CN105304683A - Oled显示器及其显示模组 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种OLED显示器及其显示模组,该OLED显示模组包括:阴极板、阳极板以及设于阴极板和阳极板之间的发光功能层,发光功能层的各层之间的折射率满足以下关系:靠近阴极板的发光功能层材料的折射率要远大于与之相邻的远离阴极板的发光功能层材料的折射率。相对于现有技术,本发明提供的OLED显示器及其显示模组,通过使发光功能层的各层之间的折射率满足:靠近阴极板的发光功能层材料的折射率要远大于与之相邻的远离阴极板的发光功能层材料的折射率,来改善由于阴极反射率高而导致的OLED显示器的对比度和清晰度降低的技术问题。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及OLED显示的技术领域,具体是涉及一种OLED显示器及其显示模组。
背景技术
有机发光二极管(OLED)器件一般由阴极、阳极和发光层组成。阴极一般采用Al等金属材料制成,而阳极一般采用ITO等材料制成。电子和空穴分别从阴极和阳极注入,在有机发光层形成激子并激发发光层材料发光。目前实验室的产品多以透明阳极ITO为主,此时器件结构呈现出顶发射(Topemission)的状态,而生产线由于ITO蒸镀对有机材料的破坏,往往将其置于底部,从而采用底发光(Bottomemission)的结构,即光线从阴极射出。
由于现行多数OLED采用阳极发光结构,阴极成为反射层,导致环境光或内部杂散光在射到阴极后发生反射,尤其是阴极多数为金属,反射率较高,从而降低了OLED的对比度和清晰度。业界目前的做法是在OLED出光面上方增加一个1/4波片+偏光片的结构来改善这一反射,但其成本较高。
发明内容
本发明实施例提供一种OLED显示器及其显示模组,以解决现有技术中由于阴极反射率高而导致的OLED显示器的对比度和清晰度降低的技术问题。
为解决上述问题,本发明实施例提供了一种OLED显示模组,所述OLED显示模组包括:阴极板、阳极板以及设于所述阴极板和所述阳极板之间的发光功能层,所述发光功能层的各层之间的折射率满足以下关系:靠近所述阴极板的发光功能层材料的折射率要远大于与之相邻的远离所述阴极板的发光功能层材料的折射率。
根据本发明一优选实施例,所述发光功能层沿所述阴极板至所述阳极板方向依次包括:电子注入层、电子传输层、发光层、空穴传输层以及空穴注入层。
根据本发明一优选实施例,所述发光功能层各层之间还设有一层或多层折射率变化层。
根据本发明一优选实施例,所述折射率变化层为无机材料制成。
根据本发明一优选实施例,所述折射率变化层的厚度小于50nm。
根据本发明一优选实施例,所述发光功能层发出波长范围为500nm±25nm的可见光。
根据本发明一优选实施例,所述空穴注入层的材质包括酞菁铜、四氰代对二亚甲基苯醌、菲啰啉-23-二腈或钛氧基酞菁中的一种或多种。
根据本发明一优选实施例,所述空穴传输层的材质包括TCTA、F4TCNQ、四氰代对二亚甲基苯醌、菲啰啉-23-二腈、酞菁铜或钛氧基酞菁中的一种或多种;所述空穴传输层为多层结构。
根据本发明一优选实施例,所述发光层的材质由磷光材料、TCTA以及TAZ混合而成;所述电子传输层的材质包括喹啉铝、浴铜灵、Bphen、TPBi、羟基喹啉锂、Nbphen中的一种或多种;所述电子注入层的材质包括氟化锂、LiBq4或Alq3:Li3N中的一种或多种。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明还提供一种OLED显示器,所述OLED显示器包括上述实施例中任一项所述的OLED显示模组。
相对于现有技术,本发明提供的OLED显示器及其显示模组,通过使发光功能层的各层之间的折射率满足:靠近阴极板的发光功能层材料的折射率要远大于与之相邻的远离阴极板的发光功能层材料的折射率,来改善由于阴极反射率高而导致的OLED显示器的对比度和清晰度降低的技术问题。另外,为了进一步地满足发光功能层材料的折射率远大于与之相邻的远离阴极板的发光功能层材料的折射率,本发明技术方案还在发光功能层各层之间还设置一层或多层折射率变化层,折射率变化层在于获得折射率梯度变化,使得发光功能层满足折射率变化要求,以进一步改善由于阴极反射率高而导致的OLED显示器的对比度和清晰度降低的技术问题。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例中的技术方案,下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本发明OLED显示模组一优选实施例的结构示意图;
图2是本发明OLED显示模组另一优选实施例的结构示意图;以及
