.Retransmit and have impact to energy consumption, this impact is more obvious to lower rate transmissions, and with regard to safety, WPA2 achieves best one balance in safety and battery life time, its scene run of battery life heavy dependence of the transducer of the available Wi-Fi of research display, especially, whether require that accept command information in time plays very important role in whole energy consumption process, because such action need wakes up continually, other operation, as the keep-alive information that the transmission of initialization/connection, periodic data, event trigger information and connection keep, less on overall power impact, particularly when using in high rate data transmission situation, in general, in most of real scene, the life-span of battery all can reach several years, under normal conditions, interference in net and outside net can not affect the reliable communication of sensor component, in order to determine the possible bottleneck reliably communicated with low time delay, we have studied the performance of extreme condition lower network, only when heavy net flow, AP becomes a bottleneck, and obviously affects time delay and reliability, communication radius and link data rates directly related, as expected, low rate can cause longer communication distance and wider overlay area, our experimental result is presented in a typical residential housing, the AP of a 1Mb/s speed, even without being arranged on optimum position, also all possible sensing station can all be covered, but, the situation operating in two-forty is conducive to realizing low-power consumption, therefore, the necessary balanced communication radius of selection of data rate and battery life, therefore, for the sensor device be within the scope of AP communication radius, recommend to adopt high rate data transmission data.
The invention has the advantages that: in Internet of Things of the present invention, the power-economizing method of the transducer of available Wi-Fi is for the sensor device within the scope of AP communication radius, adopt the method for high rate data transmission data, effectively reduce the power consumption of transducer, extend the life-span of battery;
The derivation method of the sensor power saving method of available Wi-Fi in Internet of Things of the present invention, first it analyze the system model in typical Wi-Fi sensor network architecture, then some different scenes are defined, the impact of each basic operation in power consumption, interference or reliability and communication radius in Study system model in each scene, derivation is simple.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the sensor network architecture that a kind of domestic type can use Wi-Fi.
Fig. 2 is the battery life protocol analysis figure that the present invention uses.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, the invention discloses the power-economizing method of the transducer of available Wi-Fi in a kind of Internet of Things, the method is for the sensor device within the scope of AP communication radius, adopts the method for high rate data transmission data.
The invention also discloses the derivation method of the power-economizing method of the transducer of available Wi-Fi in a kind of above-mentioned Internet of Things, first the system model in typical Wi-Fi sensor network architecture is analyzed, the some different scenes of rear definition, the impact of each basic operation in power consumption, interference or reliability and communication radius in Study system model in each scene, (one) specific as follows is to (five) item.
(1) typical Wi-Fi sensor network architecture, comprise transducer or the actuator of multiple available Wi-Fi, these transducers are all connected with an access point, and these transducers are all by this access point accessing Internet; The basic operation of these sensor application comprises:
(7) initialization connects: after transducer start, its self-authentication and be connected to a default AP, and obtains IP address;
(8) keep-alive information: depend on implementation status, if AP can not receive the information of its a certain associate device within certain a period of time, so AP may remove this equipment from the client side list of its association, and in order to keep connecting, equipment must communicate with AP periodically;
(9) transfer of data in cycle: in a common example: equipment periodic ground reads perception data, and data is sent to a control unit;
(10) transfer of data of event triggering: sensor device monitors environmental aspect, if detect that certain event occurs, so will produce an information and send;
(11) command information: the common example of another one is the information being sent to transducer or actuator equipment; Command information comprise send to actuating equipment inquiry, configuration or instruction/action message;
(12) sensor node is typical battery supply set, and also wishes to work the several years when changing battery; Therefore, Energy Efficient and long battery life are to its main requirement; In addition, reliability, fail safe, communication radius and time delay are very important concerning the application of different wireless sensers.
