CN105372090A - Confined aquifer proximity mobile experiment device for exploiting rock stratum and method thereof - Google Patents
Confined aquifer proximity mobile experiment device for exploiting rock stratum and method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN105372090A CN105372090A CN201510937198.0A CN201510937198A CN105372090A CN 105372090 A CN105372090 A CN 105372090A CN 201510937198 A CN201510937198 A CN 201510937198A CN 105372090 A CN105372090 A CN 105372090A
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- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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Abstract
The invention provides a confined aquifer proximity mobile experiment device, comprising a simulation rack with a simulation rock stratum installed inside and a plurality of confined aquifer simulation devices in the simulation stratum which are embedded on the upper part of the simulation stratum rack; the plurality of confined aquifer simulation devices are successively arranged along the length direction of the simulation rack; the confined aquifer simulation device comprises a pedestal, a top beam, a light duty hydraulic oil cylinder, two support rods, a high pressure oil pipe, a hydraulic pump, a stress sensor, a data line and a data collection device; the light-duty hydraulic oil cylinder comprises a piston rod, a cylinder and a rear flange; the stress sensor is arranged on the upper end of the piston; and the stress sensor is connected to a data collector through a data line. The experiment device disclosed by the invention can better reproduce the stress transmission characteristic of the confined aquifer, and is simple in structure, high in confining precision, adjustable in the water pressure, and easy to observe the water pressure of the confined aquifer and the deformation. The invention also provides the usage method for the experiment device.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to analog simulation experimental device and method and technology field, especially relate to a kind of contiguous confined aquifer mining rock stratum and move experimental provision and method.
Background technology
The thick aqueous soil layer of about 200 ~ 600m is covered on the mining area institute mining coal seams such as China East China, North China, northeast.Rule of thumb, generally stay in early days and establish 80m safety pillar under water-bodies, pressure coal amount is more than 10,000,000,000 tons.As Huainan, Anhui Pan Ji Xie Qiao mining area, thick 169 ~ the 437m of Quaternary loose soils in district, be huge thick loose strong aquifer, moisture group of bottom directly contacts with bedrock surface, local is thin clay layer, watery is strong, and the water yield is large, therefore, all stay during each ore deposit design and establish 80m safety pillar under water-bodies, barrier pillar reserves reach 600,000,000 tons, because seam inclination is little, and dull a large amount of coal resources.By improving upper extraction limit, reducing barrier pillar height, the mine first level service time limit can be extended, alleviate and take over anxiety, improve coal recovery rate.But due to the raising of mining up per limit, coal roof lithologic there occurs change by the impact of sedimentary environment and wind zone of oxidation, usually there is workplace roof fall and bury the great serious accident of frame.
Equivalent Materials Testing has that research cost is low, the cycle is short, visual pattern, can the advantage such as main parameters of strict control simulation object.Therefore, obtain in rock mass mechanics, underground works and apply widely, especially obtain at Equivalent Materials Testing in subject of digging up mine and be applied even more extensively.Resemble simulation test method is one of main research means of Mining pressure and strata control.
The authenticity of similarity simulation experiment result depends on model and the similarity by simulated experiment object, or the really degree of simulated experiment condition.But the simulated experiment condition due to confined aquifer is difficult to realize on simulation frame, make to become the Main Bottleneck that the contiguous confined aquifer mining rock stratum of impact moves research.And the simulated experiment of the confined aquifer carried out at present is mostly carry out at the environment of a relative closure, as patent CN201037819Y discloses the experimental provision of a kind of unconsolidated confined aquifer dynamic changes process effect, according to unconsolidated confined aquifer load character, by being equipped with the sealed water bag simulation unconsolidated confined aquifer of water sand aggregate, have studied unconsolidated confined aquifer to thin bedrock stope key strata compound breakage influencing mechanism.Although but water sand pocket has enough flexibilities, during first weighting, there is step convergence in rock stratum, when step convergence amount exceedes the deformation range of water sand pocket, water sand pocket can not fully contact with rock stratum, can have influence on simulate effect; In addition, certain difficulty is brought in the observation of environment Imitating unconsolidated confined aquifer to loading accuracy, water-bearing zone hydraulic pressure and deflection closed.
