CN105448459A - Multi-permanent magnet high-speed two-way electromagnet - Google Patents
Multi-permanent magnet high-speed two-way electromagnet Download PDFInfo
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- CN105448459A CN105448459A CN201510907869.9A CN201510907869A CN105448459A CN 105448459 A CN105448459 A CN 105448459A CN 201510907869 A CN201510907869 A CN 201510907869A CN 105448459 A CN105448459 A CN 105448459A
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical group [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 230000005415 magnetization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 abstract description 16
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- BGPVFRJUHWVFKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N1=C2C=CC=CC2=[N+]([O-])C1(CC1)CCC21N=C1C=CC=CC1=[N+]2[O-] Chemical compound N1=C2C=CC=CC2=[N+]([O-])C1(CC1)CCC21N=C1C=CC=CC1=[N+]2[O-] BGPVFRJUHWVFKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明提供的是一种多永磁高速双向电磁铁。每个永磁高速电磁铁包括铁芯、线圈和外壳体，铁芯由圆柱形主磁极和圆环形副磁极构成，线圈安装在线圈安装槽中，外壳体套在铁芯外，主磁极或副磁极底部延伸出环形凸缘，还包括环形小永磁体，小永磁体镶嵌在环形凸缘与主磁极或副磁极之中间，小永磁体的充磁方向为径向辐射充磁，两个永磁高速电磁铁对称布置，两个永磁高速电磁铁共用一个衔铁和一个阀杆，主磁极的中间带有通孔，阀杆穿在所述通孔中，衔铁固定在阀杆上，还包括大永磁体，大永磁体为和铁芯同心的圆柱环、镶嵌在上下两副磁极之间，大永磁体的充磁方向为径向辐射充磁。本发明响应快、可双向运动、稳定性高、低漏磁，适用于柴油机电控燃油系统。
The invention provides a multi-permanent magnet high-speed bidirectional electromagnet. Each permanent magnet high-speed electromagnet includes an iron core, a coil and an outer casing. The iron core is composed of a cylindrical main magnetic pole and a circular auxiliary magnetic pole. The coil is installed in the coil installation groove, and the outer casing is sleeved outside the iron core. The main magnetic pole or An annular flange extends from the bottom of the auxiliary magnetic pole, and also includes an annular small permanent magnet. The small permanent magnet is embedded in the middle of the annular flange and the main magnetic pole or the auxiliary magnetic pole. The magnetization direction of the small permanent magnet is radial radiation magnetization. The two permanent magnets The magnetic high-speed electromagnets are symmetrically arranged. Two permanent magnet high-speed electromagnets share an armature and a valve stem. There is a through hole in the middle of the main magnetic pole. The valve stem passes through the through hole, and the armature is fixed on the valve stem. Large permanent magnet, the large permanent magnet is a cylindrical ring concentric with the iron core, embedded between the upper and lower magnetic poles, and the magnetization direction of the large permanent magnet is radial radiation magnetization. The invention has the advantages of fast response, bidirectional movement, high stability and low magnetic flux leakage, and is suitable for the electric control fuel system of the diesel engine.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及的是一种电磁铁，尤其是一种柴油机电控燃油系统用高速电磁铁。The invention relates to an electromagnet, in particular to a high-speed electromagnet for an electronically controlled fuel system of a diesel engine.
背景技术Background technique
电控燃油喷射系统是现代柴油机燃油系统的发展方向。响应速度能够达到毫秒级的电磁铁可称为高速电磁铁。现阶段，无论是时间控制系统,还是压力-时间控制的高压共轨系统,高速电磁铁都是保证电控燃油系统正常工作的重要零部件，其强电磁力和快速响应特性直接影响喷油定时和喷油量的精确控制。为满足日益严格的排放法规，提高燃油经济性，降低有害物排放，对电磁铁的性能提出了更高的要求。Electronically controlled fuel injection system is the development direction of modern diesel engine fuel system. An electromagnet whose response speed can reach milliseconds can be called a high-speed electromagnet. At this stage, whether it is a time control system or a pressure-time control high-pressure common rail system, high-speed electromagnets are important components to ensure the normal operation of the electronically controlled fuel system. Its strong electromagnetic force and fast response characteristics directly affect the fuel injection timing. and precise control of fuel injection volume. In order to meet the increasingly stringent emission regulations, improve fuel economy, and reduce harmful emissions, higher requirements are placed on the performance of electromagnets.