(2) scene comprises scene I, scene II and scene III, supposes that every day all carries out initialization connection, and scene I represents a simple transducer, and as the thermostat in temperature sensor or heating system, it sends a secondary data in every 5 minutes; Scene II represents a kind of and monitors sensor device, as smoke-detectors, the data that its transmission event per minute triggers and periodic keep-alive data are to keep being connected, the information that event triggers can occur at any time, and they must reliably and fast transport, and the frequency that time triggered information occurs is little, but, in order to understand their impact on battery life, we consider generation per hour high-frequency event once; Scene III comprises and had per minutely both sent cycle data and event trigger information and checked the equipment use case from the information of AP every 10 seconds, this scene represent a kind of we there is transducer and the actuator of configuration, as having the application of the fire protection alarm system of Smoke Detection and siren wherein.
(3) the power consumption key of Wi-Fi transducer conveniently comprises:
(6) low-power Wi-Fi mode: the power of low-power Wi-Fi chip/module is the major determinant of Wi-Fi sensor battery life performance, G2M5477 is selected to be used for power consumption assessment, it is the low-power Wi-Fi module of existing G2 microsystem, this module has the CPU of 32, real-time clock, hardware encrypting, sensor interface and one 802.11b/gPHY and MAC completely, it comprises eCos real-time oss and to unify lwIPTCP/IP protocol stack, chip structure carries out low power run by its energy management system, it will be closed unwanted assembly and control to change between different electrical power state, new lower powered Wi-Fi module is commercially sold, and supports IEEE802.11n, but the high rate data transmission advantage of 802.11n is with relatively little energy efficiency and higher cost, and this is because the circuit of relative complex causes,
(7) quiescent current and wake the energy up: quiescent current and wake the energy up and play a part main in the intrasystem integral battery door life-span any work period, we expect that Wi-Fi transducer is in resting state at most of time, certain event will cause it to be transformed into state of activation, for the Wi-Fi chip of routine, typical quiescent current is approximately 150 to 250, single wakeup process continues hundreds of millisecond simultaneously, and expend the energy of several millijoule, low-power Wi-Fi system reduces quiescent current, dormancy time and the energy; We measure G2M5477 resting state electric current is 4; In the process waken up, low-power Wi-Fi sensor node initiating hardware and operating system, stablize calibrator and from flash memory loading procedure, program load step makes the size of application program become a key factor of wakeup time and the energy, G2M5477 allows to use multi-mapping application program, here based on specifically waking reason up, start-up code can be selected from storage in a flash memory many executable programs, and the realization of multi-mapping can obviously reduce wakeup time and the energy; In order to utilize this feature, the executable program of operation of definition before performing each: initialization, keep-alive, periodic data, Sensor Events and command information, our measured value display application program often increases 1KB and will expend the time of 200 and the energy [7] of 12, adopt the application program of a 25KB, we measure wakeup time and the energy is approximately respectively 9ms and 400;
(8) energy---compared with the 250kb/s maximum data transfer rate of IEEE802.15.4, the transmission rate of IEEE802.11b/g is much higher for transmission and reception, is 1Mb/s to 54Mb/s; This permission can carry out actual transmission or reception with the time that the sensors consumes of Wi-Fi is considerably less; Operate in higher message transmission rate and also produce less power consumption simultaneously, therefore, message transmission rate is higher, receives/send bits per inch lower according to spent energy; Therefore, send and receive the impact of the energy on battery life and become secondary factor, unless the transducer of available Wi-Fi sends or receives a large amount of data;
(9) MAC retransmits: some aware application are because some information type is as reported to the police, then require height reliability, IEEE802.11 adopts simple affirmation mechanism to guarantee the transmitting between two websites, the frame data of non-acknowledgement are sent to the agreement of last layer, because in conflict or environment, other disturb, the transducer of available Wi-Fi can adopt different MAC retransmission rates, and when assessment shows low rate operation, MAC retransmits and becomes clearly on the impact of power consumption;
(10) fail safe---the sensitive information in each different application field of wireless senser process, this makes effective security mechanism become a kind of important demand; The computing capability that sensor network is limited and internal storage space propose challenge to fail safe; The transducer of IP available brings provides point-to-point safe challenge; 802.11 provide the safety approach of multiple standards that can be supplied to data confidentiality, certification and availability; The conventional Wi-Fi safety approach of research as WEP, WPA/TKIPPSK and WPA2/AES-PSK on the affecting of power consumption time, we notice to there is a balance between the intensity and energy consumption of security mechanism; Fragile WEP introduces insignificant authentication mechanism and encryption overhead; In addition on the one hand, WPA and WPA2 produces considerable authenticated time and energy consumption expense, and this is mainly because the clearing house of information multiple in handshake procedure is caused; Therefore should avoid reconnecting/re-authentication after waking up, to reach good time delay and life performance at every turn; On the contrary, encrypt energy consumption very little, this mainly has benefited from the hardware encrypting of Wi-Fi module.