Summary of the invention
For above-mentioned technical matters, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of contiguous confined aquifer mining rock stratum to move experimental provision, structure is simple, loading accuracy is high, hydraulic pressure size is adjustable, water-bearing zone hydraulic pressure and deflection be easy to observation; Present invention also offers the experimental technique that above-mentioned contiguous confined aquifer mining rock stratum moves experimental provision, easy to operate, precision is high.
The technical solution used in the present invention is:
A kind of contiguous confined aquifer mining rock stratum moves experimental provision, comprise the simulation frame built with simulation coal rock layer and several confined aquifer analogue means be embedded in the simulation rock stratum on described simulation frame top, confined aquifer analogue means described in several is arranged in order layout along described simulation frame length direction, described confined aquifer analogue means comprises base, back timber, light hydraulic oil cylinder, two support bars, high-pressure oil pipe, hydraulic pump, strain gauge, data line and data acquisition unit, two described support bars are arranged at the both sides of described light hydraulic oil cylinder respectively, described light hydraulic oil cylinder comprises piston rod, cylinder barrel and rear flange, described rear flange is fixedly connected with the lower end of described cylinder barrel, described rear flange is fixed on described base, one end of described high-pressure oil pipe is connected with described light hydraulic oil cylinder, the other end stretches out outside described simulation frame and is connected with described hydraulic pump, described hydraulic pump outlet place is provided with retaining valve and tensimeter, described strain gauge is arranged at the upper end of described piston rod, by described data line, described strain gauge is connected with described data acquisition unit, the minimum constructive height of described support bar is greater than the minimum constructive height of described light hydraulic oil cylinder, the end of the described base of adjacent described confined aquifer analogue means contacts, the end of the described back timber of adjacent described confined aquifer analogue means contacts.
Contiguous confined aquifer mining rock stratum of the present invention moves experimental provision, wherein, described support bar comprises inner and outer tubes, the upper end of described interior pipe is fixed on the lower surface of described back timber, the lower end of described outer tube is fixed on the upper surface of described base, the internal diameter of described outer tube is slightly larger than the external diameter of described interior pipe, and the lower end of described interior pipe can slide up and down along the inwall of described outer tube.
Contiguous confined aquifer mining rock stratum of the present invention moves experimental provision, and wherein, the working pressure of described light hydraulic oil cylinder is 0.3 ~ 7.0MPa, is highly 120 ~ 195mm.
Contiguous confined aquifer mining rock stratum of the present invention moves experimental provision, and wherein, the length of described back timber and described base is all equal with the width H of described simulation frame.
Contiguous confined aquifer mining rock stratum of the present invention moves experimental provision, and wherein, the width of described back timber and described base is less than 50mm.
Contiguous confined aquifer mining rock stratum of the present invention moves experimental provision, and wherein, the external diameter of described interior pipe is 20mm, and the height of interior pipe is 125mm, and the height of outer tube is 120mm.
Contiguous confined aquifer mining rock stratum of the present invention moves experimental provision, and wherein, the wall thickness of described interior pipe is not less than 2mm.
Contiguous confined aquifer mining rock stratum of the present invention moves experimental provision, wherein, described hydraulic pump is also provided with handle.
Contiguous confined aquifer mining rock stratum of the present invention moves experimental provision, and wherein, the surface of described interior pipe is provided with scale.