常规E型电磁铁工作频率较高，由于被反复磁化，导致涡流损耗增大，产热量增加，影响磁性材料的导磁性能，降低了电磁铁工作的稳定性与可靠性。而且常规电磁铁容易出现漏磁现象，对电磁铁性能产生不利影响。为强化电磁铁的散热，减少漏磁，提高电磁铁的稳定性与可靠性，要在满足电磁力要求的前提下合理改善电磁铁结构，对于提高电磁铁性能具有重要的影响。Conventional E-type electromagnets have a high operating frequency. Due to repeated magnetization, the eddy current loss increases and the heat production increases, which affects the magnetic permeability of magnetic materials and reduces the stability and reliability of the electromagnet. Moreover, conventional electromagnets are prone to magnetic flux leakage, which adversely affects the performance of the electromagnet. In order to strengthen the heat dissipation of the electromagnet, reduce magnetic flux leakage, and improve the stability and reliability of the electromagnet, it is necessary to reasonably improve the structure of the electromagnet on the premise of meeting the requirements of the electromagnetic force, which has an important impact on improving the performance of the electromagnet.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于提供一种响应快、可双向运动、稳定性高、低漏磁的多永磁高速双向电磁铁。The object of the present invention is to provide a multi-permanent high-speed bidirectional electromagnet with fast response, bidirectional movement, high stability and low flux leakage.
本发明的目的是这样实现的：包括两个永磁高速电磁铁，每个永磁高速电磁铁包括铁芯、线圈和外壳体，铁芯由圆柱形主磁极和圆环形副磁极构成，主磁极与副磁极之间设置线圈安装槽，线圈安装在线圈安装槽中，外壳体套在铁芯外，主磁极或副磁极底部延伸出环形凸缘，还包括环形小永磁体，小永磁体镶嵌在所述环形凸缘与主磁极或副磁极之中间，小永磁体的充磁方向为径向辐射充磁，两个永磁高速电磁铁对称布置且小永磁体端相对，两个永磁高速电磁铁共用一个衔铁和一个阀杆，主磁极的中间带有通孔，阀杆穿在所述通孔中，衔铁固定在阀杆上，还包括大永磁体，大永磁体为和铁芯同心的圆柱环、镶嵌在上下两副磁极之间，大永磁体的充磁方向为径向辐射充磁、沿径向朝内。The purpose of the present invention is achieved like this: comprise two permanent magnet high-speed electromagnets, each permanent magnet high-speed electromagnet comprises an iron core, a coil and an outer casing, and the iron core is made of a cylindrical main magnetic pole and an annular auxiliary magnetic pole, and the main A coil installation slot is set between the magnetic pole and the auxiliary magnetic pole. The coil is installed in the coil installation slot. In the middle between the annular flange and the main magnetic pole or auxiliary magnetic pole, the magnetization direction of the small permanent magnet is radial radiation magnetization, two permanent magnet high-speed electromagnets are symmetrically arranged and the small permanent magnet ends are opposite, and the two permanent magnet high-speed The electromagnet shares an armature and a valve stem. There is a through hole in the middle of the main magnetic pole. The valve stem passes through the through hole, and the armature is fixed on the valve stem. It also includes a large permanent magnet, which is concentric with the iron core. The cylindrical ring is inlaid between the upper and lower magnetic poles, and the magnetization direction of the large permanent magnet is radial radiation magnetization, radially inward.
本发明的多永磁高速双向电磁铁还可以包括：The multi-permanent high-speed bidirectional electromagnet of the present invention can also include:
1、主磁极中间的通孔为阶梯孔，阶梯孔中设置套在阀杆上的复位弹簧。1. The through hole in the middle of the main magnetic pole is a stepped hole, and a return spring sleeved on the valve stem is set in the stepped hole.
2、所述小永磁体为连续的圆环形。2. The small permanent magnet is a continuous ring.
3、所述小永磁体为由等分的几段圆弧组成的圆环形。3. The small permanent magnet is an annular shape composed of several equally divided circular arcs.
4、所述等分的几段圆弧紧凑排列。4. The several equally divided circular arcs are compactly arranged.
5、所述等分的几段圆弧之间有间隙。5. There are gaps between the several sections of circular arcs that are equally divided.
6、环形凸缘与小永磁体的对接面为圆柱面。6. The butt joint surface between the annular flange and the small permanent magnet is a cylindrical surface.
7、环形凸缘与小永磁体的对接面为圆锥面。7. The butt joint surface between the annular flange and the small permanent magnet is a conical surface.
8、大永磁体为等分的三段圆弧组成，三段圆弧之间有间隙。8. The large permanent magnet is composed of three equally divided circular arcs, and there is a gap between the three circular arcs.
9、还包括冷却组件，所述冷却组件包括阻尼位移调节环、滑阀、阀套，滑阀为中心开有通孔的圆柱体结构，滑阀套在阀杆上，滑阀上设有若干阻尼通孔且均布在同一圆周上，滑阀被复位弹簧预压在阻尼位移调节环上，阻尼位移调节环为中心开有圆柱通孔的凸台结构。9. It also includes a cooling assembly. The cooling assembly includes a damping displacement adjustment ring, a slide valve, and a valve sleeve. The slide valve is a cylindrical structure with a through hole in the center. The slide valve is sleeved on the valve stem. The damping through holes are evenly distributed on the same circumference, the slide valve is preloaded on the damping displacement adjusting ring by the return spring, and the damping displacement adjusting ring is a boss structure with a cylindrical through hole in the center.
