CN105425340A - 一种光学梳状滤波器 - Google Patents
一种光学梳状滤波器 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN105425340A CN105425340A CN201510973424.0A CN201510973424A CN105425340A CN 105425340 A CN105425340 A CN 105425340A CN 201510973424 A CN201510973424 A CN 201510973424A CN 105425340 A CN105425340 A CN 105425340A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- photoconduction
- optical fiber
- optical
- laser
- fiber
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 31
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000001520 comb Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008358 core component Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001208 nuclear magnetic resonance pulse sequence Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
- G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
- G02B6/29379—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means characterised by the function or use of the complete device
- G02B6/29395—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means characterised by the function or use of the complete device configurable, e.g. tunable or reconfigurable
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
- G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
- G02B6/29346—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating by wave or beam interference
- G02B6/29358—Multiple beam interferometer external to a light guide, e.g. Fabry-Pérot, etalon, VIPA plate, OTDL plate, continuous interferometer, parallel plate resonator
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/21—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour by interference
- G02F1/225—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour by interference in an optical waveguide structure
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/21—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour by interference
- G02F1/212—Mach-Zehnder type
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Nonlinear Science (AREA)
- Optical Modulation, Optical Deflection, Nonlinear Optics, Optical Demodulation, Optical Logic Elements (AREA)
- Optical Couplings Of Light Guides (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种光学梳状滤波器,属于光纤通信技术领域,现有技术中的马赫-曾德尔干涉仪滤波器体积较大,不太适合当今小型化的趋势;本发明提供的滤波器,在同一较小的波导上通过激光的作用形成两个导光支路作为马赫-曾德尔干涉仪的两个臂,实现了器件结构简单,结构紧凑,性能稳定,灵活性高,容易调谐。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于光纤通信领域,更具体地,涉及一种新型光学梳状滤波器及其制备方法。
背景技术
密集波分复用(DWDM)系统已经广泛用于干线传输、光纤接入网以及全光网中。DWDM系统的核心器件之一是光波分复用/解复用器。光学梳状滤波器是一种新型光子器件,它的出现可以有效地增加光纤上复用信道数,同时避免了器件结构的复杂和成本太高的缺点,是一种前景很大的新型复用/解复用器件。光纤梳状滤波器可以广泛应用于多个领域:
1、光通信领域:可以应用于多波长光源、多信道色散补偿、多通道带阻滤波器、波分复用/解复用器、掺铒光纤放大器的增益平坦、编码/解码、波长交错器、声光滤波器及多波长光纤激光器中的选模器件等方面。
2、光信号处理领域:可用于生成高速光脉冲序列和光纤光栅解调。
3、光纤传感领域:可应用于温度、折射率等各种物理量的测量。
4、微波通信和信号处理领域:可应用于RoF系统。
5、光电检测领域:可应用于极化聚合物的电光系数测量。
现有光学梳状滤波器按照基本的技术主要分为两大类:基于平面集成光波导技术的光梳状滤波器和全光纤技术的光学梳状滤波器。其中平面光波导技术存在工艺复杂,工序多,周期长,成本高,需要精心的参数设计、损耗大,与现有光纤通信系统兼容性低等一系列问题;因而目前主流的是基于光纤的梳状滤波器。基于光纤梳状滤波器主要有重叠复合型光纤布拉格光栅梳状滤波器、取样光栅布拉格光栅梳状滤波器、光纤马赫-曾德尔干涉仪型梳状滤波器、高折射率光纤型梳状滤波器和光纤法布里-珀罗型梳状滤波器。光栅型梳状滤波器制作工序复杂,精确制作困难;高折射光纤Sagnac环梳状滤波器结构需要额外引入光纤耦合器、偏振控制器、高折射光线以及若干标准单模光纤,附加成本高,偏振损耗大,器件整体尺寸大,有悖于现今的器件微型化的发展趋势;传统的全光纤马赫-曾德尔干涉仪滤波器有2个独立的干涉臂构成,需要2个耦合器,且臂长差无法精确控制,器件整体尺寸大,其他单光纤的马赫-曾德尔干涉仪也大都存在插入损耗大,需要特种光纤、工艺复杂、无法精确控制臂长差,易受外界环境干扰,结构不够紧凑的缺点;而光纤法布里-珀罗型梳状滤波器的插入损耗大,易受外界环境干扰;
针对以上光学梳状滤波器的技术背景,结合当下的研究现状,本文提出了一种插入损耗小,较低的偏振相关损耗,结构简单紧凑,微型化,制作成本低,加工速度快,无需耦合器,特种光纤,偏振控制器等其他器件,光程差精确可控,不受外界环境干扰,与光纤完全兼容以及具有梳状滤波等优点的马赫-曾德尔干涉仪滤波器(MZI)。其上述优良的性能在波分复用系统中和交叉复用技术中具有极高的应用价值。
发明内容
针对现有技术中马赫-曾德尔干涉仪滤波器体积较大的技术问题,本发明旨在解决以上技术的问题。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供了一种光学梳状滤波器,其特征在于,所述滤波器包括:光导,在所述光导上形成由光导支路一和光导支路二,所述光导支路一和所述光导支路二构成了马赫-曾德尔干涉仪的两条臂。
优选地,所述光导为光纤;
优选地,所述光导支路一与所述光纤的轴平行;
优选地,所述光导支路一是由激光作用使得所述光导折射率改变得到。
根据本发明的另一方面,本发明提供了一种光学梳状滤波器的制备方法,其特征在,所述方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将所述光导置于三维移动平台上,使光导的轴向垂直于激光光束的入射方向;
(2)调节的光导的位置,使得光导的部分区域在激光的作用下,折射率有所改变;
优选地,在步骤(2)中,使激光光束聚焦在加工面上;沿光纤的轴向移动三维平台使光纤在加工面内移动;
优选地,在步骤(2)中,调整所述激光的功率使得其超过光导的阈值,使激光光束直接照射到加工面上,沿光纤的轴向移动三维平台使光纤在加工面内移动。
优选地,所述光导为光纤。
总体而言,通过本发明所构思的以上技术方案,与现有技术相比,能够取得以下技术效果:
(1)通过控制激光的脉冲能量和焦点位置,只在设定的部分纤芯区域引起折射率的变化,而不损伤光纤,保证了光纤的完整性,提高了光学梳状滤波器抗外界恶劣环境干扰的能力;
(2)制备的一种基于纤内导光支路的光学梳状滤波器不受光纤特性的影响,可以在各种光纤上制作马赫-曾德尔型光学梳状滤波器;
(3)本发明的器件结构简单,结构紧凑,性能稳定,灵活性高,容易调谐;
(4)激光加工技术重复性好,精度高,成本低,可控性好。
附图说明
图1是本发明中制作的一种基于纤内导光支路的光学梳状滤波器的结构图;
图2是是本发明利用激光器在光纤内部刻写基于纤内导光支路的光学梳状滤波器的示意图;
图3是内含4mm导光支路的光谱透射图;
图4是内含8mm导光支路的光谱透射图;
图5是内含17.5mm导光支路的光谱透射图。
附图标记说明:光纤11,导光支路一12,导光支路二13,马赫-曾德尔干涉段14,三维位移平台21,激光光束22,激光器23,显微物镜24。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合附图及实施例,对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
本发明的工作原理:
将激光聚焦到光导内,通过沉积激光能量,使激光聚焦处激光的功率超过光导的阈值,使得光导的折射率发生改变。折射率改变区域作为一种基于纤内导光支路的光学梳状滤波器的导光支路一,与之并联平行的未受折射率改变的光导区域作为光导内导光支路的光学梳状滤波器的导光支路二;两个导光支路构成了光导内导光支路的光学梳状滤波器的两个臂;当马赫-曾德尔干涉仪的两臂之间的光程差改变时,会引起干涉条纹发生移动,从而实现滤波波长可调和物理量的传感和信号处理等应用,本发明尤其适用于较小的光导,以下以光纤为例。
实施例一:
如图1所示,一种基于纤内导光支路的光学梳状滤波器,其特点在于:滤波响应由一系列频率间隔相同的通带和阻带组成(其特性曲线像梳子一样,故称为梳状滤波器);所述梳状梳状滤波器包括一根光纤11和在其纤芯的导光支路一12、导光支路二13,所述的一根光纤上包含光的传输和核心导光支路区域;所述纤芯的导光支路一是通过激光沿着光纤纤芯轴向改变光纤纤芯折射率形成的光路;所述导光支路二为与导光支路以平行等长的折射率未受改变的纤芯;所述导光支路的长度根据实际的需要而定。
