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CN105424770B - A kind of Electrochemical detector for the detection of Direct Electrochemistry immunosensor - Google Patents

A kind of Electrochemical detector for the detection of Direct Electrochemistry immunosensor Download PDF

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CN105424770B
CN105424770B CN201510761885.1A CN201510761885A CN105424770B CN 105424770 B CN105424770 B CN 105424770B CN 201510761885 A CN201510761885 A CN 201510761885A CN 105424770 B CN105424770 B CN 105424770B
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electrochemical detector
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CN105424770A (en
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刘军涛
蔡新霞
樊艳
罗金平
王杨
盖淑萍
刘欣阳
孙建辉
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Institute of Electronics of CAS
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Abstract

The present invention provides a kind of Electrochemical detectors for the detection of Direct Electrochemistry immunosensor, it includes multi-path detection module and central controller, wherein, multi-path detection module is detected the electric current on Direct Electrochemistry immunosensor, obtain detection data, central controller carries out calculation process to detection data, obtains testing concentration.The present invention solves the problems, such as that current Direct Electrochemistry immunosensor detection lacks hand-hold movable equipment, can more determinands be carried out at the same time with detection, and can realize portable medical function.

Description

A kind of Electrochemical detector for the detection of Direct Electrochemistry immunosensor
Technical field
The invention belongs to portable medical detection field more particularly to it is a kind of for Direct Electrochemistry immunosensor detection Electrochemical detector.
Background technology
Disease marker is the important biochemical indicator of current medical diagnosis on disease and treatment, is used for quickly detecting to it with very Important meaning.But some biochemical markers, such as tumor markers CEA, NSE, CY21, ovarian function marker LH, FSH Content is extremely low in blood of human body with E2 etc., needs higher detection sensitivity.Detection at present mainly uses immunization method, such as Immune colloid gold strip and the methods of ELISA based on immune biochemical detector, chemiluminescence, electrochemical luminescence.Wherein glue Body gold strip is based on immune chromatography method, and simple in structure, easy to operate, price is low, but due to using coloration method is immunized, being Qualitative or half-quantitative detection, sensitivity is not high, cannot be satisfied quantitative detection demand.Multi-parameter may be implemented in immune biochemical detector It detects simultaneously, detection sensitivity is high, but detection cycle is long, needs sample amount big (using venous blood collection 3-4ml), and immunity analysis instrument Mostly large-scale instrument, price is high, is suitable for the clinical laboratory or central laboratory of hospital, it is difficult to meet family, individual quickly detects Demand.
Micro-fluidic paper chip has the function of micro-fluidic chip using filter paper as base material, can be complete on a single die At functions such as sample-adding, filtering, detections, and it is of simple structure and low cost, few with sample amount, the micro, more of biomolecule may be implemented Parametric joint detects.The Whitesides seminar of Harvard University in 2007 develops the first and is detected for biological sample Paper chip, carried out a series of developings in the production method of chip, fluid manipulating principle and detection method etc. later Sex work.Micro-fluidic paper chip can combine the detection device for forming different testing principles, different structure with different detection methods, For example the blood glucose based on enzyme electrochemical method, lactic acid, cholesterol multi-parameter detect paper chip, the urine based on immune chromogenic reaction Glucose and protein detection paper chip, electrogenerated chemiluminescence explosive detection paper chip, electro-chemistry immunity tumor marker quality testing Survey paper chip etc..