本发明的多永磁高速双向电磁铁为上下对称结构，其组成包括外壳体、铁芯、线圈、衔铁、线圈骨架、密封树脂、内嵌阀套、复位弹簧和阀杆。外壳体为中心开有通孔，与衔铁对应位置也开有通孔的圆柱体，两端设置固定螺母。铁芯由铁芯主副磁极和小永磁体构成，凸缘位于主磁极或副磁极底部近线圈侧。小永磁体为和铁芯同心的圆柱环，镶嵌在主磁极与副磁极凸缘中间，其充磁方向为径向辐射充磁，与线圈的产生的磁路方向一致。大永磁体为和铁芯同心的圆柱环，镶嵌在上下两副磁极之间内侧，其永磁体的充磁方向为径向辐射充磁，沿径向朝内。The multi-permanent high-speed two-way electromagnet of the present invention has a symmetrical structure up and down, and its composition includes an outer shell, an iron core, a coil, an armature, a coil frame, sealing resin, an embedded valve sleeve, a return spring and a valve stem. A through hole is opened in the center of the outer casing, and a cylinder with a through hole is also opened in the position corresponding to the armature, and fixing nuts are arranged at both ends. The iron core is composed of main and auxiliary magnetic poles of the iron core and small permanent magnets, and the flange is located at the bottom of the main magnetic pole or the auxiliary magnetic pole near the coil side. The small permanent magnet is a cylindrical ring concentric with the iron core, embedded in the middle of the flanges of the main pole and the auxiliary pole, and its magnetization direction is radial radiation magnetization, which is consistent with the direction of the magnetic circuit generated by the coil. The large permanent magnet is a cylindrical ring concentric with the iron core, embedded in the inner side between the upper and lower magnetic poles, and the magnetization direction of the permanent magnet is radial radiation magnetization, radially inward.
本发明的多永磁高速双向电磁铁采用了永磁双“日”字型铁芯对称结构，主磁极为中心开有阶梯通孔的圆柱体或“T”字型柱体，副磁极为中间开有阶梯通孔的圆柱体，副磁极底部开有两个同心凹槽，大永磁体直径比副磁极最大凹槽直径略大，其高度与衔铁厚度相等，上下两副磁极之间留有间隙。副磁极圆柱体直径与主磁极阶梯中心孔直径相等，主磁极与副磁极下端近线圈侧延伸出凸缘，凸缘是完整的圆柱环或圆锥台结构。阀杆与衔铁通过卡环固定，穿过主磁极中间的内嵌阀套。小永磁体镶嵌在凸缘和磁极之间，采用过盈配合。其上表面与凸缘上表面平齐，小永磁体下表面与主副磁极下表面平齐或略低。小永磁体是完整的磁环或是等分的圆弧永磁体，等分的圆弧永磁体紧密布置或等分均匀间隔分布。大永磁体是均匀间隔分布的等分的圆弧永磁体，位于上下两副磁极之间。主磁极顶端与螺母中心开有带螺纹的孔，两者通过螺钉固连。The multi-permanent high-speed two-way electromagnet of the present invention adopts the symmetrical structure of permanent magnet double "day"-shaped iron cores. A cylinder with a stepped through hole, two concentric grooves at the bottom of the auxiliary magnetic pole, the diameter of the large permanent magnet is slightly larger than the diameter of the largest groove of the auxiliary magnetic pole, its height is equal to the thickness of the armature, and there is a gap between the upper and lower auxiliary magnetic poles . The diameter of the auxiliary magnetic pole cylinder is equal to the diameter of the central hole of the main magnetic pole step. The lower ends of the main magnetic pole and the auxiliary magnetic pole extend from the side near the coil. The flange is a complete cylindrical ring or truncated cone structure. The valve stem and the armature are fixed by a snap ring and pass through the embedded valve sleeve in the middle of the main magnetic pole. The small permanent magnet is inlaid between the flange and the magnetic pole, and an interference fit is adopted. Its upper surface is flush with the upper surface of the flange, and the lower surface of the small permanent magnet is flush with or slightly lower than the lower surface of the main and auxiliary magnetic poles. The small permanent magnets are complete magnetic rings or equally divided circular arc permanent magnets, and the equally divided circular arc permanent magnets are closely arranged or equally divided and evenly spaced. The large permanent magnet is an equally divided arc permanent magnet distributed at even intervals, and is located between the upper and lower magnetic poles. Threaded holes are opened at the top of the main magnetic pole and the center of the nut, and the two are fixedly connected by screws.