Contiguous confined aquifer mining rock stratum of the present invention moves the experimental technique of experimental provision, comprises the steps:
A () take sand as aggregate, calcium carbonate, gypsum are consolidating material, borax is retardant, simulation rock stratum is successively laid from lower to upper in described simulation frame, in the described simulation rock stratum on described simulation frame top, bury confined aquifer analogue means described in several underground, then lay the top board simulation rock stratum in water-bearing zone successively;
B () simulation rock stratum lays after, air-dry under field conditions (factors), before test, first by described hydraulic pump, highly pressurised liquid is injected described light hydraulic oil cylinder, described piston rod can be released by oil liquid pressure, holds out against under described back timber, and continues Slow loading until the display of described tensimeter reaches simulation confined aquifer hydraulic pressure, and place balancing weight on described top board simulation top, rock stratum, keep voltage stabilizing state afterwards;
C step excavation is carried out in () simulation coal seam to described simulation frame inside, the data of described strain gauge are gathered by described data acquisition unit, described simulation rock crack development height after each excavation of observation simultaneously above described simulation coal seam, obtains the relation between cranny development height and advance of the face position;
D () excavates at every turn after, keep voltage stabilizing state, after described simulation rock stability, carry out excavation next time again, to ensure that light hydraulic oil cylinder is in pressure constant state in the overall process of excavation, by mining influence, when the cranny development height of described simulation rock stratum feeds through to the top board simulation rock stratum of confined aquifer, the pressure that strata movement can make top board simulate rock stratum is less than the anchorage force of described light hydraulic oil cylinder, described pressure gauge reading reduces, highly pressurised liquid is injected described hydraulic jack through described high-pressure oil pipe, described piston rod rises, thus reach pressure constant state.
Compared with the prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is presented as:
Contiguous confined aquifer mining rock stratum of the present invention moves experimental provision, confined aquifer Stress Transmission can well be reproduced, light hydraulic oil cylinder working-pressure can be caused to reduce when strata movement feeds through to confined aquifer, first can be monitored by the strain gauge be arranged in above piston rod, thus the time-space relationship of overlying strata motion and face advanced distance can be investigated, piston rod is while upper stretching, support bar extends, the step convergence amount simulating rock stratum generation can be obtained by the scale value reading tube-surface in support bar, sand coated iron mold can be simulated, water-bearing zone hydraulic pressure, key stratum intensity, working resistance of support and bedrock thickness are on the impact of key strata compound breakage, reasonable in design, structure is simple, loading accuracy is high, hydraulic pressure size is adjustable, water-bearing zone hydraulic pressure and deflection are easy to observation, calamity mechanism is caused for exploiting the disrumpent feelings pressure rack of overlying strata under carrying on confined aquifer, barrier pillar is rationally determined to wait research to provide experiment condition.
Contiguous confined aquifer mining rock stratum of the present invention moves experimental provision, the working pressure of described light hydraulic oil cylinder is 0.3 ~ 7.0MPa, be highly 120 ~ 195mm, light hydraulic oil cylinder uses pressure limit to be 0.3 ~ 7.0MPa, can simulate the different hydraulic pressure size of confined aquifer; Be highly 120 ~ 195mm, various all-time high mining face can be simulated, workplace mining height needs can be met; Can ensure that workplace excavation front top plate underground pressure can be delivered to floor strata by interior pipe, and hydraulic jack is not crushed to death.
Contiguous confined aquifer mining rock stratum of the present invention moves experimental provision, the length of described back timber and described base is all equal with the width H of described simulation frame, because when laying simulation rock stratum, also need to add channel-section steel on the two sides, front and back of simulation frame, and confined aquifer analogue means needs to put in when laying simulation rock stratum, so back timber and base length preferably can not be greater than the width H of simulation frame; In addition, also to lay above confined aquifer analogue means back timber top board simulation rock stratum, so the length of back timber preferably equal simulation frame wide.
Contiguous confined aquifer mining rock stratum of the present invention moves experimental provision, and the external diameter of described interior pipe is 20mm, and the height of interior pipe is 125mm, and the height of outer tube is 120mm, is easy to weld interior pipe.
Contiguous confined aquifer mining rock stratum of the present invention moves the experimental technique of experimental provision, and easy to operate, precision is high, and water-bearing zone hydraulic pressure and deflection are easy to observation.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the front view that contiguous confined aquifer mining rock stratum of the present invention moves experimental provision;
Fig. 2 is the cut-open view along A-A line in Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation that contiguous confined aquifer mining rock stratum of the present invention moves the confined aquifer analogue means of experimental provision;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation after contiguous confined aquifer mining rock stratum of the present invention moves the piston rod rising of the confined aquifer analogue means of experimental provision.