以上仅为本发明的一个具体实施案列而已,并不限定本发明的保护范围,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所做的任何光导类别和结构、激光器类型方面的任何修改,等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
本发明滤波器的制备方法:
实施例一:
一种基于纤内导光支路的光学梳状滤波器制作方法,用于制作实施例一所述的基于纤内导光支路的光学梳状滤波器,其操作方法如下:
1)将光纤11置于三维移动平台21上,使光纤11的轴向垂直于激光光束5的入射方向;通过显微镜观察并调整所述光纤11的位置,使激光器23输出的激光光束通过显微物镜24聚集于所述光纤11的中心;
2)沿所述光纤的轴向移动所述三维平台21,使得激光在光纤11的内部形成导光支路一12和导光支路二13,实际测得光谱分别如图3-5,不同的导光支路长度对应于不同的自由光谱范围(FSR),实际应用中可以根据需求制作不同长度的导光支路;
实施例二:
1)将光纤11置于三维移动平台21上,使光纤11的轴向垂直于激光光束22的入射方向;
2)调整激光的强度超过光导的阈值,即光纤的阈值,通过显微镜观察并调整所述光纤11的位置,使激光器23输出的激光光束通过光导的部分区域。
在本实施例中,所述的导光支路一是由于激光的作用使得折射率改变而形成,所述的飞秒脉冲激光波长为520nm,所述的导光支路宽约4um,长约5mm;所述光纤为普通单模光纤,纤芯直径约8.3um。
本领域的技术人员容易理解,以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (8)
1.一种光学梳状滤波器,其特征在于,所述滤波器包括:光导,在所述光导上形成由光导支路一和光导支路二,所述光导支路一和所述光导支路二构成了马赫-曾德尔干涉仪的两条臂。
2.如权利要求1所述的滤波器,其特征在于,所述光导为光纤。
3.如权利要求1所述的滤波器,其特征在于,所述光导支路一与所述光纤的轴平行。
4.如权利要求1所述的滤波器,其特征在于,所述光导支路一是由激光作用使得所述光导折射率改变得到。
5.一种光学梳状滤波器的制备方法,其特征在,所述方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将所述光导置于三维移动平台上,使光导的轴向垂直于激光光束的入射方向;
(2)调节的光导的位置,使得光导的部分区域在激光的作用下,折射率有所改变。
6.如权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,在步骤(2)中,使激光光束聚焦在加工面上;沿光纤的轴向移动三维平台使光纤在加工面内移动;
7.如权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,在步骤(2)中,调整所述激光的功率使得其超过光导的阈值,使激光光束直接照射到加工面上,沿光纤的轴向移动三维平台使光纤在加工面内移动。
8.如权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,所述光导为光纤。
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201510973424.0A CN105425340B (zh) | 2015-12-21 | 2015-12-21 | 一种光学梳状滤波器 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201510973424.0A CN105425340B (zh) | 2015-12-21 | 2015-12-21 | 一种光学梳状滤波器 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN105425340A true CN105425340A (zh) | 2016-03-23 |
CN105425340B CN105425340B (zh) | 2018-08-31 |
Family
ID=55503661
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201510973424.0A Active CN105425340B (zh) | 2015-12-21 | 2015-12-21 | 一种光学梳状滤波器 |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN105425340B (zh) |
Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH10274718A (ja) * | 1996-12-20 | 1998-10-13 | Corning Inc | 追加ドープされた無熱性化光導波装置 |
KR100609414B1 (ko) * | 2003-10-29 | 2006-09-22 | 정보통신연구진흥원 | 전광섬유형 인터리버 소자의 온도 안정화 및 그 제조방법 |
CN101183769A (zh) * | 2007-11-08 | 2008-05-21 | 北京交通大学 | 单偏振双波长光纤光栅激光器产生微波、毫米波的装置 |
CN101290248A (zh) * | 2007-04-18 | 2008-10-22 | 中国科学院半导体研究所 | 基于马赫-曾德尔干涉仪滤波原理的单模红外光波长计 |
CN101464539A (zh) * | 2009-01-04 | 2009-06-24 | 上海大学 | 基于同轴光纤的马赫曾德干涉仪 |
CN103869503A (zh) * | 2014-03-19 | 2014-06-18 | 华中科技大学 | 多波长光纤滤波器 |