本发明的多永磁双日型高速双向电磁铁，采用了永磁“日”字型结构，两个复位弹簧将衔铁置于中间位置，上部线圈通电，下部线圈断电，衔铁向上运动；反之，向下运动，依此来控制衔铁的双向运动。线圈通电后产生的磁场和小永磁体产生磁场叠加，小永磁体一方面屏蔽了主副磁极之间的漏磁，另一方面提供了通过衔铁的磁通，增大了电磁力；衔铁在吸合过程中，大永磁体屏蔽了衔铁与壳体之间的漏磁。副磁极的凸缘增大了铁芯与衔铁的吸合面积，使通过衔铁的磁感线一部分可以经过凸缘，同时也使衔铁整体磁感应强度分布更加均匀，不易出现局部过早饱和的现象。The multi-permanent double-day type high-speed two-way electromagnet of the present invention adopts a permanent magnet "day"-shaped structure, two return springs place the armature in the middle position, the upper coil is energized, the lower coil is powered off, and the armature moves upward; otherwise , moving downwards, so as to control the two-way movement of the armature. The magnetic field generated after the coil is energized and the small permanent magnet produce a superimposed magnetic field. On the one hand, the small permanent magnet shields the magnetic flux leakage between the main and secondary magnetic poles, and on the other hand, it provides the magnetic flux passing through the armature, which increases the electromagnetic force; During the closing process, the large permanent magnet shields the magnetic flux leakage between the armature and the housing. The flange of the auxiliary magnetic pole increases the attraction area between the iron core and the armature, so that part of the magnetic induction line passing through the armature can pass through the flange, and at the same time, it also makes the overall magnetic induction intensity distribution of the armature more uniform, and the phenomenon of local premature saturation is not easy to occur.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明的多永磁高速双向电磁铁示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the multi-permanent magnet high-speed bidirectional electromagnet of the present invention.
图2(a)为主磁极剖面图；图3(b)为副磁极剖面图。Fig. 2(a) is a sectional view of the main magnetic pole; Fig. 3(b) is a sectional view of the auxiliary magnetic pole.
图3(a)-图3(c)为中小永磁体的3种不同结构示意图，图3(a)小永磁体是完整的磁环；图3(b)是小永磁体等分的圆弧永磁体且为紧密布置；图3(c)小永磁体是等分的圆弧永磁体且为等分均匀间隔分布。Figure 3(a)-Figure 3(c) are schematic diagrams of three different structures of medium and small permanent magnets. Figure 3(a) the small permanent magnet is a complete magnetic ring; Figure 3(b) is the circular arc of the small permanent magnet. The permanent magnets are closely arranged; the small permanent magnets in Fig. 3(c) are equally divided arc permanent magnets and are evenly spaced.
图4为图1中大永磁体是等分均匀间隔分布的圆弧永磁体示意图。Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of arc permanent magnets in which the large permanent magnets in Fig. 1 are equally divided and evenly spaced.
图5(a)-5(c)为铁芯主副磁极的四种组合形式，图5(a)为主磁极是中间开有阶梯通孔的“T”字型柱体，副磁极为中间开有阶梯通孔的圆柱体，凸缘在副磁极靠近线圈侧，图5(b)为在图5(a)的基础上延长主磁极横向长度；图5(c)为主磁极为中间开有通孔的圆柱体，主磁极为下端面中心开有凹槽的圆柱体，凸缘在主磁极靠近线圈侧。Figure 5(a)-5(c) are the four combinations of the main and auxiliary magnetic poles of the iron core. Figure 5(a) the main magnetic pole is a "T"-shaped cylinder with a stepped through hole in the middle, and the auxiliary magnetic pole is in the middle A cylinder with a stepped through hole, the flange is on the side of the auxiliary magnetic pole close to the coil, Figure 5(b) is to extend the lateral length of the main magnetic pole on the basis of Figure 5(a); Figure 5(c) opens the middle of the main magnetic pole A cylinder with a through hole, a cylinder with a groove in the center of the lower end surface of the main magnetic pole, and a flange on the side of the main magnetic pole close to the coil.
图6(a)-图6(b)为凸缘与小永磁体的组合形式，图6(a)为凸缘和小永磁体为柱台，图6(b)为凸缘和小永磁体为锥台。Figure 6(a)-Figure 6(b) is the combined form of the flange and the small permanent magnet, Figure 6(a) is the flange and the small permanent magnet as a pillar, Figure 6(b) is the flange and the small permanent magnet For the cone.
图7(a)-图7(b)为铁芯中间开有通孔的可冷却式铁芯结构示意图,图7(b)为图7(a)中减振冷却组件I局部放大示意图。Figure 7(a)-Figure 7(b) are schematic structural diagrams of a coolable iron core with a through hole in the middle of the iron core, and Figure 7(b) is a partially enlarged schematic diagram of the vibration damping cooling assembly I in Figure 7(a).
