CN105224759B - A kind of human anatomic structure model, implant quick molding method - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention discloses a kind of human anatomic structure model, implant quick molding method, it is characterised in that this method obtains implant, anatomical structure or anatomical structure various pieces, three-dimensional digital model at all levels by software processing first；Then, by all or part of progress of the software to model outwardly or inwardly cavity, village hollowing, thin-walled property processing, form internal framework or add interior lumen structure, obtain printer model；Then, the structure low to small volume, printing cost is printed after directly increasing supporting construction；For bulky structure, branch or network structure, by the analysis of 3D supporting constructions, and split, then to after segmentation model printing after, obtain model by assembling bonding；Finally carry out the further processing of model.The present invention can improve modeling accuracy, reduce printed material, save cost, time, and avoid some technical bottlenecks, so it is practical and easy to spread.

Description

A kind of human anatomic structure model, implant quick molding method

Technical field

It the present invention relates to the use of Computer Aided Modeling field, more particularly to human anatomic structure, implant digital modeling And its quick molding method.

Background technology

The 3D printing technique industrial revolution at present is in the ascendant, but the technology is still within laboratory rank in the application of clinic Section, the clinical practice main cause for restricting the technology have three：1. precision, the clinical requirement to precision are higher, such as the body of tumour The information such as product, position, if deviation is larger, it may result in and wrong tissue is cut in art, 2. shaping speeds, clinical preoperative preparation time Limited, financial burden can all be brought for one day to patient by extending, and 3D printing technique is at present than relatively time-consuming, in new technological break-through Before, this present situation will maintain for a long time, and 3. costs, the Item Cost of 3D printing at present is higher, and patient can not often receive High price, so can not produce a profit.4. bio-ink researches and develops Difficulty, cost is higher.So to change the status quo, make 3D printing technique is preferably promoted in the application of clinic, it is necessary to from precision, shaping speed, cost and bypass biological cell Four aspects of bottleneck of printing technique are made an effort.In addition, the joint replacement infected at present overhauls interim bone cement prosthese is mostly Doctor makes by hand, and its shape is not accurate enough, may bring some complication, can be made up by 3D printing technique all such The defects of class problem.

The content of the invention

For problems of the prior art, it is an object of the invention to provide one kind improve model establish precision, into Type speed, reduce human anatomic structure model, the implant quick molding method of cost.

To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that.

A kind of human anatomic structure model, implant quick molding method, comprise the following steps：

First step data acquisition, image segmentation：Utilize medical imaging system CT, MR, spatial digitizer, video-photographic equipment Target anatomical structure is scanned, acquisition image of photographing, and output image file or point cloud file；Image file is imported into Image segmentation software, the set of pixels (mask) or profile of target anatomical structure are isolated, to separation in image segmentation software Mask, output point cloud file or the file that a cloud can be presented as in reverse engineering software, or to mask computation model but Fairing noise abatement is not done, exports the file of threedimensional model, and for the more powerful image segmentation software of function, threedimensional model can be calculated Afterwards, the deviation of model silhouette line and image is rechecked, by way of changing contour line, correction model output model again；If Limited time requires relatively low to model accuracy, or deviation caused by calculating threedimensional model to image segmentation software have it is enough Solution, the satisfaction of mask quality, it can directly calculate threedimensional model output and enter the 5th step.

Second step reverse-engineering processing, using the reverse or positive reverse engineering software with variance analysis function to above-mentioned number The various processing such as denoising, fairing, filling-up hole are carried out according to the file of form；The mask point cloud or model exported such as the first step is more full Meaning, understand the model inversely generated and the deviation of origin cloud or model using variance analysis function, repaiied according to variance analysis result Positive model, after the really degree of smooth degree, anatomical structure in model, deviation reach pre-provisioning request, generate CAD surface models Or physical model is output to the 5th step；Mask such as output is more coarse, and image segmentation software processing is cumbersome, in reverse work By removing unnecessary tissue by hand in journey software, by the various processing such as denoising, fairing, filling-up hole, generation is closer to target The model of structure.

The verification checking of 3rd step model and image, the model of second step generation, generation model file are fed back to image point The difference of software, contrast model profile and target anatomical structure image is cut, and by adjusting contour line, increase deletion mask pixel The processing such as point, is modified to mask or model, exports mask point cloud or model file.

4th step reverse engineering amendment output, model quality classification, amended mask point cloud or model are led Enter in reverse engineering software, by the various processing such as denoising, fairing, filling-up hole, after model smooth, variance analysis reach requirement, obtain To revised model, after the really degree of smooth degree, anatomical structure in model, deviation reach pre-provisioning request, CAD is generated Surface model or physical model are output to the 5th step, three, four steps can be repeated a number of times according to model quality, obtain optimal Model.First, secondth, the model final mass of the 4th step output is given and can be classified, and is labeled.