CN104199139A (zh) * | 2014-08-18 | 2014-12-10 | 华南师范大学 | 一种光控调谐光纤梳状滤波器 |
CN204903804U (zh) * | 2015-09-07 | 2015-12-23 | 兰州交通大学 | 一种不等带宽平顶全光纤梳状滤波器 |
-
2015
- 2015-12-21 CN CN201510973424.0A patent/CN105425340B/zh active Active
Patent Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH10274718A (ja) * | 1996-12-20 | 1998-10-13 | Corning Inc | 追加ドープされた無熱性化光導波装置 |
KR100609414B1 (ko) * | 2003-10-29 | 2006-09-22 | 정보통신연구진흥원 | 전광섬유형 인터리버 소자의 온도 안정화 및 그 제조방법 |
CN101290248A (zh) * | 2007-04-18 | 2008-10-22 | 中国科学院半导体研究所 | 基于马赫-曾德尔干涉仪滤波原理的单模红外光波长计 |
CN101183769A (zh) * | 2007-11-08 | 2008-05-21 | 北京交通大学 | 单偏振双波长光纤光栅激光器产生微波、毫米波的装置 |
CN101464539A (zh) * | 2009-01-04 | 2009-06-24 | 上海大学 | 基于同轴光纤的马赫曾德干涉仪 |
CN103869503A (zh) * | 2014-03-19 | 2014-06-18 | 华中科技大学 | 多波长光纤滤波器 |
CN104199139A (zh) * | 2014-08-18 | 2014-12-10 | 华南师范大学 | 一种光控调谐光纤梳状滤波器 |
CN204903804U (zh) * | 2015-09-07 | 2015-12-23 | 兰州交通大学 | 一种不等带宽平顶全光纤梳状滤波器 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN105425340B (zh) | 2018-08-31 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US11428868B2 (en) | Optical fiber and waveguide devices having expanded beam coupling | |
US6011881A (en) | Fiber-optic tunable filter | |
CN101604048B (zh) | 一种基于细芯光纤的全光纤滤波器 | |
CN101464539B (zh) | 基于同轴光纤的马赫曾德干涉仪 | |
WO2011056817A2 (en) | Optical device for wavelength locking | |
US10502897B2 (en) | Device for selectively increasing higher-order mode losses in an optical fiber | |
CN109000809A (zh) | 一种马赫-曾德尔干涉仪及其制作设备和制作方法 | |
CN103823274A (zh) | 一种基于球状光纤的马赫曾德尔光纤滤波器及其制备方法 | |
Peng et al. | Polymer optical fiber photosensitivities and highly tunable fiber gratings | |
CN102830464A (zh) | 一种基于单模-多模光纤光栅的双重滤波微结构分束器 | |
CN103197387B (zh) | 基于光折变长周期波导光栅的光分插复用器 | |
CN108388033A (zh) | 一种基于微纳光纤耦合器-saganac环的全光可调谐光纤滤波器 | |
CN105425340B (zh) | 一种光学梳状滤波器 | |
CN109541752B (zh) | 一种基于全光纤光控系统的可调谐光衰减器 | |
CN209265001U (zh) | 一种具有低偏振相关损耗的并联光纤光栅及其制备装置 | |
CN201434918Y (zh) | 一种光纤光栅器件 | |
CN100580488C (zh) | 宽带可调谐光纤带通滤波器 | |
CN203287559U (zh) | 基于光折变长周期波导光栅的光分插复用器 | |
CN103323912A (zh) | 光折变长周期波导光栅耦合器 | |
CN113608295A (zh) | 一种纤维集成的可调光梳状滤波器、方法和光系统 | |
CN105356212B (zh) | 一种包含光纤内部点阵结构光纤器件的光纤激光器 | |
CN114624818B (zh) | 光纤光栅装置以及传感设备 | |
Shi et al. | Tunable filters based on cascaded long-period polymer waveguide gratings | |
CN107024736B (zh) | 一种光滤波器及其控制方法 | |
Perevoznik et al. | Waveguide writing in polymers with femtosecond laser |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
C06 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
GR01 | Patent grant |