图8(a)-8(b)为电磁铁线圈不通电和通电状态下，磁路流通示意图，图8(a)为线圈未通电时的电磁铁磁路示意图，图8(b)为线圈通电时电磁铁磁路示意图。Figure 8(a)-8(b) is a schematic diagram of the magnetic circuit flow when the electromagnet coil is not energized and energized, Figure 8(a) is a schematic diagram of the electromagnet magnetic circuit when the coil is not energized, and Figure 8(b) is the coil Schematic diagram of the magnetic circuit of the electromagnet when energized.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图举例对本发明做更详细的描述。The present invention will be described in more detail below with examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
结合图1、图2、图3，本发明的多永磁双日型高速双向电磁铁第一种实施方式的组成包括外壳体15、日型铁芯9，线圈2、衔铁6、卡环10、线圈骨架7、密封树脂3、内嵌阀套14、复位弹簧13和阀杆16。外壳体15为中心开有通孔，与大永磁体对应位置也开有通孔26的圆柱体，上下端各设置固定螺母1。日型铁芯9由主磁极17、副磁极19和小永磁体4构成，主磁极17为中心开有阶梯通孔的圆柱体结构，其上端面轴向开有带螺纹的小孔；副磁极19底部开有环形凹槽18，凹槽中心开有阶梯通孔的圆柱体结构，其中心孔半径R2与主磁极17半径R1相等。凸缘11位于主磁极17底部近线圈侧，在凸缘11与副磁极19之间镶嵌一块小永磁体4，两者采用过盈配合；小永磁体可以是完整的磁环或是等分的圆弧永磁体，等分的圆弧永磁体紧密布置或等分均匀间隔分布，其下表面与日型铁芯9的下表面平齐或略低，其充磁方向为径向辐射充磁，与线圈通电磁路流通方向一致。阀杆16与衔铁6之间由卡环10固定，穿过主磁极中间的内嵌阀套14。大永磁体5位于上下两副磁极之间的凹槽中，其直径与副磁极底部大凹槽直径相等，高度与衔铁厚度相等，大永磁体5的充磁方向为径向辐射充磁，沿轴向向内。本发明的多永磁日型高速双向电磁铁上部分的阀杆16通过卡环10与衔铁5固连，与复位弹簧13、主磁极17、线圈2、副磁极19自上而下依次布置于外壳体15中，小永磁体4自下而上嵌入凸缘和磁极之间，大永磁体5自下而上嵌入副磁极凹槽内，下部分安装顺序与上部分一致，外壳体15两端设置固定螺母1，螺母与主磁极由螺钉8固定。With reference to Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, the composition of the first embodiment of the multi-permanent double-day type high-speed bidirectional electromagnet of the present invention includes an outer shell 15, a Japanese-type iron core 9, a coil 2, an armature 6, and a snap ring 10 , Coil frame 7, sealing resin 3, embedded valve sleeve 14, return spring 13 and valve stem 16. The outer casing 15 is a center with a through hole, and the corresponding position of the large permanent magnet is also a cylinder with a through hole 26, and the upper and lower ends are respectively provided with a fixed nut 1. Japanese type iron core 9 is made up of main magnetic pole 17, auxiliary magnetic pole 19 and small permanent magnet 4, and main magnetic pole 17 is the cylinder structure that has stepped through hole in the center, and its upper end face is axially provided with threaded small hole; The bottom of 19 is provided with an annular groove 18, and the center of the groove is provided with a cylindrical structure with stepped through holes, and the radius R2 of the central hole is equal to the radius R1 of the main magnetic pole 17. The flange 11 is located at the bottom of the main magnetic pole 17 near the coil side, and a small permanent magnet 4 is embedded between the flange 11 and the auxiliary magnetic pole 19, and the two adopt an interference fit; the small permanent magnet can be a complete magnetic ring or an equal portion The circular arc permanent magnets, the equal parts of the arc permanent magnets are closely arranged or evenly spaced, the lower surface of which is flush with or slightly lower than the lower surface of the Japanese iron core 9, and its magnetization direction is radial radiation magnetization, It is consistent with the flow direction of the coil energization circuit. The valve stem 16 and the armature 6 are fixed by a snap ring 10 and pass through the embedded valve sleeve 14 in the middle of the main magnetic pole. The large permanent magnet 5 is located in the groove between the upper and lower secondary magnetic poles. Its diameter is equal to the diameter of the large groove at the bottom of the secondary magnetic pole, and its height is equal to the thickness of the armature. The magnetization direction of the large permanent magnet 5 is radial radiation magnetization. axially inward. The valve rod 16 on the upper part of the multi-permanent day-type high-speed two-way electromagnet of the present invention is fixedly connected with the armature 5 through the snap ring 10, and is arranged in sequence with the return spring 13, the main magnetic pole 17, the coil 2, and the auxiliary magnetic pole 19 from top to bottom. In the outer casing 15, the small permanent magnet 4 is embedded between the flange and the magnetic pole from bottom to top, and the large permanent magnet 5 is embedded in the auxiliary magnetic pole groove from bottom to top. The installation sequence of the lower part is consistent with that of the upper part. A fixing nut 1 is set, and the nut and the main magnetic pole are fixed by screws 8 .
