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CN105408713A - System and integrated process for liquid natural gas production - Google Patents

System and integrated process for liquid natural gas production Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105408713A
CN105408713A CN201480043001.2A CN201480043001A CN105408713A CN 105408713 A CN105408713 A CN 105408713A CN 201480043001 A CN201480043001 A CN 201480043001A CN 105408713 A CN105408713 A CN 105408713A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
stream
natural gas
cooling
solid
ice
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CN201480043001.2A
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Other versions
CN105408713B (en
Inventor
V.V.利相斯基
D.C.霍菲尔
R.A.施斯勒
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
General Electric Co
Original Assignee
General Electric Co
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of CN105408713A publication Critical patent/CN105408713A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN105408713B publication Critical patent/CN105408713B/en
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/0035—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by gas expansion with extraction of work
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/004—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by flash gas recovery
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/0042—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by liquid expansion with extraction of work
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
    • F25J1/008—Hydrocarbons
    • F25J1/0087—Propane; Propylene
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0201—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using only internal refrigeration means, i.e. without external refrigeration
    • F25J1/0202—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using only internal refrigeration means, i.e. without external refrigeration in a quasi-closed internal refrigeration loop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0203—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0208—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle in combination with an internal quasi-closed refrigeration loop, e.g. with deep flash recycle loop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0244—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation
    • F25J1/0254—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation controlling particular process parameter, e.g. pressure, temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/0285—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings
    • F25J1/0288—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings using work extraction by mechanical coupling of compression and expansion of the refrigerant, so-called companders
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
    • F25J2205/10—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using combined expansion and separation, e.g. in a vortex tube, "Ranque tube" or a "cyclonic fluid separator", i.e. combination of an isentropic nozzle and a cyclonic separator; Centrifugal separation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
    • F25J2205/20—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using solidification of components
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
    • F25J2205/60—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using adsorption on solid adsorbents, e.g. by temperature-swing adsorption [TSA] at the hot or cold end
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
    • F25J2205/84—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using filter
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2220/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for the removal of impurities
    • F25J2220/60—Separating impurities from natural gas, e.g. mercury, cyclic hydrocarbons
    • F25J2220/66—Separating acid gases, e.g. CO2, SO2, H2S or RSH
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2220/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for the removal of impurities
    • F25J2220/60—Separating impurities from natural gas, e.g. mercury, cyclic hydrocarbons
    • F25J2220/68—Separating water or hydrates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
    • F25J2230/20—Integrated compressor and process expander; Gear box arrangement; Multiple compressors on a common shaft
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
    • F25J2230/30—Compression of the feed stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
    • F25J2240/02—Expansion of a process fluid in a work-extracting turbine (i.e. isentropic expansion), e.g. of the feed stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
    • F25J2240/30—Dynamic liquid or hydraulic expansion with extraction of work, e.g. single phase or two-phase turbine

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
  • Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

A system and method for producing liquid natural gas (LNG) from a natural gas stream is presented. The system includes a moisture removal device and compressor for removing moisture from and compressing the natural gas stream. The low moisture compressed natural gas stream is cooled in a heat exchanger to discharge a cooled compressed discharge stream. A multi-phase turbo expander provides for further cooling and expansion of the cooled compressed discharge stream, generating an expanded exhaust stream comprising a mixture of a vapor comprised substantially of CH4 and a LNG/ice/solid CO2 slurry. The expanded exhaust stream is separated to generate a vapor stream comprised substantially of CH4 and a liquid natural gas/ice/solid CO2 slurry stream. Further separation of the liquid natural gas/ice/solid CO2 slurry stream generates a liquid natural gas output stream and an output stream comprised substantially of ice/solid CO2.

Description

The system of producing for liquid natural gas and integrated approach
Background
The disclosure relates to the system and process of producing for liquid natural gas (LNG).More specifically, the disclosure relates to the system and method produced for liquid natural gas of integrated natural gas removing and refrigeration step in single process.
Produce conventional liquid natural gas by pipeline quality natural gas and usually utilize two step processes, when wherein starting, in the first procedure of processing, remove moisture and CO 2, namely remove step, and in the second procedure of processing subsequently, utilize refrigeration, to provide liquefaction.Attempting in these multiple processing steps integrated, previously attempting integrated natural gas in the production of liquid natural gas and removed and refrigeration processes.Usually, these effort, based on such process, are produced between the phase of expansion when wherein starting and are comprised liquid natural gas, ice and solid CO in nozzle 2slurry, and external refrigeration system provides the energy needed for liquefaction.Generally speaking, provide minimum integration of equipments, therefore need significant equipment footprints.This causes system for the production of the costliness of liquid natural gas and process.
In addition, these known LNG production processes (as such as, above-mentioned two step processes) may energy-intensive and capital intensive.
Therefore, the system and method for the improvement being provided for production liquid natural gas is expected.
Summary
Solved these and other shortcoming of prior art by the disclosure, it is provided for the system and method for the improvement of production liquid natural gas.