Immune chromogenic reaction device is simple, visual result, but detection sensitivity is not high, it is difficult to meet demand.Chemistry hair Light method detection sensitivity is high, but since light intensity is weak, needs highly sensitive optical detector, instrument cost high-leveled and difficult with small-sized Change.Electrochemical immunoassay method combines the advantages of immunoassay and Electrochemical Detection, and determinand is captured using immune response, Change detection testing concentration by electrochemical signals, has detection device simple, it is easy to operate, the advantages that high sensitivity.Electricity Chemo-immunity is divided into direct method and indirect method, wherein Direct Electrochemistry immunization method combines immunoassay and Electrochemical Detection The advantages of, compared with indirect electrochemical immunization method, it is not necessarily to the secondary antibody of marker enzyme, the operation is more convenient.Direct Electrochemistry is immune Sensor uses three-electrode system, and fixed trapped antibody forms bio-sensitive film after modifying electron mediator on the working electrode (s, When in testing liquid antigen and sessile antibody combine after, will increase the resistance of electrode surface, reduce electronics transfer rate, electrode table The change of face electrochemical properties is related to determined antigen concentration, and the concentration that determined antigen can be obtained by Electrochemical Detection is believed Breath.Electrochemical workstation is mainly based upon to the detection of Direct Electrochemistry immunosensor at present and uses differential pulse voltammetry, Lack the detection instrument for formula of taking, and the optimization to detection method.Patent CN201210585432.4 describes a kind of based on three The method of the method that electrode sensor and differential pulse voltammetry quickly measure lead, the invention is based on electrochemical workstation, does not relate to And the optimization of detection instrument and detection method.Patent CN201410802601.4 describes a kind of raising electrochemical analytical instrument survey The method of accuracy of measurement, the invention are smoothed using data segmentation itself, are reduced noise and are improved accuracy of detection, but the invention It is not specific to differential pulse voltammetry.
Invention content
(1) technical problems to be solved
The object of the present invention is to provide it is a kind of for Direct Electrochemistry immunosensor detection Electrochemical detector, Solve the problems, such as that current Direct Electrochemistry immunosensor detection lacks hand-hold movable equipment, it can be same to more determinands When be detected, and can realize portable medical function.
(2) technical solution
The present invention provides a kind of Electrochemical detector for the detection of Direct Electrochemistry immunosensor, and Direct Electrochemistry is exempted from Epidemic disease sensor carries out Direct Electrochemistry immunoassay Electrochemical detector to determinand:
Multi-path detection module obtains testing number for being detected to the electric current on Direct Electrochemistry immunosensor According to;
Central controller obtains testing concentration for carrying out calculation process to detection data.
(3) advantageous effect
Micromation Electrochemical detector provided by the invention is easy to carry, and multiple detection circuits can be same to more determinands When be detected, and can realize portable medical function.In addition, being directed to multi-path detection demand, multiple detection circuits are made to share same A pair of of reference electrode and to electrode, can reduce the access of input, detection circuit is simpler in this way;Meanwhile for traditional Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) is optimized, it is proposed that by way of least square fitting quadratic function, calculates peak value electricity Stream.This method can effectively eliminate interference, improve accuracy of detection.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of Electrochemical detector provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the circuit diagram of multi-path detection module provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram that pulse voltage provided in an embodiment of the present invention changes over time.
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of differential pulse curve provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Specific implementation mode
The present invention provides a kind of Electrochemical detector for the detection of Direct Electrochemistry immunosensor comprising multi-path Detection module and central controller, wherein multi-path detection module examines the electric current on Direct Electrochemistry immunosensor It surveys, obtains detection data, central controller carries out calculation process to detection data, obtains testing concentration.The present invention solves The problem of Direct Electrochemistry immunosensor detection at present lacks hand-hold movable equipment, more determinands can be carried out at the same time Detection, and can realize portable medical function.
A kind of embodiment according to the present invention, Direct Electrochemistry immunosensor are used to carry out directly electrification to determinand Immunoassay is learned, Electrochemical detector includes:
Multi-path detection module obtains testing number for being detected to the electric current on Direct Electrochemistry immunosensor According to;
Central controller obtains testing concentration, wherein central controller for carrying out calculation process to detection data 12 digit analog-to-digital converters (ADC) are embedded with, the access way of ADC signal is using four road single ended inputs, detection essence Degree can reach 1/212=0.24 ‰, disclosure satisfy that the actually detected demand to precision.
A kind of embodiment according to the present invention, Direct Electrochemistry immunosensor include to electrode, reference electrode and more A working electrode, wherein reference electrode carries out different types of to be measured for providing reference voltage on different working electrodes Object electro-chemistry immunity is tested, and electric current is formed between electrode and each working electrode;
Multi-path detection module includes that circuit and multiple detection circuits occur for operating voltage, wherein electricity occurs for operating voltage Road is used for provide reference voltage to electrode and reference electrode, and detection circuit is at least 3, and multiple detection circuits are shared to electrode And reference electrode, also, multiple detection circuits and the multiple working electrode correspond, with to the electric current on working electrode into Row detection, obtains detection data.