图3是本发明OLED显示器一优选实施例的结构简图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例,对本发明作进一步的详细描述。特别指出的是,以下实施例仅用于说明本发明,但不对本发明的范围进行限定。同样的,以下实施例仅为本发明的部分实施例而非全部实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
请参阅图1,图1为本发明OLED显示模组一优选实施例的结构示意图,该OLED显示模组包括:阴极板100、阳极板200以及设于阴极板100和阳极板200之间的发光功能层300;发光功能层300的各层之间的折射率满足以下关系:靠近阴极板100的发光功能层材料的折射率要远大于与之相邻的远离阴极板100的发光功能层材料的折射率。优选地,发光功能层300发出波长范围为500nm±25nm的可见光。
具体而言,该发光功能层300沿阴极板100至阳极板200方向依次包括但不限于以下功能层:电子注入层310、电子传输层320、发光层330、空穴传输层340以及空穴注入层350。
本发明技术方案意图是针对OLED本身的结构进行变化,提出了一种新的降低阴极板100反射的结构。我们从穿透的光学理论菲涅尔公式
可以推得反射光在垂直和水平偏正方向上的强度满足以下公式:
其中,Rs表示为垂直偏正方向上的光强度,Rp表示为水平偏正方向上的光强度,θ为入射和出射光角度。n表示光通过不同介质面材料的折射率。
假设沿阴极板100至阳极板200方向所包括的各功能层材料的折射率依次为n1、n2、n3、n4、n5、n6、n7……,其折射率满足以下关系:n1>>n2;n2>>n3;n3>>n4;n4>>n5……由于OLED的发光功能层300有N层结构,则上述不等式最少需要满足N-2个。上述不等式的意义在于,靠近阴极板100的发光功能层300材料的折射率总要远大于与它相邻的远离阴极板100的发光功能层300材料的折射率。而上述不等式满足地越多,效果越好。
优选地,阳极板200为氧化铟锡涂层。而空穴注入层350可以使用具有良好空穴注入能力的酞菁铜(CuPc)制成,也可以为F4TCNQ(2,3,5,6-四氟-7,7,8,-四氰二甲基对苯醌)、TCNQ(四氰代对二亚甲基苯醌)、PPDN(菲啰啉-23-二腈)或TiOPC(钛氧基酞菁)制成。
空穴传输层340可以使用良好的空穴传输能力的TCTA(4,4',4”-三(咔唑-9-基)三苯胺)制成,也可以为F4TCNQ(2,3,5,6-四氟-7,7,8,-四氰二甲基对苯醌)、TCNQ(四氰代对二亚甲基苯醌)、PPDN(菲啰啉-23-二腈)、CuPC(酞菁铜)或TiOPC(钛氧基酞菁)制成。
优选地,该空穴传输层340可以为多层结构,优选为2-4层。且每一层的厚度可以不同。发光层330可以使用由绿光磷光材料Ir(ppy)3与红光磷光材料Ir(pq)2acac共掺杂TCTA与TAZ(1,2,4-三唑衍生物)的混合式主发光层,同时使用蓝光磷光材料FCNIr掺杂mCP的辅发光层。根据色度学原理,其中红,绿,蓝三色发光材料掺杂于同一发光层中将会通过混色而产生白光。
电子传输层320可以使用良好的电子传输能力的喹啉铝(Alq3)制成,也可以为BCP(浴铜灵)、Bphen(4,7一二苯基-1,10-邻二氮杂菲)、TPBi(1,3,5-三(N-苯基苯并咪唑-2-基)苯)、Liq(羟基喹啉锂)、Nbphen(2,9-二(2-萘基)-4,7-二苯基-1,10-菲啰啉)或TAZ(1,2,4-三唑衍生物)制成。
电子注入层310可以使用良好的电子注入能力的氟化锂(LiF)等低功函材料制成,又如LiBq4(8-羟基喹啉硼化锂)或Alq3:Li3N(Li3N作为n型掺杂剂,掺杂层为Alq3)。
优选地,阴极板100为铝或者银材质制成。可以提高阴极板100的导电性能,使显示器的显示效果更优。
相对于现有技术,本实施例中提供的OLED显示模组,通过使发光功能层的各层之间的折射率满足:靠近阴极板的发光功能层材料的折射率要远大于与之相邻的远离阴极板的发光功能层材料的折射率,改善了由于阴极反射率高而导致的OLED显示器的对比度和清晰度降低的技术问题。
请参阅图2,图2是本发明OLED显示模组另一优选实施例的结构示意图。该实施例中的OLED显示模组同样包括:阴极板100、阳极板200以及设于阴极板100和阳极板200之间的发光功能层300;并且发光功能层300的各层之间的折射率满足以下关系:靠近阴极板100的发光功能层材料的折射率要远大于与之相邻的远离阴极板100的发光功能层材料的折射率。发光功能层300沿阴极板100至阳极板200方向依次包括但不限于以下功能层:电子注入层310、电子传输层320、发光层330、空穴传输层340以及空穴注入层350。