The further processing of 5th step model, the model of the first step, second step or the output of the 4th step import CAD or quick In shaping manufacture software：One) handle, organa parenchymatosum and implant, lead to entity anatomical structure or by entity anatomical structure Cross and take out the processing such as shell, face thickening, face biasing, benefit face, Boolean calculation, generate hollow thin-wall model, the thickness of wall is by requiring and 3D Printer precision determines, such as use SLA printing techniques, uses preferable material, recommends 0.8-1.2mm, preceding step foundation The model surface by variance analysis do not make an amendment or edit, it form thin-walled model inner surface or outer surface；Two) to chamber Body anatomical structure is handled by cavity body structure, establishes the mask or model of its surfaces externally and internally, then arriving by Boolean calculation The mask or model of the structure, outer surface is only such as needed, then can be handled completely as organa parenchymatosum；Three) for blood vessel, tracheae, The model of the hollow branch-like structures such as lymphatic vessel, bile duct, nerve, caliber is less than establishes physical model to a certain degree, and caliber is big Trunk gives village hollowing according to demand；Four) it is raw for the tube chamber model of the internal compound anatomical structure with branch-like structures Into entity anatomical structure；The branching system being pointed in entity, by Boolean calculation, obtain entity and go the internal formation for removing blood vessel The model of interior lumen and the branching system outside entity.Internal more set apparatus derivatoriuses are, it is necessary to check that branched structure model is No intersecting, in the position that tube chamber communicates, increase wall is separated after Boolean calculation；Five) for internal answering with branch's spline structure The skeletonisation model of anatomical structure is closed, after establishing model, outside shell carries out thin-walled hollow by entity anatomical structure, and makes reality The wall of matter structure have adequate thickness have with apparatus derivatorius be connected or design interface be connected with apparatus derivatorius end, it is necessary to carry out to solution The segmentation of structure leaflet is cutd open, establishes actual tissue interval or the livers such as interlobar septum, interventricular septum, bone fascial bursa wall, cerebral falx, tentorium cerebelli Artificially the model at division interval and apparatus derivatorius collectively form inner frame to leaflet section etc..It is soft using covering for not printing outer wall What material was replaced, to ensure that the profile of covering material is correct, software is drawn materials or uses in the upper appropriate cutting of substantial structure Function is completely skeletonisation to entity progress, is combined with inner frame and establishes model；Six) for multilayered structure model, such as thoroughly There is skeleton model in bright skin, white matter of brain grey matter model, then according to progress Boolean calculation is needed, wherein a certain level is arranged to Cavity, the model with cavity is generated, other levels can take out the processing such as shell according to needing the method by entity anatomical structure to carry out, raw Into cavity thin-walled model, the modification for influenceing precision or editor are not made in the high-precision model surface that preceding step is established, it is ensured that its essence Degree；More for demonstration level, according to from inside to outside, or the order of ecto-entad is ranked up, the strata lacunosum of structure in itself It is secondary to include sequence；It is entity level for continuous level：Selection is interior based on the model of the entity Level building of outside The entity level in portion, partly form the level, the cavity of part in external model by Boolean calculation, form analysis carry out or Without thin-walled hollow, the entity level of cavitation, the selection principle of part be volume is larger, need printed material (including Backing material) more give cavitation, design branch using branched structure out of shape in multi-level or in the cavities or between cavity Attachment structure is supportted, avoids the structure in cavity from being fixed in external structure, such as grey matter white matter, inside is gone after establishing brain model Except white matter model, the model that white matter is cavity is formed.It is intended to simulate its external structure to cover soft material, then selection is made with internal layer For main body, such as skull and skin, in the skull surface covering soft simulated skin of printing, then only need skull model and beat Print.If necessary to be simulated for multilayered structure inside branch-like structures, then apparatus derivatorius is divided into essence part out of shape With in cavity level part out of shape, it is out of shape in entity, internal apparatus derivatorius is formed into pipe by Boolean calculation in entity Cavity configuration, embranchment Design out of shape can dock with the branched structure in the level of entity structure in the level of cavity Assembling structure.Such as by larger organ as with apparatus derivatorius multi-level anatomical structure handle model, then include caliber compared with The essence of small son field is established interior lumen, and the larger backbone area cavity of caliber, the trunk blood in cavity region Branched structure out of shape is managed to be printed and docked with the branched structure assembling in the level of entity structure；Model can further exist A certain proportion of scaling is carried out in software.