In figure: 1, simulate frame, 2, base, 3, back timber, 4, light hydraulic oil cylinder, 41, piston rod, 42, cylinder barrel, 43, rear flange, 5, support bar, 51, interior pipe, 52, outer tube, 6, screw, 7, high-pressure oil pipe, 8, hydraulic pump, 81, retaining valve, 82, tensimeter, 9, simulation rock stratum, 91, top board simulation rock stratum, 92, base plate simulation rock stratum, 10, strain gauge, 11, data line, 12, data acquisition unit, 13, handle, 14, simulation coal seam, 15, balancing weight.
Below in conjunction with specific embodiments and the drawings, the invention will be further described.
Embodiment
As Fig. 1, Fig. 2, shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, a kind of contiguous confined aquifer mining rock stratum moves experimental provision, comprise built with the simulation frame 1 of simulation coal rock layer and several confined aquifer analogue means in being embedded in the simulation rock stratum 9 of simulating frame 1 top, confined aquifer analogue means described in several is arranged in order layout along simulation frame 1 length direction, and described confined aquifer analogue means comprises base 2, back timber 3, light hydraulic oil cylinder 4, two support bars 5, some screws 6, high-pressure oil pipe 7, hydraulic pump 8, strain gauge 10, data line 11, data acquisition unit 12 and handle 13, two support bars 5 are arranged at the both sides of light hydraulic oil cylinder 4 respectively along simulation frame 1 Width, and light hydraulic oil cylinder 4 comprises piston rod 41, cylinder barrel 42 and rear flange 43, rear flange 43 is fixedly connected with the lower end of cylinder barrel 42, some screws 6 are adopted to be fixed on base 2 by rear flange 43, the cylinder diameter of light hydraulic oil cylinder 4 is 32mm, working pressure is 0.3 ~ 7.0MPa, minimum constructive height is 120mm, and maximum height is 195mm, and impulse stroke is 75mm, one end of high-pressure oil pipe 7 is connected with light hydraulic oil cylinder 4, the other end stretches out outside simulation frame 1 and is connected with hydraulic pump 8, hydraulic pump 8 exit is provided with retaining valve 81 and tensimeter 82, hydraulic pump 8 is also provided with handle 13, the length of back timber 3 and base 2 is all equal with the width H of simulation frame 1, the width of back timber 3 and base 2 is less than 50mm, back timber 3 and base 2 are rectangular steel plates, strain gauge 10 is arranged at the upper end of the piston rod 41 of light hydraulic oil cylinder 4, by data line 11, strain gauge 10 is connected with data acquisition unit 12, the end of the base 2 of adjacent described confined aquifer analogue means contacts, the end of the back timber 3 of adjacent described confined aquifer analogue means contacts, the present embodiment is provided with 40 described confined aquifer analogue means, simulation frame length is 2m, the width of the back timber 3 of confined aquifer analogue means is 5cm,
Support bar 5 comprises interior pipe 51 and outer tube 52, and the material of interior pipe 51 and outer tube 52 is galvanized conduit, and the upper end of interior pipe 51 is fixed by welding in the lower surface of back timber 3, and the lower end of outer tube 52 is fixed by welding in the upper surface of base 2; The external diameter of interior pipe 51 is 20mm, the internal diameter of outer tube 52 is slightly larger than the external diameter of interior pipe 51, the lower end of interior pipe 51 can slide up and down along the inwall of outer tube 52, the height of interior pipe 51 is 125mm, the height of outer tube 52 is 120mm, and the wall thickness of interior pipe 51 is not less than 2mm, can bear the load of rock stratum, top, the surface of interior pipe 51 is provided with scale, can obtain simulation rock stratum 9 vertical deformation amount by the value reading scale; The minimum constructive height of support bar 5 is greater than the minimum constructive height of light hydraulic oil cylinder 4, and when top board simulation rock stratum 91 pressure is greater than the anchorage force of light hydraulic oil cylinder 4, the pressure of top board simulation rock stratum 91 is delivered in base plate simulation rock stratum 92 by support bar 5; Adopt unload effects by simulation coal seam 10, the pressure when top board simulation rock stratum 91 is less than the anchorage force of light hydraulic oil cylinder 4, and highly pressurised liquid is injected into light hydraulic oil cylinder 4 through high-pressure oil pipe 7, and piston rod 41 rises, thus reaches pressure constant state.