(4) in system model, each basic operation is in the impact of each crucial power consumption, specific as follows:
(8) initialization connects: the initialization access phase of all scenes is all the same, usually, perform once in the program of initialization/connection only during setting up at network, instead of daily energy consumption calculation, we suppose that this process occurs once every day, to report because any reason and AP lose the possibility be connected, initial phase duration and energy consumption are according to applied safety approach and whether use DHCP or STATIC IP ADDRESSING and different, the WPA2/AESPSK method that we adopt static IP to distribute, the duration measuring initialization procedure is approximately 3s, energy consumption is approximately 280mJ, initialization attended operation is a catabiotic process, but frequently connects certification if avoid, and it is limited on the impact in integral battery door life-span,
(9) keep-alive information: if Wi-Fi transducer does not need the time extended to send or reception information, so keep-alive information is used for keeping with the communication of AP and avoiding initialization/connection procedure frequently; There is not the standard time that the inactive client of definition and AP disconnect, it is relevant to practical application, adopts the keep-alive information of a minute in scene;
(10) if Wi-Fi transducer communicates enough continually with AP, so keep-alive information is nonessential, so just can make can not disconnect in scene III, for the first two scene, we use empty function countless according to mac frame as keep-alive information, to reach the object of energy effective utilization; When 1Mb/s, we measure and send after Frame, from waking up to keep-alive information event duration of getting back to resting state and energy consumption is respectively 10.72ms and 809mJ; Adopt the scheme waking energy consumption up per minute that it is relevant, observing keep-alive information, to account for the Daily energy expenditure proportion of scene I and II larger; But, even scene II, keep-alive information also than per hour carry out an initialization/connection want Energy Efficient some;
(11) data in cycle send---and most ofs common aware application requirement sensor node periodically wakes up, read sensor data, transmit packet and get back to resting state; Such as, an indoor temperature transmitter sends its measured value to thermostat in every five minutes, power consumption definition factor of this operation is that frequency, the size of packet and the message transmission rate waken up are for scene I, because it is the cycle of five minutes, the energy that so periodically the corresponding consumption of transfer of data is less, but the energy consumption of the less scene III of transmission frequency increases;
(12) We conducted repetitive measurement and adopt UDP as message transmission rate during transport layer protocol and data package size to the impact of energy consumption to understand preferably, we clearly observe advantage when running with higher message transmission rate, for scene I and III, when message transmission rate is brought up to 54Mb/s from 1Mb/s, the ratio of energy consumption shared by daily energy consumption sending periodic data will greatly reduce, when running with higher data rate, the impact of size on battery life of bag data is less, but when running with lower data rate, the size of bag data is considerably obvious on the impact of battery life, for scene I, when its bag size of data is increased to 512B from 8B, the daily energy consumption of periodic transfer of data is increased to 55% from 22%, for same scene when 54Mb/s speed, ratio shared by cyclical transmission data energy consumption is increased to 14% slightly from 9%, therefore, send under two-forty or receive less bag size of data and can produce more favourable power consumption, most of sensor device requires to send little position information, but, have the Wi-Fi transducer of IP/Web ability to process larger data package size by requiring, this is because the expense of additional protocol causes,
(13) event trigger information---we expect that event trigger information sends once once in a while, but they are generally the highly reliable information of time delay key, such as, smoke-detectors produces fire alarm information, or the motion that motion detector report detects, in order to these information of energy fast transport, the equipment of available Wi-Fi keeps extremely important with the connection of AP, so that it does not need again elapsed time to carry out initialization/connection, from energy consumption aspect, event trigger information is very similar to periodic data and sends, but require that extra repeating transmission is to guarantee reliability, for the information that event triggers, due to its delay requirement, we select udp protocol as transport layer protocol on the basis of TCP, reliability requirement is that the mode retransmitted by redundancy according to application is solved, event trigger information is due to its frequency occurred little scene II and III, so do not have a great impact daily energy consumption,
(14) command information---compare with cycle data with keep-alive information; command information is relatively frequently non-; but; for sensor node; one of the most catabiotic task so that mode receives command information timely; according to the required response time; sensor node needs periodically to wake up; to be confirmed whether the there is command information waiting his their process; command information for scene III receives; we adopt above-mentioned power-saving mechanism and 10 seconds beacon listening periods, and so sensor node consumes the energy of 7-8 joule every day.