6th step, assembling model generation, the model of the 5th step are aided in analyzing model in software, selected in rapid shaping Select and support minimum splitting scheme, model is cut, if necessary model part design assembling docking structure after dicing Or mark；And it is smooth injection or filling, and or to adapt to sterilization specification, using the structure of hidden position or model in itself, Necessary hand-hole or passage are set on model；Finally all parts aid in adding supporting construction in software in rapid shaping Generate mimeograph documents.

7th step 3D printing, each part is printed using 3D printer, according to real needs determine printing type, Material, SLA printers are recommended in high precision.The high method of printed material method prioritizing selection printing precision, each several part, level Different materials can be selected to be printed.

8th step, assembling and follow-up filling, injection, covering soft material, support etc. is removed to printing model After processing, model is subjected to assembling bonding, the assembling of multi-level fuzzy judgment follows principle from inside to outside；Multi-level fuzzy judgment is the 5th Be arranged in step the level of cavity by being filled in part, injection material build or demonstrate, fill, inject in each part Material, covering soft material can also can also can further utilize covering after covering soft material after mounting before assembly The difference of the heat distortion temperature of material and frame material, which gives proper treatment, makes the soft material external form of covering more satisfied, model Complete.If the making of implant, the mould of the article of printing as implant, filler and solidification is bonded very wherein To after being tissue cultures, remove mould and can obtain implant；Implant is obtained for the mode using tissue cultures, is established Printer model can be more microcosmic structure, printed material can be culture medium, and infusion can be stem cell or culture Liquid.

On the basis of the above, the structure such as blood vessel, nerve, lymphatic vessel, tracheae, hollow organ can also establish idealization branch knot It is molded after structure model, method for establishing model is as follows：

By generating archetype in image segmentation or reverse engineering software and calculating center line, model and center line Output be batten by controlling the matched curve of error into CAD software, then to each section of batten as scanning path, with circle, Annular, ellipse, oval ring even the closed section of multistage camber line composition, closure SPL, as scanning section, circle The diameter of shape or elliptic cross-section changes with path is scanned, and changing rule can be set according to calculation formula, can also be in sample The vertical cross-section of batten is done at the control point of bar, and the section line profile that intersects with model is fitted.Can not such as calculate center line or The dissatisfied person of image segmentation, it can be output in CAD software by tracing its traveling central point in the picture, pass through to control and miss The matched curve of difference is scanned again for batten；Such as precision is had higher requirements, Utopian blood vessel, tracheae, lymphatic vessel, neural decile After branch configuration model, variance analysis further can be carried out with archetype, according to variance analysis modified result idealization mould Type, or import image segmentation software and directly carry out contrast modification with original image.

The main advantage that rapid shaping model is made using the present invention is, it is necessary to the material printed is less, to greatly save Cost, print speed is improved, can be significantly reduced costs.Modeling process is crosschecked so that and modeling accuracy greatly improves, and due to The reduction of material cost, the raising of speed so that all printed using high-precision MATERIALS METHODS, further carried so as to improve High model accuracy and quality.Fill and cover due to material and can be more quickly completed than printing, further increase operating efficiency. More superior bone cement prosthese can also be made using the present invention program, there is artificial bone, cartilage for being more bonded defect etc. to plant Enter thing.Because this programme avoids the thermally sensitive bottleneck of biometric print technology biological cell, so this programme can be preferably Promoted.In a word, the present invention program, promote to the wider clinical practice of 3D printing technique in order to possible.And model Crosscheck and be classified with variance analysis, model quality, then can improve model construction precision, all details that are likely to result in are lost The link of mistake includes control, and hierarchy system can more help the precision of user's model more clearly used, make it for the true of individual Truth condition, which has, more accurately to be estimated, understands, and is easy to quality analysis to compare, there are laws to abide by, prevents from adulterating.

Embodiment

The essence of the present invention is more fully understood for ease of those of ordinary skill in the art, below to the specific implementation of the present invention Mode is described in detail.

This method obtains the view data of object construction first with CT, MR, scanner, video-photographic equipment；By soft Part handles to obtain implant, anatomical structure or anatomical structure various pieces, three-dimensional digital model at all levels；Then, pass through Software is handled model：The all or part of progress of model outwardly or inwardly cavity, village hollowing, thin-walled property processing, Form internal framework or add interior lumen structure, obtain printer model, printer model can be scaled further；To body The structure that product is small, printing cost is low is printed after directly increasing supporting construction；For bulky structure, branch or netted knot Structure, by the analysis of 3D supporting constructions, model optimal segmentation scheme is determined, and split, then the model after segmentation is printed Afterwards, model is obtained by assembling bonding；Finally carry out the further processing of model, the cavity of model, tube chamber can before assembly or Various pieces are distinguished or demonstrated by filling or injection material after assembling, or further the material inserted is bonded, is frozen into Shape or tissue cultures, form implant；The outer wall printed after filling molding removes thin-walled shape according to needing to be removed after shaping Into implant；Model or framework surface further cover its form analysis of changeability soft material analog demenstration or outer according to needs Wall.