Contiguous confined aquifer mining rock stratum described in the present embodiment moves the experimental technique of experimental provision, comprises the steps:
A () take sand as aggregate, calcium carbonate, gypsum are consolidating material, borax is retardant, simulation rock stratum 9 is successively laid from lower to upper in simulation frame 1, several confined aquifer analogue means are buried underground in the simulation rock stratum 9 on simulation frame 1 top, by the high-pressure oil pipe 7 stretching out simulation frame 1 outside, light hydraulic oil cylinder 4 is connected with hydraulic pump 27, at the upper ends strain gauge 10 of piston rod 41, and be connected with data acquisition unit 12 by strain gauge 10 by data line 11, then lay the top board simulation rock stratum 91 in water-bearing zone successively;
B () simulation rock stratum 9 lays after, under field conditions (factors) place 15 days air-dry, before test, first by hydraulic pump 8, highly pressurised liquid is injected light hydraulic oil cylinder 4, piston rod 41 can be released by oil liquid pressure, holds out against back timber 3 times, and continues Slow loading until tensimeter 82 display reaches simulation confined aquifer hydraulic pressure, and place balancing weight 11, afterwards voltage stabilizing 2h on top board simulation top, rock stratum 91;
C step excavation is carried out in () simulation coal seam 14 to simulation frame 1 inside, the data of strain gauge 10 are gathered by data acquisition unit 12, gather once every 1s, simulate rock stratum 9 cranny development height above simulation coal seam 14 after each excavation of observation simultaneously, obtain the relation between cranny development height and advance of the face position;
D () excavates at every turn after, voltage stabilizing half an hour, after simulation rock stratum 9 is stable, carry out excavation next time again, to ensure that light hydraulic oil cylinder 4 is in pressure constant state in the overall process of excavation, by mining influence, when simulating rock stratum 9 cranny development height and feeding through to the top board simulation rock stratum 91 of confined aquifer, the pressure that strata movement can make top board simulate rock stratum 91 is less than the anchorage force of light hydraulic oil cylinder 4, tensimeter 82 reading reduces, swinging handle 13 is by highly pressurised liquid through high-pressure oil pipe 7 injection liquid compressing cylinder 4, and piston rod 41 rises, thus reaches pressure constant state.
Above-described embodiment is only be described the preferred embodiment of the present invention; not scope of the present invention is limited; under not departing from the present invention and designing the prerequisite of spirit; the various distortion that those of ordinary skill in the art make technical scheme of the present invention and improvement, all should fall in protection domain that claims of the present invention determines.
Claims (10)
1. a contiguous confined aquifer mining rock stratum moves experimental provision, it is characterized in that: comprise built with the simulation frame (1) of simulating coal rock layer and several confined aquifer analogue means be embedded in the simulation rock stratum (9) on described simulation frame (1) top, confined aquifer analogue means described in several is arranged in order layout along described simulation frame (1) length direction, described confined aquifer analogue means comprises base (2), back timber (3), light hydraulic oil cylinder (4), two support bars (5), high-pressure oil pipe (7), hydraulic pump (8), strain gauge (10), data line (11) and data acquisition unit (12), two described support bars (5) are arranged at the both sides of described light hydraulic oil cylinder (4) respectively, described light hydraulic oil cylinder (4) comprises piston rod (41), cylinder barrel (42) and rear flange (43), described rear flange (43) is fixedly connected with the lower end of described cylinder barrel (42), described rear flange (43) is fixed on described base (2), one end of described high-pressure oil pipe (7) is connected with described light hydraulic oil cylinder (4), the other end stretches out described simulation frame (1) and is connected with described hydraulic pump (8) outward, described hydraulic pump (8) exit is provided with retaining valve (81) and tensimeter (82), described strain gauge (10) is arranged at the upper end of described piston rod (41), by described data line (11), described strain gauge (10) is connected with described data acquisition unit (12), the minimum constructive height of described support bar (5) is greater than the minimum constructive height of described light hydraulic oil cylinder (4), the end of the described base (2) of adjacent described confined aquifer analogue means contacts, the end of the described back timber (3) of adjacent described confined aquifer analogue means contacts.