A kind of embodiment according to the present invention, it includes digital-analog convertor (DAC) and electricity that circuit, which occurs, for operating voltage Press follower, wherein digital-analog convertor can be MAX5705, and source current is 155 μ A when MAX5705 is worked normally (representative value 3V), output voltage offset error are ± 0.5mV, and voltage follower can be by a precision resister and an operation Amplifier forms, and after digital-analog convertor generates reference voltage, it is described right to be applied to reference voltage by voltage follower Electrode and reference electrode.
A kind of embodiment according to the present invention, detection circuit include reference voltage chip, conversion circuit and voltage follow Device, multiple conversion circuits and multiple voltage followers can share a reference voltage chip, wherein:
Reference voltage chip can be LM4041, for providing reference voltage for detection circuit;
Conversion circuit is connect with working electrode, and conversion circuit can be realized by operational amplifier and gain resistor, and being used for will The electric current of working electrode is converted into voltage, and the voltage is supplied to voltage follower;
Voltage follower is connect with central controller, and master controller carries out calculation process respectively according to the multiple signals of ADC.
A kind of embodiment according to the present invention, operating voltage occur circuit and apply pulse voltage on reference electrode, In, the voltage value of the pulse voltage increases over time;In each pulse period of pulse voltage, detection circuit is in pulse week The electric current on working electrode is measured before phase and after the pulse period respectively, and the current differential for exporting two electric currents is controlled to the center Device processed;Central controller carries out the voltage value of multiple pulse voltages and multiple current differentials using least square method secondary quasi- It closes, obtains differential pulse curve, curvilinear equation is:
I=a*V2+ b*V+c,
Wherein, I is current differential, and V is the voltage value of pulse voltage, and a, b, c are the coefficient of curvilinear equation;
Determine that testing concentration, formula are according to the peak value of differential pulse curve:
P=A × Imax+ B,
Wherein, P is testing concentration, ImaxFor the peak value of differential pulse curve, A, B are coefficient.The present invention uses difference arteries and veins It rushes voltammetry to be detected sensor, differential pulse voltammetry is linear sweep voltammetry and the derivative of ladder water price Method can effectively reduce the influence of charging current.DPV due to reduce background current and with higher detection sensitivity and Lower detection limit, meanwhile, differential pulse voltammetry is optimized, by way of least square fitting quadratic function, Peak point current is calculated, interference is can effectively eliminate, improves accuracy of detection.
A kind of embodiment according to the present invention, Electrochemical detector further include memory module, for storing the coefficient A And coefficient B, wherein the corresponding coefficient of different types of determinand is different, when being detected to different determinands, center control Device can call corresponding coefficient in the memory module, to obtain testing concentration according to the current peak measured.
A kind of embodiment according to the present invention obtains corresponding differential pulse curve according to the determinand of various concentration Peak value, and concentration-peak curve is drawn out, then linear function line is carried out to the concentration-peak curve using least square method Property fitting, obtain the value of coefficient A and coefficient B.
A kind of embodiment according to the present invention, Electrochemical detector further include wireless transport module, are used for determinand The information of concentration is sent to mobile terminal, and mobile terminal can be smart mobile phone, tablet computer etc..
A kind of embodiment according to the present invention, Electrochemical detector further includes display module, for showing testing result.
A kind of embodiment according to the present invention, Electrochemical detector further includes keyboard input module, for controlling electrification Detector is detected, result is shown and data are sent.
To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with specific embodiment, and reference Attached drawing, the present invention is described in more detail.
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of Electrochemical detector provided in an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Figure 1, Electrochemical Detection Instrument includes central controller, multi-path detection module, wireless communication module, display module, memory module and keyboard input module.