The flow detailed description that the present invention establishes model is as follows：1. utilize CT, MR, spatial digitizer, video-photographic equipment It is (normal or have lesion to target anatomical structure；Live body, corpse, archetype, laminated tissue section such as pathological section) swept Retouch, acquisition image of photographing, and output image file or point cloud file；Image file has the forms such as jpg, dicom, for tissue Section, in picture obtained by microscope shoot, it is necessary to notice that every layer of center picture aligns when making.Led per tomographic image file Enter the set of pixels (mask) for the image segmentation software such as software such as MIMICS, 3D doctor, isolating target anatomical structure or wheel Exterior feature, to the mask of separation in image segmentation software, output point cloud file or a cloud can be presented as in reverse engineering software File, (in such as MIMICS softwares export contour line IGES forms, be shown as a little in GEOMAGIC, IMAGEWARE software Cloud), or fairing noise abatement is not done to mask computation model but, the file of threedimensional model is exported, such as with most in MIMICS softwares High-resolution, the model of not fairing not noise abatement generation, can so be avoided because image segmentation software does not have variance analysis function to lead The unknown loss in detail caused, and for the more powerful image segmentation software of function such as more than MIMICS18 versions, three can be calculated After dimension module, the deviation of model silhouette line and image is rechecked, by way of changing contour line, correction model exports mould again Type；If limited time requires relatively low to model accuracy, or has foot to deviation caused by image segmentation software calculating threedimensional model Enough understandings, the satisfaction of mask quality, and CAD processing is not needed, it can directly calculate threedimensional model and export into 3D printing software And handled without reverse-engineering.2. reverse-engineering is handled, the data that the step exports to image segmentation software are handled, mainly In reverse or positive reverse software by the various processing such as denoising, fairing, filling-up hole, obvious bulk abnormal area mistake wheel is removed Exterior feature, spike, fairing curved surface raising model surface quality are removed, because incorrect processing can cause model to be lost with initial data Very, so needing to carry out model and initial data variance analysis, and crosschecking and changing by model and image, reduce The model of foundation and the deviation of image, its deviation degree to which includes classification, or understands model construction by variance analysis The error degree to which of precision, and correction model, model construction and image or point cloud includes classification, and final mask quality, which is pressed, divides Level standard, is marked its credit rating.Model quality classification reference index is as follows：Bulk caused by obvious noise, artifact Abnormal area or error profile number, abnormal area, every numerical value of error profile model bias analysis are removed, with wherein most Based on large deviation numerical value, the number of model surface spike, model silhouette and the maximum deviation of image how many pixel.Optimal Model should be that all bulk abnormal area error profiles are removed, and model surface spike is except the obvious spur of bone surface, branch Number beyond the tiny characteristics that the anatomical structures such as the tiny branch of spline structure inherently possess is 0, and variance analysis maximum deviation is small In 0.5mm or 0.1mm, the maximum deviation of model silhouette and image is less than 1 pixel.Generation CAD after reverse-engineering processing is bent Face or physical model, CAD software is inputted, or 3D printing software is inputted with file formats such as STL.3. the further processing life of model Into printer model：One) handled to entity anatomical structure or by entity anatomical structure, such as substantive device of bone, muscle, liver, spleen Official, and implant such as hip prosthesis, by further designing and (such as adding bulb) and taking out shell, face thickening, face Biasing, the processing such as face, Boolean calculation to be mended, generate hollow thin-wall model, the thickness of wall is determined by requiring with 3D printer precision, Preferable material such as is used using SLA printing techniques, recommends 0.8-1.2mm, the mould by variance analysis that preceding step is established Type surface is not made an amendment or edited, and prevents distortion, and it forms inner surface or the outer surface of thin-walled model；Two) cavity is dissected and tied Structure or by cavity body structure handle, such as stomach, intestines, the heart, bladder are the mask or model for establishing its surfaces externally and internally, then pass through cloth The mask or model to the structure of your computing, outer surface is only such as needed, then can be handled completely as organa parenchymatosum；Three) for The model of the hollow branch-like structures such as blood vessel, tracheae, lymphatic vessel, bile duct, nerve, caliber is less than establishes entity mould to a certain degree Type, the big trunk of caliber give village hollowing according to demand；Four) for the pipe of the internal compound anatomical structure with branch-like structures Chamber model, recommend to the use of the anatomical structure of small volume, such as spleen of the demonstration with blood vessel, with blood vessel and renal plevis Kidney, the tumour with blood vessel etc., entity anatomical structure is generated, the branching system being pointed in entity, by Boolean calculation, is obtained Entity goes branching system of the inside in addition to the model of the formation interior lumen of blood vessel and positioned at entity.Internal more set apparatus derivatoriuses, Need to check whether branched structure model intersects, in the position that tube chamber communicates, increase wall is separated after Boolean calculation；Five) for The skeletonisation model of compound anatomical structure of the inside with branch's spline structure, recommends the anatomical structure larger to volume to use, such as Liver with blood vessel, bile duct, the lung with tracheae, blood vessel, after establishing model, outside shell such as liver, lung are by entity dissection knot Structure carries out thin-walled hollow, and makes the wall of substantial structure have adequate thickness to have with apparatus derivatorius and be connected or design interface and branch knot Structure end be connected, it is necessary to carry out to anatomical structure leaflet segmentation, establish interlobar septum, interventricular septum, bone fascial bursa wall, cerebral falx, Artificially the model at division interval and apparatus derivatorius collectively form inner frame for the actual tissue such as tentorium cerebelli interval or liver leaflet section etc.. For not printing what outer wall was replaced using covering soft, to ensure that the profile of covering material is correct, in substantial structure It is completely skeletonisation that upper appropriate cutting draws materials or used software function to be carried out to entity, is combined with inner frame and establishes model；Six) it is right In multilayered structure model, for example clear