One side of the present disclosure is that described system comprises for the system by natural gas flow production liquid natural gas (LNG): moisture removal device, compressor, heat exchanger, heterogeneous turbine expander, separator and at least one other separator.Described moisture removal device and compressor are from natural gas flow removing moisture and compressed natural gas stream and produce low moisture compressed natural gas stream.Described heat exchanger cooling low moisture compressed natural gas stream and the compressed exhaust stream produced through cooling.Compressed exhaust stream through cooling is expanded described heterogeneous turbine expander and generation comprises and substantially comprises CH 4steam and liquid natural gas/ice/solid CO 2the expansion discharge currents of the mixture of slurry.Described separator is separated expansion discharge currents and produces and substantially comprises CH 4steam stream and liquid natural gas/ice/solid CO 2stream of slurry.Described at least one other separator separating liquid natural gas/ice/solid CO 2stream of slurry is with generation liquid natural gas output stream and substantially comprise ice/solid CO 2output stream.
Another aspect of the present disclosure is that described system comprises for the system by natural gas flow production liquid natural gas (LNG): at least one compression stage, at least one cooling stage and at least one expansion stage.At least one compression stage described and at least one cooling stage are arranged for compressing the compressed exhaust stream through cooling with cooled natural gas stream and generation.At least one expansion stage described arranges the compressed exhaust stream for expanding through cooling and produces expansion discharge currents.At least one expansion stage described comprises at least one heterogeneous turbine expander be communicated with compression stage fluid with cooling stage.Described heterogeneous turbine expander comprises: shell; At least one rotary part arranged in described shell; At least one entrance arranged in the housing, wherein said entrance arranges the compressed exhaust stream for receiving through cooling; At least one outlet of arranging in the housing, wherein said outlet setting comprises for discharge and substantially comprises CH 4steam and liquid natural gas/ice/solid CO 2the expansion discharge currents of the mixture of slurry.
Another aspect of the present disclosure is that described method comprises: provide input gas stream for the method by natural gas flow production liquid natural gas (LNG); Removing moisture, compression and cooled natural gas stream and produce through cool compressed exhaust stream; In heterogeneous turbine expander, making the expansion of the compressed exhaust stream through cooling and generation comprise substantially comprising CH 4steam and liquid natural gas/ice/solid CO 2the expansion discharge currents of the mixture of slurry; In at least one separator, be separated expansion discharge currents and produce and substantially comprise CH 4steam stream and liquid natural gas/ice/solid CO 2stream of slurry; With the natural gas/ice/solid CO of separating liquid in the separator that at least one is other 2stream of slurry and generation comprise ice/solid CO substantially 2output stream and liquid natural gas (LNG) output stream.
The various improvement of above-mentioned feature is relevant to each side of the present disclosure.Further feature equally also can be attached to these each side.These improve and other feature can exist individually or with any combination.Such as, relevant to the embodiment of one or more explanation discussed below various feature can be attached to any above-mentioned aspect of the present disclosure separately or with any combination.Equally, the general introduction more than presented only is intended to make reader be familiar with some aspect of the present disclosure and back of the body border, instead of is confined to claimed theme.
Accompanying drawing is sketched
When describing in detail below reading with reference to accompanying drawing, these and other feature of the present invention, aspect and advantage will become better understood, wherein in all of the figs, and the parts that identical symbology is identical, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the system block diagram produced for liquid natural gas according to one or more embodiments of display or description herein;
Fig. 2 is the system block diagram produced for liquid natural gas according to one or more embodiments of display or description herein;
Fig. 3 is according to the schematic diagram of the one or more embodiments shown herein or describe for the heterogeneous turbine expander of solid, liquids and gases separation;
Fig. 4 is according to the schematic diagram of the one or more embodiments shown herein or describe for the cross-sectional view of the heterogeneous turbine expander of solid, liquids and gases separation;
Fig. 5 is that representative is according to the flow chart of one or more embodiments of display or description herein for the production of the step related in the example process of liquid natural gas; With
Fig. 6 is the one or more embodiments according to display or description herein, and liquid natural gas yield is as the comparison diagram of the function of compression ratio.
Describe in detail
In conjunction with some embodiment, only for illustration of object, the disclosure is described; It is to be understood, however, that according to the disclosure, described by following accompanying drawing, other object of the present disclosure and advantage will become apparent.Although disclose preferred embodiment, they are not intended to for restrictive.But, think that rule described herein only illustrates the scope of the present disclosure, and understand further, do not departing under the scope of the present disclosure and can carry out many changes.
As described in detail below, embodiment of the present disclosure provides the system and process that are applicable to production liquid natural gas.As discussed in detail below, embodiment of the present disclosure comprises system, and described system comprises one or more integrated heterogeneous turbine expander and can operate the chilling unit of multiphase flow (gas, liquid and solid).Described system comprises cooling gas flow, to form liquid natural gas and natural gas impurity, comprises CO 2gas, solid CO 2and/or liquid CO 2.Embodiment of the present disclosure also comprises the method being applicable to liquid natural gas production using integrated heterogeneous turbine expander and chilling unit.
Term " first ", " second " etc. do not represent any order, amount or importance herein, but for distinguish a key element and another, and be intended to the object for reader determines about concrete element portion.In whole description and claims, approximating language used herein is applicable to modification and changes allowably and any quantity of the basic function change of being correlated with can not be caused to represent.Modifier " about " comprises the value of statement when being combined with quantity, and has the implication (such as, comprising the degree of error relevant to the measurement of concrete quantity) of context instruction.Therefore, the exact value of specifying is not limited to by one or more term value that such as " about " modifies.In some cases, approximating language may correspond to the precision in the instrument for measuring this value.