Multi-path detection module has 3 detection circuits, can detect 3 road electrochemical signals simultaneously.Electrochemical Detection is adopted With (to electrode, reference electrode and working electrode) three electrode detections, reduction reaction, reference electrode occurs on working sensor electrode Being provided solely for reference electrode does not have electric current to flow through, and kinetic current results from working electrode and in the circuit of electrode.Three detections Circuit is shared with a pair of of reference electrode and to electrode, can reduce the access of input in this way, detection circuit is simpler.
Fig. 2 is the circuit diagram of multi-path detection module provided in an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Fig. 2, multi-path detects mould Block includes that circuit and detection circuit occur for operating voltage, and circuit occurs for operating voltage to provide electrode and reference electrode with reference to electricity Pressure, is made of, MAX5705 is one low power consumption digital-analog converter (DAC) MAX5705 and voltage order one follower Low-power consumption DAC chip, inside have 2.5V precision voltage references, have 12 bandwidth, 212=4096 step voltages may be implemented Output.Source current is 155 μ A (representative value 3V) when MAX5705 is worked normally and output voltage offset error is ± 0.5mV. DAC output voltage is isolated by voltage order one follower with back-end circuit, then accesses operational amplifier OPA1, finally utilizes operation " empty short " characteristic of amplifier in, applies a voltage to electrode and reference electrode.Voltage on reference electrode and work Voltage difference forms the operating voltage needed for strip on electrode.
Detection circuit is aided with by reference voltage chip LM4041, operational amplifier OPA2-OPA7 and precision resister R2-R7 Some auxiliary elements are constituted.Wherein reference voltage chip LM4041 is responsible for detection circuit and provides reference voltage.Detection circuit With independent three road sense channel on hardware, OPA2, OPA4, OPA6 constitute electric current to the conversion circuit of voltage, and conversion increases Benefit is controlled respectively by precision resister R2, R4, R6.It therefore can be according to the electricity of the corresponding working electrode output of each sense channel Size is flowed, fixed transfer resistance can be selected.OPA3, OPA5, OPA7 and precision resister R3, R5, R7 constitute voltage with With device, three road signals are individually insulated with back-end circuit, then be respectively connected to analogue-to-digital converters (ADC) three independences it is defeated Enter end.
Above-mentioned analogue-to-digital converters (ADC) are embedded in the central controller, and central controller is believed according to three roads of ADC Number calculation process is carried out respectively, processing is completely independent to realize three road signals.
The present embodiment is detected sensor using differential pulse voltammetry, and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) is linear The deriving method for scanning voltammetry and ladder water price, can effectively reduce the influence of charging current.DPV is due to reducing Background current and have higher detection sensitivity and lower detection limit.The input potential waveform of differential pulse voltammetry can be seen Work is linearly increasing voltage to be superimposed with the rectangular pulse of uniform amplitude.As shown in figure 3, the pulse height of pulse voltage | Δ E | it is 50mV, pulse voltage cycle T is 100ms, and pulse width τ takes 20ms, sweep speed 100mV/s, scanning range -0.4V- 0.4V.20m measures electric current respectively after 20ms and pulse period applying before pulse period to system, the current subtraction twice that will be detected Current difference Δ i is obtained as output.As potential increases, the Faradaic current Δ i in multiple periods is continuously measured, is used in combination Δ i to electricity Gesture E mappings are to get differential pulse curve, as shown in Figure 4.In DPV analyses, the peak point current of differential pulse curve and surveyed object Matter concentration is related, can obtain testing concentration information by analyzing current peak.
By taking three-way tumor markers Direct Electrochemistry immunosensor as an example, which can detect the present embodiment Three parameters such as CEA, NSE, CY21, there are three working electrodes to fix different antibodies respectively to detect different antigen for tool, has A pair of of reference electrode and to electrode, reference electrode provides reference voltage, and electric current is being formed between electrode and working electrode.
Three parameter detectings include CEA, and three parameters such as NSE, CY21 obtain the current standard curve of three parameters first.