transdermal or intramuscular have a skeleton model, white matter of brain grey matter model, then according to needing to carry out The Boolean calculation of threedimensional model, cavity is arranged to wherein a certain level, generates the model with cavity, other levels can be according to need To carry out taking out the processing such as shell by the method for entity anatomical structure, generate cavity thin-walled model, the high-precision mould that preceding step is established It does not make the modification for influenceing precision or editor in type surface, it is ensured that its precision.It is more for demonstration level, according to from inside to outside, or The order of ecto-entad is ranked up, and the lacuna level of structure in itself includes sequence, such as demonstration skin, skull, grey matter, white matter Skull model, ecto-entad sequence skin, skull, cavum subarachnoidale (lacuna), grey matter, white matter, are reality for continuous level Body level：Selection internal entity level, partly passes through threedimensional model based on the model of the entity Level building of outside Boolean calculation form the level, the cavity of part in external model, form analysis carries out or without thin-walled hollow, empty The entity level of chamber, the selection principle of part be volume is larger, need printed material (including backing material) more give sky Chamber, design support attachment structure using branched structure out of shape in multi-level or in the cavities or between cavity, avoids cavity In structure can not be fixed in external structure, such as grey matter white matter, establish it is internal after brain model remove white matter model, form white matter For the model of cavity.It is intended to simulate its external structure to cover soft material, then selection is using internal layer as main body, such as skull and skin Skin, in the skull surface covering soft simulated skin of printing, then only need skull model and print.If necessary to for multilayer Secondary inside configuration branch-like structures simulation, then apparatus derivatorius is divided into essence part out of shape and in cavity level portion out of shape Point, it is out of shape in entity, internal apparatus derivatorius is formed into luminal structure, cavity by the Boolean calculation of threedimensional model in entity The assembling structure that embranchment Design out of shape can dock with the branched structure in the level of entity structure in the level of change.Such as The model that larger organ is handled as the multi-level anatomical structure with apparatus derivatorius, then include the less son field of caliber Essence is established interior lumen, and the larger backbone area cavity of caliber, the major blood vessel in cavity region branch out of shape Structure is printed and docked with the branched structure assembling in the level of entity structure；Seven) model further can enter in software The a certain proportion of scaling of row.4. assembling model generates, the model after processing aids in dividing model in software in rapid shaping Analysis, selection support minimum splitting scheme, model are cut, if necessary model part design assembling docking after dicing Structure or mark, the auxiliary software such as selected do not possess design function, and segmentation and docking structure can be completed in CAD software Addition；And it is smooth injection or filling, or to adapt to sterilization specification, using the structure of hidden position or model in itself as grown Hole blood vessel etc. is supported, necessary hand-hole, passage are designed on model.Finally all parts are aided in rapid shaping in software Add supporting construction generation mimeograph documents.5.3D is printed, and each part is printed using 3D printer, true according to real needs Determine printing type, material, recommend SLA printers in high precision.The high method of printed material method prioritizing selection printing precision, Each several part, level can be selected different materials and printed.6 assemblings and subsequent treatment, the material of printing shaping are removed by after printing General processing such as remove support, cleaning surface outside, each several part need to be assembled, for the model of tube chamber, assembled Filling injection coloring agent mark tube chamber, such as prints transparent spleen, internal blood vessel passes through intraluminal coloring agent in front or rear tube chamber Demonstrated, if with more set branched structures, such as artery and vein, by being injected not in tube chamber before assembly or after assembling Distinguished with coloring agent.To avoid coloring agent from entering the branch of mistake, design and separate at the tube chamber place of communicating, prevent different points Branch interferes, and causes dyeing to be obscured.Frame structure is formed, soft deformable material can be covered outside frame structure, And suture, stitching, adhesion, the printing of substitution model outer surface, or supporting construction printer model is used as by the use of internal framework Outer wall；Frame structure internal cavities can also further injection fillers material, the or further material inserted is bonded or is frozen into Shape, improve demonstrating effect.As in lung model fill liquid simulation hydrops ponding etc. using frame structure, the differentiation of apparatus derivatorius Using different colours file printing or tinted.Entity anatomical structure is printed using transparent material, the system of branch in entity System can be demonstrated clearly by this method.The multi-level anatomical structure with apparatus derivatorius that the mode that framework, tube chamberization combine makes is (more Entity, the cavity body structure of level), or the model that larger organ is made as the multi-level anatomical structure with apparatus derivatorius, Before or after assembling is docked, handled according to the skeletonisation injection filling of tube chamberization, such as band blood vessel cranium brain model, white matter give cavity Change, grey matter is handled by tube chamberization, and the printing of white matter medium vessels is docked with the grey matter of tube chamber, and lamina albae is filled or do not filled, grey matter Blood vessel in outer lacuna gives printing and assembled, then assembling printing skull, attached soft material simulated skin outside skull.If It is the making of implant, the mould or framework of the article of printing as implant, filler and bonds solidification even wherein It is after tissue cultures, removes mould and can obtain implant, such as bone cement prosthese, artificial bone, articular cartilage implant etc. Deng.Implant is obtained for the mode using tissue cultures, the printer model of foundation can be more microcosmic structure, print material Material can be culture medium, and infusion can be stem cell or nutrient solution.Such as it is used for the hip joint bone cement prosthese of overhaul technology, leads to Cross after the above method obtains mould, fill the bone cement prosthese that bone cement is needed in art in a mold.It is as more suitable in cultivated The cartilage or bone cartilage of external form, after modeling printing and making mould to articular surface, stem cell and culture material are filled wherein Material, obtains the cartilaginous tissue of suitable external form, so as to be more conducive to transplant.