Unless context indicates clearly in addition, otherwise in following description and claim, singulative " ", " one " and " being somebody's turn to do " comprise plural reference.Unless context indicates clearly in addition, otherwise term "or" used herein does not refer to exclusive, and refers to there are at least one parts mentioned, and comprises the situation of the combination that wherein can there are the parts mentioned.In addition, in this manual, both the odd number that suffix " (s) " is intended to the term comprising modification usually and plural number, thus comprise this term one or more (such as, unless otherwise, otherwise " injector " can comprise one or more injector).Mention in whole description " a kind of embodiment ", " another embodiment ", " a kind of embodiment " etc. refer in conjunction with embodiment describe concrete key element (such as, feature, structure and/or characteristic) be included at least one embodiment described herein, and may exist in other embodiments or may not exist.Similarly, mention that the concrete key element (such as, feature, structure and/or characteristic) that " concrete structure " refers to combined structure and describe is included at least one structure described herein, and may exist or may not exist in other structure.Furthermore, it is to be understood that described inventive features can combination in various embodiment and structure in any suitable manner.
Term "available" used herein and " can be " indicate the possibility occurred in one group of situation; Have character, characteristic or the function of specifying; And/or modify another verb by statement one or more abilities, performance or the possibility relevant to modified verb.Therefore, the term using "available" and " can be " instruction to modify obviously is applicable to, the ability that can or be applicable to indicate, function or purposes, consider in some cases simultaneously, the term of modification may be not suitable for sometimes, can not or inapplicable.Such as, in some cases, can expected event or ability, and in other cases, event or ability can not occur, this difference is contained by term "available" and " can be ".
Turn to accompanying drawing now, Fig. 1 illustrates exemplary fluids natural gas (LNG) production system 10 of the one or more embodiments according to display or description herein.LNG production system 10 comprises the cooling stage 200 of at least one setting for receiving natural gas flow 16.System 10 also comprises at least one compression stage 100 be communicated with one or more cooling stage 200 fluid.At least one compression stage 100 and the combination of at least one cooling stage 200 arrange and are used for compression before inflation and part cooled natural gas stream 16 and cool low moisture compressed natural gas stream 21 further in the expansion stage 300.In the expansion stage 400, the separation phase 400 be communicated with heterogeneous turbine expander (the present invention describes) fluid provides and is separated cold CH 4steam and LNG/ ice/solid CO 2slurry, and make slurry be separated into LNG and solid CO further 2component.
In particular embodiments, LNG production system 10 comprises bulk water removal device 12, and it is communicated with gas inlet 14 fluid, and flows 16 by this gas inlet 14 feed natural gas (NG).Moisture removal device 12 provides preliminary moisture removal from NG stream 16, to produce low moisture NG stream 20 in the output of moisture removal device 12.In one embodiment, moisture removal device 18 can be provided as molecular sieve bed.Also can utilize other system based on adsorbent and solvent known in the art.
At least one cooling stage 200 comprises one or more arranged downstream at moisture removal device 12 and the heat exchanger be in fluid communication with it (the present invention describes).During the operation of LNG production system 10, in order to avoid downstream heat exchanger is frozen, the moisture in NG stream 16 must be reduced in moisture removal device 12.Contrary with LNG production system 10 disclosed herein, in the LNG liquefaction device of routine, utilize heat exchanger, it operates usually at lower than the temperature of-100 DEG C, needs the moisture in input NG stream to be down to <0.5ppm.In the disclosure, in heat exchanger, the temperature of NG stream 16 is generally-40 DEG C or slightly high, needs the moisture in input NG stream to be down to <180ppm.
The compression stage 100 of LNG production system 10 is included in the first compressor 22 arranged between moisture removal equipment 12 and one or more heat exchanger 24.More specifically, the first compressor 22 is in the upstream arrangement of the downstream of moisture removal device 12 and one or more heat exchanger 24.First compressor 22 provides low moisture NG to flow the compression of 20, to discharge compression NG stream 28.More specifically, in one embodiment, the first compressor 22 discharges low moisture compression NG stream 21 under the pressure being enough to the temperature reduction being provided in final cooling stage.
In an alternate embodiment, and preferably as illustrated in fig. 2, LNG production system can provide the moisture removal from NG stream 16, compresses subsequently in the first compressor 22.More specifically, in one embodiment, the compression stage 100 of LNG production system is included in the first compressor 22 of the upstream arrangement of moisture removal equipment 12 and one or more heat exchanger 24.More specifically, contrary with the embodiment of Fig. 1, the downstream of moisture removal device 12 at the first compressor 22 and the upstream arrangement of one or more heat exchanger 24.In this specific embodiment, the first compressor 22 provides compression NG stream 16, to discharge compression NG stream 28.Moisture discharge low moisture NG stream 20 is removed subsequently from compression NG stream 28, more specifically, low moisture flow of the compressed gas 21.
Due to the result of compression work, the temperature of gas improves usually.In one embodiment, the first compressor 22 comprise have the interstage cooling multiple stage compressor 26 and provide low moisture NG flow 20 compression.In an alternate embodiment, the first compressor 22 can comprise multiple compressor (not shown)s with one or more aerial cooler arranged betwixt.First compressor 22 produces compression NG air stream 28 in the exit of the first compressor 22.NG after the last compression stage of multiple stage compressor 26 is cooled through aerial cooler 29 and realizes.