(5) interference or reliability comprise throughput, packet success rate and two-way time.
(6) communication distance is determined jointly by multiple factor, i.e. the sensitivity of the power output of reflector, antenna gain, path loss between transmitting terminal and receiving terminal and receiver; In the middle of these factors, during power output, be subject to the Power Limitation of regulatory requirements and reflector; Most of Wi-Fi transceiver comprise G2M5477 run time power output close to 100mW, this be Europe supervision limitation standard; Path loss heavy dependence physical environment; The sensitivity of receiving terminal is defined as the minimum threshold values of the received signal power requiring a reception successful packet, and it depends on that the power of transceiver, signal bandwidth and speed are according to transmission rate; This dependence makes between message transmission rate and communication radius, set up a kind of design balance: when running with lower traffic rate, receiving terminal is sensitiveer, because this is by the communication radius that causes more growing and more coverage; The coverage requirement of wireless sensor network application depends on the applied environment in network; For business/office environment, typical backbone network comprises multiple router and AP, thinks that whole building provides Wi-Fi (Wireless Internet Access); For residential environment, usually, single AP covers whole family; In addition, the position of AP not necessarily may be positioned at the middle position of building, because this is required by the position of broadband modem; For linking Internet, the deployed position optimizing AP is extremely important, because higher transmission rate can provide good covering like this, also makes the public residential area of building can have higher throughput; But the transducer of available Wi-Fi may be deployed in all corners of basement to roof of building; But the flow load produced due to sensor device is lower, so do not need high data rate, this also can help improve coverage conversely; If need territory, increase coverage, then need use repeater ap.
Sum up, the measurement result of being derived to (five) by above-mentioned (one) is: when high transfer rate, the size of sending/receiving data and packet is very little on the impact of power consumption, in addition on the one hand, when low transmission rate, the impact of the size of sending/receiving energy consumption and packet becomes clearly.Retransmit and have impact to energy consumption, this impact is more obvious to lower rate transmissions, and with regard to safety, WPA2 achieves best one balance in safety and battery life time, its scene run of battery life heavy dependence of the transducer of the available Wi-Fi of research display, especially, whether require that accept command information in time plays very important role in whole energy consumption process, because such action need wakes up continually, other operation, as the keep-alive information that the transmission of initialization/connection, periodic data, event trigger information and connection keep, less on overall power impact, particularly when using in high rate data transmission situation, in general, in most of real scene, the life-span of battery all can reach several years, under normal conditions, interference in net and outside net can not affect the reliable communication of sensor component, in order to determine the possible bottleneck reliably communicated with low time delay, we have studied the performance of extreme condition lower network, only when heavy net flow, AP becomes a bottleneck, and obviously affects time delay and reliability, communication radius and link data rates directly related, as expected, low rate can cause longer communication distance and wider overlay area, our experimental result is presented in a typical residential housing, the AP of a 1Mb/s speed, even without being arranged on optimum position, also all possible sensing station can all be covered, but, the situation operating in two-forty is conducive to realizing low-power consumption, therefore, the necessary balanced communication radius of selection of data rate and battery life, therefore, for the sensor device be within the scope of AP communication radius, recommend to adopt high rate data transmission data.