Step 1:By taking one of detection parameters CEA as an example, the process that standard curve obtains is as follows:
S11:Using CEA antigens, preparing the CEA standard solution of various concentration respectively, spare (its concentration Pc is respectively 0ng/ ml,0.01ng/ml,0.05ng/ml,0.1ng/ml,1ng/ml,5ng/ml,50ng/ml,200ng/ml);Prepare several CEA, Tri- parameter detecting sensor of NSE, CY21 is spare.
S12:The titer of a concentration of 1ng/ml is added dropwise on the CEA detection working electrodes of sensor, other two works Making electrode (NSE, CY21) keeps drying, electrode reaction to work after ten minutes, by sensor electrode, reference electrode and CEA Electrode be connected to electrochemical workstation on electrode, reference electrode and working electrode.
S13:Carrying out DPV detections to sensor by electrochemical workstation, (output voltage parameters are set as:Impulse wave Shape pulse height | Δ E | be 50mV, pulse voltage cycle T is 100ms, and pulse width τ takes 40ms, sweep speed 100mV/s), Differential pulse scanning curve is obtained, the spike potential by the pulse scanning curve of CEA electrodes known to actually detected result is- 0.2V。
S14:A not used sensor is taken, the CEA in sensor is added dropwise in the titer of CEA concentration Pc=0ng/ml It detects on working electrode, other two working electrodes (NSE, CY21) keep drying, connect the sensor to the instrument of the present invention On, carrying out DPV detections, (output voltage parameters are set as:Impulse waveform pulse height | Δ E | it is 50mV, pulse voltage week Phase T is 100ms, and pulse width τ takes 40ms, sweep speed 100mV/s).After each pulse applies preceding 20ms and pulse period 20ms measures electric current respectively, and the current difference I that the current subtraction twice detected is obtained is as output.From -0.1V start recordings Obtained current difference signal, altogether record 20 pairs of data (I1, V1), (I2, V2), (I3, V3) ... ... (I19, V19), (I20, V20), data above-mentioned are carried out using least square method and carries out quadratic fit, fitting function I=a*V2+b*V+c, according to quasi- It closes result the titer DPV of 0ng/ml in the hope of coefficient a, b, c of quadratic function, can be calculated according to function coefficients and detect to be formed Peak point current Imax[0], formula Imax[0]=(4ac-b2)/4a。
S15:According to S14, concentration Pc=0.01ng/ml, 0.05ng/ml, 0.1ng/ml, 1ng/ml, 5ng/ are calculated successively The peak point current I that the standard solution of ml, 50ng/ml, 200ng/ml are formedmax[0.01], Imax[0.05], Imax[0.1], Imax [1], Imax[5], Imax[50], Imax[200]。
S16:Using concentration C as ordinate, the peak point current I that is acquired with S14 and S15maxAs abscissa, using minimum two Multiplication carries out linear function linear fit, obtains linear function Pc=Ac*Imax+Bc.The coefficient Ac, Bc that acquire are stored in instrument The storage unit of table uses when standby detection.
Step 2:Obtained respectively according to step 1 parameter detectings such as NSE and CY21 normal linearity parameter of curve (An, Bn) and (Ay, By), and it is stored in the storage unit of instrument, it is used when standby detection.
Step 3:When actually detected, the injection port in sensor is added dropwise in prepare liquid, liquid flows to three working electrodes, and three A working electrode is reacted with CEA, NSE, CY21 respectively, and reaction after ten minutes, connects the sensor to the instrument of the present invention On, carrying out DPV detections successively according to three working electrodes of method pair of S14, (output voltage parameters are set as:Detect signal Sample frequency is).CEA, the peak point current Ic of NSE, CY21 detection are acquired respectivelymax、Inmax、Iymax, by Icmax、Inmax、Iymax Three linear equation Pc=Ac*Ic are substituted into respectivelymax+ Bc, Pn=An*Inmax+ Bn, Py=Ay*Iymax+ By can in the hope of CEA, The concentration Pc, Pn, Py of NSE, CY21.
In conclusion micromation Electrochemical detector provided by the invention is easy to carry, multiple detection circuits can be right More determinands are carried out at the same time detection, and can realize portable medical function.In addition, being directed to multi-path detection demand, make multiple detections Circuit is shared with a pair of of reference electrode and to electrode, can reduce the access of input in this way, detection circuit is simpler;Meanwhile It is optimized for traditional differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), it is proposed that by way of least square fitting quadratic function, Calculate peak point current.This method can effectively eliminate interference, improve accuracy of detection.