Refer again to Fig. 1, as indicated, cooling stage 200 comprises one or more (wherein only illustrating one) and arranges the heat exchanger 24 be used for from low moisture compression NG stream 21 removing heat.Heat exchanger 24 is in the arranged downstream of compression stage 100 (more specifically, the first compressor 22).In one embodiment, low moisture compression NG stream 21 is precooled to about-40 DEG C by cold methane steam in one or more heat exchanger 24, and arranges with the compressed exhaust stream 32 of discharge through cooling.As indicated, in some embodiments, this cooling stage 200 can comprise multiple heat exchanger.It should be noted that, in fig. 1 and 2, only show single heat exchanger 24 exemplarily property embodiment, and the actual quantity of heat exchanger and their independent structure can change according to the result of final expectation.In some embodiments, cooling medium can be used to cool one or more heat exchanger 24.In some embodiments, cooling-air, cooling water can be used or the two is to cool one or more heat exchanger 24.In some embodiments, cooling stage 200 also can comprise one or more intercooler (not shown) to cool low moisture compression NG stream 21, and does not substantially affect pressure.
LNG production system 10 (more specifically, expansion stage 300) also comprise arrange for receive from heat exchanger 24 the compressed exhaust stream 32 through cooling and produce the heterogeneous turbine expander 30 of expansion discharge currents 34.As comparatively early described, expansion stage 300 fluid that at least one cooling stage 200 comprises heterogeneous turbine expander 30 with at least one is communicated with, as described herein.As illustrated by a dotted line, the first compressor 22 and the usual mechanical coupling of heterogeneous turbine expander 30, such as, by common axle 36.Or heterogeneous turbine expander 30 can coupling mechanical with compressor 46.During expansion process, natural gas flow (more specifically, through cooling compressed exhaust stream 32) temperature reduce, the result that mainly merit is extracted in heterogeneous turbine expander 30, suppress static temperature and the joule-Tang Pusen during throttling to act on by local in high velocity stream, other temperature occurs and reduces.During operation, the energy reclaimed in heterogeneous turbine expander 30 is used for the energy requirement of part payment compression stage 100.When being cooled by natural gas flow, it is partially converted into LNG and natural gas impurity, such as moisture, and CO 2form solid phase.More specifically, the compressed exhaust stream 32 through cooling of the further cooled natural gas of expansion process, generation comprises and substantially comprises CH 4steam stream and LNG/ ice/solid CO 2the expansion discharge currents 34 of the mixture of slurry.
In one embodiment, when process starts, bulk water is used to remove system (more specifically, moisture removal device 12), in heterogeneous turbine expander 30, before inflation, adjustable at NG stream 16 (more specifically, low moisture compression NG stream 21) in moisture, with optimize LNG export and CO 2particle diameter.In one embodiment, by forcing to make stream vortex movement, solid CO at least partially 2flow 16 with ice with NG to be separated, and remove from heterogeneous turbine expander 30.
LNG production system 10 also comprises at least one separation phase 400, and it comprises separator 38, arranges and is used for receiving package containing substantially comprising CH 4steam stream and LNG/ ice/solid CO 2the expansion discharge currents 34 of the mixture of slurry, and Component seperation is become substantially comprise CH 4output steam stream 40 and LNG/ ice/CO 2stream of slurry 42.More specifically, substantially CH will be comprised 4steam stream 40 and LNG/ ice/CO 2slurry is separated in separator 38, and recycles in LNG production system 10, as indicated by the arrows, for pre-cooled low moisture NG stream 20 and expansion in the first compressor 22 and heterogeneous turbine expander 30 respectively before compression.
More specifically, system 10 also comprises the recirculation stage 500, and it arranges and is used for substantially to comprise CH 4the low moisture NG that is circulated at least partially of steam stream 40 flow 20, more specifically, be circulated to low moisture NG in compression stage 100 upstream and flow 20 and compressor 22 in recirculation path 501, as best illustrated in FIG.In an alternate embodiment, the recirculation stage 500 arranges and is used for substantially to comprise CH 4steam stream 40 be circulated to compression NG stream 28 at least partially, be more specifically circulated to compression NG in compression stage 100 downstream and flow 28 and compressor 22 in recirculation path 501, as best illustrated in fig. 2.In some embodiments, cold CH is recovered 4the cooling that steam stream 40 can cause gas flow 16 other.
Substantially CH is being comprised 4steam stream 40 process recycling during, compressed vapour stream 40 in the second compressor 44.In one embodiment, by drive source 46, drive the second compressor 44, to provide CH with the one in machinery or electric mode 4the compression of steam stream 40 and generation compressed vapour stream 48.
LNG/ ice/solid CO 2stream of slurry 42 is separated in liquid/solid separator 50, to form liquid natural gas (LNG) output stream 52 and substantially to comprise ice/solid CO 2output stream 54.In one embodiment, liquid/solid separator 50 be gravity separator, cyclone separator, sintered metal filter or arrange be used for from the one the filter of any type of LNG separating solid contaminants.
With reference now to Fig. 2, a kind of alternate embodiment of LNG production system of the present disclosure is described.More specifically, the LNG production system 60 comprising integrated external refrigeration system is described.It should be understood that key element identical in whole embodiment has identical numeral.