The invention has the advantages that: in Internet of Things of the present invention, the power-economizing method of the transducer of available Wi-Fi is for the sensor device within the scope of AP communication radius, adopt the method for high rate data transmission data, effectively reduce the power consumption of transducer, extend the life-span of battery;
The derivation method of the sensor power saving method of available Wi-Fi in Internet of Things of the present invention, first it analyze the system model in typical Wi-Fi sensor network architecture, then some different scenes are defined, the impact of each basic operation in power consumption, interference or reliability and communication radius in Study system model in each scene, derivation is simple.
More than show and describe general principle of the present invention and principal character and advantage of the present invention.The technical staff of the industry should understand; the present invention is not restricted to the described embodiments; what describe in above-described embodiment and specification just illustrates principle of the present invention; without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention; the present invention also has various changes and modifications, and these changes and improvements all fall in the claimed scope of the invention.Application claims protection range is defined by appending claims and equivalent thereof.
Claims (10)
1. the power-economizing method of the transducer of available Wi-Fi in Internet of Things, is characterized in that: described method is for the sensor device within the scope of AP communication radius, adopts the method for high rate data transmission data.
2. the derivation method of the power-economizing method of the transducer of available Wi-Fi in an Internet of Things according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: first analyze the system model in typical Wi-Fi sensor network architecture, then some different scenes are defined, the impact of each basic operation in power consumption, interference or reliability and communication radius in Study system model in each scene.
3. the derivation method of the power-economizing method of the transducer of available Wi-Fi in Internet of Things according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described typical Wi-Fi sensor network architecture, comprise transducer or the actuator of multiple available Wi-Fi, these transducers are all connected with an access point, and these transducers are all by this access point accessing Internet; The basic operation of these sensor application comprises:
Initialization connects: after transducer start, its self-authentication and be connected to a default AP, and obtains IP address;
Keep-alive information: depend on implementation status, if AP can not receive the information of its a certain associate device within certain a period of time, so AP may remove this equipment from the client side list of its association, and in order to keep connecting, equipment must communicate with AP periodically;
The transfer of data in cycle: in a common example: equipment periodic ground reads perception data, and data is sent to a control unit;
The transfer of data that event triggers: sensor device monitors environmental aspect, if detect that certain event occurs, so will produce an information and send;
Command information: the common example of another one is the information being sent to transducer or actuator equipment; Command information comprise send to actuating equipment inquiry, configuration or instruction/action message;
Sensor node is typical battery supply set, and also wishes to work the several years when changing battery; Therefore, Energy Efficient and long battery life are to its main requirement; In addition, reliability, fail safe, communication radius and time delay are very important concerning the application of different wireless sensers.
4. the derivation method of the power-economizing method of the transducer of available Wi-Fi in Internet of Things according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described scene comprises scene I, scene II and scene III, suppose that every day all carries out initialization connection, scene I represents a simple transducer, as the thermostat in temperature sensor or heating system, it sends a secondary data in every 5 minutes; Scene II represents a kind of and monitors sensor device, as smoke-detectors, the data that its transmission event per minute triggers and periodic keep-alive data are to keep being connected, the information that event triggers can occur at any time, and they must reliably and fast transport, and the frequency that time triggered information occurs is little, but, in order to understand their impact on battery life, we consider generation per hour high-frequency event once; Scene III comprises and had per minutely both sent cycle data and event trigger information and checked the equipment use case from the information of AP every 10 seconds, this scene represent a kind of we there is transducer and the actuator of configuration, as having the application of the fire protection alarm system of Smoke Detection and siren wherein.