The model of the hollow branch-like structures such as blood vessel, tracheae, lymphatic vessel, biliary system, aggregation system, caliber are less than certain It is solid that degree uses the solid branch-like structures such as solid construction modeling printing, nerve to use, and the big trunk of caliber makes according to demand Printing is modeled with hollow-core construction.Branch-like structures can according to needing further to establish idealized model, Utopian blood vessel, The apparatus derivatoriuses such as tracheae, lymphatic vessel, nerve generate archetype in image segmentation or reverse engineering software and calculate center line, Model and center line are exported into CAD software, by controlling the matched curve function of error that center line is changed into and can made To scan the curve in path, with Utopian closed curve (such as circular, annular, ellipse, oval ring even multistage camber line Closed section, the closure SPL of composition) as section is scanned, scan establishing model.(circular or ellipse) section Size change with path is scanned, changing rule can be set according to certain calculation formula, can also scan path Vertical cross-section is done in CCP, and the section line profile intersected with archetype generates Utopian section to be fitted.It can not count Center line or the dissatisfied person of image segmentation are calculated, then by tracing the central point of its traveling in the picture, is output to CAD software In, scanned again for batten by controlling the matched curve of error.Such as precision is had higher requirements, Utopian blood vessel, tracheae, leaching After the branch configuration model such as hand shaft, nerve, variance analysis further can be carried out with archetype, according to variance analysis result Idealized model is corrected, or imports after image segmentation software is directly compared with original image and changes.