结合图5(a)，本发明的多永磁双日型高速双向电磁铁的第二种实施方式在第一种实施方式的基础上，改变主副磁极的结构，主磁极17为中心开有阶梯通孔的“T”字型柱体，其上端面轴向开有轴向带螺纹的孔，均匀布置在阶梯通孔周围；副磁极19为中心开有通孔的圆柱体，其底部延伸出阶梯凹槽，主磁极17上部柱体直径与副磁极19通孔直径相等，凸缘11位于副磁极19底部近线圈侧。In conjunction with Fig. 5 (a), the second embodiment of the multi-permanent double-day type high-speed bidirectional electromagnet of the present invention is based on the first embodiment, changing the structure of the main and auxiliary magnetic poles, and the main magnetic pole 17 is the center. The "T"-shaped cylinder with a stepped through hole has axially threaded holes on its upper end surface, which are evenly arranged around the stepped through hole; the auxiliary magnetic pole 19 is a cylinder with a through hole in the center, and its bottom extends Out of the stepped groove, the diameter of the upper cylinder of the main magnetic pole 17 is equal to the diameter of the through hole of the auxiliary magnetic pole 19, and the flange 11 is located at the bottom of the auxiliary magnetic pole 19 near the coil side.
同时结合图图5(b)，本发明的多永磁双日型高速双向电磁铁的第三种实施方式是在第一种实施方式的基础上，改变副磁极19大圆柱直径，使其等于主磁极17直径，减小副磁极19高度。该结构取消了副磁极上的固定螺钉8，结构变得更简单，降低了安装难度，提高了电磁铁工作的可靠性。Simultaneously in conjunction with Fig. 5 (b), the third embodiment of the multi-permanent double-day type high-speed two-way electromagnet of the present invention is on the basis of the first embodiment, changing the secondary magnetic pole 19 large cylinder diameters, making it equal to The diameter of the main magnetic pole 17 reduces the height of the auxiliary magnetic pole 19. This structure cancels the fixing screw 8 on the auxiliary magnetic pole, the structure becomes simpler, the difficulty of installation is reduced, and the reliability of the electromagnet is improved.
同时结合图5(c)，本发明的多永磁双日型高速双向电磁铁的第四种实施方式是在第三种实施方式的基础上，改变主副磁极结构，主磁极17变为中心开有阶梯通孔的圆柱体，上端面开有轴向带螺纹的孔。副磁极19为中心开有凹槽的圆柱体结构，凸缘11位于副磁极底部近线圈侧，主副磁极通过螺钉固定。Simultaneously in conjunction with Fig. 5 (c), the fourth kind of embodiment of the multi-permanent double-day type high-speed two-way electromagnet of the present invention is on the basis of the third embodiment, changes the structure of the main and auxiliary magnetic poles, and the main magnetic pole 17 becomes the center A cylinder with a stepped through hole, and an axially threaded hole on the upper end. The auxiliary magnetic pole 19 is a cylindrical structure with a groove in the center, the flange 11 is located at the bottom of the auxiliary magnetic pole near the coil side, and the main and auxiliary magnetic poles are fixed by screws.
同时结合图5(c)、图6(a)、图6(b)，本发明的多永磁径向多线圈双王型高速双向电磁铁的第五种实施方式是改变凸缘11与小永磁体4的配合形式。如图5(c)所示，凸缘11与小永磁体4的配合形式为圆柱环配合且凸缘宽度L1与永磁体宽度L2相等或略大。如图6(a)、6(b)所示，凸缘11与永磁体4的配合形式为圆锥环配合且凸缘的底面宽度L1大于永磁体底面宽度L2。Simultaneously in conjunction with Fig. 5 (c), Fig. 6 (a), Fig. 6 (b), the fifth embodiment of the multi-permanent magnet radial multi-coil double king type high-speed bidirectional electromagnet is to change the flange 11 and the small The matching form of the permanent magnet 4. As shown in FIG. 5( c ), the matching form of the flange 11 and the small permanent magnet 4 is a cylindrical ring fit, and the width L1 of the flange is equal to or slightly larger than the width L2 of the permanent magnet. As shown in Fig. 6(a) and 6(b), the cooperation between the flange 11 and the permanent magnet 4 is a conical ring fit and the width L1 of the bottom surface of the flange is greater than the width L2 of the bottom surface of the permanent magnet.