LNG production system 60 comprises the first compressor 22, and it is communicated with gas inlet 14 fluid, and flows 16 by this gas inlet 14 feed natural gas (NG).As described by about embodiment above, the first compressor 22 can comprise the multiple stage compressor 26 with interstage cooling and provide NG to flow the compression of 16.In an alternate embodiment, the first compressor 22 can comprise multiple compressor (not shown) with one or more aerial cooler arranged betwixt.First compressor 22 produces compression NG air stream 28 in the exit of the first compressor 22.LNG production system 60 is also included in the moisture removal device 12 arranged between the first compressor 22 and heat exchanger 24.Heat exchanger 24 moisture removal device 12 arranged downstream and be in fluid communication with it.More specifically, the downstream of moisture removal device 12 at the first compressor 22 and the upstream arrangement of heat exchanger 24.Heat exchanger 24 is for removing heat from low moisture compression NG stream 21.Heat exchanger 24 arranges to discharge the compressed exhaust stream 32 through cooling.LNG production system 60 also comprise arrange for receive from heat exchanger 24 the compressed exhaust stream 32 through cooling and produce the heterogeneous turbine expander 30 of expansion discharge currents 34.First compressor 22 and the usual mechanical coupling of heterogeneous turbine expander 30, such as, by common axle 36.The compressed exhaust stream 32 through cooling of the further cooled natural gas of expansion process, generation comprises and substantially comprises CH 4steam stream and LNG/ ice/solid CO 2the expansion discharge currents 34 of the mixture of slurry.
LNG production system 60 also comprises separator 38, and it arranges and is used for receiving package containing substantially comprising CH 4steam stream and LNG/ ice/solid CO 2the expansion discharge currents 34 of the mixture of slurry, and Component seperation is become substantially comprise CH 4steam stream 40 and LNG/ ice/CO 2stream of slurry 42.As previously described, in separator 38 by cold vapor C H 4with LNG/ ice/CO 2pulp separation, and recycle in LNG production system 60, as indicated by the arrows, be respectively used to pre-cooled compression NG before removal moisture and flow 28, cooling and expansion in moisture removal device 12, heat exchanger 24 and heterogeneous turbine expander 30.
Substantially CH is being comprised 4steam stream 40 process recycling during, compressed vapour stream 40 in the second compressor 44, comprises CH substantially to produce 4compressed vapour stream 48.LNG/ ice/solid CO is separated in liquid/solid separator 50 2stream of slurry 42, to form liquid natural gas (LNG) output stream 52 and substantially to comprise ice/solid CO 2output stream 54.
Contrary with the embodiment of Fig. 1, the embodiment illustrated in fig. 2 also comprises external refrigeration system 62, and it is arranged to produce cold steam stream 64.External refrigeration system 62 arranges and is communicated with heat exchanger 24 fluid.During operation, before expanding in heterogeneous turbine expander 30, external refrigeration system 62 is provided in heat exchanger 24 and is precooled to about-40 DEG C.Cold steam stream 64 provides and cools discharge stream 32 further to-60 DEG C at most.As previously indicated, although do not need external refrigeration system 62, so other chilling unit is used to provide other energy for heat exchanger 24, and cooling low moisture compression NG stream 21 further.In one embodiment, external refrigeration system 62 is provided as propane refrigerating system.
In disclosed embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, present heterogeneous turbine expander, more specifically, heterogeneous turbine expander 30, is expanded for making the compressed exhaust stream 32 through cooling produced by heat exchanger 42.Compressed exhaust stream 32 generation of expanding through cooling is made to comprise cold CH 4steam and LNG/ ice/solid CO 2the expansion discharge currents 34 of the mixture of slurry.Term used herein " heterogeneous turbine expander " refers to radial direction, axis or mixed flow turbine-machine, by this machine, gas or admixture of gas is expanded, to produce merit and other output component.
With reference now to Fig. 3, the heterogeneous turbine expander 70 according to embodiment of the present disclosure is described in the block diagram simplified, heterogeneous turbine expander 30 that is usual and Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 is similar.Fig. 4 illustrates the embodiment of the heterogeneous turbine expander 70 according to embodiment of the present disclosure with cross-sectional view.As indicated in Figure 4, heterogeneous turbine expander 70 comprises shell 72.As indicated in Figure 3, heterogeneous turbine expander 70 also comprises at least one setting for extracting rotary part or the rotor 74 of merit from flowing stream.In some embodiments, heterogeneous turbine expander 70 also comprises at least one fixed part 76.Fixed part 76 can comprise stator or nozzle.In some embodiments, nozzle is equipped with the impeller that forced vortex stream moves.As indicated in Figure 4, in some embodiments, heterogeneous turbine expander 70 also comprises one or more sealing 78.As indicated in Figure 4, heterogeneous turbine expander 70 also comprises one or more blade 80/82.In some embodiments, heterogeneous turbine expander 70 also comprises one or more fixed blade 80 and one or more rotor blade 82, as indicated in Figure 4.
As indicated in figs. 3 and 4, heterogeneous turbine expander 70 also comprises at least one entrance 84 arranged in shell 72.In some embodiments, entrance 84 arranges and is used for receiver gases stream 86.Gas flow 86 is usually similar with the compressed exhaust stream 32 through cooling of Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 leaving heat exchanger 24, compression and cooling in heat exchanger 24 in compressor (first compressor 22 of such as Fig. 1 and Fig. 2) subsequently.Heterogeneous turbine expander 70 also comprises at least one outlet 88 of arranging in shell 72.In some embodiments, export 88 to arrange for discharging expansion discharge currents 90.Expansion discharge currents 90 is usually similar with the expansion discharge currents 34 of Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 leaving heterogeneous turbine expander 70, expands subsequently in heterogeneous turbine expander 70 (the heterogeneous turbine expander 30 of such as Fig. 1 and Fig. 2).In one embodiment, heterogeneous turbine expander 70 can comprise other outlet and/or separation equipment (the present invention describes).