Particular embodiments described above has carried out further in detail the purpose of the present invention, technical solution and advantageous effect It describes in detail bright, it should be understood that the above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, is not intended to restrict the invention, it is all Within the spirit and principles in the present invention, any modification, equivalent substitution, improvement and etc. done should be included in the guarantor of the present invention Within the scope of shield.

Claims (7)

1. a kind of Electrochemical detector for the detection of Direct Electrochemistry immunosensor, the Direct Electrochemistry immunosensor For carrying out Direct Electrochemistry immunoassay to determinand, which is characterized in that the Electrochemical detector includes:
Multi-path detection module obtains testing number for being detected to the electric current on the Direct Electrochemistry immunosensor According to;
Central controller obtains testing concentration for carrying out calculation process to the detection data;The Direct Electrochemistry is exempted from Epidemic disease sensor includes to electrode, reference electrode and multiple working electrodes, wherein and the reference electrode is used to provide reference voltage, Different types of determinand electro-chemistry immunity test is carried out on different working electrodes, it is described to electrode and each working electrode Between be formed with electric current;
The multi-path detection module includes that circuit and multiple detection circuits occur for operating voltage, wherein the operating voltage hair Raw circuit is used to provide reference voltage to electrode and reference electrode to be described, the multiple detection circuit share it is described to electrode with Reference electrode, the multiple detection circuit are carried out at the same time detection to more determinands, also, the multiple detection circuit with it is described more A working electrode corresponds, and to be detected to the electric current on the working electrode, obtains detection data;
It includes digital-analog convertor and voltage follower that circuit, which occurs, for the operating voltage, wherein the digital-to-analog turns Parallel operation generate reference voltage after, by the voltage follower by the reference voltage be applied to it is described to electrode and reference electricity Pole;
Operating voltage occur circuit apply pulse voltage on the reference electrode, wherein the voltage value of the pulse voltage with Time increases;In each pulse period of the pulse voltage, detection circuit is distinguished before the pulse period and after the pulse period The electric current on the working electrode is measured, and exports the current differential of two electric currents to the central controller;The center control The voltage value of multiple pulse voltages and multiple current differentials are carried out quadratic fit by device processed using least square method, obtain difference arteries and veins Curve is rushed, curvilinear equation is:
I=a*V2+ b*V+c,
Wherein, I is current differential, and V is the voltage value of pulse voltage, and a, b, c are the coefficient of the curvilinear equation;
Determine that testing concentration, formula are according to the peak value of the differential pulse curve:
P=A × Imax+ B,
Wherein, P is testing concentration, ImaxFor the peak value of differential pulse curve, A, B are coefficient.
2. Electrochemical detector according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the detection circuit includes reference voltage core Piece, conversion circuit and voltage follower, wherein:
The reference voltage chip provides reference voltage for the detection circuit;
The conversion circuit is connect with the working electrode, for converting the electric current of the working electrode to voltage, and should Voltage is supplied to the voltage follower;
The voltage follower is connect with the central controller.
3. Electrochemical detector according to claim 1, which is characterized in that further include memory module, it is described for storing Coefficient A and coefficient B, wherein the corresponding coefficient of different types of determinand is different.
4. Electrochemical detector according to claim 3, which is characterized in that according to the determinand of various concentration, acquisition pair The peak value of differential pulse curve is answered, and draws out concentration-peak curve, then is bent to the concentration-peak value using least square method Line carries out linear function linear fit, obtains the value of coefficient A and coefficient B.
5. Electrochemical detector according to claim 1, which is characterized in that further include wireless transport module, be used for institute The information for stating testing concentration is sent to mobile terminal.
6. Electrochemical detector according to claim 1, which is characterized in that further include display module, for showing detection As a result.
7. Electrochemical detector according to claim 1, which is characterized in that further include keyboard input module, for controlling The Electrochemical detector is detected, result is shown and data are sent.
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