5. the derivation method of the power-economizing method of the transducer of available Wi-Fi in Internet of Things according to claim 2, is characterized in that: the power consumption key of described Wi-Fi transducer conveniently comprises:
Low-power Wi-Fi mode: the power of low-power Wi-Fi chip/module is the major determinant of Wi-Fi sensor battery life performance, G2M5477 is selected to be used for power consumption assessment, it is the low-power Wi-Fi module of existing G2 microsystem, this module has the CPU of 32, real-time clock, hardware encrypting, sensor interface and one 802.11b/gPHY and MAC completely, it comprises eCos real-time oss and to unify lwIPTCP/IP protocol stack, chip structure carries out low power run by its energy management system, it will be closed unwanted assembly and control to change between different electrical power state, new lower powered Wi-Fi module is commercially sold, and supports IEEE802.11n, but the high rate data transmission advantage of 802.11n is with relatively little energy efficiency and higher cost, and this is because the circuit of relative complex causes,
Quiescent current and wake the energy up: quiescent current and wake the energy up and play a part main in the intrasystem integral battery door life-span any work period, we expect that Wi-Fi transducer is in resting state at most of time, certain event will cause it to be transformed into state of activation, for the Wi-Fi chip of routine, typical quiescent current is approximately 150 to 250, single wakeup process continues hundreds of millisecond simultaneously, and expend the energy of several millijoule, low-power Wi-Fi system reduces quiescent current, dormancy time and the energy; We measure G2M5477 resting state electric current is 4; In the process waken up, low-power Wi-Fi sensor node initiating hardware and operating system, stablize calibrator and from flash memory loading procedure, program load step makes the size of application program become a key factor of wakeup time and the energy, G2M5477 allows to use multi-mapping application program, here based on specifically waking reason up, start-up code can be selected from storage in a flash memory many executable programs, and the realization of multi-mapping can obviously reduce wakeup time and the energy; In order to utilize this feature, the executable program of operation of definition before performing each: initialization, keep-alive, periodic data, Sensor Events and command information, our measured value display application program often increases 1KB and will expend the time of 200 and the energy [7] of 12, adopt the application program of a 25KB, we measure wakeup time and the energy is approximately respectively 9ms and 400;
The energy---compared with the 250kb/s maximum data transfer rate of IEEE802.15.4, the transmission rate of IEEE802.11b/g is much higher for transmission and reception, is 1Mb/s to 54Mb/s; This permission can carry out actual transmission or reception with the time that the sensors consumes of Wi-Fi is considerably less; Operate in higher message transmission rate and also produce less power consumption simultaneously, therefore, message transmission rate is higher, receives/send bits per inch lower according to spent energy; Therefore, send and receive the impact of the energy on battery life and become secondary factor, unless the transducer of available Wi-Fi sends or receives a large amount of data;
MAC retransmits: some aware application are because some information type is as reported to the police, then require height reliability, IEEE802.11 adopts simple affirmation mechanism to guarantee the transmitting between two websites, the frame data of non-acknowledgement are sent to the agreement of last layer, because in conflict or environment, other disturb, the transducer of available Wi-Fi can adopt different MAC retransmission rates, and when assessment shows low rate operation, MAC retransmits and becomes clearly on the impact of power consumption;
Fail safe---the sensitive information in each different application field of wireless senser process, this makes effective security mechanism become a kind of important demand; The computing capability that sensor network is limited and internal storage space propose challenge to fail safe; The transducer of IP available brings provides point-to-point safe challenge; 802.11 provide the safety approach of multiple standards that can be supplied to data confidentiality, certification and availability; The conventional Wi-Fi safety approach of research as WEP, WPA/TKIPPSK and WPA2/AES-PSK on the affecting of power consumption time, we notice to there is a balance between the intensity and energy consumption of security mechanism; Fragile WEP introduces insignificant authentication mechanism and encryption overhead; In addition on the one hand, WPA and WPA2 produces considerable authenticated time and energy consumption expense, and this is mainly because the clearing house of information multiple in handshake procedure is caused; Therefore should avoid reconnecting/re-authentication after waking up, to reach good time delay and life performance at every turn; On the contrary, encrypt energy consumption very little, this mainly has benefited from the hardware encrypting of Wi-Fi module.