As comparatively early described, gas flow 86 comprises carbon dioxide and has specific moisture.In some embodiments, gas flow 86 also comprises one or more in nitrogen, heavy hydrocarbon or steam.In some embodiments, gas flow 86 also comprises impurity, and the example includes but not limited to hydrogen sulfide.In some embodiments, gas flow 86 is substantially free of impurity.In some embodiments, gas flow 86 comprises nitrogen and carbon dioxide.
In some embodiments, in gas flow 86, the amount of impurity is less than about 50 % by mole.In some embodiments, in gas flow 86, the amount of impurity is less than about 20 % by mole.In some embodiments, in gas flow 86 amount of impurity in about 10 % by mole of-Yue 20 % by mole of scopes.In some embodiments, in gas flow 86, the amount of impurity is less than about 5 % by mole.
As comparatively early described, gas flow 86 expands in heterogeneous turbine expander 70, and extracts merit, at heterogeneous turbine expander 70 internal cooling gas flow 86 along with from expanding gas stream.In heterogeneous turbine expander 70, cooling gas flow 86 causes forming CH in heterogeneous turbine expander 70 4steam, LNG and solid CO 2with liquid CO 2one or both of.More specifically, heterogeneous turbine expander 70 arranges and is used for cooling gas flow 86, makes the main formation of gas flow 86 substantially comprise CH 4steam stream and liquid natural gas/ice/solid CO 2stream of slurry, stream 40 and 42 that is usual and Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 is similar.In one embodiment, term used herein " mainly forms " the solid CO referring to be formed in heterogeneous turbine expander 2amount be less than about 5 quality %.In one embodiment, term used herein " is mainly formed " and refers to that the amount of the LNG formed in heterogeneous turbine expander is less than about 45 quality %.In one embodiment, term used herein " mainly forms " CH referring to be formed in heterogeneous turbine expander 4the amount of steam is less than about 50 quality %.
In some embodiments, the flow field in heterogeneous turbine expander 70 can be used for helping to be separated LNG/ ice/solid CO 2slurry and CH 4steam.This by having come in conjunction with one or more split tunnel (not shown) in heterogeneous turbine expander shell 72 and other outlet.In some embodiments, split tunnel can design and liquid or solid particle is entered due to centrifugal force, and again enters heterogeneous turbine expander flow path by turning device eliminating.The instance constructs comprising some aspect (such as multiple outlet, split tunnel etc.) of heterogeneous turbine expander 70 is described in the common U.S. transferred the possession of and announces 2013/0125580, D.Hofer, " ExpanderandMethodofCO 2separation is (for CO 2the expander be separated and method) ", it is attached to herein by reference and in full.
In some embodiments, at least one parts of heterogeneous turbine expander 70 also comprise setting for getting rid of solid CO 2with the coating of the surface adhesion of heterogeneous turbine expander parts.In some embodiments, one or more the comprising in shell 72, rotary part 74 or fixed part 76 is arranged for getting rid of solid CO 2with the coating of the surface adhesion of heterogeneous turbine expander parts.In particular embodiments, the rotary part 74 in heterogeneous turbine expander 70 comprises coating 92.In some embodiments, coating 92 is arranged for getting rid of solid CO 2adhere to the surface 94 of rotary part 74.In some embodiments, coating 92 comprises and can get rid of solid CO 2the non-cohesive material adhered to the surface 94 of rotary part 74.
In some embodiments, heterogeneous turbine expander 70 also comprises the parts of at least one heating.In some embodiments, the parts of heating are arranged for getting rid of solid CO 2with the surface adhesion of heterogeneous turbine expander parts.In some embodiments, the one or more parts comprising heating in shell 72, rotary part 74 or fixed part 76, to get rid of solid CO 2with the surface adhesion of heterogeneous turbine expander parts.In particular embodiments, the fixed part 76 in heterogeneous turbine expander 70 is heated, to get rid of solid CO 2adhere to the surface 96 of fixed part 76.
In some embodiments, by using electrical heating elements to heat one or more fixed blade 80.In such embodiments, blade 80 can be included in the element (not shown) of the heating of arranging in the one or more holes formed in blade 80.In some embodiments, one or more parts of heat multi-phase turbine expander 70 are carried out by circulating air or gas.In some embodiments, blade 80 also can comprise gas flow channel (not shown), as such as, and Z-shape passage.In some embodiments, gas flow channel can have any suitable shape, as such as, and U-shape, E-shape etc.As previously indicated, the instance constructs comprising some aspect (comprise and use electrical heating elements, circulating air or gas to come heater blade, gas flow channel etc.) of heterogeneous turbine expander 70 is described in the common U.S. transferred the possession of and announces 2013/0125580, D.Hofer, " ExpanderandMethodofCO 2separation is (for CO 2the expander be separated and method) ", it is attached to herein by reference and in full.
Heterogeneous turbine expander structure according to embodiments more of the present disclosure can advantageously allow to make CH in heterogeneous turbine expander itself 4steam stream and liquid natural gas/ice/solid CO 2stream of slurry and gas stream from, therefore get rid of and need other separator, the separator 38 of such as Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.
As indicated in figs. 3 and 4, heterogeneous turbine expander 70 also comprises at least one setting and comprises CH for discharge 4the expansion discharge currents 90 of steam and LNG/ ice/solid CO 2the outlet 88 of slurry.As indicated in figs. 3 and 4, in some embodiments, at least one outlet 88 is in the arranged downstream of rotary part 74.In some embodiments, expansion discharge currents 90 can comprise one or more non-condensable components.In some embodiments, expansion discharge currents 90 can comprise one or more liquid components.In some embodiments, expansion discharge currents 90 can comprise one or more solid constituents.Expansion discharge currents 90 can arrange for being communicated with solid-gas separator one or both of fluid with fluid-gas further, such as disclosed separator 38 and 50 in fig. 1 and 2.