同时结合图7(a)-7(b)，本发明的多永磁双日型高速双向电磁铁的第六种实施方式是在以上五种实施方式的基础上，在铁芯中心增设减振冷却组件Ⅱ，包括阻尼位移调节环21、复位弹簧13，滑阀25，阀套22，阻尼位移调节环21和滑阀25上设有若干阻尼通孔20且均布在同一圆周上，滑阀25被复位弹簧13预压在阻尼位移调节环21上，阻尼位移调节环21为中心开有圆柱通孔，圆柱通孔周围开有轴向通孔的凸台结构。滑阀25套在阀杆上，其中心孔直径比阀杆略大，可上下移动。阀套22固定在阀杆上，滑阀与阀套之间留有间隙，阀套22在上升过程中，与滑阀25接触，并推动滑阀紧压弹簧，直到衔铁停止运动。衔铁6吸合过程中，该减振冷却组件一方面避免了衔铁猛烈吸合，另一方面燃油受到挤压从中心通孔流过，带走线圈2和日型铁芯9的热量，保证了铁芯材料良好的导磁性能，同时受挤压的燃油从中心通孔排出，降低了衔铁表面液压力，降低了衔铁6运动所受阻尼力，提高了电磁铁动态响应速度。Combined with Fig. 7(a)-7(b) at the same time, the sixth kind of implementation mode of multi-permanent double day type high-speed two-way electromagnet of the present invention is on the basis of above five kinds of implementation modes, adds vibration reduction in the core center Cooling assembly II, including damping displacement adjustment ring 21, return spring 13, slide valve 25, valve sleeve 22, damping displacement adjustment ring 21 and slide valve 25 are provided with a number of damping through holes 20 uniformly distributed on the same circumference, slide valve 25 is pre-pressed on the damping displacement adjusting ring 21 by the return spring 13, and the damping displacement adjusting ring 21 has a cylindrical through hole at the center, and a boss structure with an axial through hole around the cylindrical through hole. Slide valve 25 is enclosed within on the valve stem, and its center hole diameter is slightly larger than valve stem, can move up and down. The valve sleeve 22 is fixed on the valve stem, and there is a gap between the slide valve and the valve sleeve. During the rising process, the valve sleeve 22 contacts the slide valve 25 and pushes the slide valve to compress the spring until the armature stops moving. During the pull-in process of the armature 6, on the one hand, the damping cooling assembly avoids the violent pull-in of the armature, and on the other hand, the fuel is squeezed and flows through the central through hole, taking away the heat of the coil 2 and the Japanese-shaped iron core 9, ensuring The iron core material has good magnetic conductivity, and the extruded fuel is discharged from the central through hole, which reduces the hydraulic pressure on the surface of the armature, reduces the damping force on the movement of the armature 6, and improves the dynamic response speed of the electromagnet.
同时图8(a)、8(b)示出了多永磁双日型高速双向电磁铁的工作原理，如图8(a)所示，当上下部分线圈2都不通电时，复位弹簧13将衔铁6置于中间位置，由于日型铁芯与衔铁之间存在的工作气隙相对铁芯磁阻较大，小永磁体4产生经铁芯副磁极19、主磁极17再到小永磁体4而闭合的磁通Φ4，其中一小部分通过内工作气隙24、衔铁6、外工作气隙23再到小永磁体4闭合的磁通Φ3；如图8(b)所示，当上部线圈通电，下部线圈断电时，其产生经副磁极19、主磁极17、内工作气隙24、衔铁6、外工作气隙23再到副磁极19而闭合的磁通Φ1；由于此时小永磁体4产生的磁感线方向与铁芯9磁感应方向逆向，此时小永磁体4产生大部分经过主磁极17、内工作气隙24、衔铁6、外工作气隙23、副磁极19再回到小永磁体4而闭合的磁通Φ2；大永磁体有效的屏蔽了衔铁与壳体之间的漏磁；线圈通电后产生的磁场和小永磁体产生磁场叠加，小永磁体一方面屏蔽了主副磁极之间的漏磁，另一方面提供了通过衔铁的磁通，增大了电磁力；衔铁在吸合过程中，大永磁体屏蔽了衔铁与壳体之间的漏磁。副磁极的凸缘增大了铁芯与衔铁的吸合面积，使通过衔铁的磁感线一部分可以经过凸缘，同时也使衔铁整体磁感应强度分布更加均匀，不易出现局部过早饱和的现象。随着驱动电流的增大，当吸力大于衔铁6所受阻力时，衔铁开始向日型铁芯方向运动，直至到达最大位移处。大永磁体5产生的磁通不变。当衔铁达到最大位移，线圈可以断电，依靠大小永磁体的磁力可保持衔铁吸合状态，取消了维持电流，减小了能量消耗，降低了线圈的涡流损耗以及发热量。在衔铁6吸合过程中，与大永磁体5吸合面积逐渐减小，所受大永磁体提供的磁吸力也逐渐减小，使衔铁吸合过程柔和，避免了猛烈撞击产生的波动。另外，由于电磁铁一直工作于燃油环境中，衔铁6与日型铁芯9间的燃油受到挤压，衔铁6上开有阻尼孔25，受挤压的燃油可从阻尼孔25和通孔26排出，降低了衔铁表面液压力，减小衔铁运动所受阻尼力，提高电磁铁动态响应速度。当上部线圈断电，下部线圈通电时，衔铁6受到向下的电磁吸力，使衔铁快速向下运动，该结构在驱动电流不变的情况下，不仅增大了电磁力，而且加快了电磁铁的响应速度。Simultaneously Fig. 8 (a), 8 (b) have shown the operating principle of multi-permanent double-day type high-speed two-way electromagnet, as shown in Fig. 8 (a), when upper and lower part coil 2 are not energized, back-moving spring 13 Put the armature 6 in the middle position, because the working air gap between the iron core and the armature is larger than the reluctance of the iron core, the small permanent magnet 4 will generate a small permanent magnet through the auxiliary magnetic pole 19 of the iron core, the main magnetic pole 17 and then to the small permanent magnet. 