从上一实施例中可知,不等式满足的越多,即:从n1向n5或更多的n6、n7、n8折射率的向下梯度变化越大,则越能改善阴极反射效果。因此,该实施例在上一实施例的基础上,在发光功能层300各层之间还增设有一层或多层折射率变化层399,以进一步增大折射率的变化梯度,进而更好的改善阴极反射效果。图2中只揭示出了一种折射率变化层399的设置形式,在其他实施例中并不限于该图示中的一种情况。可以根据实际设计需求,增设不同数量的折射率变化层399,在本领域技术人员的理解范围内,此处不再详述。
优选地,该折射率变化层399为无机材料制成。折射率变化层399的厚度一般小于50nm。增设折射率变化层399主要目的在于改善折射率梯度变化。假设沿阴极板100至阳极板200方向所包括的各功能层材料的折射率依次为n1、n2、n3、n4、n5、n6、n7……,而增设的折射率变化层399沿阴极板100至阳极板200方向的折射率依次为n2’、n3’、n4’、n5’……。其折射率满足以下关系:n1>>n2’;n2’>>n2;n2>>n3’;n3’>>n3;n3>>n4’……同样的,假设OLED的发光功能层300和折射率变化层399一共设置有N层结构,则上述不等式最少需要满足N-2个。
在本实施例中的结构同样是针对发光功能层300发出波长范围为500nm±25nm的可见光进行设计。另外,阳极板200、阴极板100以及发光功能层300中的各层的材料性质、组成等技术特征与上一实施例相同,此处不再赘述。
相对于现有技术,本发明提供的OLED显示器及其显示模组,通过使发光功能层的各层之间的折射率满足:靠近阴极板的发光功能层材料的折射率要远大于与之相邻的远离阴极板的发光功能层材料的折射率,来改善由于阴极反射率高而导致的OLED显示器的对比度和清晰度降低的技术问题。另外,为了进一步地满足发光功能层材料的折射率远大于与之相邻的远离阴极板的发光功能层材料的折射率,本发明技术方案还在发光功能层各层之间还设置一层或多层折射率变化层,折射率变化层在于获得折射率梯度变化,使得发光功能层满足折射率变化要求,以进一步改善由于阴极反射率高而导致的OLED显示器的对比度和清晰度降低的技术问题。
另外,本发明实施例还提供一种OLED显示器,请参阅图3,图3是本发明OLED显示器一优选实施例的结构简图。其中,该OLED显示器包括壳体800以及设于壳体800内部的上述实施例中所述的OLED显示模组。关于OLED显示模组的技术特征请参阅上述实施例中的详细描述,而OLED显示器的其他部分结构技术特征,在本领域技术人员的理解范围内,此处亦不再赘述。
以上所述仅为本发明的一种实施例,并非因此限制本发明的保护范围,凡是利用本发明说明书及附图内容所作的等效装置或等效流程变换,或直接或间接运用在其他相关的技术领域,均同理包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。
Claims (10)
1.一种OLED显示模组,所述OLED显示模组包括:阴极板、阳极板以及设于所述阴极板和所述阳极板之间的发光功能层,其特征在于,所述发光功能层的各层之间的折射率满足以下关系:靠近所述阴极板的发光功能层材料的折射率要远大于与之相邻的远离所述阴极板的发光功能层材料的折射率。
2.根据权利要求1所述的OLED显示模组,其特征在于,所述发光功能层沿所述阴极板至所述阳极板方向依次包括:电子注入层、电子传输层、发光层、空穴传输层以及空穴注入层。
3.根据权利要求1所述的OLED显示模组,其特征在于,所述发光功能层各层之间还设有一层或多层折射率变化层。
4.根据权利要求3所述的OLED显示模组,其特征在于,所述折射率变化层为无机材料制成。
5.根据权利要求3所述的OLED显示模组,其特征在于,所述折射率变化层的厚度小于50nm。
6.根据权利要求1所述的OLED显示模组,其特征在于,所述发光功能层发出波长范围为500nm±25nm的可见光。
7.根据权利要求2所述的OLED显示模组,其特征在于,所述空穴注入层的材质包括酞菁铜、四氰代对二亚甲基苯醌、菲啰啉-23-二腈或钛氧基酞菁中的一种或多种。
8.根据权利要求2所述的OLED显示模组,其特征在于,所述空穴传输层的材质包括TCTA、F4TCNQ、四氰代对二亚甲基苯醌、菲啰啉-23-二腈、酞菁铜或钛氧基酞菁中的一种或多种;所述空穴传输层为多层结构。
9.根据权利要求2所述的OLED显示模组,其特征在于,所述发光层的材质由磷光材料、TCTA以及TAZ混合而成;所述电子传输层的材质包括喹啉铝、浴铜灵、Bphen、TPBi、羟基喹啉锂、Nbphen中的一种或多种;所述电子注入层的材质包括氟化锂、LiBq4或Alq3:Li3N中的一种或多种。
10.一种OLED显示器,其特征在于,所述OLED显示器包括权利要求1-9任一项所述的OLED显示模组。
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