In some embodiments, the heterogeneous turbine expander 70 for being produced LNG by gas flow 86 can comprise single phase heterogeneous turbine expander, as explanation in 3 and 4.In some of the other embodiments, the heterogeneous turbine expander 70 for being produced LNG by gas flow 86 can comprise multistage heterogeneous turbine expander 70, as announced 2013/0125580, D.Hofer, " ExpanderandMethodofCO in the common U.S. transferred the possession of 2separation is (for CO 2the expander be separated and method) " described by, it is attached to herein by reference and in full.
Turn to Fig. 5 now, in one embodiment, be provided for the method 600 being produced LNG by gas flow.Described method is included in cooling stage, compression stage, expansion stage and separation phase processing input gas flow.More specifically, described method comprises in step 602, input gas flow, more specifically, and natural gas flow.Described method also comprises in step 604, compression input gas flow in compression stage.Subsequently, in step 606, in the heterogeneous turbine expander in the expansion stage, flow of the compressed gas is expanded.Expansion stage produce power, and the discharge currents that expands comprises cold CH 4steam and LNG/ ice/solid CO 2the mixture of slurry.Then, in step 608, in the separator expansion discharge currents is separated into each component, more specifically, is separated into and exports cold CH 4steam stream and LNG/ ice/CO 2stream of slurry.In step 610, by CH 4steam stream is recycled to input gas flow, with gas flow pre-cooled before compression and expansion.In addition, in step 612, in the separator, by LNG/ ice/solid CO 2stream of slurry is separated further, with discharge liquid natural gas flow and solid CO 2stream.
With reference now to Fig. 6, according to a kind of exemplary, in graphical representation of exemplary represents (briefly mentioning being 700), the contrast compression ratio realized during previously described compression stage and Process Energy demand are described.More specifically, Figure 70 0 illustrates according to a kind of embodiment described herein, compression ratio (drawing in axle 702) and the energy requirement/gallon LNG output stream (drawing in axle 704) of new liquid natural gas (LNG) production system.Energy requirement/gallon LNG output stream (drawn by point/line 706 and show) illustrates when compression ratio improves, and energy requirement reduces, until reach maintenance level, when compression ratio exceedes about 30psi, close to 706.More specifically, illustrate in figure 6, by the amount normalization of the LNG of generation, when compression ratio improves, Process Energy demand reduces, and subsequently under ~ 30 compression ratios, Process Energy desired level is stabilized in about 0.8kWh/ gallon.
10 atmospheric initial NG pressure (stream 16 corresponding in fig. 1 and 2) are for calculating the compression ratio shown in figure 6.When initial pressure changes, the shape of compression curve in figure 6 also changes.
Therefore, the new method and system that disclosed is for the production of liquid natural gas, its integrated natural gas (NG) is removed and refrigeration step, with by utilizing heterogeneous turbine expander to produce LNG in a process steps.Described method and system comprises the heterogeneous turbine expander that can operate multiphase flow (gas, liquid and solid), and wherein discharges cold CH 4steam and LNG/ ice/solid CO 2the mixture of slurry.Compared with the LNG production process of routine, the system and method obtained provides lower equipment cost, less floor space, the LNG output of raising and lower overall cost.
This written description uses the open disclosure of embodiment, comprises best mode, and those skilled in the art can be made to put into practice the disclosure, comprise the method preparing and use any combination of any device or system and enforcement.Patentable scope of the present disclosure is defined by the claims, and can comprise other example that those skilled in the art expect.If other example like this has the structural element with the literal language indifference of claim, if or they comprise the equivalent structural elements had with the insubstantial difference of claim literal language, be then intended within the scope of the claims.

Claims (22)

1., for the system by natural gas flow production liquid natural gas (LNG), described system comprises:
Moisture removal device and compressor, for removing moisture and compressed natural gas stream and producing low moisture compressed natural gas stream from natural gas flow;
Heat exchanger, for the compressed exhaust stream cooling low moisture compressed natural gas stream and produce through cooling;
Heterogeneous turbine expander, comprises for expanding substantially comprise CH through the compressed exhaust stream of cooling and generation 4steam and liquid natural gas/ice/solid CO 2the expansion discharge currents of the mixture of slurry;
Separator, comprises CH substantially for separating of expansion discharge currents and generation 4steam stream and liquid natural gas/ice/solid CO 2stream of slurry; With
At least one other separator, for separating of liquid natural gas/ice/solid CO 2stream of slurry is with generation liquid natural gas output stream and substantially comprise ice/solid CO 2output stream.
2. the system of claim 1, wherein said moisture removal device comprises molecular sieve bed.
3. the system of claim 1, wherein said low moisture compressed natural gas stream comprises the natural gas flow that moisture is less than 180ppm.
4. the system of claim 1, wherein said heterogeneous turbine expander is arranged for cooling is from the compressed exhaust stream through cooling of heat exchanger further, and that make main formation is liquid natural gas/ice/solid CO 2slurry.
5. the system of claim 1, described system also comprises recirculation path, and it arranges and is used for substantially to comprise CH 4steam stream be recycled in natural gas flow.