For the combined demonstration of multiple different anatomical structures (of the same race or not of the same race), if two organ or tissues are affixed in itself Close or be closer to, such as liver and gall-bladder, then be bonded or close to place design hidden interface bonding or as an organ segmentation, Printing, assembling, and as when two organ or tissues are apart from each other and both common " container " levels need not print, such as liver and spleen Demonstration does not need abdominal cavity, and bone is demonstrated and do not need muscle, then designs simple framework, support or container and beat simultaneously with the blood vessel in muscle Print, the model printed are arranged on the relevant position in framework, support, container, make the position relationship of each structure correct.

As filling, injection material include but is not limited to phosphate, carbonate, sulfate such as gypsum, hydroxyapatite, bone water Mud, animal tissue or other biomimetic materials, gelatine starch agar plastic resin Polymer material, metal or it is above-mentioned and its Material of the powder of its solid material, ink or other coloring agents, liquid or other solidifiables etc., for framework covering soft The including but not limited to solidification such as leather, rubber, paper material, plastic resin fiber Polymer material or fabric, gypsum, mud material Material etc..

Model is needed to carry out registration, and registration is realized by the registration function in software, common in two images The registering spheroid installed when the high structure of identification such as bone, scanning outside human body, after being modeled with identical parameters route, is scheming As being carried out in segmentation software or reverse engineering software to the structure registration.Do not possess registration function, pass through software or manual meter Barycenter, the coordinate main shaft of the model of the high structure of the common identification of two images are calculated, it is real to the coordinate system by coordinate transform Existing registration.

The printer model to carry out disinfection is needed, to adapt to sterilize specification, necessary passage is designed on model, hole count of ventilating The change of mesh, size, position, shape belongs to the scope of the present invention.

Each print member printed material, printing Unit-type sclection, printing precision change, packing material change, attachment structure Change, partition member mode change, the change of framework, support, container should be within the scope of the present invention.

Various anatomical structures tackle various needs according to aforesaid right mode adaptation disposal, for example cavity anatomical structure is worked as Make entity anatomical structure to establish hollow thin-wall model, the larger entity with branched structure of volume or multi-level fuzzy judgment are whole etc. Deng belonging to protection scope of the present invention.

The present invention uses image segmentation software, reverse or positive reverse engineering software, CAD software, quick forming fabri-cation software Some softwares in (3D printing software) four class software, belong to the scope of the present invention using the change of software.

According to the thought of the present invention, this hair should be belonged to by further establishing the software systems of each step exploitation of optimized algorithm integration Bright protection domain.

Claims (9)

1. a kind of human anatomic structure model, implant quick molding method, it is characterised in that this method first with medical treatment into As system, spatial digitizer, video-photographic equipment obtain the view data of object construction；Then obtained by software processing image Implant, anatomical structure or anatomical structure various pieces, three-dimensional digital model at all levels, and according to the structure needed to model Quality is built to be classified and marked；Model is handled by software again：The all or part of progress of model inwardly or to Outer chamber, village hollowing, thin-walled property processing, form internal framework or add interior lumen structure, obtain printer model, beat Stamp type can be scaled further, and the structure low to small volume, printing cost is printed after directly increasing supporting construction, right In bulky structure, branch-like structures or network structure, by the analysis of 3D supporting constructions, model optimal segmentation side is determined Case, and being split, then to the model printing after segmentation after, obtain model by assembling bonding；Finally carry out model enters one Step processing, the cavity of model, tube chamber can be filled before assembly or after assembling or injection material, and various pieces are distinguished or drilled Show, or implant further is formed to material bonding, solidification forming or the tissue cultures inserted；What is printed after filling molding is outer Wall is removed, and thin-walled is removed after shaping and forms implant；Model or framework surface can further cover changeability soft material Its form analysis of analog demenstration or outer wall；

The internal anatomical structure for carrying branch-like structures is wherein made, suitable for adding interior lumen, forming frame structure or two The mode that person combines；It is by establishing entity and branch structure model, the branch being pointed in entity to add interior lumen System, by the Boolean calculation of threedimensional model, obtain entity and go to the internal model for removing blood vessel, and the branch system outside entity Unite, the branching system outside entity and in entity is by CAD design Assembly interface, after both decompose printing assembling, if with more Branch-like structures are covered, are distinguished by before assembly or injecting coloured differently agent in tube chamber after assembling；To avoid coloring agent Into the branch of mistake, design and separate at the tube chamber place of communicating, prevent different branches from interfering, cause dyeing to be obscured；Entity Anatomical structure is printed using transparent material, and the branch system in entity can be demonstrated clearly by this method；Using frame structure, divide Branch structure differentiation using different colours file printing or tinted；The mode that framework, tube chamberization combine is applied to band point The multi-level anatomical structure or entity, cavity body structure of branch structure, or by larger organ as the multi-level solution with apparatus derivatorius Cut open pattern handling, basic principle is to form luminal structure as the inside apparatus derivatorius of physical print entity is printed, chamber The branched structure of traveling is printed in the level of body, and with the level of entity structure tube chamber branched structure assembling pair Connect.