6. the derivation method of the power-economizing method of the transducer of available Wi-Fi in Internet of Things according to claim 2, is characterized in that: in described system model, each basic operation is in the impact of each crucial power consumption, specific as follows:
Initialization connects: the initialization access phase of all scenes is all the same, usually, perform once in the program of initialization/connection only during setting up at network, instead of daily energy consumption calculation, we suppose that this process occurs once every day, to report because any reason and AP lose the possibility be connected, initial phase duration and energy consumption are according to applied safety approach and whether use DHCP or STATIC IP ADDRESSING and different, the WPA2/AESPSK method that we adopt static IP to distribute, the duration measuring initialization procedure is approximately 3s, energy consumption is approximately 280mJ, initialization attended operation is a catabiotic process, but frequently connects certification if avoid, and it is limited on the impact in integral battery door life-span,
Keep-alive information: if Wi-Fi transducer does not need the time extended to send or reception information, so keep-alive information is used for keeping with the communication of AP and avoiding initialization/connection procedure frequently; There is not the standard time that the inactive client of definition and AP disconnect, it is relevant to practical application, adopts the keep-alive information of a minute in scene;
If Wi-Fi transducer communicates enough continually with AP, so keep-alive information is nonessential, so just can make can not disconnect in scene III, for the first two scene, we use empty function countless according to mac frame as keep-alive information, to reach the object of energy effective utilization; When 1Mb/s, we measure and send after Frame, from waking up to keep-alive information event duration of getting back to resting state and energy consumption is respectively 10.72ms and 809mJ; Adopt the scheme waking energy consumption up per minute that it is relevant, observing keep-alive information, to account for the Daily energy expenditure proportion of scene I and II larger; But, even scene II, keep-alive information also than per hour carry out an initialization/connection want Energy Efficient some;
The data in cycle send---and most ofs common aware application requirement sensor node periodically wakes up, read sensor data, transmit packet and get back to resting state; Such as, an indoor temperature transmitter sends its measured value to thermostat in every five minutes, power consumption definition factor of this operation is that frequency, the size of packet and the message transmission rate waken up are for scene I, because it is the cycle of five minutes, the energy that so periodically the corresponding consumption of transfer of data is less, but the energy consumption of the less scene III of transmission frequency increases;
We conducted repetitive measurement and adopt UDP as message transmission rate during transport layer protocol and data package size to the impact of energy consumption to understand preferably, by comparison diagram 3a and 3e, or Fig. 3 b and 3f, we clearly observe advantage when running with higher message transmission rate, for scene I and III, when message transmission rate is brought up to 54Mb/s from 1Mb/s, the ratio of energy consumption shared by daily energy consumption sending periodic data will greatly reduce, when running with higher data rate, the impact of size on battery life of bag data is less, but when running with lower data rate, the size of bag data is considerably obvious on the impact of battery life, for scene I, when its bag size of data is increased to 512B from 8B, the daily energy consumption of periodic transfer of data is increased to 55% from 22%, for same scene when 54Mb/s speed, ratio shared by cyclical transmission data energy consumption is increased to 14% slightly from 9%, therefore, send under two-forty or receive less bag size of data and can produce more favourable power consumption, most of sensor device requires to send little position information, but, have the Wi-Fi transducer of IP/Web ability to process larger data package size by requiring, this is because the expense of additional protocol causes,
Event trigger information---we expect that event trigger information sends once once in a while, but they are generally the highly reliable information of time delay key, such as, smoke-detectors produces fire alarm information, or the motion that motion detector report detects, in order to these information of energy fast transport, the equipment of available Wi-Fi keeps extremely important with the connection of AP, so that it does not need again elapsed time to carry out initialization/connection, from energy consumption aspect, event trigger information is very similar to periodic data and sends, but require that extra repeating transmission is to guarantee reliability, for the information that event triggers, due to its delay requirement, we select udp protocol as transport layer protocol on the basis of TCP, reliability requirement is that the mode retransmitted by redundancy according to application is solved, event trigger information is due to its frequency occurred little scene II and III, so do not have a great impact daily energy consumption,
Command information---compare with cycle data with keep-alive information; command information is relatively frequently non-; but; for sensor node; one of the most catabiotic task so that mode receives command information timely; according to the required response time; sensor node needs periodically to wake up; to be confirmed whether the there is command information waiting his their process; command information for scene III receives; we adopt above-mentioned power-saving mechanism and 10 seconds beacon listening periods, and so sensor node consumes the energy of 7-8 joule every day.