6. the system of claim 5, wherein said recirculation path also comprises compressor, substantially comprises CH for compression 4steam stream and produce substantially comprise CH 4compressed vapour stream.
7. the system of claim 1, at least one other separator wherein said is the one in filter, cyclone separator or gravity separator.
8. the system of claim 1, wherein said heterogeneous turbine expander comprises:
Shell;
At least one rotary part arranged in described shell;
At least one entrance arranged in the housing, wherein said entrance arranges the compressed exhaust stream for receiving through cooling; With
At least one outlet of arranging in the housing, wherein said outlet setting comprises for discharge and substantially comprises CH 4steam and liquid natural gas/ice/solid CO 2the expansion discharge currents of the mixture of slurry,
Wherein said heterogeneous turbine expander arranges and is used for the compressed exhaust stream through cooling of cooling further from heat exchanger, makes to be formed substantially to comprise CH 4steam, formed liquid natural gas, and through cooling discharge natural gas flow in CO at least partially 2form solid CO 2.
9. the system of claim 8, wherein said heterogeneous turbine expander is arranged further for separating of substantially comprising CH 4steam and liquid natural gas/ice/solid CO 2slurry, comprises CH substantially to discharge 4steam stream and substantially comprise liquid natural gas/ice/solid CO 2stream of slurry.
10. the system of claim 1, described system also comprises the external refrigeration system be communicated with heat exchanger fluid, to provide further cooling to low moisture compressed natural gas stream.
11. 1 kinds for the system by natural gas flow production liquid natural gas (LNG), described system comprises:
At least one compression stage and at least one cooling stage, it arranges for compressing the compressed exhaust stream through cooling with cooled natural gas stream and generation; With
At least one expansion stage, it arranges the compressed exhaust stream for expanding through cooling and produces expansion discharge currents, at least one expansion stage described comprises at least one heterogeneous turbine expander be communicated with cooling stage fluid with compression stage, and described heterogeneous turbine expander comprises:
Shell;
At least one rotary part arranged in described shell;
At least one entrance arranged in the housing, wherein said entrance arranges the compressed exhaust stream for receiving through cooling; With
At least one outlet of arranging in the housing, wherein said outlet setting comprises for discharge and substantially comprises CH 4steam and liquid natural gas/ice/solid CO 2the expansion discharge currents of the mixture of slurry.
The system of 12. claims 11, described system also comprises separation phase, and it arranges and is used for substantially to comprise CH 4steam and liquid natural gas/ice/solid CO 2the mixture of slurry is separated into and substantially comprises CH 4steam stream and substantially comprise liquid natural gas/ice/solid CO 2the output stream of slurry.
The system of 13. claims 12, described system also comprises the recirculation stage, and it arranges and is used for substantially to comprise CH 4steam stream be recycled in natural gas flow.
The system of 14. claims 13, the wherein said recirculation stage comprises compressor, substantially comprises CH for compression 4steam stream and produce substantially comprise CH 4compressed vapour stream.
The system of 15. claims 11, wherein said heterogeneous turbine expander arranges and is used for cooling further through the compressed exhaust stream of cooling, makes to form liquid natural gas, and the CO at least partially in the discharge natural gas flow through cooling 2form solid CO 2.
The system of 16. claims 11, at least one cooling stage also comprises external refrigeration system, and it is arranged to provide further cooling to low moisture compressed natural gas stream.
17. 1 kinds for the method by natural gas flow production liquid natural gas (LNG), described method comprises:
Input gas stream is provided;
Removing moisture, compression and cooled natural gas stream and produce through cool compressed exhaust stream;
In heterogeneous turbine expander, making the expansion of the compressed exhaust stream through cooling and generation comprise substantially comprising CH 4steam and liquid natural gas/ice/solid CO 2the expansion discharge currents of the mixture of slurry;
In at least one separator, be separated expansion discharge currents and produce and substantially comprise CH 4steam stream and liquid natural gas/ice/solid CO 2stream of slurry; With
Separating liquid natural gas/ice/solid CO in the separator that at least one is other 2stream of slurry and generation comprise ice/solid CO substantially 2output stream and liquid natural gas (LNG) output stream.
The method of 18. claims 17, described method is also included in recirculation path will comprise CH substantially 4steam stream be recycled to input gas stream.
The method of 19. claims 17, described method is also included in heterogeneous turbine expander and incites somebody to action ice/solid CO at least partially 2with the compressed natural gas flow point through cooling from.
The method of 20. claims 17, wherein said heterogeneous turbine expander comprises:
Shell;
At least one rotary part arranged in described shell;
At least one entrance arranged in the housing, wherein said entrance arranges the compressed exhaust stream for receiving through cooling; With
At least one outlet of arranging in the housing, wherein said outlet setting comprises for discharge and substantially comprises CH 4steam and liquid natural gas/ice/solid CO 2the expansion discharge currents of the mixture of slurry;
Wherein said heterogeneous turbine expander arranges and is used for cooling further through the compressed exhaust stream of cooling, makes to be formed substantially to comprise CH 4steam, formed liquid natural gas, and through cooling discharge natural gas flow in CO at least partially 2form solid CO 2.
The method of 21. claims 17, described method is also included in further cooled natural gas stream in the external refrigeration system be communicated with the compressed exhaust stream fluid through cooling.
The method of 22. claims 17, described method is also included in heterogeneous turbine expander to be separated and substantially comprises CH at least partially 4steam stream and substantially comprise liquid natural gas/ice/solid CO 2stream of slurry.
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