2. a kind of human anatomic structure model, implant quick molding method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that The establishment stage of three-dimensional digital model, anatomical structure, implant, crosschecking and changing by model and image, diminution is built Vertical model and the deviation of image, its deviation degree to which include classification, or the essence of model construction is understood by variance analysis Degree, and correction model, the error degree of model construction and image or point cloud include classification, and final mask quality presses grade scale, Marked its credit rating；Model quality classification reference index is as follows：Bulk abnormal area caused by obvious noise, artifact Or error profile number, remove abnormal area, error profile model bias analysis every numerical value, with wherein maximum deviation number Based on value, the number of model surface spike, model silhouette and the maximum deviation of image how many pixel；Optimal model should be All bulk abnormal area error profiles are removed, and model surface spike is thin except the obvious spur of bone surface, branch-like structures Subbranch, its number is 0 beyond the tiny characteristics that anatomical structure inherently possesses, variance analysis maximum deviation be less than 0.5mm or The maximum deviation of 0.1mm, model silhouette and image is less than 1 pixel.

3. a kind of human anatomic structure model, implant quick molding method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that institute State anatomical structure to be made by frame structure, frame structure is that all or part of combination chosen in following structure is established：Point Branch spline structure, dissection interval, manadesma；The interval artificially divided, suitably split in entity structure, draw materials or entity structure is complete It is skeletonisation.

4. a kind of human anatomic structure model, implant quick molding method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that right Demonstrated in some, the anatomical structure of many levels, the hierarchical structure first demonstrated needs is arranged from inside to outside or from outside to inside Sequence, the lacuna level of structure in itself include sequence, are entity level for continuous level：Selection is with the entity level of outside The model of foundation is main body, and internal entity level or part are formed by the Boolean calculation of threedimensional model in external model should Level or partial cavity, form analysis carry out or without thin-walled hollows, and after carrying out printing assembling, are forming cavity Level, it is partially filled with or injection material, to demonstrate these levels, part；Using internal layer as main body, model can after establishing for selection Thereon, covering soft material simulates the structure outside it.

5. according to a kind of human anatomic structure model, implant quick molding method described in claim 1, it is characterised in that dividing After cutting model, assembly connection structure or mark can be established by CAD software on each part, and utilize hidden position or model The structure hole of itself, the convenient hand-hole or passage filled or sterilized is provided with model.

6. a kind of human anatomic structure model, implant quick molding method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that institute State branch-like structures, caliber is small hollow using solid construction modeling printing, and for solid branch-like structures using solid, caliber is big Trunk is modeled printing according to demand using hollow-core construction；Branch-like structures further establish idealized model, Utopian Apparatus derivatorius generates archetype in image segmentation or reverse engineering software and calculates center line, model and center line output Into CAD software, the curve in path is scanned by controlling the matched curve function of error to be changed into center line, with Utopian Closed curve scan as section is scanned and establishes model, i.e. the closed section of annular or multistage camber line composition, closure sample Bar curve；The size of the closed section changes with path is scanned, and changing rule can be set according to calculation formula, can also be Vertical cross-section is done in the CCP for scanning path, and the section line profile intersected with archetype generates Utopian section to be fitted Face；Center line can not be calculated or image segmentation is dissatisfied, then by tracing the central point of its traveling in the picture, be output to In CAD software, scanned again for batten by controlling the matched curve of error.

7. a kind of human anatomic structure model, implant quick molding method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that right In the combined demonstration of multiple different anatomical structures, two organ or tissues fit or are closer in itself, then are being bonded or are approaching Locate to set hidden interface bonding or be used as organ segmentation, printing, an assembling, and two organ or tissues are apart from each other and both are common When same container level need not print, then design simple framework, support or container printing, the model printed and be arranged on frame Relevant position in frame, support, container, make the position relationship of each structure correct.

8. a kind of human anatomic structure model, implant quick molding method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that same The built-up pattern of different structure or multiple different models inside one model, the source of its various pieces is different, then needs pair Model carries out registration, and registration is realized by the registration function in software, in the high structure of two images Identification Simultaneously degree, The registering spheroid installed when bone, scanning outside human body, after being modeled with identical parameters route, in image segmentation software or reverse work Registration is carried out to model inside different structure in journey software；Do not possess registration function, pass through two width figures of software or manual calculation Barycenter, coordinate main shaft as the model of the high structure of common identification, registration is realized by coordinate transform to coordinate system.

9. a kind of human anatomic structure model, implant quick molding method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that right Implant is obtained in tissue cultures, and the printer model of foundation is microcosmic structure, and printing is container for cultivating, moulding Or support, material is culture medium, and infusion is stem cell or nutrient solution；Obtained by the cell culture in container or on support Implant or implant infrastructure.