4 and the closed magnetic flux Φ 4 , a small part of which passes through the inner working air gap 24, the armature 6, the outer working air gap 23 and then to the closed magnetic flux Φ 3 of the small permanent magnet 4; as shown in Figure 8(b), When the upper coil is energized and the lower coil is de-energized, it produces a magnetic flux Φ 1 that is closed through the auxiliary magnetic pole 19, the main magnetic pole 17, the inner working air gap 24, the armature 6, the outer working air gap 23 and then to the auxiliary magnetic pole 19; Now the direction of the magnetic induction line that little permanent magnet 4 produces is opposite to iron core 9 magnetic induction directions, and now little permanent magnet 4 produces most through main magnetic pole 17, inner working air gap 24, armature 6, outer working air gap 23, auxiliary The magnetic flux Φ 2 that the magnetic pole 19 returns to the small permanent magnet 4 and closes; the large permanent magnet effectively shields the leakage flux between the armature and the housing; On the one hand, the magnet shields the magnetic flux leakage between the main and auxiliary magnetic poles, on the other hand, it provides the magnetic flux passing through the armature, which increases the electromagnetic force; when the armature is in the process of pulling in, the large permanent magnet shields the gap between the armature and the housing. Flux leakage. The flange of the auxiliary magnetic pole increases the attraction area between the iron core and the armature, so that part of the magnetic induction line passing through the armature can pass through the flange, and at the same time, it also makes the overall magnetic induction intensity distribution of the armature more uniform, and the phenomenon of local premature saturation is not easy to occur. As the driving current increases, when the suction force is greater than the resistance of the armature 6, the armature starts to move toward the Japanese-shaped iron core until it reaches the maximum displacement. The magnetic flux that big permanent magnet 5 produces is constant. When the armature reaches the maximum displacement, the coil can be powered off, relying on the magnetic force of the large and small permanent magnets to keep the armature in the state of attraction, canceling the maintenance current, reducing energy consumption, and reducing the eddy current loss and heat generation of the coil. During the pull-in process of the armature 6, the pull-in area with the large permanent magnet 5 gradually decreases, and the magnetic attraction force provided by the large permanent magnet also gradually decreases, which makes the pull-in process of the armature soft and avoids fluctuations caused by violent impacts. In addition, because the electromagnet has been working in the fuel environment, the fuel between the armature 6 and the Japanese iron core 9 is squeezed, and the armature 6 is provided with a damping hole 25, and the squeezed fuel can flow through the damping hole 25 and the through hole 26. The discharge reduces the hydraulic pressure on the armature surface, reduces the damping force on the armature movement, and improves the dynamic response speed of the electromagnet. When the upper coil is de-energized and the lower coil is energized, the armature 6 is subjected to downward electromagnetic attraction, causing the armature to move downward quickly. This structure not only increases the electromagnetic force but also speeds up the electromagnet when the driving current remains unchanged. response speed.
以上列举的仅是本发明的部分具体实施例。显然，本发明不限于以上实施例，还可以有许多变形。本领域的普通技术人员能从本发明公开的内容直接导出或联想到的所有变形，均应认为是本发明的保护范围。What is listed above is only some specific embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and many variations are possible. All deformations that can be directly derived or associated by those skilled in the art from the content disclosed in the present invention should be considered as the protection scope of the present invention.
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| CN106960714A (en) * | 2017-04-06 | 2017-07-18 | 许昌学院 | A kind of compositely proportional electromagnet |
| CN108494213A (en) * | 2018-05-18 | 2018-09-04 | 河南理工大学 | A linear actuator with electromagnetic-permanent magnet hybrid action and its application method |
| CN112257239A (en) * | 2020-10-14 | 2021-01-22 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | High-speed electromagnetic actuator dynamic performance calculation method considering eddy current effect |
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Effective date of registration: 20220216 Address after: 214000 industrial resettlement area, Hongshan street, New District, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province Patentee after: WUXI GDS MACHINERY MANUFACTURING Co.,Ltd. Address before: 150001 Intellectual Property Office, Harbin Engineering University science and technology office, 145 Nantong Avenue, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Patentee before: HARBIN ENGINEERING University |