7. the derivation method of the power-economizing method of the transducer of available Wi-Fi in Internet of Things according to claim 2, is characterized in that: described interference or reliability comprise throughput, packet success rate and two-way time.
8. the derivation method of the power-economizing method of the transducer of available Wi-Fi in Internet of Things according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described communication distance is determined jointly by multiple factor, i.e. the sensitivity of the power output of reflector, antenna gain, path loss between transmitting terminal and receiving terminal and receiver; In the middle of these factors, during power output, be subject to the Power Limitation of regulatory requirements and reflector; Most of Wi-Fi transceiver comprise G2M5477 run time power output close to 100mW, this be Europe supervision limitation standard; Path loss heavy dependence physical environment; The sensitivity of receiving terminal is defined as the minimum threshold values of the received signal power requiring a reception successful packet, and it depends on that the power of transceiver, signal bandwidth and speed are according to transmission rate; This dependence makes between message transmission rate and communication radius, set up a kind of design balance: when running with lower traffic rate, receiving terminal is sensitiveer, because this is by the communication radius that causes more growing and more coverage; The coverage requirement of wireless sensor network application depends on the applied environment in network; For business/office environment, typical backbone network comprises multiple router and AP, thinks that whole building provides Wi-Fi (Wireless Internet Access); For residential environment, usually, single AP covers whole family; In addition, the position of AP not necessarily may be positioned at the middle position of building, because this is required by the position of broadband modem; For linking Internet, the deployed position optimizing AP is extremely important, because higher transmission rate can provide good covering like this, also makes the public residential area of building can have higher throughput; But the transducer of available Wi-Fi may be deployed in all corners of basement to roof of building; But the flow load produced due to sensor device is lower, so do not need high data rate, this also can help improve coverage conversely; If need territory, increase coverage, then need use repeater ap.
9. the derivation method of the power-economizing method of the transducer of available Wi-Fi in the Internet of Things according to any one in claim 2 to 8, it is characterized in that: the measurement result adopting said method to derive is: when high transfer rate, the size of sending/receiving data and packet is very little on the impact of power consumption, in addition on the one hand, when low transmission rate, the impact of the size of sending/receiving energy consumption and packet becomes clearly.
10. retransmit and have impact to energy consumption, this impact is more obvious to lower rate transmissions, and with regard to safety, WPA2 achieves best one balance in safety and battery life time;
Its scene run of battery life heavy dependence of the transducer of the available Wi-Fi of research display, especially, whether require that accept command information in time plays very important role in whole energy consumption process, because such action need wakes up continually, other operation, as the keep-alive information that the transmission of initialization/connection, periodic data, event trigger information and connection keep, less on overall power impact, particularly when using in high rate data transmission situation, in general, in most of real scene, the life-span of battery all can reach several years;
Under normal conditions, interference in net and outside net can not affect the reliable communication of sensor component, in order to determine the possible bottleneck reliably communicated with low time delay, we have studied the performance of extreme condition lower network, only when heavy net flow, AP becomes a bottleneck, and obviously affects time delay and reliability;
Communication radius and link data rates directly related, as expected, low rate can cause longer communication distance and wider overlay area, our experimental result is presented in a typical residential housing, the AP of a 1Mb/s speed, even without being arranged on optimum position, also all possible sensing station can all be covered, but, the situation operating in two-forty is conducive to realizing low-power consumption, therefore, the necessary balanced communication radius of selection of data rate and battery life, therefore, for the sensor device be within the scope of AP communication radius, recommend to adopt high rate data transmission data.
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