2. contiguous confined aquifer mining rock stratum according to claim 1 moves experimental provision, it is characterized in that: described support bar (5) comprises interior pipe (51) and outer tube (52), the upper end of described interior pipe (51) is fixed on the lower surface of described back timber (3), the lower end of described outer tube (52) is fixed on the upper surface of described base (2), the internal diameter of described outer tube (52) is slightly larger than the external diameter of described interior pipe (51), and the lower end of described interior pipe (51) can slide up and down along the inwall of described outer tube (52).
3. contiguous confined aquifer mining rock stratum according to claim 1 moves experimental provision, it is characterized in that: the working pressure of described light hydraulic oil cylinder (4) is 0.3 ~ 7.0MPa, is highly 120 ~ 195mm.
4. contiguous confined aquifer mining rock stratum according to claim 1 moves experimental provision, it is characterized in that: the length of described back timber (3) and described base (2) is all equal with the width H of described simulation frame (1).
5. contiguous confined aquifer mining rock stratum according to claim 1 moves experimental provision, it is characterized in that: the width of described back timber (3) and described base (2) is less than 50mm.
6. contiguous confined aquifer mining rock stratum according to claim 1 moves experimental provision, it is characterized in that: the external diameter of described interior pipe (51) is 20mm, the height of interior pipe (51) is 125mm, and the height of outer tube (52) is 120mm.
7. contiguous confined aquifer mining rock stratum according to claim 1 moves experimental provision, it is characterized in that: the wall thickness of described interior pipe (51) is not less than 2mm.
8. contiguous confined aquifer mining rock stratum according to claim 1 moves experimental provision, it is characterized in that: described hydraulic pump (8) is also provided with handle (13).
9. the contiguous confined aquifer mining rock stratum according to claim 1-8 any one moves experimental provision, it is characterized in that: the surface of described interior pipe (51) is provided with scale.
10. the contiguous confined aquifer mining rock stratum described in claim 1-9 any one moves the experimental technique of experimental provision, it is characterized in that: comprise the steps:
A () take sand as aggregate, calcium carbonate, gypsum are consolidating material, borax is retardant, successively simulation rock stratum (9) is laid from lower to upper in described simulation frame (1), in the described simulation rock stratum (9) on described simulation frame (1) top, bury confined aquifer analogue means described in several underground, then lay top board simulation rock stratum (91) in water-bearing zone successively;
B () simulation rock stratum (9) lay after, air-dry under field conditions (factors), before test, first by described hydraulic pump (8), highly pressurised liquid is injected described light hydraulic oil cylinder (4), described piston rod (41) can be released by oil liquid pressure, hold out against under described back timber (3), and continue Slow loading until described tensimeter (82) display reaches simulation confined aquifer hydraulic pressure, and place balancing weight (11) on described top board simulation rock stratum (91) top, keep voltage stabilizing state afterwards;
Step excavation is carried out in c simulation coal seam (14) that () is inner to described simulation frame (1), the data of described strain gauge (10) are gathered by described data acquisition unit (12), after each excavation of observation simultaneously, described simulation rock stratum (9) the cranny development height of described simulation coal seam (14) top, obtains the relation between cranny development height and advance of the face position;
D () excavates at every turn after, keep voltage stabilizing state, after described simulation rock stratum (9) is stable, carry out excavation next time again, to ensure that light hydraulic oil cylinder (4) is in pressure constant state in the overall process of excavation, by mining influence, when the cranny development height of described simulation rock stratum (9) feeds through to top board simulation rock stratum (91) of confined aquifer, the pressure that strata movement can make top board simulate rock stratum (91) is less than the anchorage force of described light hydraulic oil cylinder (4), described tensimeter (82) reading reduces, highly pressurised liquid is injected described hydraulic jack (4) through described high-pressure oil pipe (7), described piston rod (41) rises, thus reach pressure constant state.
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| CN108038282A (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2018-05-15 | 安徽理工大学 | Load transmission method for numerical simulation is exploited under a kind of unconsolidated confined aquifer |
| CN109704707A (en) * | 2019-01-16 | 2019-05-03 | 山东理工大学 | A kind of artesian aquifer analog material of solid&liquid couple simulated experiment and preparation method thereof |
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| CN105372090B (en) | 2018-03-09 |
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